American Philological Association

The Tradition of Stephanus Byzantius Author(s): Aubrey Diller Source: Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, Vol. 69 (1938), pp. 333-348 Published by: The Johns Hopkins University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/283183 . Accessed: 15/02/2011 10:54
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XV.-The

Tradition of Stephanus Byzantius

AUBREY DILLER
INDIANA UNIVERSITY

Stephanus "of Byzantium ", the author of the Ethnica, was a professor in the Court Schools of Constantinople under Justinian about 535 A.D.1 It was the time and place where ancient Greek literature found its last refuge for weathering the Dark Ages. The huge uncial codices of the Court Schools must often have been the very ones that were salvaged three centuries later by Photius and his disciples and became the archetypes of our extant manuscripts. Many of the strange survivals of ancient literature were determined by the chances of selection in early Constantinople. Thus two of Stephanus' favorite sources, Strabo and Pausanias, were deservedly ignored by classical antiquity and probably have been preserved only because the Court Schools happened to have copies of them. Stephanus himself is not of a quality to warrant preservation by intrinsic merit and presumably would not have survived but for the fact that he was right on the bridge between post-classical and mediaeval learning. The Ethnica have never been widely used. An epitome of the work was made by one Hermolaus, perhaps a junior colleague of Stephanus himself.2 They are cited by Georgius
1 Codex 5&aKoarOaas. Coislin. 228 (see below): ZTre&VoV 'ypa1A/AartKoV
TaS

KUvTorravTrwovr6\Xeos;

Steph. Byz. p. 93.1f Meineke: Ebyivos 6 7rp6 Ji,Pv

On Stephanus see E. Honigmann,

iv r

in Real-Encycl.

faaCXiStL aXoX&as III.A.2 (1929),

2369 ff; on the Court Schools, Fritz Schemmel, Die Hochschule von Konstantinopel vom V. bis IX. Jahrhundert (Progr. Berlin, 1912); Fr. Fuchs, "Die hiheren Schulen von Konstantinopel im Mittelalter," Byz. Archiv vmII(1926); L. Br6hier, "Notes sur l'histoire de l'enseignement superieur a Constantinople," Byzantion III (1926), 73-94, iv (1927-28), 13-28.
2 Suidas E 3048: 'Ep/A6Xaos ypa1u.Lar&Kbs KcovPrTavrivov-r6Xeos ypp&^as Triv rT 'IovoLrtvLaYC T7ro7iJpiv TCrp 'eOYLKPV 2Sre0&1.OV -ypajLIyarLKoiO, rpocfwvrlieUlaav /taaLXeL. This notice probably came from Hesychius Onomatologus and would

thus date Hermolaus back in the 6th cent. The dedication to Justinian might belong equally to the epitome or the original work.

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Choeroboscus (6th cent.),3 Constantine Porphyrogennetus (10th cent.),4 and Tzetzes (12th cent.); 5 and they were used heavily by Eustathius and the Etymologi in the twelfth century. These seem to be the only references to them before the end of the fifteenth century, when a single surviving copy came to light, the archetype of the extant MSS. (see below). This copy contained only an epitome (perhaps not Hermolaus'), and that is almost all we have today. The original work, however, is represented by a unique fragment preserved in codex Coislin. 228 in Paris.6 This volume is composite, containing pieces from many manuscripts of various ages. Folios 116-122 (119 bis is a mutilated stub) are a quaternion of parchment from a twelfth century codex that contained the unabridged text of Stephanus' Ethnica. The fragment gives the end of Delta and the beginning of Epsilon, with a title for the latter: 2readvov ypaCl jLarTLKoo 7repi7ro6Xeo KvaTravrLvov7r6Xews, Tr KaLro7rwv, Tr KacEOvWv77tCOV v7awov KaI6o/Icovwulas arvTv Kat t?erovO2Tr<tavos

3 Georgius Choeroboscus, Onomaticum, 305.4 Hilgard: rabTr]s rijS 566s k rir 6 or& WYLKa& yp&aas, Kai r&vv rept yeyov6ros grpaeEv kv Tr TObrTOV roU The citation of Choeroboscus in Steph. Byz. 599.15 oiiVr 6v6.LaTros TeXvoXoyi. c 6ovo/artKO is probably interpolated (Honigmann, rewppyLosO XOLpofo00Kos' &c 7-

op. cit. [see note 1], 2371.34 ff), perhaps by Eustathius, who used Stephanus and Choeroboscus extensively. 4 Constantinus Porphyrogennetus De themnatibus II.58.14 ed. Bonn.: KaOAcs o
'ypaljuaTrLKos 2rTEav0os ypla0e;

cf. Meineke's

text of Steph. 'Icravla,

Byz. 566.20-568.6.

