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Tips and Tricks for using STAAD.Pro: 1.

Q: When I am printing the help contents, the sentences are often truncated at the right end due to inadequate width for the right margin and/or font size. The pictures too are cut off. Is there a way to set the right margin so we can see all text and pictures in the printed document? A: One way to overcome this problem is to print the pages in landscape mode. 2. Q: Whenever I start up STAAD.Pro, I want the default unit system to come up as Metric instead of English. What is the setting for this specification? A: Start STAAD.Pro. From the File menu, select Configure. Choose Base unit and set it to Metric. 3. Q: I have a beam whose local axis is parallel to the global X axis. I want to orient it in a way that its web is parallel to the global XZ plane. A: Specify a Beta angle of 90 degrees. Beta angles can be specified from the Commands Geometric Constants menu. 4. Q: A member property is declared using the Tapered option. What do the values reported in response to the PRINT MEMBER PROPERTY command represent? Ans. The average of the values between those at the start and end locations of the member. 5. Q: I have a Wide Flange section with a concrete slab on top, resulting in composite action. How do I assign properties so that the "composite" nature of the section can be taken advantage of? A: STAAD does have a facility for defining a composite section consisting of a wide flange with a concrete slab on top. This property assignment can be made through the Commands Member Property page. 6. Q: I am modeling a portal frame where the connection between the beam and column is of the "Welded" type. Do I have to assign any specific command to convey this message to the analysis engine? A: By default, all connections are assumed to be of the type where the forces of all 6 degrees of freedom can be transmitted across the connection. Since this assumption conforms to the requirement of a welded type of connection, no special instructions have to be specified in the STAAD file. 7. Q: In the STAAD/Pro Graphical User Interface, how does one delete a support? A: Select the support type S1, which is designated "No support" and assign it to the node where you want the support removed. 8. Q: I want to perform a seismic analysis per the UBC 1997 code. However, instead of using the code specifications for calculating the periods of the structure, I want to specify my own.

A: It can be done. The input syntax for UBC loading includes 2 parameters by the name PX and PZ, which indicate the periods of the structure in X and Z directions. 9. Q: How many modes does STAAD use by default in response spectrum and time history analyses? A: In STAAD/Pro 2000 and older 3 In STAAD.Pro 2001 - 6 10. Q: I am analyzing a large structure and encounter an error message "Read /Write Error in Unit 17". I have been told that this is due to insufficient disk space. My input file is located on the D drive which has over 10 GB of free space. How do I remedy this situation? A: During the analysis, temporary files are created and placed in the folder pointed to by the SET TEMP parameter under the Windows Environment settings. Usually, this is on the C: drive. Further, the virtual memory paging files may also be residing on the C: drive. You can a) change the virtual memory settings so multiple drives are used b) Change the "SET TEMP" folder to point to the drive with a large amount of free space. 11. Q: The KL/ry reported for a T shape does not match my hand calculations. I am using the AISC ASD 9th edition code. A: For singly symmetric shapes, KL/r for the Y axis has to be calculated using the rules for flexural torsional buckling as explained in page 3-53 of the AISC ASD manual. 12. Q: I am unable to view any of the mode shapes besides the first mode shape. A: From the View menu, select "Structure Diagrams - Loads and Results", and choose the mode you want to view.

After opening STAAD software whose latest version is STAADV8i following options are available. 1)Project task which includes a)New project b)Open project c)Open from filewise d)configuration e)Backup manager f)Liscence management A begineer may use New project option and after he gains some momentum he can try out with other options.. 3)Recent file 4)Liscence configuaration

Under liscence configuration all international codes are given.User need to select the code with which he will design and for every code there is a liscense requiredAlso in this column one option is there which is called Advance STAAD engine Please note activating this facility liscence need to be obtained for Bentley by paying extra cost for thisThe advantage of this facility is that it reduces the time required for analysis and numerous degree of freedom of a structure are involvedThis facility reduces the zeros in the stiffness matrix there by saving time required for analysis

Modelling Next comes the modeling option..Different people have different ways of modeling After selecting the type of frame one is interestedwhich includes plane,space,floor and truss,model can be created in following ways, 1)In pulldown menu of STAAD in Geometry option one has the option of Run structural wizard..One can model the structure using this..

