Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
REVISION NOTICE
This document supersedes the Proton Launch Vehicle User’s
Guide - Revision 3, Issue 1 dated February 1997
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
PREFACE
The Proton Mission Planner’s Guide is intended to provide information to potential Customers and spacecraft
suppliers, concerning spacecraft design criteria, Proton launch capability, available mission analysis and custom
engineering support, documentation availability and requirements, and program planning. It is intended to serve as an
aid to the planning of future missions but should not be construed as a contractual commitment.
The units of measurement referred to in this document are based on the International System of Units (SI), with
English units given in parenthesis and all identified dimensions shown should be considered as approximate. In the
event that one or more dimensions are critical to a specific payload intregration or processing operation, the SC
Customer should obtain accurate dimensions from International Launch Services (ILS).
This Guide will be updated or revised periodically. All comments and suggestions for additional information are
hereby solicited and will be greatly appreciated.
Those Customers wishing to receive revisions and updates to this manual, or who wish to submit comments or
suggestions, are asked to kindly contact:
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
REVISION HISTORY
Revision Date Revision No. Change Description Approval
Section 2
• Proton M fairing dimension update
• Launch history update and corrections
• Failure/Corrective Action update
Section 3
• Addition of Proton K/Block DM
performance with use of standard kerosene
Section 4
• Ground Ops Instrumentation measurement
capabilities update
• Updated Proton LV radiated emmissions
• Updated flight instrumentations capabilities
• Updated flight loads environments
• Updated flight acoustics
Section 6
• Updated Proton/BlockDM usable fairing
envelopes with standard adapters
Section 7
• Updated Mission Integration schedule
• Updated analysis, meetings and
documentation schedules
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
FOREWORD
International Launch Services (ILS), is pleased to offer one of the most capable commercial launch vehicles, and the
most comprehensive launch services, available today. The Proton’s services are now available to worldwide Customers
at a most competitive price.
ILS is the exclusive marketing agent for commercial sales of the Proton launch vehicle worldwide, and is supported in
its operations by full access to the incomparable technological expertise of its parent companies; Lockheed Martin
Corporation (LMC), Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center (KhSC), and Russian Space Complex
Energia ( Energia). ILS provides customers with a single point of contact for all mission analyses, custom engineering,
and launch support tasks involved in using the Proton launch vehicle. Both individually and collectively, the members
of the ILS team are committed to providing the most cost-effective launch services available in the world-from initial
program planning to successful spacecraft launch.
This document provides performance, environments and interfaces for Proton vehicles that have already been qualified
to manage payloads up to 4.8 mt in mass. For SC exceeding 4.8 mt, parameters referred to in this document should be
considered as PRELIMINARY and will be further defined/refined considering the geometry, mass properties and
other physical characteristics of a particular spacecraft.
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................... II
FOREWORD ...............................................................................................................................................IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................ V
LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................................................XI
LIST OF FIGURES......................................................................................................................................XI
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1-1: ILS LAUNCH SERVICES CHARTER ...................................................................................................... 1-1
FIGURE 1.1-1: ILS CORPORATE PARENTAGE .......................................................................................................... 1-2
FIGURE 1.1-2: ILS/LKE TASK PARTITIONS ............................................................................................................ 1-3
FIGURE 1.2-1: LAUNCH EXPERIENCE ..................................................................................................................... 1-4
FIGURE 1.3-1: BENEFITS TO THE SPACECRAFT DESIGNER AND OWNER................................................................ 1-5
FIGURE 1.4-1: PROTON LAUNCH VEHICLES FLIGHT PROVEN HARDWARE .............................................................. 1-6
FIGURE 1.6-1: PROTON K AND M MAJOR HARDWARE ELEMENTS ......................................................................... 1-9
FIGURE 1.7-1: PROTON K/BLOCK DM MAJOR HARDWARE ELEMENTS................................................................ 1-12
FIGURE 1.7-2: PROTON DM UPPER STAGE WITHIN ITS AERODYNAMIC SHROUDS .............................................. 1-13
FIGURE 1.7-3: BLOCK DM AS IT APPEARS IN FLIGHT.......................................................................................... 1-14
FIGURE 1.8-1: PROTON M/BREEZE M MAJOR HARDWARE ELEMENTS ................................................................ 1-16
FIGURE 1.8-2: BREEZE M (WITH AUXILIARY PROPELLANT TANK) ....................................................................... 1-17
FIGURE 1.8-3: THE BREEZE M AND BREEZE M CORE AS THEY APPEAR IN FLIGHT............................................ 1-17
FIGURE 1.9-1: PROTON K AND M PAYLOAD FAIRINGS ......................................................................................... 1-19
FIGURE 1.9-2: BLOCK DM PAYLOAD FAIRING FOR SINGLE SPACECRAFT ............................................................ 1-20
FIGURE 1.9-3: BREEZE-M PAYLOAD FAIRING (STANDARD) FOR SINGLE SPACECRAFT ....................................... 1-21
FIGURE 1.9-4: BREEZE M PAYLOAD FAIRING (LONG) ..........................................................................................1-22
FIGURE 1.10.1-1: OVERALL LAYOUT OF THE BAIKONUR COSMODROME .............................................................. 1-23
FIGURE 1.10.1.2-1: BUILDING 92A-50 SPACE VEHICLE PROCESSING FACILITY ................................................... 1-24
FIGURE 1.10.2-1: PROTON LAUNCH CAMPAIGN FOR 92A-50 ............................................................................... 1-26
FIGURE S-1: TANK COMPONENT FABRICATION AT KHRUNICHEV USES AUTOMATED MACHINING CENTERS ........ S-1
FIGURE S-2: FIRST STAGE PROPELLANT TANK AUTOMATED WELD-UP ................................................................. S-1
FIGURE S-3: FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD STAGE SUB-ASSEMBLIES AWAITING INTEGRATION.............................. S-2
FIGURE S-4: PROTON INTERSTAGE COMPONENT FABRICATION ............................................................................. S-2
FIGURE S-5: FIRST STAGE BUILD UP ON PROTON FIXTURE................................................................................... S-3
FIGURE S-6: INTERSTAGE JOINING SECOND AND THIRD STAGES ........................................................................... S-3
FIGURE S-7: RD-253 HIGH-PRESSURE ENGINE ON THE FIRST STAGE EXTERNAL FUEL TANK ............................ S-5
FIGURE S-8: PROTON FINAL ASSEMBLY HALL AT KHRUNICHEV ............................................................................ S-5
FIGURE S-9: ASSEMBLED FIRST STAGE SHOWING HOLD DOWN POINTS AND AFT END SERVICES
CONNECTORS .................................................................................................................................................. S-6
FIGURE S-10: END-TO END TEST OF ASSEMBLED PROTON AT KHRUNICHEV FACTORY ....................................... S-6
FIGURE S-11: THE BLOCK DM UNDERGOING FINAL ASSEMBLY AND TESTING AT THE ENERGIA PLANT IN
