Brkagg-2013 0101

Design and Deployment of Voice Over Wireless LAN
BRKAGG-2013
Presentation_ID
2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco Public
Session Objectives
VoWLAN Solutions Explain Channel Utilization and effect on call quality
RF design Roaming Capacity planning QOS
Wireless Controller Service

VoWLAN configuration Audit VoWLAN Metric Reporting Voice Readiness Heat Map
Wired and Wireless essentials
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VoWLAN Solutions
Communication
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Agenda
Mobile Intelligent Roaming Unlicensed Mobile Access WiFi Calling Dual Mode Phones WiFi ONLY Phones Push to Talk solutions
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Mobile Intelligent Roaming Solution Components

Cisco
Pervasive Voice Ready WLAN Mobility Services Engine with Mobile Intelligent Roaming SW IP PBX with Single Number Reach
VoIP TDM Unified Wireless Network Service Provider N t Network k
Si
MSE
Unified Communications Network
Device Partners P
PBX vendor
Dual Mode Devices with Client Software

Open Partner Integration
G Gateway Partners P
Mobile Gateway (optional)
MG
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Enhanced Mobility from Cisco and Varaha

Varaha Networks to Integrate with the Cisco Mobile Intelligent Roaming Open API to Enable Seamless Handoff for Mobile UC Users
Mobile Intelligent Roaming
Cisco and Varaha Offer:

Enterprise owned solution with simple automated centralized configuration Network intelligence that leverages E t Enterprise i WLAN visibility i ibilit Compatibility with leading IP-PBX systems Voice and data mobility across home, cellular public and enterprise networks Solution based on Cisco Unified Wireless Network, Varaha uMobility Router and Software Client Client and cellular/home network intelligence to unify disparate networks Administrator and user-defined policies for roaming and unified communication
Application ns
Messaging
Conferencing
Presence
IP-PBX Open API
Varaha uMobility Mobility Router
M Mobility Services S
Mobility Services Engine
Si
Mobile Intelligent Roaming Software
Voice
Netwo ork Acces ss
Unified Wireless Network

Wi-Fi
Carrier
Device e
uMobility Client SW Unified Mobility Client
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Varaha Solution Architecture

A strong Foundation e enables the A Applications s
Applica ations
Mobile Voice & Mobile PBX
Mobile Presence and IM
PTT & AlertMessaging APIs
Mobile Video and Telepresence
Netwo ork Abstrac ction
End to End Secure Remote Voice
MIR Triggered gg Handover
uMobility y Clean Client
Completely invisible and Cisco Integrated Solution
Cisco Mobile Intelligent Roaming
Cisco Mobility Services Engine
Mob bile Networks
Enterprise Home Enterprise/Private Networks

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Public
Cellular 3G Cell WiMAX 3GPP LTE Public Networks
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Portal Group
What is a Portal Group?
At Every E Exit/Entry E it/E t P Point i t Client Accessible Access Point Points
Tracking Optimized Monitor Mode (TOMM) Access Point
TOMM AP
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Configure Mobile Intelligent Roaming

Select MIR as the Mobility Service within MSE
Create Portal Groups

In Cisco WCS, WCS click Mobility > Mobility Services
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Mobile Intelligent Roaming

Cisco CallManager
Enterprise Network POTS
Carrier Domain
Cellular
S I P
Varaha uMobility Server
Collapsed Core/Distribution/ Access
V
MSE
Voice Gateway
TOMM AP
TOMM AP
Building A
Mobile Device running the Varaha uMobility Client
Building B
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A New Way of Looking at Networks and Coverage

Unlimited Wi-Fi Wi Fi Calling is an exclusive service from T-Mobile T Mobile that leverages UMA technology to deliver unlimited nationwide Wi-Fi calling and great coverage for a mobile workforce
Cellular Radio Access Network (RAN)
Private Network
Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) UMA-Enabled, Dual-mode Handset Base Station Controller (BSC)
UMA is an IP extension of T-Mobiles GSM/EDGE network

