Transformer connection for three phase The principal three modes of connection for three phase windings are:

1. Mesh or delta connection. 2. Star connection. 3. Zig-zag connection. According to the phase displacement which exists between the line voltages on the either sides of the transformer, there are four main groups as follows: 1. Group 1- Zero phase displacement (Yy 0, Dd 0, Dz 0) 2. Group 2- 180 phase displacement (Yy 6, Dd 6, Dz 6) 3. Group 3- 30 lag phase displacement (Dy 1, Yd 1, Yz 1) 4. Group 4- 30 lead phase displacement (Dy 11, Yd 11, Yz 11) Choice of transformer connections. 1. Star-Star (Yy 0 or Yy6) Adv. a. Economical for small current and high voltage transformers. b. Number of turns per phase and the amount of insulation is minimumc. (between Vl & Vp) d. Star point provides neutral connection available. Dis-adv. a. If the load on the secondary side of the transformer is unbalanced, the phase voltage of the load side change unless load star point is earthed. b. If the neutral of transformer primary winding is not connected to the neutral of a generator, the 3rd & 5th harmonic magnetising current cannot flow hence the flux in the core cannot be of sinusoidal wave and leads to voltage distortion. c. Causes the current in the neutral of triple frequency, causes interference to the nearby communication systems. 2. Delta -Delta (Dd 0 or Dd 6) Adv. a. Economical for high current and low voltage transformer. b. Open delta operation can be performed i.e. One of the phases is removed or developed fault, but the capacity of transformer gets reduced to 57.7% c. (between Vl & Vp) d. Nil flux distortion. e. X-section of the conductor reducedf. No difficulty is experienced due to unbalancing of load on the secondary side. Dis- adv. a. More insulation required. b. If one line gets earth, maximum voltage between winding and core will be full line voltage- due to absence of neutral point. 3. Star-Delta (Yd1 or Yd11)

This type of transformer is used principally where the voltage is to be stepped down, like at the end of a transmission line. The neutral of the primary has to be earthed. The line voltage ratio is times of transformer turn ration and secondary line voltages will have a phase shift of 30 w.r.t primary line voltages. HV side of a transformer is stressed only to 57.7% of the line voltage and therefore cost of insulation is saved to some extend. 4. Delta- Star (Dy 1 or Dy 11) This type of transformer is used principally at the termination between transmission line & generating station to stepped up voltage. High voltage side of the transformer is stressed only to 57.7% of the line voltage. Neutral point is stable and will not float due to unbalanced in load. Nil flux distortion due to delta connection allows a path for 3rd harmonic contents. Line voltage ratio is times the transformer turn ratio and the secondary line voltage will have a phase shift of 30 w.r.t primary line voltages.