KOROLEV, NEAR MOSCOW............................................................................................................................... S-7
FIGURE S-12: THE COMPLETED BLOCK DM STAGE, BEFORE ATTACHMENT OF THE EXTERNAL SHROUD ........... S-7
FIGURE S-13: FINISHED BLOCK DM STAGES IN THEIR AERODYNAMIC SHROUDS, AWAITING SHIPMENT TO
BAIKONUR ....................................................................................................................................................... S-8
FIGURE S-14: PROTON STANDARD COMMERCIAL PAYLOAD FAIRING EXTERNAL VIEW .......................................... S-8
FIGURE S-15: PROTON STANDARD COMMERCIAL PAYLOAD FAIRING INTERNAL VIEW........................................... S-9
FIGURE S-16: BREEZE M STAGE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS IN MANUFACTURE ................................................ S-9
FIGURE S-17: BREEZE M CORE STAGE MANUFACTURING .................................................................................. S-10
FIGURE S-18: BREEZE M AVIONICS BAY ASSEMBLY ............................................................................................. S-10
FIGURE S-19: BREEZE M STAGE FINAL ASSEMBLY .............................................................................................. S-11
FIGURE S-20: SPACECRAFT ARRIVAL AT BAIKONUR.............................................................................................. S-11
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FIGURE D1.4-1: ELECTRICAL DISCONNECT FORCE PROFILE FOR A SINGLE 37 PIN ELECTRICAL
CONNECTOR ............................................................................................................................................... D1-12
FIGURE D1.4-2: PURGE CONNECTOR FORCE DIAGRAM (TYPICAL).................................................................. D1-13
FIGURE D2.2.1-1: SPACECRAFT AND ADAPTER INTERFACE RING CROSS SECTION ............................................ D2-2
FIGURE D2.2.2-1: CAPABILITY OF 1194AX ADAPTER SYSTEM - SC MASS VS LONGITUDINAL C.G. (TBC)......... D2-4
FIGURE D2.3-1A: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BLOCK DM COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH 1194AX X 625MM
ADAPTER ...................................................................................................................................................... D2-6
FIGURE D2.3-1B: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BLOCK DM COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH 1194AX X 625MM
ADAPTER (SHEET 1 OF 4).............................................................................................................................. D2-7
FIGURE D2.3-1C: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BLOCK DM COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH 1194AX X 625MM
ADAPTER (SHEET 2 OF 4).............................................................................................................................. D2-8
FIGURE D2.3-1D: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BLOCK DM COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH 1194AX X 625MM
ADAPTER (SHEET 3 OF 4).............................................................................................................................. D2-9
FIGURE D2.3-1E: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BLOCK DM COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH 1194AX X 625MM
ADAPTER (SHEET 4 OF 4)............................................................................................................................ D2-10
FIGURE D2.3-2A: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BREEZE M STANDARD COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH
1194AX X 625MM ADAPTER ....................................................................................................................... D2-11
FIGURE D2.3-2B: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BREEZE M STANDARD COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH
1194AX X 625MM ADAPTER (SHEET 1 OF 4) (TBC) ................................................................................... D2-12
FIGURE D2.3-2C: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BREEZE M STANDARD COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH
1194AX X 625MM ADAPTER (SHEET 2 OF 4) (TBC) ................................................................................... D2-13
FIGURE D2.3-2D: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BREEZE M STANDARD COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH
1194AX X 625MM ADAPTER (SHEET 3 OF 4) (TBC) ................................................................................... D2-14
FIGURE D2.3-2E: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BREEZE M STANDARD COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH
1194AX X 625MM ADAPTER (SHEET 4 OF 4) (TBC) ................................................................................... D2-15
FIGURE D2.3-3A: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BREEZE M LONG COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH
1194AX X 625MM ADAPTER ....................................................................................................................... D2-16
FIGURE D2.3-3B: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BREEZE M LONG COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH
1194AX X 625MM ADAPTER (SHEET 1 OF 4) (TBC) ................................................................................... D2-17
FIGURE D2.3-3C: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BREEZE M LONG COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH
1194AX X 625MM ADAPTER (SHEET 2 OF 4) (TBC) ................................................................................... D2-18
FIGURE D2.3-3D: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BREEZE M LONG COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH
1194AX X 625MM ADAPTER (SHEET 3 OF 4) (TBC) ................................................................................... D2-19
FIGURE D2.3-3E: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BREEZE M LONG COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH
1194AX X 625MM ADAPTER (SHEET 4 OF 4) (TBC) ................................................................................... D2-20
FIGURE D2.4-1: ELECTRICAL DISCONNECT FORCE PROFILE FOR A SINGLE 37 PIN ELECTRICAL
CONNECTOR ................................................................................................................................................D2-22
FIGURE D2.4-2: PURGE CONNECTOR FORCE DIAGRAM (TYPICAL).................................................................. D2-23
FIGURE D3.2.1-1: SPACECRAFT AND ADAPTER INTERFACE RING CROSS SECTION ............................................ D3-2
FIGURE D3.2.2-1: CAPABILITY OF 1666V ADAPTER SYSTEM - SC MASS VS LONGITUDINAL C.G. (TBC) ........... D3-4
FIGURE D3.3-1A: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BLOCK DM COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH 1666V X 1000MM
ADAPTER ...................................................................................................................................................... D3-6
FIGURE D3.3-1B: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BLOCK DM COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH 1666V X 1000MM
ADAPTER (SHEET 1 OF 4).............................................................................................................................. D3-7
FIGURE D3.3-1C: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BLOCK DM COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH 1666V X 1000MM
ADAPTER (SHEET 2 OF 4).............................................................................................................................. D3-8
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FIGURE D3.3-1D: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BLOCK DM COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH 1666V X 1000MM
ADAPTER (SHEET 3 OF 4).............................................................................................................................. D3-9
FIGURE D3.3-1E: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BLOCK DM COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH 1666V X 1000MM