Core Mobile Network
Uses all of the GSM/EDGE protocols (above the radio layer) with minimal modifications Uses the Internet as a transport medium
Unlicensed Mobile Access Network (UMAN)
IP Access Network
Unlicensed Wireless Network (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.) UMA Network Controller (UNC)
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BlackBerry Mobile Voice System

Immediate Reachability One phone number, One voicemail Faster Collaboration Key Call Features: Transfer, Hold, Voicemail, Call Blocking Mobile Telecom Administration Converge telecom infrastructure Multi-Vendor, TDM, IP, SIP
MVS with Wi-Fi Calling reduces cellular minutes of usage, can eliminate international roaming charges and provides least cost routing.
Single Enterprise Voice Identity

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Data/Voice Paths
Dual-Mode Dual Mode Phone is on Wi-Fi Wi Fi
BlackBerry Enterprise Server UMA Network Controller Data Corporate Firewall Wi-Fi Access Point
Data Path Voice Path UMA Call
Internet
MVS Server
BlackBerry smartphone Voice Telephone Network Desk phone PBX Core Mobile Network Mobile Radio Access Network
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Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA)

Challenges:
Inbound packets have no QoS tagging
interface GigabitEthernet0/0 description OUTSIDE ip policy route route-map map UMA ! access-list 100 permit udp any eq non500-isakmp any ! route-map UMA permit 10 match ip address 100 set ip precedence internet
Firewall Policies must be in place

Access-list 150 permit udp 208.54.0.0 255.255.0.0 any eq isakmp (SetUP) Access-list 150 permit udp 108.54.0.0 255.255.0.0 any eq non500-isakmp (Traffic) Access-list 150 deny ip any any (example)
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The Dual Mode Mobility Device

Can Provide employees with a single business number, single voicemail on a single mobile device Extends corporate PBX services to mobile devices Provides customers with a single number to reach employees increasing enterprise control Minimizes Cellular network expense Improves Call Quality where Cellular coverage is poor or non-existent
On-the-Go Worker
1 1
Mobile Voice/ Mobile VOIP Email
VoIP
3
Home Office W k Worker
Voicemaill
SMS/MMS Contacts
Video Call
Internet
Home Office Worker
2
Calendar Conferencing Files/Content Device Management Presence/IM

4
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Voice Ready Network

Design
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Readiness Reporting
Inspect VoWLAN Readiness Voice readiness tool (the VoWLAN Readiness tool) allows you to check the RF coverage to see if it is sufficient for your voice needs. This tool verifies received signal strength indication (RSSI) levels after access points have been installed. To access the VoWLAN Readiness Tool (VRT), follow these steps: Choose Monitor > Maps. Select the applicable floor area name. From the Select a command drop-down menu, click Inspect VoWLAN Readiness. Select the applicable Band, AP Transmit Power, and Client parameters from the drop-down menus. Note By y default the region g map p displays p y the region g map p for b/g/n g band for Cisco Phone based RSSI threshold. The new settings cannot be saved. Depending on the selected client, the RSSI values may not be editable. Cisco PhoneRSSI values are not editable. CustomRSSI values are editable with the following g ranges: g
Low threshold between -95dBm to -45dBm High threshold between -90dBm to -40dBm

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The following color schemes indicate whether or not the area is Voice Ready: GreenYes YellowMarginal RedNo
2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
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Select a Command
Planning Mode Inspect VoWLAN Readiness
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WCS VoWLAN if Not Ready
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The Voice Readiness Map @ Defaults
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Comparison
This mapping was done solely on default which is signal prorogation formula
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WCS Floor Maps Can be Edited and Calibrated
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A CCXv2 Client is Used for the Walk About
CCX is the Cisco Compatible Extensions Program

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WCS Reporting
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The Reports Reports Available on the WCS
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WCS Voice Statistics of CAC Enabled Clients
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WCS Client Reports - Phone Client Count
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The Client Count Report Sample
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Traffic System Metrics by AP Build
Similar report can be run from client reporting