Meineke also incorporates material from Constantine into his text of Stephanus
s. w. B6rropos, Avppaxlov, OpK,Kv,'Iftpla, Kbrpos, MaKceovla, IIeHo-

where Constantine's notices, though fuller and anonymous, agree 7r6vv,qros, more or less with the epitome of Stephanus.
5 Tzetzes

Historiae

100 (Chil. lII.815 ff.): r,

7irepiviaowv 7r6XewvKal '6ricwv

Te l36lXcl, 2Xrkoavos 6 Bva',rtos o6 yp&aetirepl Tabrtjs (sc. 'HpaKXELias T7jS OpaKutKjs

r( II6'rqy. Confer. St. Byz. tis IIepilOov)), irepl tjs 'HpaKXetas b6 ,yp&ce& Tirs &' 303.16: 'HphKXeta 7r6XtsOp4Kfs Ev r4 I1Iovrc btao7tcros, a corrupt passage, as

Perinthus, called Heraclea in Thrace since the fourth century, is on the Propontis and quite different from the famous Megarean colony Heraclea on the Pontus. The fragment was edited separately by Sam. Ten Nuyl in 1669, Abr. Berkel in 1674, Jac. Gronovius in 1681. Montfaucon printed it again from the original MS. in Bibl. Coisliniana (1715), 281f. It has since been included in the editions of the epitome, pp. 240.12-259.3, Meineke. I photographed the eight leaves in Paris in November 1936.

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TrKal ro7rLKWV &OvLKWv KaL KKT7TLKjCKV evrevOev ,/aaLas, KalrT7v rapryyuevYwv 6vodaTrwv. The full work, or at least a fuller form than ours,

was used by Const. Porphyrogennetus. The citation by Tzetzes also can scarcely depend on our epitome, which is en-

titled merely EKT'V

OvLK^v 2 reaCvou. E or roTrLKwjV

Eustathius and the Etymologi, on the other hand, used essentially the same epitome that we have. Eustathius cites the GOvLKa or the &ovLKoypa&4oS frequently in his commentaries on Homer and Dionysius Periegetes. It was long supposed that he had a fuller form of the work, but Knauss in 1910 showed that this was not the case.7 The fVLKLA are also cited in certain scholia or interpolations in Suidas 8 that go back to Eustathius. For they are found in an original form in codex Marcianus 448 in Venice, which contains Suidasin Eustathius' own hand.9 This large paper codex was originally in two volumes, according to the primary signatures of the quires. Folios 216-223, a quaternion first signed a, later K0, contain Suidas Na'&a . . . 'Oav with marginalia citing or 6 avaypal/at,uevosra eivMKa. There are no mar6 eOvLKo'ypa&os in other parts of the codex, and as they are confined ginalia
7Wilhelm Knauss, De Stephani Byzantii ethnicorum exemplo Eustathiano (Diss. Bonn, 1910). 8A. Adler in Real-Encycl. Iv.A.1 (1931), 676.37-49, 684.29-60. 9 S. Peppink, "De autographis Eustathianis cum codice Suidae comparatis,' Mnemos. LX (1933), 423f; P. Maas in Byz. Zeitschr. xxxiv (1934), 165; xxxv (1935), 305-307. There are four codices extant in Eustathius' own hand (E. Martini, "Eustathianum," Rhein. Mus. LXII [1907], 273-287), two of which are of paper (Paris. 2702, Marc. 448). This fact is important for the history of paper, since few if any paper volumes so large as these are so early. The handwriting also is of a character familiar from the 13th cent. rather than the 12th. These Eustathian MSS. therefore deserve paleographical study.-P.S. Maas' conclusions regarding the Eustathian annotations in Suidas and identity of hand in Marc. 448 have been impugned by Adler, Suidae Lexicon v (1938), 255, 267-74. See also Maas in Byz. Zeitschr. xxxvi (1936), 29; xxxvIII (1938), 488. I am still inclined to agree with Maas. The annotations were added later by the first hand in Marc. 448 and their extent seems to depend on the structure of the codex. The MSS. of Suidas are so contaminated that textual evidence of independence does not hold. However two autographs are extant of the commentary on the Odyssey, and there might have been two of Suidas also.

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to the first quire of the second volume they would seem to be primary in this codex. The form of the citations is also characteristic of Eustathius. Marc. 448 is therefore the archetype of the MSS. of Suidas that contain these marginalia and
Eustathius is the author of these citations of the
EOvLKa.

The history of the Etymologica has been worked out thoroughly by Reitzenstein.10 The epitome of Stephanus was an important source for two different compilations of the twelfth century, the so-called Etymologicum Magnum and Symeon's Etymologicum. Both incorporated articles from the Ethnica anonymously and through these channels material from Stephanus was wide-spread in later Byzantine learning, particularly in Pseudo-Zonaras' or Tittmann's Lexicon. It is remarkable that during the entire Middle Ages the epitome of Stephanus was used only by Eustathius and these Etymologi, all contemporary. The fact is emphasized by parallels. The Dionysiaca of Nonnus were used by Eustathius and the Etym. Magnum (280, 9 ff), but elsewhere only by Max. Planudes (ca. 1300), who owned the sole codex in which they have survived." The Etym. Genuinum, now preserved in only two MSS., was also used by Eustathius and the two Etymologi, and Eustathius and the so-called Etym. Magnum both call the Genuinum ro6i'ya 7ErvUoXo7yKOv.12 We may infer that Eustathius and the Etymologi used the same library in Constantinople. After Eustathius the Ethnica of Stephanus are not mentioned again, to my knowledge, until 1491, when Janus Lascaris, sojourning in Padua, on the way to Greece to buy books KCaTo for Lorenzo de' Medici, found a copy of 2redavov TOTrLKwV Calfurnio. Giovanni of the in the library aorotXVov professor
Not
1897).
12