2)By typing the coordinates nodes can be created which later can be connected by members to form a frame.. 3)Also there are options like copy(by clicking right click of mouse) and in pulldown menu geometry option where translational repeat command is there..which also can be used to create a model.. After creating the model support specification needs to be given to the structurefor which support command can be used

Next step involve defining the property which can be done using property dialog box..wherein there is option of Define section database and user table.Define command is generally used for RCC structure and database contains all standard steel section of different counties..However if we have any buildup structure ..this property can be given using user table.. Next steps involves Applying the load Load command has many options a)Member load b)Joint load c)Floor load d)Hydrostatic load etc.. Next load combination needs to be done Analysis After applying the load..user need to give the command perform analysis followed by Run analysis

After this analysis is done ..one can check support reaction,bending moment ,shear force ,deflection etc

Please note this is just a beginning..There are many other aspect..like applying seismic load,wind load,moving load,time history load,P delta analysis once a user gains a momentum he can slowly proceed with this aspects

Design In design respective codes needs to be selected and following parameter needs to be applied depending on the suitably..

Designing parameter:

Designing parameter:

Parameter Description Name FYMAIN FYS EC FC CLE AR MINM AIN MAXM AIN MINS EC MAXS EC Yield Stress for main reinforcing steel. Yield Stress for secondary reinforcing steel. Concrete Yield Stress. For beam members. For column members Minimum main reinforcement bar size.

Maximum main reinforcement bar size.

Minimum secondary reinforcement bar size.

Maximum secondary reinforcement bar size. BEAM DESIGN A value of 1.0 means the effect of axial force will be taken into account for beam design.

BRA CING

COLUMN DESIGN A value of 1.0 means the column is unbraced about major axis. A value of 2.0 means the column is unbraced about minor axis. A value of 3.0 means the column is unbraced about both axis.

RAT IO

Maximum percentage of longitudinal reinforcement in columns. A value of 4.0 means longitudinal reinforcement in column is arranged equally along 4 faces. A value of 2.0 invokes 2 faced distribution about major axis.

RFACE

A value of 3.0 invokes 2 faced distribution about minor axis. Width to be used for design. This value defaults to ZD as provided under MEMBER PROPERTIES. Total depth to be used for design. This value defaults to YD as provided under MEMBER PROPERTIES. BEAM DESIGN: For TRACK = 0.0, output consists of reinforcement details at START, MIDDLE and END. For TRACK = 1.0, critical moments are printed in addition to TRACK 0.0 output. For TRACK = 2.0, required steel for intermediate sections defined by NSECTION are printed in addition to TRACK 1.0 output. COLUMN DESIGN: With TRACK = 0.0, reinforcement details are printed. With TRACK = 1.0, column interaction analysis results are printed in addition to TRACK 0.0 output. With TRACK = 2.0, a schematic interaction diagram and intermediate interaction values are printed in addition to TRACK 1.0 output. With TRACK = 9.0, the details of section capacity calculations are printed. Tied column. A value of 1.0 will mean spiral reinforcement. Ratio of effective length to actual length of column about major axis. Ratio of effective length to actual length of column about major axis. Ratio of unsupported length to actual length of column about minor axis. Ratio of unsupportd length to actual length of column about major axis. A value of 0.0 means torsion to be considered in beam design. TORSION A value of 1.0 means torsion to be neglected in beam design. SPSMAIN Minimum clear distance between main reinforcing bars in beam and column. For column centre to centre distance between main bars cannot exceed 300mm. Face of support location at start of beam. It is used to check against shear at the face of the support in beam design. The parameter can also be used to check against shear at any point from the start of the member. Face of support location at end of beam. The parameter can also be used to check against shear at any point from the end of the member. (Note: Both SFACE and EFACE are input as positive numbers).

WIDTH

DEPTH

TRACK

REINF ELZ ELZ ULY ULZ

SFACE

EFACE

ENSH

Perform shear check against enhanced shear strength as per Cl. 40.5 of IS456:2000.

ENSH = 1.0 means ordinary shear check to be performed ( no enhancement of shear strength at sections close to support)

For ENSH = a positive value(say x ), shear strength will be enhanced upto a distance x from the start of the member. This is used only when a span of a beam is subdivided into two or more parts. (Refer note ) For ENSH = a negative value(say y), shear strength will be enhanced upto a distance y from the end of the member. This is used only when a span of a beam is subdivided into two or more parts.(Refer note) If default value (0.0) is used the program will calculate Length to Overall Depth ratio. If this ratio is greater than 2.5, shear strength will be enhanced at sections (<2d) close to support otherwise ordinary shear check will be performed. RENSH Distance of the start or end point of the member from its nearest support. This parameter is used only when a span of a beam is subdivided into two or more parts.