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WCS Call Traffic System Metrics Report
A coverage design goal is to have < 1% PER To Get uplink statistics the client needs to be CCXv4 The same report can be run from client reports
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WCS
Monitor >Client Monitor->Client
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WCS Client List Page (Split)
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WCS -> Link Test -> 00:1A:A1:92:5D:FB
A similar Link Test is on the WLC

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RF Channel Stability
RED is 11a and BLUE in 11b/g

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RF Matters
Too Much Going On?
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Channel Utilization What Made the Difference?
What made this dramatic change?
Before 5% After
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When 11a - CAC Configured @ Defaults ADDTS Refused at a 34.77% CU, Throughput 7.4Mbps
The data rates of 6,9,12 were disabled this 24 calls on 1 AP

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Adding Rates 6,9,12 Dropped the Throughput from 7.4Mbps to 3.2Mbps
With data rates of 6,9 enabled 80% of the packets are sent a those rates
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Receiver Sensitivity Example for 2.4GHz Direct Sequence

Indication of the ability of the receiver to decode the desired signal The minimum received signal level, in the absence of interference, at which the desired signal can be decoded with a particular Bit Error Rate (BER) Typically expressed in dBm The more negative the value, th b the better tt Function of the data rate: the higher the data rate, the higher the receiver sensitivity required
-87 dBm -90 dBm -92 dBm -94 dBm
Receiver Sensitivity @ 11 Mbps Receiver Sensitivity @ 5.5 Mbps Receiver Sensitivity @ 2 Mbps Receiver Sensitivity @ 1 Mbps
-98 dBm
Receiver Noise Floor (Will Vary for Each Environment)
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Noise, Interference, and Utilization via WLC
RX Utilization 36 TX Utilization 7 Channel Utilization 96
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Spectrum Expert Channel Utilization
U d t d every 20 seconds Updated d

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The Data Rate Influence on CAC Bandwidth

Lower data rate packets are on the air longer Lower data rate packets have a larger transmit coverage area Lower data rate packets are received by more clients and APs than higher data rate packets When there are retries subsequent packets are sent at a lower data rate until the lowest configured data rate is reached When there are a lot of retries in a cell the higher data rates are abandoned
Lower data rates lower call capacity and increase the size of the collision domain
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The Data Rate Influence on CAC Bandwidth (Cont.)

Its recommended that the denser the deployment of APs the higher the first required and enable data rate is set at at. If the AP deployment is not dense the lower data maybe necessary to provide coverage. With the G711 codec and the overhead of the 802.11 protocol the cell throughput does not increase at data rates above 24Mbps
Note on default data rates: for 2.4GHz 802.11 are 1 & 2Mbps for 2.4GHz 802.11b are 5.5 & 11Mbps f 2.4GHz for 2 4GH 802 802.11g 11 are 6 6,9,12,18,24,36,48 9 12 18 24 36 48 & 56Mb 56Mbps for 5GHz 802.11a are 6,9,12,18,24,36,48 & 56Mbps
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What Contributes to Channel Utilization

Co-channel transmissions from nearby APs Co-channel transmissions from nearby clients Transmissions from the AP
Including Beacons and Probe Responses
Transmissions form the clients associated to the AP Any other transmissions from any other radio on the same frequencies as the APs channel
INCLUDING: BLUETOOTH MICROWAVES
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Different VoWLAN Clients Have Different WLAN Capabilities

Clients have different WLAN modulation support Clients have different gain antennas powers and Clients have similar but different transmit p receiver sensitivity values Clients have different levels of WMM QoS support Clients have different roaming algorithms
These difference can increase RF level retries which will increase the utilization and lower data rates.
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RF Coverage
Design for the Client
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WLAN Coverage Considerations

The AP coverage design needs to be done to match the performance of the clients and the applications they run Determine the RF coverage of all the clients that are going to be used in the WLAN
Use data sheets to find the clients antenna gain g Use data sheets to find data rates and receiver sensitivity Use data sheets to find channels and transmit powers
Determine what other applications and clients share the WLAN Determine what interferers share the WLAN
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Data Rate Cell Size