OWVLKWV irlromn appears long after 2;rEd&wov Reitzenstein, Geschichte der griechischen

in a list of
(Leipzig,

10Richard

Etymologika

1 R. Keydell in Real-Encycl. xvii.1 (1936), 916.52-917.5. Reitzenstein, op. cit. (see note 10), 252 n. 2. Eustathius
in his scholia on Suidas also.

cites T6 ie,ya

iV/UOXO'7K6v

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books borrowed by Lascaris from the Medicean library itself.l3 The famous savant must have expressed high expectations of the newly discovered work, for it enjoyed a brief initial popularity that can have been based only on unfamiliarity with it. Within a decade it attained its editio princets, and eighteen extant MSS. apparently fall in the interval.14 Before turning to the classification of the MSS. it will be well to review the printed editions, noting especially how far they have exploited the sources of the text. Unfortunately the first edition by Aldus at Venice in 1502 was printed from an inferior member of the inferior class of MSS. The edition of 1521 from the Juntine press in Florence was a mere reprint of the Aldine. Two Latin translations were produced in the middle of the century, both unpublished, by Benedict Aegius in MS. Vatic. Lat. 5734 (apograph in Barberini Lat. 115) and by Xylander in his autograph MS. Barberini Lat. 159. Xylander's edition at Basle in 1568 contains only the Greek text based solely on the Aldine edition but considerably emended. The first to resort to MSS. of Stephanus was Salmasius in 1608, who collated the two Palatine codices (PQ) at Heidelberg in a copy of Xylander's edition preserved in the University Library at Leiden "ex bibliotheca Isaac Vossii." These collations were used by Holsten and Berkel. Lucas Holsten was working on all the Greek geographers about 1625-1630. He produced a Latin translation of most of the text of Stephanus, preserved in MSS. Barberini Lat. 174
13See the documents published by K. K. Miller in Zentralblattfur Bibliothekswesen I (1884), 389, 409. Compare also the entry in an anonymous catalogue published by P. Kibre, The Library of Pico della Mirandola (1936), 294, No. 1138: Compendium Stephani de gentibus et locis vel gentilibus locis. These notices all derive from the title and colophon found only in the six best MSS. 14 The editio princeps of the Etym. Magn. (Venice, 1499) contains interpolations from Stephanus (Reitzenstein, op. cit. [see note 10], 220); and one article ('EXaia) is found among the published scholia on Dionysius Periegetes (C. Mi. i II.455.a.37). This scholion derives from cod. Paris. Miller, Geogr.Graec. 2708 (early 16th cent.), in which lacunae in Eustathius' commentary are supplied by excerpts from Strabo and Stephanus (G.G.M. In.xxxiii; Am. Journ. of Phil. LVII [1936], 128f).

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and 319, and also a valuable commentary preserved in an interleaved copy of Xylander's edition in the Laurentian Library in Florence (Acquisti e Doni 141). This commentary was published without the text by Theod. Rycke in 1684 (re-issued in 1692).15 In addition to Salmasius' collation of the Palatine MSS. (PQ) it mentions a Vatican MS. (1294) ad vv. "Afapvos, 'AypavXrl (cf. Atiuva). The next edition after was Thomas de Pinedo in 1678 (re-issued in by Xylander's 1725). It included a Latin translation, an ample commentary and a collation (only as far as HaXLK/) by Jac. Gronovius, then MS. of the at Pisa, (II). The edition by Perugia professor in 1688 (re-issued in 1694). It was Abr. Berkel appeared based on a MS. lent by Is. Vossius (V) as well as on Salmasius' collation of the Palatine MSS. (PQ), and it carried as a supplement the collation of the Perugia MS. (I) by Gronovius, who refers also to a codex Maffei.'6 Over a century passed before another edition of Stephanus appeared. In 1820 Fr. Passow published a notice De Stephani Byzantii codice Vratislaviensi and in 1824 Variae Lectiones e codice Stephani Byzantii Rehdigerano. The discovery of this important MS. (R) was probably the occasion of Dindorf's variorum edition in four volumes at Leipzig in 1825. It reprinted Berkel's text with the prefaces, commentaries and collations of Xylander, Holsten, Pinedo, Berkel, Gronovius, and Passow. The edition by A. Westermann in 1839 is of little importance. The last and now standard edition was by Meineke in 1849. It was based on a re-collation of the Vossius MS. in Leiden (V) and the Rehdiger MS. in Breslau (R). One of the Paris MSS. (1413) was also inspected. A second volume of commentary was promised
15 Slight additions to Holsten's commentary are found in D'Orville MS. 63 in the Bodleian, published by J. D'Orville, Misc. Obs. Crit. Novae II (1741),

117-124 (Dindorf 1.673-678). 16Gronovius on Steph. s. vv. Hepovala, H[lepa, IIepaat (Dindorf

1.579).

collation of the first part of a "codex Ill. Maffei Romae", dated 8 June 1680, is found in Leiden, MS. Gronov. 115, fol. 49-51. The readings are worthless. The codex cannot be found. It may be identical with one of those listed below (Toledo, Zante?).