ADAPTER (SHEET 4 OF 4)............................................................................................................................ D3-10
FIGURE D3.4-1: ELECTRICAL DISCONNECT FORCE PROFILE FOR A SINGLE 61 PIN ELECTRICAL
CONNECTOR ............................................................................................................................................... D3-12
FIGURE D4.2.1-1: SPACECRAFT AND ADAPTER INTERFACE RING CROSS SECTION ............................................ D4-2
FIGURE D4.2.2-1: CAPABILITY OF 1666A ADAPTER SYSTEM - SC MASS VS LONGITUDINAL C.G. (TBC) ........... D4-4
FIGURE D4.3-1A: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BLOCK DM COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH 1166A X 1150
ADAPTER ...................................................................................................................................................... D4-6
FIGURE D4.3-1B: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BLOCK DM COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH 1166A X 1150
ADAPTER (SHEET 1 OF 4).............................................................................................................................. D4-7
FIGURE D4.3-1C: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BLOCK DM COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH 1166A X 1150
ADAPTER (SHEET 2 OF 4).............................................................................................................................. D4-8
FIGURE D4.3-1D: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BLOCK DM COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH 1166A X 1150
ADAPTER (SHEET 3 OF 4).............................................................................................................................. D4-9
FIGURE D4.3-1E: USABLE VOLUME - PROTON/BLOCK DM COMMERCIAL FAIRING WITH 1166A X 1150
ADAPTER (SHEET 4 OF 4)............................................................................................................................ D4-10
FIGURE D4.4-1: ELECTRICAL DISCONNECT FORCE PROFILE FOR A SINGLE 61 PIN ELECTRICAL
CONNECTOR ............................................................................................................................................... D4-12
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1.6-1: PROTON K AND PROTON M CHARACTERISTICS COMPARISON ........................................................... 1-8
TABLE 2.2-1: SUMMARY PROTON PERFORMANCE (PSM) TO REFERENCE ORBITS ................................................ 2-1
TABLE 2.2.2-1: ALLOWABLE LAUNCH ENVIRONMENT CONSTRAINTS ..................................................................... 2-3
TABLE 2.3.1-1: TYPICAL BOOSTER ASCENT EVENT TIMES ....................................................................................... 2-5
TABLE 2.3.2-1: TYPICAL BLOCK DM ATTITUDE MANEUVERS FOR GEOSYNCHRONOUS MISSION (90O EAST
LONGITUDE) ..................................................................................................................................................2-12
TABLE 2.4.1-1: LAUNCH VEHICLE MISSION PECULIAR HARDWARE ..................................................................... 2-14
TABLE 2.5-1: PROTON BOOSTER PERFORMANCE TO LOW EARTH ORBITS (DIRECT INJECTION, NO
UPPER STAGE)................................................................................................................................................ 2-15
TABLE 2.6.1-1: PROTON K/BLOCK DM PERFORMANCE TO REPRESENTATIVE GEOSYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER
ORBITS............................................................................................................................................................2-18
TABLE 2.6.1-2: PROTON K/BLOCK DM THREE-BURN MISSION PERFORMANCE TO REPRESENTATIVE
GEOSYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER ORBITS ..........................................................................................................2-18
TABLE 2.6.1-3: PROTON K/BLOCK DM PARAMETRIC GEOSYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER PERFORMANCE DATE
(2 BURN MISSION) .........................................................................................................................................2-20
TABLE 2.6.1-4: PROTON M/BREEZE M PERFORMANCE TO REPRESENTATIVE GEOSYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER ORBITS
.......................................................................................................................................................................2-21
TABLE 2.6.1-5: PROTON M/BREEZE M PARAMETRIC GEOSYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER PERFORMANCE DATA
(CONFIGURATION 3).......................................................................................................................................2-22
TABLE 2.7-1: BLOCK DM UPPER STAGE ORBIT INJECTION ACCURACIES .............................................................2-23
TABLE 2.7-2: BREEZE M UPPER STAGE ORBIT INJECTION ACCURACIES ..............................................................2-23
TABLE 2.8-1: UPPER STAGE ORBIT INJECTION ACCURACIES, OPTION I................................................................2-24
TABLE 2.8-2: UPPER STAGE ORBIT INJECTION ACCURACIES, OPTION II ...............................................................2-24
TABLE 2.8-3: UPPER STAGE ORBIT INJECTION ACCURACIES, OPTION III..............................................................2-24
TABLE 2.9-1: FORMAT I - PRELIMINARY STATE VECTOR DATA PROVIDED FOLLOWING UPPER STAGE
1ST BURN.........................................................................................................................................................2-26
TABLE 2.9-2: FORMAT II - TRANSFER ORBIT PARAMETERS FOLLOWING UPPER STAGE 1ST BURN........................2-26
TABLE 2.9-3: FORMAT III - PRELIMINARY VECTOR DATA AT SEPARATION EPOCH ...............................................2-27
TABLE 2.9-4: FORMAT IV - VECTOR DATA AT SEPARATION EPOCH.......................................................................2-27
TABLE 2.9-5: FORMAT V - STATE VECTOR DATA AT SEPARATION EPOCH .............................................................2-28
TABLE 2.9-6: SPACECRAFT SUPPLIED SEPARATION DATA .....................................................................................2-28
TABLE 3.1.1-1: 3σ AMBIENT TEMPERATURES AT THE BAIKONUR COSMODROME................................................... 3-1
TABLE 3.1.1-2: SPACECRAFT THERMAL ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................................... 3-2
TABLE 3.1.4-1: GROUND HUMIDITY ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................. 3-7
TABLE 3.2.1-1: GROUND CONTAMINATION ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................... 3-8
TABLE 3.4.1.1-1: GROUND LIMIT QUASISTATIC LOAD ENVIRONMENT-TRANSPORTATION AND HANDLING
OPERATIONS .................................................................................................................................................. 3-10
TABLE 3.4.4-1: SHOCK LOADS DURING TRANSPORTATION IN SC CONTAINER..................................................... 3-21
TABLE 3.4.5.1-1: ACOUSTIC TEST REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................. 3-23
TABLE 3.4.5.2-1: SINE TEST REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................................... 3-23
TABLE 3.5.2-1: LAUNCH VEHICLE RF CHARACTERISTICS FOR PROTON K/BLOCK DM (TBC)............................ 3-25
TABLE 3.5.2-2: LAUNCH VEHICLE RF CHARACTERISTICS FOR PROTON M (TBC) ............................................... 3-25
TABLE 3.5.2-3: LAUNCH VEHICLE RF CHARACTERISTICS FOR BREEZE M (TBC) ............................................... 3-26
TABLE 4.2.1.7-1: INSTRUMENTATION QUANTITIES AND LOCATIONS FOR GROUND OPERATIONS ........................ 4-27
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TABLE 4.2.1.7-1: INSTRUMENTATION QUANTITIES AND LOCATIONS FOR GROUND OPERATIONS (CONTINUED) ..4-28
TABLE 4.2.1.7-2: INSTRUMENTATION QUANTITIES AND LOCATIONS FOR FLIGHT EVENTS (TYPICAL).................. 4-29
TABLE 4.2.1.7-2: INSTRUMENTATION QUANTITIES AND LOCATIONS FOR FLIGHT EVENTS (CONTINUED)............ 4-30