Call Count Comparisons
6 9 Mbps 802.11a/g/n 12 - 24 Mbps 802 11a/g/n 802.11a/g/n 36 54 Mbps 802 11a/g/n 802.11a/g/n
Max Call Count
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Ideal Cell Size and Channel Separation

VoWLAN cell edge designs for 2.4GHz and 5GHz
802.11 802 11 b/g/n
The RADIUS of the cell should be: 67 dBm
The separation of same channel cells should be: 19 dBm
Channel 1 Channel 11
-67 dBm
Channel 6
-86 dBm
802.11 a/n
The RADIUS of the cell should be: 72 dBm
The separation of same channel cells should be: 19 dBm
Channel 36 Channel 40
-72dBm
Channel 44
-91dBm 91dBm
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High Density Deployment

High Density 5GHz office deployment
5GHz does not have the overlap or collision domain issues of 2.4GHz. 12 APs on 1 floor
36
48
60
100 132 149
116
64
52
44
104
36
50
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High Density Cells Provide Higher Number of Available Calls in a Given Office Space
In a floor space this small with this many 2.4GHz APs d t rates data t and d transmit t it powers would ld have h to t be b managed to achieve > 20 802.11b calls per channel.
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Aggregate and Per Per-User User Throughput

802.11, like Ethernet, is a shared medium Aggregate throughput is the total bandwidth shared by all users in a cell Generally, the larger the cell, the more users in the cell
Greater per user ser thro throughput ghp t means smaller cells and more access points for a given area
How many y users per p access p point?

Whats the aggregate throughput of the access point? On average, what amount of per user throughput do you want to provide? id ?
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Per-User Per User Throughput Samples

Technology gy Data Rate ( (Mbps) p ) Aggregate gg g Throughput (Mbps) 6 6 6 14 14 14 25 25 25 Example p User Count 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 Average g p per user Throughput 600Kbps 300Kb 300Kbps 200Kbps 1.4Mbps 700Kbps 467Kbps p 2.5Mbps 1.25Mbps 833Kbps
802.11b 802 11b 802.11b 802.11b 802.11g 802.11g 802.11g 802.11a 802.11a 802.11a
11 11 11 54 54 54 54 54 54
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Capacity
Capacity is throughput multiplied by available, non-overlapping channels
802.11b and 802.11g operate in the same band, use the same three channels Any 802.11g capacity increase is from throughput alone
802.11a currently provides 12 to 23 channels in most of the world in 2008

While throughput might be similar to 802.11g, channels are not, neither then is capacity
In theory theory, access points set to non-overlapping channels may be co-located to provide all available capacity in a single coverage area
More commonly commonly, its it s an expression of total throughput across a network or facility
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Capacity of 11b/g and 11a AP
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802.11b Scalability
Blue = 11Mbps Data Rate, 7Mbps Throughput Green = 11Mbps Data Rate, 7Mbps Th Throughput h t
Total Capacity = 21Mbps
Red = 11Mbps 11 Data Rate, 7Mbps Throughput
What if we added 3 more APs to this coverage area?

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802.11b Scalability
Blue = 11Mbps Data Rate, 7Mbps Throughput Green = 11Mbps Data Rate, 7Mbps Th Throughput h t
Red = 11Mbps 11 Data Rate, 7Mbps Throughput
What if we added 3 more APs to this coverage area?