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but never published. The editorial work on Stephanus may be summarized thus: the text has been printed eight times,17 although several of the editions are mere reprints of their predecessors. Six MSS. have been used (Ald. PQIIVR) and three others noticed (Vatic., Maffei, Paris).18 A search through the catalogues of Greek MSS., old and new, in manuscript and in print, has brought to light eighteen MSS. of the epitome of Stephanus' Ethnica. All have been inspected directly for this study except five (Perugia, Toledo, Escorial, Zante, and Rosambo), for which inferences have been drawn from published reports and circumstantial evidence. For PQR complete microphotographs also have been used. P Q R Rome, Bibl. Vaticana, Palatinus graecus 57. Rome, Bibl. Vaticana, Palatinus graecus 253. Breslau, Stadtbibliothek, Rehdiger XXIII = S.I.3.18. Perugia, Bibl. communale, B 11. Venice, Bibl. Marciana, VII 52. Leiden, Rijks-Universiteit, Vossianus gr. fol. 20. Naples, Bibl. Nazionale, III.AA.18. Florence, Bibl. Laurenziana, IV 3. Colophon: 71 3tXos
aitrl tere'ypa&07 oveverlats &vaX\wiaLttep Trov ue'yiarovKVplov
7/.terEpov KVpLov Xavpevrlov&LAtIEr'E Arpeapvfivr pUfoov rov KprTOS6'
& iwavov XELpL

n
M V N

TreLarb rjs

X(pLrr)o9 oyevvOjacE

XLXLOTrw EvevPlKOrW) SevrUTpep' U- Ivos TreTpaKOoLoaT'r TpLaKoaTr7 TrpWTr?.

apTlov

17 Honigmann, op. cit. (see note 1), 2397, lists three more editions, by Conr. Gesner 1553, Th. Rycke 1684, Berkel-Gronovius 1725. Gesner merely included material from Stephanus in his Onomasticon propriorum nominum (Fabricius-Harles, Bibl. graeca iv.627). Rycke published only Holsten's commentary, without the text. I cannot find any copy of a third issue of BerkelGronovius in 1725. 18 B. Niese planned to edit Stephanus and collated several MSS. (PQIIV), but later gave up the project and surrendered his apparatus to Karl Boysen. See J. Geffcken, De Stephano Byzantio (Gottingen, 1889), 5 n.l; Bursian's Jahresbericht CLXIV (1913), 48. For more recent literature on Stephanus see Honigmann, op. cit. (see note 1), 2397-99. A notice has appeared in Gnomon xiv (1938), 336, that Dr. Ernst Grumach of Berlin is preparing a new edition.

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Venice, Bibl. Marciana, XI 12. Colophon: 0eovr6 &wpov,

6 Kataapos irovos rov
aorpaT1yoD.

Naples, Bibl. Nazionale, III.AA.17. Milan, Bibl. Ambrosiana, H 117 sup. Paris, Bibl. Nationale, grec 1412. Paris, Bibl. Nationale, grec 1413. Toledo, Chapter Library, 45-30. A. Martin, in Nouvelles archives des missions scientifiques II (1892), 263f. The three preceding were written in Florence by Michael Suliardos of Sparta. Paris 1412 is dated in 1486, Toledo 45-30 in 1496; but the dates are not trustworthy and the first is certainly wrong, as Suliardos was still in Greece in 1486. See E. Lobel, "The Greek MSS. of Aristotle's Poetics," Suppl. to Bibl. Soc. Trans. ix (1933), 56. Escorial, Real Bibl., 2.III.7. E. Miller, Catalogue des mss. grecs de la bibl. de l'Escurial (1848); A. Revilla, Catdlogo de los codices griegos de la biblioteca de el Escorial I (Madrid, 1936), 353 f.
Zante (Zacynthus),
Anruoaia \t6XLo68Kj. N.

A. Bees in

Revue de Philologie xxxv (1911), 340-343. Rome, Bibl. Vaticana, graecus 1294, fol. 249-279.

Only

the beginning, ending abruptly with KaXovuevov, p. 133.6

Meineke. Library of the Marquis de Rosambo, 401. H. Omont, Mss. grecs des departments (Paris, 1886), 72, does not give the title of the work in this MS., so that we are without a clue to its classification. All the MSS. are late, presumably of the end of the 15th century.'9 They fall into two groups according to the title:
(K rTV OvLKv areqavov Kcara e'r'rojiV

in the first six MSS.;

and reXos TLVrOTrLK&V aTeavov aTrefavov IvavrTov ir-pl rTO\bXe KaL 6Sjcow

19Some of the MSS. have been ascribed on doubtful authority to the 14th cent., but I believe that, as often happens, on reconsideration they will all prove to be of the late 15th cent.

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in the rest of the MSS. and the early editions. This division is confirmed in the text, e.g. at 19.14 and 120.5, where there are omissions common to the MSS. of the second group and the early editions, but to none of the six MSS. of the first group. The detailed classification is drawn in the following remarks on the individual MSS. It is based largely on agreements in errors, the evidence for which is assembled in a list of selected variants at the end. P, thin paper, 15 quinternions, 30 lines, 13 x 22 cm. (written space). In various portions of the text (pp. 1-22, 194-234, 373-456 Meineke) numerous blank spaces (fenestrae) of 5-15 letters were left by the first hand. The same fenestrae occur in QRMV also, but in P alone most of them have been supplied by a second hand (P2). At a later time the first leaf of the codex must have been damaged; for the outside sheet of the first quire (fol. 1 and 10) has been replaced by parchment and the text supplied on it by a third hand (P3), doubtless from the original leaves with secondary supplements, since the text on these leaves is complete where QRMV have fenestrae. There is a critical passage at the juncture between fol. 10 and 11 (p. 38.7). From a comparison with QR this
place must have read originally X/r' o-laobos atyav
7ro repo6evov.