TABLE 4.2.1.7-2: INSTRUMENTATION QUANTITIES AND LOCATIONS FOR FLIGHT EVENTS (CONTINUED)............ 4-31
TABLE 4.2.3-1A: C-BAND RF LINK CHARACTERISTICS ......................................................................................... 4-42
TABLE 4.2.3-1B: KU-BAND RF LINK 1 CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................. 4-43
TABLE 4.2.3-1C: K-BAND RF LINK 2 CHARACTERISTICS ..................................................................................... 4-44
TABLE 4.2.3-1D: KU-BAND RF LINK 3 CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................. 4-45
TABLE 5.1.5.1-1A: BASELINE MEETING SCHEDULE FOR NON-RECURRING PROGRAM ......................................... 5-5
TABLE 5.1.5.1-1B: BASELINE MEETING SCHEDULE FOR RECURRING PROGRAM .................................................. 5-6
TABLE 5.2-1: ILS DELIVERABLE SCHEDULE FOR A RECURRING AND A NON-RECURRING PROGRAM................... 5-9
TABLE 5.2.2-1: DESIGN REVIEW ANALYSES .......................................................................................................... 5-10
TABLE 5.3-1: CUSTOMER DELIVERABLE SCHEDULE FOR A RECURRING AND A NON-RECURRING PROGRAM ..... 5-12
TABLE A.1-2: PROTON 50-LAUNCH MOVING AVERAGE .........................................................................................A-2
TABLE A.2-1: PROTON LAUNCH RECORD SUMMARY (1970-1998).........................................................................A-3
TABLE A.3-1: PROTON LAUNCH HISTORY ..............................................................................................................A-4
TABLE A.3-1A: PROTON LAUNCH HISTORY (CONTINUED).....................................................................................A-5
TABLE A.3-1B: PROTON LAUNCH HISTORY (CONTINUED).....................................................................................A-6
TABLE A.3-1C: PROTON LAUNCH HISTORY (CONTINUED).....................................................................................A-7
TABLE A.3-1D: PROTON LAUNCH HISTORY (CONTINUED) ....................................................................................A-8
TABLE A.3-1E: PROTON LAUNCH HISTORY (CONTINUED).....................................................................................A-9
TABLE C3.1-1: SC MASS PROPERTIES ..................................................................................................................C3-9
TABLE C3.1-1A: SC MASS PROPERTIES NEAR 0G .................................................................................................C3-9
TABLE C3.1-1B: SC MASS PROPERTIES NEAR 1G .................................................................................................C3-9
TABLE C3.1-1C: SC MASS PROPERTIES(DRY SPACECRAFT) ..............................................................................C3-10
TABLE C3.1-2: DESCRIPTION OF LIQUID MASSES ..............................................................................................C3-11
TABLE C3.2-1: SC RF CHARACTERISTICS ..........................................................................................................C3-16
TABLE C3.2-2A: LVIJ1 UMBILICAL PIN ASSIGNMENTS ......................................................................................C3-18
TABLE C3.2.2B: LVIJ2 UMBILICAL PIN ASSIGNMENTS.......................................................................................C3-20
TABLE C3.5-1: EGSE DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................................C3-22
TABLE C3.5.1-1: SC CONTRACTOR ELECTRICAL GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT (CONTINUED) .....................C3-23
TABLE C3.5.1-1: SC CONTRACTOR ELECTRICAL GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT (CONTINUED) .....................C3-24
TABLE C3.5-2: FLUIDS/GASES REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................C3-25
TABLE D1.2.1-1: SPACECRAFT AND ADAPTER INTERFACE RING CHARACTERISTICS .......................................... D1-1
TABLE D1.4-1: SEPARATION SPRING CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................... D1-11
TABLE D1.5-1: STANDARD ELECTRICAL CONNECTORS .................................................................................... D1-14
TABLE D2.2.1-1: SPACECRAFT AND ADAPTER INTERFACE RING CHARACTERISTICS .......................................... D2-1
TABLE D2.4-1: SEPARATION SPRING CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................... D2-21
TABLE D2.5-1: STANDARD ELECTRICAL CONNECTORS..................................................................................... D2-24
TABLE D3.2.1-1: SPACECRAFT AND ADAPTER INTERFACE RING CHARACTERISTICS .......................................... D3-1
TABLE D3.4-1: SEPARATION SPRING CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................... D3-11
TABLE D3.5-1: STANDARD ELECTRICAL CONNECTORS .................................................................................... D3-13
TABLE D4.2.1-1: SPACECRAFT AND ADAPTER INTERFACE RING CHARACTERISTICS .......................................... D4-1
TABLE D4.4-1: SEPARATION SPRING CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................... D4-11
TABLE D4.5-1: STANDARD ELECTRICAL CONNECTORS .................................................................................... D4-13
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kg Kilogram(s) mA Milliamps
KhSC Khrunichev State Research and Production MDRD Module-Level Design Requirements
Space Center Document
kHz Kilohertz MECO Main Engine Cutoff
km Kilometer(s) MES Main Engine Start
kN Kilonewton(s) MGSE Mechanical Ground Support Equipment
kPa Kilopascal(s) MHz Megahertz
kV Kilovolt(s) MICD Mechanical Interface Control Drawing
L MIL-STD Military Standard
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RAAN Right Ascension of Ascending Node SQEP Software Quality Evaluation Plan
RCS Reaction Control System SQP Sequential Quadratic Programming
R&D Research and Development SRB Solid Rocket Booster
RDX Research Department Explosive SRF Strategic Rocket Forces
RF Radio Frequency SRM Solid Rocket Motor
RM Room SRPSC State Research and Production Space Center
Roi Return on Investment SRR System Requirements Review
RP-1 Rocket Propellant 1 (Kerosene) Sta Station
RSA Russian Space Agency STC Satellite Test Center
RSC Rocket Space Complex STDN Spaceflight Tracking and Data Network
RSC Range Safety Console STM Structural Test Model
RSF Russian Space Force STS Space Transportation System
RTS Remote Tracking Station SVPF Space Vehicle Processing Facility
S T
s Second(s) tar Tape Archive (File Format)
S/A Safe and Arm TBD To Be Determined
SAEF Spacecraft Assembly and Encapsulation Facility TBS To Be Supplied
SASU Safe/Arm and Securing Unit T&C Telemetry & Command
SC Spacecraft TC Telecommand
SCAPE Self-Contained Atmospheric Protective Test Conductor
Ensemble
SCA Spacecraft Adapter TCD Terminal Countdown Demonstration
SDP Software Documentation Plan TCO Thrust Cutoff
SDRC Structural Dynamics Research Corporation TDRSS Tracking and Data Rela Satellite System
sec Seconds TIM Technical Interchange Meeting
SEPP Systems Effectiveness Program Plan Tlm Telemetry
SFC Spacecraft Facility Controller TLS Tandem Launch System
SFTS Secure Flight Termination System TMM Thermal Mathematical Model
SHA System Hazard Analysis TRM Tension Release Mechanism
SHU Space Head Unit TSB Technical Support Building
SIL Systems Integration Laboratory TVC Thrust Vector Control
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The management approach to the provision of these services has been developed to ensure efficient task completion,
with essential focus on Customer satisfaction. ILS functions as a prime contractor to manage all tasks associated with
the supply of the launch vehicle and associated spacecraft launch services, including all required liaison with various
United States, Russian, and other government organizations and agencies, as well as accommodation of any special
Customer requirements. ILS will support all spacecraft preparation activities, oversee the integration of the spacecraft
with the Proton, and conduct the spacecraft launch. The Customer need interact solely with ILS for full support in all
aspects of the launch.