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802.11g Scalability
Blue = 54Mbps Data Rate, 23Mbps Throughput Green = 54Mbps Data Rate, 23Mbps Throughput
Total Capacity = 69Mbps
Red = 54Mbps Data Rate, 23Mbps Throughput
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802.11a Scalability US has 21 Indoor Channels

54/25 Mbps 54/25 Mbps 54/25 Mbps Mb 54/25 Mbps 54/25 Mbps 54/25 Mbps 54/25 Mbps 54/25 Mbps
Total Bandwidth = 1134Mbps!
What about 11n? 9-bonded channels

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Current NA 5GHz Channels
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WIRELESS 802.11a/n RRM DCA WIRELESS->802.11a/n->RRM->DCA
Here you will remove the channels that are known to be g interferers or contain true radar signal g at the site, or high channels that are not supported by your clients.
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Call Admission Control

802.11e/WMM
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Approaches to Admission Control

Admission control grants clients access on a per-WLAN (SSID) basis This is typically done in one of two ways
Load number of calls based on channel load TSpec based on a host of additional parameters
Wi Wi-Fi Fi Multimedia M l i di (WMM) 802 802.1111es 1111 T Traffic ffi Specification (TSpec) takes much more into account
Clients request admission based on: traffic priority (access category), power save, mean data rate, frame sizes, minimum PHY data rate, etcetera
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Call Admission Control (CAC)

Features Description:
Si
Ensures QoS is maintained when network congestion occurs Prioritizes calls in p progress g over new requests for calls Triggers dynamic load balancing across multiple APs to ensure high availability
Wireless LAN Controller Voice Ready Aironet Access Points
Benefit:
Enables higher call capacity across network Ensure audio quality during peak utilization Increases system availability for voice calls
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Larger Cells Will Provide Fewer Calls in a Given Office Space Best handled by CAC
Channel 1 Channel 6 Channel 11

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Larger Cells Will Provide Fewer Calls in a Given Office Space
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Quality of Service (QoS) Overview

Ensures packets receive the proper QoS handling end-to-end Makes sure packet will maintain QoS information as it traverses network Policing of 802 802.11e 11e UP / 802 802.1p 1p and IP DSCP values ensures endend points conform to network QoS policies Uses Ciscos AVVID packet marking mappings and IEEE mappings as appropriate Supported on all shipping controllers Supported pp on Cisco Aironet 1000, , 1130, , 1200, , 1230, , 1240, , and 1500 Series lightweight access points Support for Cisco 7920/7921 as well as many 3rd party voice products
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Wi-Fi Wi Fi Multimedia (WMM)

What is WMM?
It is a supplement to 802.11 MAC layer Allows Diff-Serv QoS by creating 4 priority queues, called Access Categories The access categories access the channel using a protocol called EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access), an enhancement of the existing DCF (Distributed Coordination Function)
What does WMM add?

Uplink frames are marked with 802.1d CoS Prioritized access for uplink traffic Admission Control Mandatory (ACM) flag allows uplink access categories to be enabled/disabled Contention-free packet bursting within the TXOP Limit (Transmission control:
Transmission Opportunity)
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802.11e / WMM Media Access Classifications

Separates traffic types in to 4 QoS access categories (AC) Background, Best Effort, Video, Voice These 4 ACs also have unique delay and random back off characteristics for accessing the RF channel
Applications
Background
Best Effort
Video
Voice
Internal I t l Collision Resolution

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IEEE 802.11e WMM Access Categories

Access Category Description Highest Priority (Multiple Calls, Low Latency y and Toll Voice Quality) Traffic Other Than Data Legacy Devices or Applications That Lack QoS Capabilities Low Priority y Traffic (File ( Transfers, Printing)
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802.1d Tags
WMM Voice Priority y
7, 6
y WMM Video Priority
5, ,4
WMM Best Effort P i it Priority WMM Background g Priority

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0 3 0,
2 1 2,
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QoS Considerations for LWAPP

Lightweight Access Point Protocol (LWAPP) Support for Layer 3 IP Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) marking WLAN data is tunneled between AP and WLAN controller via LWAPP To maintain the original QoS classification across this tunnel, the QoS settings of the encapsulated data packet must be appropriately mapped to the Layer 2 (802.1p) and Layer 3 (IP DSCP) fields of the outer tunnel packet.
802.1p IP Outer
IP DSCP Outer
LWAPP encapsulated
Incoming 802.1p UP
IP DSCP Inner.
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11e and 802.1p/D to DSCP Tagging

