EX.

NO : 7 11-03-13

STUDY OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS USING GLOMOSIM

AIM : To study routing protocol ( AODV and DSR ) using glomosim and observe the packet delivery ratio , control overhead and end to end delay .

SOFWARE USED : Glomosim

THEORY : A routing protocol is a protocol that specifies how routers communicate with each other , disseminating information that enables them to select routers between any two nodes on a computer network , the choice of rate being done by routing algorithm TYPES OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS : AODV ( Ad hoc On Demand Vector ) Routing : AODV is a routing protocol for mobile and hoc networks and other wireless adhoc networks . It is reactive routing protocol , meaning it re-establishes a route to a destination to a destination only on demand . In AODV , the network is silent a connection is needed . At that point , the network node that needs a connection broadcasts a request for connection . Other AODV nodes forward this message and record the node that they heard it from , creating an explosion of temporary routes back to the needy node

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVATAGES OF AODV : The major advantages of AODV is that a connection is established only on a demand and that the connection setup delay is low Intermediate nodes can lead to inconsistent router if the source sequence number is very old and intermediate nodes have a higher but not the latest destination sequence number , there by having state entries Multiple route reply in response to a single route request packet can lead to heavy control overhead Periodic beaconing leads to un-necessary bandwidth consumption

DSR ( Dynamic Source Routing ) : It is for wireless mesh networks . It is similar to AODV in that it forms a route on demand when a transmitting computer requests one . However it uses source routing instead of relying on the routing table at each intermediate device .

ADVATAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DSR : DSR uses a reactive approach which eliminates the need of periodically updating the network address saving bandwidth The disadvantages are that route maintenance mechanism doesnot locally repair a broken link . The connection delay is higher

PROCEDURE : The configuration file is opened and un-necessary data are deactivated by using # and required data are activated The settings are changed between AODV and DSR Take the necessary readings such as :

Number of packets transmitted in source node Number of packets received in source node Average end to end delay Number of total packets received Total number of data packets received

INFERENCE : For application oriented metrics , delay and throughput , DSR outperforms AODV in less stressful ( smaller number of nodes and lesser mobility ) conditions . AODV outperforms DSR in more stressful conditions ( more nodes , higher mobility ) . RESULT : Thus routing protocols have been successfully studied and compared using glomosim and their various performance metrics are studied and compared .

TABULATION : MAC PROTOCOL : 802.11 MOBILITY AODV 1 3 20 40 80 0.567 0.763 0.731 0.988 0.994 NO.OF.NODES : 8 PDR DSR 0.847 0.928 0.988 0.988 0.847

MOBILITY

CONTROL OVERHEAD AODV DSR 48.75 44.75 29.50 60.75 385

1 3 20 40 80

68.95 54.25 30.25 31.50 29.00

MOBILITY

END TO END DELAY AODV DSR 0.0164 0.0157 0.0167 0.0163 0.0157

1 3 20 40 80

0.0196 0.0253 0.0328 0.0261 0.0248

MAC PROTOCOL : 802.11 NO.OF.NODES

MOBILITY : 20 ms-1 CONTROL OVERHEAD AODV DSR 2 25 49 29.5

2 4 6 8

2 11 23 30.25

NO.OF.NODES

END TO END DELAY AODV DSR 0.0054 0.0101 0.0128 0.0164

2 4 6 8

0.0054 0.0152 0.0358 0.0328