System engineering
Mission planning
Interface data
Lockheed
Custom engineering
Martin
Insurance brokering
Corporation
Export license support
ILS Air transport brokering
Khrunichev
Host services and logistics support
SRPSC
Test planning/requirements
Spacecraft Integration and Test
RSC
Site GSE and consumables
Energia
Launch vehicle/adapter/fairing
Launch vehicle integration
Payload launch
Post launch data analysis
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
LM
Astronautics
ILS
This joint venture has been approved by both the U.S. and Russian governments. Lockheed Martin is the United States
leading company in all aspects of spacecraft/launch vehicle integration, launch vehicle design, development and
manufacture, and launch site operations. Khrunichev (along with its subsidiary, the Salyut Design Bureau) is the
Russian designer and manufacturer of the first stage, second stage, and third stage of the Proton space launch vehicle as
well as the Breeze-M and other upper stages. Energia is the Russian designer and manufacturer of the Block DM
fourth stage of the Proton, and is the largest producer of launch vehicles in Russia. ILS has access to all resources of the
constituent companies required to fulfill spacecraft launch campaign requirements.
Lockheed Martin, Khrunichev, and Energia all function as subcontractors, reporting to ILS, during the execution of a
Customer’s launch services contract. A memorandum of understanding (MOU) that delineates the responsibilities of
each of the companies is in place. (Figure 1.1-2) Constituent senior management of each of the companies have
approved the overall management approach for ILS, and are each represented on the ILS Board of Directors.
The personnel, hardware resources, and facilities needed to support customer launch programs are in place and ready
for immediate activation, as needed.
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
ILS personnel are responsible for all Customer interface activities, and for the coordination of all activities of the
constituent companies so that contract objectives are met. They are also responsible for all program system
engineering, custom engineering, mission analysis, program integration and program management, liaison with all
government agencies, and liaison with the world’s financial and insurance markets. Khrunichev is responsible for
manufacturing the Proton first, second, and third stages, manufacturing the Proton’s Breeze M fourth stage,
conducting mission analysis, and providing Baikonur services. Energia is responsible for manufacturing the Proton's
Block DM fourth stage, providing the Block DM timeline, dynamics, and other data for mission analysis, and
providing Baikonur services.
Customerliaison/report
Subcontract direction
ILS/LKE U.S. Government liaison
ILS, with access to the technological expertise and resources of Lockheed Martin Corporation, Khrunichev and
Energia, can provide all necessary resources required to support a spacecraft launch. ILS provides spacecraft Customers
with a single point of contact for all mission engineering and launch support tasks using the Proton launch vehicle.
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
The constituent companies of ILS have more spacecraft and launch vehicle expertise than any other organizations
providing launch services today. (Figure 1.2-1) Lockheed Martin has built more than half of all Western satellites
flown, and has designed, built and launched the Atlas and Titan launch vehicles, as well as the Agena and Centaur
upper stages, and the Polaris, Poseidon and the Trident strategic defense missiles. Khrunichev, in addition to designing
and building the Proton, is responsible for subcontract management for all of the launch vehicle subsystems.
Khrunichev personnel participate in all Proton integration and launch operations at the Baikonur Cosmodrome.
Khrunichev has also produced a variety of missile systems for the Russian government, as well as the Salyut, Mir, and
Almaz orbital stations, and several different orbital return capsule designs. Energia has provided all of the fourth stages
for the Proton from the inception of the program until 1999, and has also been responsible for significant subcontract
management. Energia is the designer and builder of the R-7 series of space launch vehicles, including the Soyuz and
Molniya launchers, of which more than 1300 have been launched to date. During the 1980’s they developed both the
Energia heavy lift launch vehicle and the Buran space shuttle, in addition to significant portions of the Mir space
station hardware. The constituent companies of ILS have the necessary expertise to successfully and efficiently support
any launch campaign.
Lockheed Martin
Titan I, II, III, , and IV launches
Atlas launches
Agena flights
Polaris/Poseidon/Trident launches
Space Shuttle launches
Mission analysis and system engineering
Khrunichev
200+ Proton launches
Mission analysis and system engineering
Spacecraft/launch vehicle integration
RSC Energia
Spunik, V ostok, Voskhod, Soyuz, Molniya launches
Proton fourth stage production
Spacecraft/launch vehicle integration
ILS provides full system engineering and mission analysis services and mechanical/electrical interface coordination.
The proven procedures for Proton launch vehicle operations, backed by personnel with extensive experience in these
procedures, provide for efficient and trouble-free launch campaigns.
The considerable lift capability of the Proton, combined with the multiple restart capability of both of the fourth
stages, provides the Customer with mission flexibility and maximized payload capacity to orbit. This results in unique
mission design options, including delivery of spacecraft directly to geostationary orbit by the Proton. Spacecraft apogee
fuel may be dedicated to extended mission life, because inclination reduction and orbit circularization are
accomplished by the Proton’s 4th stage.
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
The ability of ILS to meet the full range of Customer requirements guarantees each launch campaign will be
conducted to the Customer’s satisfaction. This approach to satisfying key requirements is shown in Figure 1.3-1. ILS’s
overriding concern in providing commercial launch services is the careful coordination of our company’s resources and
capabilities with the Customer’s detailed requirements, so as to allow ILS to tailor each launch campaign to meet the
individual Customer’s unique needs. This ensures that each campaign will proceed in an efficient manner toward a
successful, on-time launch to the precise orbit required.
Use of the restart capability of the Proton fourth stage for final orbit insertion
The Proton vehicle used for commercial launches can be provided in either a 3-stage or 4-stage configuration to meet
the needs of Low Earth Orbit and High-Energy launch missions. The 3-stage versions of Proton, designated Proton-K
and Proton-M, are designed to lift very heavy spacecraft systems into Low Earth Orbit. The 4-stage version of Proton,
using either the Block DM or the Breeze M upper stage, is designed to meet high-energy launch mission injection
requirements such as those for the Geosynchronous Transfer Mission. Multiple payload fairing and adapter systems are
available in order to accommodate most commercial satellite launch mission needs.
This section provides a general description of the Proton launch vehicle, summarizing the relevant capabilities of the
Proton-K/Block DM launch system and the Proton M/Breeze M launch system.