802.1p/D UP-based Traffic Type Voice Video Voice Control Background (Gold) Background (Gold) B k Background d (G (Gold) ld) Background (Silver) Background (Silver) Background (Silver) Best Effort Background DSCP UP 11e UP 46 (EF) 34 (AF41) 26 (AF31) 18 (AF21) 20 (AF22) 22 (AF23) 10 (AF11) 12 (AF12) 14 (AF13) 0 (BE) 2 6 5 4 2 2 2 1 1 1 0, 3 1
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Markings SCCP RTP
802.11e
4 6
DSCP
CS3 EF
802.1p
3 5
DSCP(LWAPP)
CS3 EF
DSCP
CS3 EF
802.11e
DSCP
Payload
802.1p
DSCP
LWAPP Encapsulated DSCP
802.1p Payload
DSCP
Payload
LWAPP Tunnels
WLAN C Controller t ll
Si
Ethernet Switch
AP
3
802.11e DSCP Payload DSCP LWAPP Encapsulated DSCP Payload
4
802.1p DSCP Payload
Markings SCCP RTP

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802.11e
4 6
DSCP
CS3 EF
DSCP
CS3 EF
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DSCP(LWAPP)
CS3 EF
802.1p
3 5
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Configuration
Where Wireless Meets the Road (Wired)
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Please Visit the Cisco Booth in the World of Solutions

See the technology in action
Mobility
MOB1 Collaboration in Motion MOB2 Cisco Unified Wireless Network MOB3 Mobile High-Speed g p Performance with 802.11n
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Complete Your Online Session Evaluation

Give us your feedback and you could win fabulous prizes prizes. Winners announced daily. Receive 20 Passport points for each session evaluation you complete. Complete your session evaluation online now ( (open a browser through our wireless network to access our portal) or visit one of the Internet stations throughout the Convention Center.
Dont forget f to activate your Cisco Live Virtual account for access to all session material, communities, and on-demand and live activities throughout the h year. A Activate i your account at the h Cisco booth in the World of Solutions or visit www.ciscolive.com.
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Design and Deployment of Voice Over Wireless LAN

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Wireless Controller Service

Wired and Wireless essentials

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Mobile Intelligent Roaming Solution Components

Unified Communications Network

Dual Mode Devices with Client Software

Mobile Gateway (optional)

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Enhanced Mobility from Cisco and Varaha

Cisco and Varaha Offer:

IP-PBX Open API

Varaha uMobility Mobility Router

Mobility Services Engine

Mobile Intelligent Roaming Software

Netwo ork Acces ss

Unified Wireless Network

uMobility Client SW Unified Mobility Client

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Varaha Solution Architecture

Mobile Voice & Mobile PBX

Mobile Presence and IM

PTT & AlertMessaging APIs

Mobile Video and Telepresence

Netwo ork Abstrac ction

End to End Secure Remote Voice

MIR Triggered gg Handover

uMobility y Clean Client

Completely invisible and Cisco Integrated Solution

Cisco Mobile Intelligent Roaming

Cisco Mobility Services Engine

Mob bile Networks

Enterprise Home Enterprise/Private Networks

Cellular 3G Cell WiMAX 3GPP LTE Public Networks

Tracking Optimized Monitor Mode (TOMM) Access Point

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Configure Mobile Intelligent Roaming

Create Portal Groups

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Mobile Intelligent Roaming

Enterprise Network POTS

Varaha uMobility Server

Collapsed Core/Distribution/ Access

Mobile Device running the Varaha uMobility Client

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

A New Way of Looking at Networks and Coverage

Cellular Radio Access Network (RAN)

UMA is an IP extension of T-Mobiles GSM/EDGE network

Unlicensed Mobile Access Network (UMAN)

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

BlackBerry Mobile Voice System

Single Enterprise Voice Identity

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Data Path Voice Path UMA Call

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA)

Firewall Policies must be in place

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Dual Mode Mobility Device

Mobile Voice/ Mobile VOIP Email