P3 first wrote 7r-epi and then changed to 7rapar6 to agree with

because he did not understand ?ep6boEvov 7ro(7roraAbv).

N, paper thicker than in P, 17 quinternions and an extra bifolium at the end, 30 lines, 13 x 22 cm. N is a duplicate of P. The format is similar, with ample exterior and interior margins, and the handwriting seemed to be the same, although I judged from memory. The text of N agrees constantly with PP2 against QR, but also with <P'>QR against P3(2.8, 4.6, 38.7). It is apparently an apograph of P after the revision by P2 but before the repair by P3. If pl and N are the same hand, P2 must have been immediately connected, perhaps as supervisor.-N is a full-fledged member of the larger group and the early edicomprising the MSS. entitled 7repi7r6Xewv

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tions, which also agree constantly with PP2 against QR.20 If N is an apograph of P, it must be the archetype of this whole X/ 'rapa alyav irore group. At 38.7 N first wrote oaio8os
pepo6uevov and

then changed

to (kepooiev^v to agree with atyav

because he too did not understand wro. The reading cepoouivrnv introduced here occurs in the early editions and presumably in all the 7repl 7rbXeovMSS. The new title 2TEcANOT must have been taken BTZAN TIOTHEPI HOAE2NKAI AHMS2N from the citation by Tzetzes quoted above (note 5). The term fPv3avrTos, used by Tzetzes in verse, is inexact for KWVTravrLvoV7r6oXeo.

II, paper, 176 leaves. Gronovius' collation is the only information available regarding its text, but that is sufficient to show that it agrees with PP2 against QR. At 10.17 the in I originated in a peculiar ligature in absurd reading 'yop6rov yopoiov in P. Moreover II agrees with P3 against <P1>NQR at 2.8, 4.6, 38.7. It must therefore be a mere apograph of P in its present state of revision and repair by P2 and P3. Q, thick paper without watermark, KE quaternions, 30 lines, 13 x 20 cm. The fenestrae common to P1QR remain open in Q; but at the beginning a few peculiar fenestrae and omissions have been supplied by a second hand or the first hand at a KaLa&Xjwas omitted in fenestra by later writing. At 2.2 cWs and Kai was supplied by a much &aX?7 Q2 (Wcs only supplied Q1, later hand). At 6.18 n),aiv was likewise omitted and supplied in fenestra. M, thick paper without watermark, 166 leaves in quinternions and quaternions, size of page irregular. M is a duplicate of Q. The material and the handwriting are almost identical and the text agrees in the smallest details. Since the agreement covers Q2as well as Q', M must be an apograph of Q.
op. cit. (see note 10), 257, says the codex of Stephanus used by Symeon Etymologus often agreed with that used by Aldus; but I can find little agreement between Aldus and Symeon against the MSS. of Stephanus. Such as occurs may well be due to revision by Aldus' editor. Cf. Steph. Byz. 90.5 vs. Sym. 267.18 Reitzenstein.
20 Reitzenstein,

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V, paper without watermark, 29 quaternions, 29 lines, 13 x 23 cm. I have used Meineke's report of its text. It agrees constantly with QQ2M against PR, but has many peculiar errors and omissions of its own (193.12, 211.4, 417.6-16, 481.10). It is therefore a derivative of Q. R, paper, 22 quaternions, 30 lines, 13 x 22 cm. There is no revision like that in PQ. R frequently preserves the true reading where PQ have errors and omissions in common, so that it must be independent of the immediate archetype of PQ. R is scarcely superior to PQ, however, as it has a large crop of errors and omissions of its own.

P
N

/4\
I

Q
M V

I
All but three of the inspected MSS. of Stephanus' Ethnica, as well as the early editions, are thus secondary, being derived from extant sources. The three primary MSS. are PQR. From these must be reconstructed an archetype to be compared with the testimonia in Eustathius and the Etymologica. The format of the archetype seems to be reflected in the consensus of PQR, all of which have a page of 30 lines, 13 x 20/22 cm. (written space). The title and subscription are the same in all three, as quoted above. The text is divided by initial 3 Uera Tro a, rov pw oaroLXetov, letters, apXq rov a, TroV etc., and subdivided by second letters, rov , etc. Within the fueiTT subdivisions the articles are written consecutively, but the
subdivisions often begin on new lines (ia, fe, {r7, to, )v). This

system, which is common in lexica, is not carried out rigorously, nor do the three MSS. agree in what they give of it. There is also a division into books indicated in PIIR (not in QN). This is more important, as it must go back to the original

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unabridged work. There are titles for books /-Xs at intervals as far as Omicron, where the series is discontinued except for
two puzzling titles in Tau, fLBXlov a and apx4 jBSBXtou j?.21