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
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The lower three stages of the Proton are produced by the Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center
(KhSC) plant in Moscow. Production of the Breeze-M stage is conducted by KhSC. Production of the Block DM
fourth stage is carried out by Russian Space Complex (RSC) Energia, also in Moscow. Production capacity for the
commercial Proton is approximately twelve vehicles per year.
General specifications for both versions of the Proton are similar. Overall height of the vehicle in either configuration
is approximately 61 m (200 ft), while the diameter of the second and third stages, and of the first stage core tank, is 4.1
m (13.5 ft). Maximum diameter of the first stage, including the outboard fuel tanks, is 7.4 m
(24.3 ft). The Block DM fourth stage, when present, has an external diameter of 3.7 m (12.1 ft). The Breeze M, when
present, has a diameter of 4.1 m (13.5 ft). Total mass of the Proton at launch is approximately 651,500 kg (1,524,000
lbm).
Maximum performance capability (Payload Systems Mass, or PSM) of the Proton in the configurations of principal
interest to Western customers, is as follows:
Proton K: Proton M:
These figures assume the use of the Standard Commercial Payload Fairings, and optimum event sequences. Specific
performance may differ from the performance cited, if:
a) Use is made of adapters or fairings differing in mass or other characteristics relevant to performance
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
A comparison of the characteristics of the Proton M/Breeze M with those of the Proton K/Block DM is shown in
Table 1.6-1.
Note: *Augmented First Stage Booster Engines have been used on the Proton Launch Vehicle since 1993.
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
P a yloa d
fair ing
P a yloa d
a d a p te r T h e thi r d st a g e i s equ i p p ed w ith on e
fi x ed s i ng l e-c h a m b er li q ui d p r o p ell a n t
ro c k et en g ine d evel o pin g 0 .6 M N th r u s t
4 4 .3 m
Th i r d s ta g e en g i ne, w i th f ou r g im b a l ed n o zz l es,
de v el opi n g 30 k N thr us t
4 .1 m ∅
(1 ) R D - 02 10
T h e s ec on d s ta g e is eq u ipp ed w i th f o ur
g im b a l ed s i n g l e-c h a m b e r l iq u i d
pr o p el l a nt r o c k et eng i nes d ev elo p i n g a
to ta l th r u s t o f 2 .3 M N
S e c o nd s ta g e
4 .1 m ∅
(4 ) - RD - 0210
Core
ox id i zer
ta n k
( 6 ) R D -2 5 3
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
The Proton M booster first stage improves on the current booster with a small reduction in overall stage mass. Mass
optimization results from modern manufacturing techniques and reduction in avionics system mass.
In addition to the structual enhancement, the RD-253 first stage engines are uprated. For performance purposes, rated
thrust on the engines of the first stage of Proton M is being increased by 7%. This enhancement is accomplished with
only a minor modification to the propellant flow control valves. This modification first flew as a mission-unique
enhancement on the Proton K that delivered the MIR space station core module in 1986. Engines incorporating this
change have undergone extensive additional qualification firings since then, in order to approve them for use in
standard production vehicles. Shipsets have already been produced and incorporated onto production Proton K
vehicles. To date, 65 Proton K's have been launched with the modified engines operating at 102% of rated thrust.
Eight Proton K vehicles have flown with the 107% engines. There have been no flight anomalies attributed to the
increased thrust engines.
The propellant feed systems of the first and second stages have been simplified and redesigned in order to reduce
propellant residuals in these stages by 50%, and a propellant purge system has been added to dump all residuals from
the spent first and second stages before they return to the earth's surface.
While a reduction in unusable propellants results in a performance gain, the primary rationale for the increased
utilization of propellants is to reduce the environmental effects of the impact of the first and second stages in the
downrange "land" jettison zones.
Modifications to Proton second stage include structural reinforcement of the forward portion of the stage, in order to
carry greater payload and aerodynamic loads, and minor structural weight reductions.
Modifications to the Proton third stage, include structural reinforcement of the aft portion of the stage in order to
carry greater payload and aerodynamic loads, and minor structural weight reductions.
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
For Proton M, the principal modification to the Proton K's first three stages is the incorporation of a digital flight
control system based on modern avionics technology. This digital system replaces the analog flight control hardware of
the Proton K, which, although it has achieved a high demonstrated reliability, is based on obsolete 1960's era
electronic designs. The new system eliminates the need to maintain a unique and limited production capability for
Proton K avionics, and allows for simplified control algorithm loading and test. It also enables greater ascent program
design flexibility with respect to vehicle pitch profile and other parameters. The system is being developed by the Mars
and Proton Control Systems Companies.
The self-contained inertial control system uses a precision three-axis gyro-stabilizer and a three-channel voting on-
board digital computer. The digital control computer resides on the Proton M third stage and controls the flight of the
first, second, and third stages.
The Block DM is optimized for multi-burn space transfer operations. Its main engine (model number 1lD58M)
delivers a vacuum thrust of 83.5 kN (1.88 x 104 lbf), is gimbaled to provide three axis control during powered flight
operations, and can be restarted as many as seven times during flight. The stage is 3.7 m (12.1 ft) in diameter, 6.28 m
(20.6 ft) in length, with an inert mass at separation of 2440 kg (5378 lbm) and a total propellant mass of 15,050 kg
(33,180 lbm). It is three-axis stabilized in unpowered flight by a storable bipropellant (N2O4/UDMH) attitude
control system, comprised of two "SOZ" (or "micro") thruster units located at the base of the Block DM. The fourth
stage can achieve a maximum of 1.5 rpm rotation at the moment of spacecraft separation. It should be noted, however,
that the Block DM can only rotate approximately +/-180 degrees from a "reference" orientation, due to limitations of
the stage's gyro platform; it cannot undergo continuous rotation. Guidance, navigation, and control of the fourth stage
are provided by a triple redundant digital avionics package, which can be ground commanded in flight, if necessary.
The Block DM equipment bay provides the payload adapter and electrical interfaces to the customer’s spacecraft. The
interface between the stage and its payload adapter is 2000 mm in diameter, allowing the Block DM to accommodate
large diameter payload adapters and a static bending moment about this interface of 11,000 kg-m. The Block DM
payload fairing is a two piece composite structure developed specifically to meet the volume and environmental
requirements of commercial spacecraft. Payload fairing usable volume geometry is provided in Appendix D of this
Mission Planner’s Guide.
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Payload
Fairing
Payload
(1) 11D58M
Forward fourth
stage shroud
(4) RD - 0210
Core
oxidizer
tank
(6) RD-253
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
6
1
1
2
628 0 mm 3
3
4 4
1. Equipment bay
2. O x idizer tank 490 0 mm
5 5
3. Fuel tank
4. Auxilary propulsion for attitude control
("SOZ " units) 6
5. Main engine
6. Middle and lower adapters (shrouds) 6
φ 3700 m m
φ 4100 m m
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
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The Breeze M upper stage is 2.61 meters in height and 4.0 meters in diameter, with an inert mass of 2,370 kg and a
total propellant mass of 19,800 kg. It consists of two main elements:
1) a core section (derived from the original Breeze K stage) that accommodates a set of propellant tanks, the
propulsion system, and the avionics equipment bay, and
2) a toroidal auxiliary propellant tank that surrounds the core section, and which is jettisoned in flight following
depletion. Use of an external drop tank substantially improves the performance of the Breeze M stage.
