EDUCATION AND SOCIALIZATION In the sense that education is a lifelong process, socialization is also a continuous process of learning.

Both are concerned with the development of man and society. While they complement one another, education, especially formal education may be viewed as a narrower term because it is concerned with the accomplishment of certain goals. Socialization begins within the intimate relationships in the home. Next to the family the most potent and effective socializing agent is the classroom the natural extension of the home. The school is, in itself, a social system. The Three Levels of Life 1. The vegetative level refers to the embryo and early infancy. It is characterized by preoccupation with food 2. The animal level is characterized by desires for sex and reproduction. At this stage, man is no different from animals in his need for food and sex. 3. The human level implies the attainment of a personality we refer to as a human Socialization begins within the intimate relationships in the home. Next to the being .It implies the assimilation of behavior, attitudes and values society considers important and necessary to the well-being of the group. He becomes a person as differentiated form the term individual. A newborn child is not yet a person but an organism to be developed into a human being in the process of socialization. The newborn child possesses the potentials for developing into highly desirable human being. It is the sacred responsibility of the socializing agencies especially the home and the school, to imbue this child with the necessary abilities to bring him up to the human level where spiritual, moral, cultural and humanistic values are the ultimate purpose of his being. Socialization may be defined in various ways: the process whereby one internalizes the norms and standards of the group among one who lives so that a distinct self emerges unique to this individual the process of entering the human being into the secrets of society. It is the process in which a number of minor miracles occur; the animal becomes a human being, sheer behavior is transformed into conduct, the individual as an organic unit becomes a person, self-aware and be able to guide his conduct in terms of increasingly subtle cues that signal others expectations. Generalized other by George Herbert Meade It refers to the childs conception of other people or the way he looks at other which depends on his evaluation of the attitudes, expectations and performance of others belonging to his immediate group He learns to imitate sounds, symbols and behavior. Through the repetition of certain sounds like crying, he learns how to get what he wants .He learns other symbolic actions like smiling and twisting his tongue or opening and closing his eyes in certain ways to bring about certain reactions from people around him When such things are no longer sufficient for his needs, language becomes necessary for the effective communication of his thoughts, ideas and desires .His parents give what they have in terms of their knowledge, prejudices and passions. Values of right and wrong are

inculcated in the consciousness of the child. He finds out that he has no choice but to accept them as part of himself; otherwise, he is punished. The looking-glass self (Cooley) The process of discovering the self from the reactions of others .As he the self through a gradual and complicated process, he also begins to assess and re-assess how people react to him. This is based on The understanding of how we look at others The notion of the way in which others judge the image that we think they perceive The interpretation of the importance and meaning of the judgment of others It can happen that an individual may not wish or cannot conform to his given role and fails in the expectation of society. This individual is considered anti-social or deviant. He should be treated with understanding and care through guidance and counseling. To some extent deviance represents a failure in socialization. This can be quiet clearly seen in the case of homosexuality. There is no proof that the homosexual has any generic or glandular abnormality .His childhood socialization has left him with a perverse liking for a sexual relationship with his own sex. In some cases, homosexuality may result from the parents attempt to satisfy their desire for the sex of the child they want. The committed and sympathetic teacher can do a lot to avoid the development of the socially conditioned homosexual. THE SCHOOL AND SOCIALIZATION In the course of life the child is likely to range far beyond his family to new values and new ways of behaving. School has these functions: where he extends the range of his human contacts and prepares himself to deal with the large community or the world. where he comes in contact and relates with many others belonging to his age level. serves in transmitting the culture of the group, its values, its language, literature, history, arts, music, religious and ethical beliefs, and a sense of what is proper and improper in interpersonal relations, values. encourages and develops group participation and teaches conflicting values like competition and cooperation. seeks to create within the students a commitment to perform tasks which need doing teaches social awareness and accountability for ones faults and actions. Socializes the individual towards humanism STATUS AND ROLE as KEY to SOCIALIZATION Status is the position a person occupies in society by virtue of his age, sex, birth, marriage, occupation or achievement. It designates the standing or position of the individual in a social group.

Two forms of Status 1. Ascribed status is the position assigned to an individual without reference to his innate differences and abilities. This can be identified and predicted from birth and which we are born or which we inherit.. Age, race and sex are statuses which are dependent on biological conditions while king, queen, nobility bestowed by inheritance are good examples .Common age statuses are infancy, childhood, youth, maturity and senility. 2. Achieved status requires special qualities. It is assigned to an individual from birth, but is left open to competition and individual from effort. Role refers to the part the individual is expected to play in his social group. Linton refers to it as the sum total of the culture patterns associated with a particular status. Within the family circle in the intimate relationship among its members, the individual identifies his status as child, son, or daughter, sister or brother; while other members are father, mother, grandparent, husband or wife. Each carries a particular role which, in turn, is defined by the folkways and the mores of the particular society to which one belongs. As a child matures, he becomes a part of a wider and larger group. He enters school as a student. In the school, there the teacher, the principal, his classmates, the security guards, the clerks, secretaries and others .Each of these people have roles to perform in accordance with their status Unlike in the family, there are school rules and regulations which are formalized. These are necessary because in most cases the students orientation in the home may be varied and what was taught to them may not conform to the teachers expectations. Moreover, the socialization of the child in the school is conditioned by the ties between the school and the home. Whether the child is receptive in school or not depends on his orientation in the family. The activities and organizations of the school reinforce role and status expectations and values. In group activities and group games the youth learn the appropriate behavior of a member. SOCIAL ORDER AND SOCIAL CONTROL Unless one knows almost exactly how an individual will behave, act or react under a certain stimulus, there will be chaos in the society. This is one reason why schools have rules and regulations; otherwise, learning cannot take place effectively. The successful management of the classroom may be attributed to the teachers ability to maintain order and discipline. Social control is the means by which people are led to fill their expected roles. If society is to function effectively and efficiently, its members must act the way they should act as members of society. Social order and social control are taught to the young in the school, which is a controlled environment, so that as mature individuals they become desirable members of the society .There are many things we do not want to do but which we must do.