Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Objectives
Understand Physics of speed no-load instabilty Understand U d t d relation l ti between b t runner geometry t and d stability Improving stability and operation range of reversible pump turbines. Tool: CFD with OpenFOAM
Grunde Olimstad
Contents
Introduction to pump-turbines pump turbines Characteristics Geometry Case Setup Results Discussion Conclusion
Grunde Olimstad
Intro
Reversible pump-turbines are Francis-type machines designed to work as both turbine and pump Best methode for storing large amount of energy Economic driver to increase operating range Speed no-load instabilty can occure at low head.
Grunde Olimstad
Characteristics
Non dimensional numbers:
Hydraulic machines are characterized h t i d by b the th flowrate(Q), fl t (Q) speed of rotation(N) and total pressure(H). Two commonly used non-dimensional numbers: Dimensionless flow; Qed RPTs have steeper characteristics than Francis turbines.
Q D 2 gH nD D gH
Dimensionless speed; N ed
Grunde Olimstad
Geometry
Low specific speed RPTs have a nearly 22 dimensional area at the inlet. 2D-calculations sufficient to investigate the inlet angle. Francis RPT
Grunde Olimstad
Geometry 3D ->2D
Two approaches; 1. Projection j to p plane z=0 2. Conformal mapping
Grunde Olimstad
Geometry
The chosen way to transform from 3D to 2D is; Keep the first half of the blade as the projected or conformal. Adjust the second half to get homologous velocity diagrams. Keep the diameters constant
Grunde Olimstad
Grunde Olimstad
10
CASE SETUP
Number of Cells Average Yplus Max Skewness Average mesh nonorthogonality g y 64 000 70 3.45
5.3
Grunde Olimstad
11
Case Setup
Mesh created in Gambit Rotor and stator in two parts. FluentMeshToFoam MergeMeshes, flattenMesh and stitchMesh
Grunde Olimstad
12
Case Setup
Boundary Condition:
Inlet
Velocity K profile1DfixedValue, Ur, Ut
3 k U 2I 2 2
I is turbulence intensity y
Epsilon
k C
3/ 2
3/ 4
Grunde Olimstad
13
Case Setup
MRFSimpleFoam (1.5-dev) Frozen F rotor t Perfect matching of rotor and stator cells, which are stitched together Every rotor-blade-tip in the same position relative to guide vanes vanes.
Grunde Olimstad
14
Results
Grunde Olimstad
15
Results
Grunde Olimstad
16
Results
Original data is more irregular, so a curve fit is applied to each line. Grunde Olimstad
17
Discussion
Losses depends on how the flow meets the blade at inlet.
Grunde Olimstad
18
Discussion
-What What differs the geometries? Hydraulic power(i.e. power(i e H) divides on blade torque and losses:
g QH Tz losses l
First analyzis shows small variations in torque. Indicates that differences in H can be explained by losses.
Grunde Olimstad
19
Conclusion
OpenFOAM shows good accuracy to analyze geometry differences. differences Can distinguish at least 0.1 degree blade variation Difficult to draw a clear conclusion about the steepness of characteristics around speed no-load.
Grunde Olimstad
20
Aknowledgments
Thanks to advisors; D Bj Dr. Bjarne B Brresen (E (Energy Norway) N ) Prof. Torbjrn Nielsen (Norwegian University of technology and science)
Grunde Olimstad