At the beginning of Chi (676.9) there was a fragment of another epitome of the ECOLK&, briefer and different from the one we have. This fragment occurs in PQ as well as R, from which Meineke prints it. There was a good deal of tachygraphy in the archetype, reproduced or variously expanded in PQR: 2.8, 38.6, 82.7, 82.8, 87.9, 88.7, 374.9, 483.1, 493.15, 494.26, 495.7, 712.8, etc. There were three large lacunae of several pages at 372.10,
413.7, 495.14.22 PQ left the rest of the quire blank for the

first lacuna, but failed to notice the other two, as R did all three. Quotations from the missing portions are found in the testimonia. Accidental omissions of phrases, lines, or even whole articles also can in a few cases be supplied from the testimonia.23 Since its primary text was defective where Eustathius and the Etymologi had an intact text, the immediate archetype of PQR cannot have been Eustathius' own codex, as one might suppose from the fact that several of Eustathius' own codices are preserved. The most striking and problematical feature of the archetype represented in its derivatives is the large number of fenestrae mentioned above. They are 5-15 letters in length and occur chiefly in certain portions of the work (pp. 1-22, 194-234, 373-456), though a few occur elsewhere. Most of them are common to all three MSS., but the exact ambit often varies. In P alone most of them are supplied by a second hand, which also corrects the text in other places. This revision cannot be entirely conjectural, since its supple21 See

Honigmann, op. cit. (see note 1), 2379. P omits books Xa and X/I.

22 In the 16th cent. there was a rumor of a codex of Stephanus that did not have these lacunae (Jos. Scaligeri Epistulae [Frankfurt, 1628], 724f). 23Reitzenstein, op. cit. (see note 10), 264.5, 265.19, 330, 331.1; Knauss, op. cit. (see note 7), 105-109; Honigmann, op. cit. (see note 1), 2377.35.

At the beginning of Tau P has the title &pxxi ro r L3\Xlova. R separates the words gLgX\tOv X and places them ahead of the article vupaKovaau.

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Tradition of Stephanus Byzantius

345

ments are sometimes confirmed by QR or the testimonia (199.18, 205.10, 230.5). On the other hand it is improbable that a second MS. was available, since there is no other trace of such a MS. and some of the fenestrae remain unsupplied. The best hypothesis seems to be that the archetype was damaged, perhaps by water, at these fenestrae, and that the reviser of P was able by special effort to salvage more of the text than the scribes had done. At the same time there may be a considerable element of conjecture in this secondary revision in P. x The following variants were chosen to illustrate the relations of the MSS. and do not present a continuous collation. They are referred to Meineke's text. PP2NAP3II, QQ2MV, and R are cited as fully as possible, and when their readings are not given it is because they were not available. II was collated by Gronovius with an early edition, so that it may be assumed ex silentio to agree with PNA. The Aldine text (A) represents the derivatives of N. Symeon's Etymologicum (E) is quoted from Reitzenstein, op. cit. (see note 10), 262-69. Readings that presumably diverge from the archetype are marked as errors (t) or conjectures (*). Fenestrae are represented by dashes: - 1.3 arTL R. KVpLOV NAP3QV, KVpLOV 1.4 KalIro6Xl tNAP3, 6 Tr

Q in ras. MV, 6 iro R.-

1.5 &taasa&al NP3IIR, afla a0laL

1.7 KTr7TLK6V ... EOVLKOV .. . KTTrLK6v 6OVLK6V tNAP3, *AQV. QVR. - 1.9 Kal AP3R, om. tQMV. - 2.1 aLU6rTs Kal AP3Q2, a(T.----

Qt, aL6irls Kal R. - 2.2 ds Kal aXfa NAP3, om. in fen. Ql, aX#%1
tantum suppl. Q2, ds Kalom. ante aX^qr MV, cs Kata R. - 2.4
aXvafiios AP3R, aXsi#. Kal tQV. - 2.6 &fatTrL XLs WK. NAP3I, Trots 4aK. QV, aEal TiroXs (v qwK. R. - 2.7 irp6 TOV AP3R, &aaL 2.7 eanr 6b tNAP3, CarTKal QVR, cf. 2.9, rap' avrov tQV. 89.13, 485.17. - 2.8 ?ipcsxP tP3aI, 0p1' N, ipw6Lavos AQR, cf. 31.5. - 2.9 Kal NAP3Q, b6 R, cf. 2.7. - 3.7 r6 6e rEVKp6S *AP3,

om. in fen. QMVR.-3.9

Kvplov

AP3, om. in fen. QMV,

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R. - 3.9 afavprTov etrxwptov AP3R, afaavrtas tQV. - 3.18 atrerXwv tNAP3II, ?ebrirXWV QR. - 4.6 ro om. tP3II, hab. NAQR.-4.10 ueLU4n QVR. - 5.18 yap PA, om. QVR.uEuCrls tNAP3, 6.5 KalPR, Kal Q, hab. M, om. AV, s *Holsten, cf. 374.9, 433.4,
712.8. 6.14 ovoerTeps
8B air?

7 A,

--------r

P, op

OV6erTpoS

aivr, suppl. p2, --------.Tr PAR, aiLwpv tQV.-6.17, -

tQV, ------ e avi;r R. - 6.16 a&flot 7.12 yaXaKr. PAR, 7yXaKr.*QV.

6.18 ftaovp om. sine fen. tPA, in fen. Q1, suppl. Q2, hab. MVR.
8.8 KOTrbXVrvvaaos om. in fen. P'QVR, suppl. p2, hab. A.8.10
P1, Tkra. aXX' avros suppl. P2, hab. A, om. in fen. R, 5v----- Q. - 8.12 'xp'aaro om. in fen. pl, suppl.