. Next design beam and column option needs to be given.. Please note while modeling one uses Global coordinate axis and the results are in Local coordinate axis.This convention are given in STAAD help menu

In a nutshell STAAD involves the following Creating a structural model. This consists of generating the structural geometry, specifying member properties, material constants, loads, analysis and design specifications, etc Visualization and verification of the model geometry Running the STAAD analysis to perform analysis and design Verification of results - graphically and numerically Report generation and printing

The best way of learning STAAD is through help menu of STAAD.STAAD is a user fr iendly package and graphical user interface of STAAD is superb

It is very important the before using any software you need to have good basic knowledge of concrete and Steel design principles and theory.

Footing conditions For isolated footings the support condition is somewhat in-between Hinged base and fixed base For design we can take the following condition: Isolated footings on Rock---- Fixed case Isolated footings on Firm soil--- Fixed case Isolated footings on Medium soil---- Hinged case Isolated footings on Soft soil----Hinged case

As already discussed , a small angular rotation of footing will cause the compatibility moment to cease at its base unless soil is firm enough against such rotation/yielding

Thus even though the structure at base is monolithic, the supporting system is weak and allows rotation of footing

However for applied moments requiring stability of structures/EQ/Wind, the condition of fixed base is OK since these moments are applied moments and would not cease ,whatsoever be the rotation of footing.

I have a different opinion in this matter. Let us first clarify the terms "Restraint" and "Support".

Restraint - A bound on the movement corresponding to the degree of freedom (d.o.f). Support - A Node in a structural model that has Restraint.

It is the term "Restraint" that is key to this discussion.

If the foundation is massive (rotational stiffness is negligible) a Fixed support may be given. It also depends on the detailing at the support.

There is a rule-of-thumb... It is called 1:4 or 1:1/4 rule. If the stiffness ratio between the colum/beam and the connecting element is more than 4, the

condition can be treated as Pinned. If the stiffness ratio between the colum/beam and the connecting element is less than 1/4, the condition can be treated as Fixed.

Another important point is that...This (pinned/fixed support) has nothing to do with the nature of the soil below the foundation unless we model the soil along with the structure. Our problem is in Modelling of structure...

The modelling of soil(in the increasing order of complexity/accuracy) can be done by 1. Winkler models. (Neglects shear transfer in soil) 2. Half space models 3. Finite Element models.

It is requested to consult the books by Hemsley (Raft), Poulos H.G (Pile) & Lebeda (Boundary element method).

More serious discussions are expected in this matter. Dear All After huge discussion about isolated footing base pinned or fixed I found some result about footing end condition so I need opinion to our seniors .whatever I calculated here its sufficient or not?

Here I attached staad module with end column connection as per my calculation.

Here Fy=541.125 KN (vertical reaction of column base) SBC=138.46 KN/m^2 (as per soil report) Es=21X10^3 KN/M^3 (through triaxial test) =0.3 (as per soil report)

Step-1 For given value of SBC and vertical reaction through model fist we need to calculate the size and depth as per punching shear. Size=2X2X0.4 m

Step-2 When we decided the size and thickness of footing now we are able to find out the spring constant of same footing as per formula given below this formula mention in the many of text book even Joseph.E.Bowles. M=K M=(LXB2XEsX/12(1-2)X180) <xml><o></o> K= LXB2XEsX/12(1-2)X180) K=268.518 Kn/ Step-3 After getting of the spring constant we can apply this spring constant in our staad module. Step-4 Then repeat step one find the reaction and check the footing. if there are some modification need to process again. Thanks and Regards

P-Delta
avoid this we can anayse slender columns in three different ways...and yes this P-DELTA is only for slender columns.. well here i will refer ACI code as i dont know about IS codes...so ACI defines three methods of analysis for slender columns:1-Non Linear Second Order Analysis 2-Elastic Second Order Analysis (which we commonly use in Etabs by provind frame modifiers) 3-Moment Magnification Method but moment in compression members after any of the above analysis should not exceed 1.4 times the moment from first order analysis....otherwise change ur section. But Second-order effects in many structures are negligible and code says u can ignore slenderness according to ACI 10.10.1 P-delta Analysis represents the determination of additional moments in a member due to lateral deflection(delta) as result of its buckling under (i) Axial compressive force P

(ii) Sway Forces, may also cause P delta effect but these are not allowed to exceed in the structure system by limiting the horizontal drift

(iii) Joint displacements may also cause p-delta effects if structural proportions of columns/beams in a frame are inadequate vis-a vis height/span respectively

Additional moments depend upon the slenderness of member .