Figures 1.8.-2 and 1.8-3 illustrates the layout and dimensions of the Breeze M.
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Payload
Fairing
Payload
(1) 11D58M
Forward fourth
stage shroud
(4) RD - 0210
Core
oxidizer
tank
(6) RD-253
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
? 249 0 m m 1
1. E q u i p m en t B a y
2. C or e st a g e
4
3. A u x il ia r y pr o p ell a n t tan k
2610 m m
4. O x i d i z er ta n k
5. F u e l tan k 5
6. A u xil ia r y pr o p ul sio n f o r a tt it u d e c o n tr ol 6
7. M ai n e n g ine
7
? 4000 m m
Figure 1.8-3: The Breeze M And Breeze M Core As They Appear In Flight
The Breeze M uses nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) and unsymmetrical-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) as propellants.
Propulsion for the Breeze M consists of one pump-fed, gimbaled main engine developing 19.62 kN of thrust, four
"impulse adjustment thrusters" of 396 N thrust each for making fine corrections to the main engine impulse, and 12
attitude control thrusters of 13.3 N thrust each. The main engine can relight up to eight times per mission, and is
equipped with a backup restart system that can fire the engine in the event of a primary ignition sequence failure.
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
During two flights of the Phobos space probes in 1988 and three flights of the Breeze K on the Rokot in 1990, 1991,
and 1994 the main engine demonstrated up to five restarts in flight. Following minor modifications to adapt the engine
for the Breeze M, eleven main engines have been ground tested, some up to 6,000 seconds total burn duration. The
Breeze M attitude control thrusters were previously used on the Kvant, Kristall, Spektr, and Priroda modules of the
MIR space station, and are used on the Russian FGB and Service Module components of the International Space
Station.
The control system of the Breeze M includes an on-board digital computer and three axis inertial measurement unit.
It also incorporates GLONASS and NAVSTAR GPS navigation systems. Breeze M can perform preprogrammed
maneuvers about all axes during parking orbit and transfer orbit coast. The stage is normally three axis stabilized
during coast, but can be rotated at up to 2 degrees per second for thermal control. During powered flight the upper
stage attitude is determined by mission specific pitch, yaw and roll programs. Breeze M can perform separation of a
customer's spacecraft in either one of two modes:
1) attitude hold mode, during which the angular rates in relation to any of the coordinate system axes will not exceed
0.5 degrees per second, and the spatial attitude error in relation to the inertial coordinate system will not exceed 1
degree, or
2) spin-up mode, during which the stage can achieve a maximum angular rate with respect to the upper stage
longitudinal axis of 30 degrees per second, and the spin axis deflection from the upper stage longitudinal axis will
not exceed 0.05 degrees.
The typical Proton M/Breeze M mission profile is discussed further in Section 3 of this Mission Planner’s Guide.
The Breeze core structure provides the payload adapter and electrical interfaces to the customer's spacecraft. The
interface between the stage and its payload adapter is 2490-mm in diameter, allowing the Breeze M to accommodate
large diameter payload adapters and a static bending moment about this interface of 18,000 kg-m. The Breeze M stage
is encapsulated within the payload fairing, along with the customer's spacecraft, allowing loads from the payload
fairing to be borne by a short (600-mm) spacer ring attached to the Proton third stage equipment section, rather than
by the Breeze M. The Breeze M payload fairing is a derivative of the payload fairing currently in use with commercial
spacecraft on the Proton K/Block DM. Modifications consist of a redefined attachment geometry at the aft end of the
fairing; the attachment and separation hardware, however, is essentially unchanged from the current design. Payload
fairing usable volume geometry is provided in Appendix D of this Mission Planner’s Guide.
Figure 1.9-2 illustrates the standard commercial payload fairing for use with the Block DM upper stage, and either the
Proton K or the Proton M.
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure 1.9-3 shows the standard commercial payload fairing available for use with the Breeze M upper stage. The
usable volume of this fairing is comparable to that of the payload fairing for the Block DM. Figure 1.9-4 gives
dimensions for the long version of the Breeze M payload fairing. Use of this fairing results in a decrease in
performance to GTO of approximately 100kg.
3752 mm
1600 mm
300 mm 3000 mm
250 mm 30° 2840 mm 2150 mm
300 mm
250 mm
11970 mm
12650 mm
15882 mm
9047.5 mm 14562 mm
150 mm
150 mm
100 mm 100 mm
L = 2245 mm
1000 mm
250 mm
φ4100 mm φ4100 mm
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DM Upper Stage
DM Upper Stage
9 Fueling Area
Area 92 Processing Area
3
6
Proton LV
Processing Area 4
Area 95
Living Quarters
2
75 km
Legend:
Railroad
1 Road
Kranyi Airfield
1-2 24 km
Sir-Darya River 2-3 18 km
Baikonur Town 2-4 18 km
(Leninsk) 4-5 16 km
4-6 23.5 km
6-7 1.25 km
90 km 7-8 9 km
8-9 7 km
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Upon offload of the spacecraft and support equipment, ground handling equipment is available to place palettes onto a
properly configured series of rail cars for transportation to the payload processing facility. The aircraft offload/rail car
onload process can take up to 8 hours. ILS offers an environmentally controlled rail car for thermal conditioning of the
satellite transportation container.
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Following transition to the SVPF, Area 31 has been retained in a backup mode to support contingency and/or
processing “surge” commercial requirements. ICD’s for commercial spacecraft should continue to be written to
support this facility. Area 31 will continue to support Russian government payloads such as the SOYUZ manned
system.
In addition to the physical accommodations, enhancements have been made to the cafeteria services and utilities
infrastructure to better accommodate western launch crews. A water treatment plant is in operations 24-hours per day,
offering water purified to U.S. standards. Additional support services, such as recreation equipment, have also been
implemented.
ILS typically arranges for the accommodation of up to 30 customer and satellite contractor personnel per spacecraft
during the Baikonur launch campaign process, with each spacecraft campaign expected to last approximately 30 days.