8.9 e7rx7,uraTe qolwo om. in fen. P'R, suppl. P2, hab. A, Cr----QV. n -----

P2, hab. A, Ix----- T Q, ------ro R. - 8.15 vavKXavXurirs, Kal tPII, vv KXavTtirTsKal A, VavKpaTLs *QV, YaVKXavrTR. - 9.21 &irrom. in fen. P'R, suppl. P2, hab. A, -----apxxr tQMV. ararTTs - 9.21 opvuua P'AII, opvuov P2 in marg. QV, O6prilovR. - 10.1 Kal *PAII, om. in fen. QR. - 15.7 avrta PAR, avTva tQMV. 15.7 r6 OVtLKoV a/KCapaTls P2A, om. in fen. PI, ----- rTs QMVR. - 15.10 6' elvaL opvylas P2A, 6' oiv---- P1QMV, '----- R.
15.13 TrpLAepeZi*PA, TpLt --- QM, rpt--o-i/OVVTLos hab.

V(?)R.

17.9 4n7o om.

in fen. PII, sine fen. AR, hab. *QV. om. tNA

19.14 aXXa .....

21.9 bexerat .....

17

PIIQMVR, 31.5 ip8' ,& TOVa- ---P1, &ypvXi'atv hab. PAQ, om. tR.av suppl. P2, rOpwbav6s v TrpTrn av\aXapi bLtaT ev a .aL. A, v as QV, , pwavs ?pc6jrls &LaTOV at v a avXa 1&& I TOV R. al 38.6 7r a'yav eYas Xey" rpwotavos lrepl Oepopbevov

et al. -

P3 et PI sed rapa TOP3 corr., Xje/l rapa aityav roreT e?p6ouevov N

sed

r 7rapd&

4epouAVer7v corr., X&yerat Trap& altyav rTOTr qepopivrlv A, X Cyet atyav irori qepo6.evov HI, XT ' a'lyav Trora/AOv 4epO6Ievov Q,

aiLyav7ro' epo6/,evov Xeyeraatrapa alyav rora/biv 4epo,/Aevov V, X, 7repl E. - 81.18 R.--81.2 /tbaKVcs tPA(V?), /Ltuaebs QR, /lbaes
'rapa PAR, ~repi Q. -

*PA, a/uo( Q, QV, a/.aOat7r Ko' R, om. E. - 82.8 a&uorTepcwv auoi oP R, &atooTrepwev E. - 83.3 xwptov tPA, xcpa QVRE. 84.1 7retofrov *PAE, lrtLkTov QR. - 84.11 Tr6XIs4a'Lts PA, &atls ro6Xts tQ, E'oetov *AE. QR, 4iaaLs aaatos E. - 84.13 ev PR, cevOeLa

82.7 a/m0AaOatrwv KP

PA, &aaOal TrXflvvTLKi S

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Tradition of Stephanus Byzantius

84.19
Tala

347
Kal ZTLoaPAlI,

84.15 X'XyovaLt tPA, Xy7eL QVR. aTrpLKaS

TacaL Katl

TaLvYa PQVR, QV, rTatac Kal Ztaoa R. - 84.21 laTpLKOS *AE. - 86.5 or6XLs tPAQR, roTafJio E. - 86.8 paKe6OVLKI)

PA, -K< QV, -Kv R, cf. 490.9, 494.26. - 86.13 ' a&ubp'yv avrTrv aVritv V, 5' PA, 6' I|,u6prv avrtlv expl. inc. vers. Q, be 6pLopV-tv E. voTLa 86.17 Kal a,vr,v R. cS Fs KorvTiEV a&Lop'yirrv tPAQR, R. aLtreXL a/u7reXLrTc -87.9 Q, ajiTreATaL V, aLiUreXiTrlv PAII, 88.7 r-i .. roXLrelaPA, Trc.. 7roXl QR. - 89.13 /t PAQ, Kal R, TO cf. 2.7. -89.14 rXLs Kal E. q 7r6XlS *PA, 7 7r6XLt 7 tQVR,
90.20
7rapaKEL/,IEVOL PAQE, TrpLK.

R. -90.20

rapay',yws

PAQVE, rapayw'y
RE.-

tR. -

90.21

CK alt.

loc. om. tPAQV, hab.

91.5 a&ucl/rp6o7rt tPAQR, a&uLrpo7rrLvE. - 120.5 ort 6 o-ropov hab. PIIQVR, om. tNA et al. - 172.3 opov&avas ..... tPAQV, 6povaI as R, opova -sE. - 179.18 rT6XL tPAQRE, TroXrTL *Schubart. - 185.19 pperoTtia tPQR, fprTroTrla tA, /pETTla E. 192.3 'KEV PAQ, x {XOe R. - 193.15 O7XLKOV PAQV, evOelas R. om. in fen. tPAQ, -194.1 'K PAQV, a7r R. - 194.20 btovoaLos hab. R. - 194.21 3aaapapLv,v tPQ, ?aaapapLKWv *A, aoaaapLKgv
R. 194.22 XLVorTlxEa R, --- reLXea tPAQV. 194.23 KXavaoToioL