P-delta effect is applicable to all members .However keeping in view the magnitude of its effect, the members are treated as Slender members or Non-slender member. For non- slender members, the IS code has given a limit beyond which a member is slender . In non- slender members, its effect is negligible and can be ignored without compromising with structural safety. However in slender members it has to be accounted and added . For structures like buildings , there is no need to carry rigorous P-delta analysis but formulae are available to determine the additional moments due to P-delta effect.

For Mega structures like Central tower of a Cable stayed bridge and similar, the rigorous P-delta analysis is required

Tall Structures subject to sway under the action of horizontal forces could also suffer from the P-delta effect if delta exceeds beyond limits. Codes have provided limitations for lateral drift for building columns /shear walls , beyond such limitations the structural safety is at risk and shall not be exceeded.

Large joint displacements would also cause secondary moments .structural sizing must be adequate to avoid large displacements I disagree with Mr. Vikramjeet.

The P-delta analysis accounts for the secondary moments due to vertical loads on deformed structure; because of presence of horizontal loads.

For example; consider a cantilever column subjected to a vertical (P) and horizontal (H) load at the free end. If the deflection at free end due to H is delta; so the vertical load P is also shifted by "delta" amount. So this "PX Delta" gives the secondary moment due to vertical load.

If there is no horizontal load this moment will be zero or If we do normal analysis this moment will be

zero. So P-delta analysis does not give any moment because of "Buckling". So P-delta analysis is useful when you have horizontal loads on the system.

concept of Axis system


Before generating any structural model, this is utmost necessary to grow up a concept of Axis system adopted in Staad. Mainly, there are two axis system (i) Global Axis System (ii) Local Axis System. Global axis system is used by us for model generation as well as load data input. There are again three kinds of global axis system which are elaborated by Shri T. Rangarajan sir as follows : (a) Cartesian (b) Cyllindrical (c) Reverse Cyllindrical. Normally we use the Cartesian co-ordinate system i.e. rectangular coordinate system wherein three axis are in three perpendicular directions. Whenever you open the staad software, the Cartesian global co-ordinate system comes up on your page. Study the directions of this global coordinate system. When you see it in computer, normally Y-Global is up, X-Global is to the right side and the Z-Global is towards yourself. This system can be changed at your convenience. But I will propose not to change this system. Maximum structures can be generated with this global co-ordinate system. (b) & (c) systems are for special structures which have some kind of curved surfaces.

Local co-ordinate axis system is related with the orientation of the sections of the members as well as for giving load data input. This system is also required for interpreting the output member forces & design etc in correct directions. Each member has its own local axis system. Therefore, in other words, number of local axis system is equal to the number of members in your model. Whenever you create a member, there are two nodes associated with it, one is called a start node while the other one is called an end node. Whenever you keep your cursor on or nearby a member, you can see that members start node is green and end node is blue color and in between being red colorthis is staads inbuilt color option, if not changed by someone in your computer. This local axis is important for you to orient your section i.e. depth & width of a rectangular section in proper manner what is intended for. You can also see this section as a whole through graphical environment of staad whether the section is rightly oriented or not. When you use graphical interface to generate the model, staad itself creates the start node, end node and also the members and numbers these nodes & members according to its own builtup procedure. Idea of start node and end node is that if you add a member yourself by successively clicking on two nodes, the first node you click is your start node and the second node you click is end node. This is important to note that all the member forces are given in output with respect to local axis system and all support reactions are given in Global axis system. Therefore, it is very much necessary to understand this local co-ordinate system for interpreting the results which may be

subsequently can be used in foundation design or in another staad file with grade beams, pedestals & foundations in case of steel structures.

MODELING OF A PROJECT:

As explained in the previous posting modeling as per the actual structure in any osftware is very important. In STAAD the following means are available to create the models:

1.

By means of creating Nodes and members using Snap/Grid.

2.

By Open structure Wizard

3.

By Open staad editor.

4.

By Spread sheet technique like Exel Copy & Paste.

5.

Using DXF file import from Autocad.

6.

Using Copy/Cut with Paste

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