R. PQ, KXWaTrolo

194.23 recXos PAR,

---xos QV. -

195.2 &s

PA, --s QV, EVpos R. - 197.2 6Laterol7KLXTau PA, 5La7ro7rcaot KiTXOa R. - 198.2 KaTalu .v ..... KcarTa om. QV, a& TO irerOLKLXO\aL

tPAQ, hab. R. - 199.18 yapyr7Ta.---- P1QV, yapyrfnirOevKal 5 P2AR, om. in fen. Kal R. 199.19 o6TperaL P2A, yapYLTir7Oev P', o------ QV. - 199.21 Kc tPAQV, vs R, cf. Athen. 77 D.200.9 cos TreyearTsPAQ, om. tR. - 201.8 appwv, PAQC, aKpwv hab. PAQ, om. tR. - 202.19 QaR. - 202.1 6La Tr)v uErra3oX7v, Xtyvpw)v PA, rrTvrOro PAQV, IXXvplJvtR. - 203.24 TrrT7rWTO QV, L yepv7vw P2AR Eust. 231.28, R. - 205.10 &avOeoevi,r TrTVTUTro L Pl(vw) QV. - 205.11 wcs av0eO aXLos -----v aXLes P2A, Ws----- ev
P'QV, cs
TO aXLos a&Xevs R. -

206.10

KLOaptletv PA

Eust.

in

Dion. Per. 304, KaOapLelvvQVR. - 206.14 v56vPAQV, 6 i& R, 71br, *Meursius. - 207.5 7r6 Trov 'y7n yaZaom. in fen. P1QV, hab. AR. 209.6 P2, rapoov PAQ Eust. 327.35, om. tR. suppl. ..... -210.18 om. tPAQ, hab. R. - 211.9 aioXets reppat%ovs KTrLOelaa 'yop'yvtvs PA, yop'yovevs QV, yopyopevs R.--211.14

348
PAQV,
Kria/ia

Aubrey Diller
R. --

[1938

214.13 a/zXKX ---pa8as plQ, adiLKXoaTrob R. - 230.5 P2, ai/ LKcX1rovs XPpasa, A, auLt ----palaa --- QV. - 334.1 1io7rt77T ovo,CaaOelaa P2AR, 6 X6yos --- P1, 6 6voluo tPA, to7rtTrls, 'K 6' roV lO6rea &ia 6o" iOTrei'l QR. - 334.2 6La 65e loTreITr7S Kait IOTreS tPA, lOTrEu Kal LoTrElTrS QVR. - 368.20 Xapa,as

373.18 Cao7rn tPAIIQV, 374.9 Kal tPAQ. s R, cf. 6.5. - 433.4 480.16 eleEL 7ro P2, om. in fen. plQ, tPAIIQV, etirlaL TroratOs *A, eLalo-troraFos R Eust. 369.25. - 481.7 LXLITrIraV6ovtLosPAR, 7rav8lovos lrtKiv hab. PAQ, om. tR.-482.3 7ravaavias i PAQ, iravaavias 6qXot R.--483.1 tQV.-483.1 tR. - 483.3 aXoos om. tPA, hab. QVR. 0?7XvKwS PAQ, 0flXvKOV - 483.5 lipvOijval tPAQR, lSpv0evEust. 270.14. - 485.6 4oovobom. tPA, hab. QVR. - 485.17 Kal PAQ, S6 R, cf. 2.7.IAevos 487.4 &XetLs *PA, aXe QVR. - 489.3 OXtLoroXlr7s *PA, 06XfloTroXmLTLK QVR. -490.7 alaubov *PA, ao-tou QVR. - 490.9 LaKE6VoLKQ, -KW V, cf. 86.8. - 490.18 Trepi caKLKOVLKOlS PAR, PA Eust. 594.28, r' Q, Trapa R, cf. 81.18. -490.20 aKapvavwv -493.13 cKaraZos gKaraTos ireptltyr P, *PA, aKapvaaaiv QVR. repL?1R Eust. 290.25. E7r&'r7 s KTrav R. A, eKaTov Trep7I^yolaeWo Q, eKa Trepl'yoT7aet R, cf. 495.7.Y71etL 493.15 7repi PA, 7r'Q, 7rapa R, cf. 81.18. - 494.17 opyoUevatos - 494.26 /aKe6OVLK^PvtPAQV, -KOi? R, cf. tPA, 6pya/uaZos QVR. 495.2 o5 P2AR, om. in fen. P'QV. - 495.7 eKaraZos 86.8.7!' 1.0 lr p T I I (4WI ?r~pl~lYqb~L I PA, ~Kdl PA, K'a'rov Ecpcw tQV, eKC 7rEP7l7 evpwrps evpco 7WrepioQy-a,eL ..... cyCahab. TrepLr'y/aeLR, cf. 493.13. - 538.21 &aroXXwvos 7rapaPAQ, a7r6 R. - 550.6 arrol roV7r tPA, aurTQVR. - 550.13 'yeyovEvaL tPA, 'eveaOra QVR. - 551.17 aaX/tyol P2AR, ua---PIQ. 551.18
apa3iLKwv apXaLoXo'yla

6 Kal .....

&aoav om. tPAQ, hab. R. -

PAQ, om. tR. -

549.14 7rap&PA, aro sic Q,

7rap&

a7r6

R.-

549.20

PA,

apat3iK^s apXaLoXoylas

Kai aapsoaatos *PA, om. QR. - 556.17 Kai QVR.--556.15 ..... Kal rpwoLas cap5tav6s om. tPA, hab. QVR. - 638.16 wrap&
hab. PAQ, om. tR. 712.8 Kal AXXaVLKOS tPAQV, S EXXV rLKWV R,

cf. 6.5.