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
L-30 days
L-11 » L-10 days L-16 » L-14 days L-13 » L-12 days L-17 days L-18 days
• Final Operations on Prepare SC
Checkout Fuel SC at Fueling Hall with
Spacecraft for Fueling &
• Transfer Payload to • Fuel Launch Vehicle Spacecraft SC Fuel Carts & Return to
Transfer to
Launch Vehicle 4th Fourth Stage Pyrotechnics Technical Assembly Hall
Fueling Hall
Stage Refueling Area
• Mate Spacecraft L-6 days L-5 » L-4 days L-3 days
Vertically To Launch
Vehicle 4th Stage • Prepare & Mate Payload • Proton Rollout from Integrated SC
• Tilt to Horizontal & Section with Launch Horizontal Building & Launch
Mate Fairing Vehicle • Install on Launch Pad Vehicle Test
L-9 » L-7 days • Checkout Electrical
• Test Transit Cable • Do General SC L-2 days
• Load Spacehead Unit Transport Payload Connections Checkout on
on Transporter Spacehead • Transfer Launch Vehicle Launch Pad Flight
To Launch Vehicle with Payload Section • General Testing & Readiness
Assembly Area onto Erector Transporter Preparation of SC Review
& Launch Vehicle
• Air Conditioning & L-1 » L-0 days
Batteries Charge
Hook-Up Countdown
• Electrical Tests of SC & Launch
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Additionally, a new liquid oxygen/liquid hydrogen high energy upper stage, to be used in place of the current
LOX/hydrocarbon Block DM or storable propellant Breeze M for some missions, is also under development.
Maximum performance capability of the improved Proton is expected to be as follows:
The above enhancements are currently projected to begin appearing in flight vehicles starting in the year 2001 and on.
Additional detail can be found in Section 8 of this Guide.
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
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PROTON
PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS
SLIDES
S-1
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure S-1: Tank Component Fabrication At Khrunichev Uses Automated Machining Centers
S-2
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure S-3: First, Second, And Third Stage Sub-Assemblies Awaiting Integration
S-3
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
S-4
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
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Figure S-7: RD-253 High-Pressure Engine On The First Stage External Fuel Tank
S-5
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure S-9: Assembled First Stage Showing Hold Down Points and Aft End Services Connectors
S-6
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure S-11: The Block DM Undergoing Final Assembly And Testing At The Energia Plant In Korolev, Near Moscow
Figure S-12: The Completed Block DM Stage, Before Attachment Of The External Shroud
S-7
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure S-13: Finished Block DM Stages In Their Aerodynamic Shrouds, Awaiting Shipment To Baikonur
S-8
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S-9
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S-10
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S-12
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Figure S-23: The Complete Proton Launch Vehicle Being Lifted Onto Its Transporter/Erector
S-13
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Figure S-27: Lift-Off Of The Proton K/Block DM Carrying A Commercial Communications Satellite
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2. VEHICLE PERFORMANCE
2.1 OVERVIEW
This section provides the information needed to make preliminary performance estimates for several variants of the
Proton family, into a variety of mission orbits. It is organized so as to provide the user with essential background
mission planning information; detailed performance tables and charts follow the text material.
Trajectory profile and operational mission characteristics of the Proton K and Proton M launch systems using the
Block DM and Breeze M upper stages are provided in the first sections of the chapter. Mission performance data,
guidance accuracy data, and upper stage attitude control capabilities are found in the last half of this section.
The production Proton K 4-stage vehicle is equipped with a large upper stage known as the Block DM. The Block DM
can place spacecraft into a variety of orbits including low, intermediate, and high Earth circular, geotransfer,
geosynchronous, sun synchronous, and inter-planetary trajectories.
The Proton M is presently completing development. Although identical in outward appearance to the existing Proton
K, it incorporates improvements to the avionics and structures of the first three stages. It also incorporates improved
engines that have been flying since 1996. The Proton M is capable of delivering 21.0 metric tons into a 200 km
circular, 51.6° inclination orbit. The Proton M/Breeze M will become available for commercial use in 2000. The
Breeze M storable propellant upper stage offers enhanced performance and operational capability and is described in
Section 1. Table 2.2-1 summarizes performance for Proton K, Proton M, Proton K/Block DM, and Proton
M/Breeze M to a range of mission orbits.
LEO (51.6 degrees) 19,760 kg (43,560 lb) 19,760 kg (43,560 lb) 21,000 kg (46,300 lb)
GSO 1,880 kg (4,145 lb) 1,880 kg (4,145 lb) 2,920 kg (6,435 lb)
GTO (1800 m/s from GSO) 4,350 kg (9,590 lb) N/A 6,220 kg (13,710 lb)
GTO (1500 m/s from GSO) 4,350 kg (9,590 lb) 4,910 kg (10,825 lb) 5,500 kg (12,125 lb)
Lunar 4,530 kg (9,987 lb) 4,530 kg (9,987 lb) 5,600 kg (12,345 lb)
Mars Transfer 2,940 kg (6,482 lb) 2,940 kg (6,482 lb) 4,800 kg (10,580 lb)
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure 2.2.1-1: The Baikonur Launch Site, Showing Available Direct Injection Inclinations
80 o
FLIGHT AZIMUTH: 22.5 o
INCL INATION: 72.7 o
C
A
SP
IA
BLACK SE N
A SE
A
ME
DI
TER
40 o
RAN
EA
N S
EA
BAIKONUR
COSMODROME
RE
D
(45.6o N)
SE
A
(TYURATAM)
20 o
0o o
20 0o 20 o 40 o 6 0o 80 o 100 o 120 o 140 o 160 o 1 80 o
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Payload fairing jettison times are constrained to occur so that fairing hardware will impact in designated areas. For
Proton K/Block DM and initial Proton M/Breeze M flights, fairing jettison occurs at approximately 342 to 344
seconds (121-125 kilometers altitude) into the flight. Free molecular heating is below 1,135 W/m2 for these cases.
The Block DM has many unique capabilities that can accommodate unique mission requirements. The heavy lift
capability of the Proton’s first three stages, coupled with the Block DM’s high performance, allows the placement of
spacecraft directly into their final orbits, reducing the size and complexity of spacecraft propulsion systems. The Block
DM’s multiple start capability, designed for up to 7 starts in flight (with 5 demonstrated to date), and a minimum 24-
hr orbital lifetime, can increase mission utility through unique mission design. Block DM orbital lifetime can be
extended through battery upgrades and other hardware modifications.
The Breeze M upper stage expands upon the capabilities enabled by the Block DM. The main engine of the
Breeze M can be restarted up to 8 times in flight and allows the stage to offer high precision placement of spacecraft
into orbit. With storable propellant, Breeze M orbital lifetime is limited only by available on board battery power and
is currently in excess of 24 hours. The jettisonable, toroidal propellant tanks offer significant mission design flexibility
and enable launch services to be offered for low and high energy delivery requirements.
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Figure 2.3.1-1 pictorially illustrates a typical Proton ascent into the standard parking orbit. Table 2.3.1-1 lists the time
of occurrence for major ascent events for a typical launch. The six Stage 1 RD-253 engines are ignited at
approximately T-1.6 sec. and are commanded to 40% of nominal thrust. Thrust is increased to 100% at T-0 sec.
Liftoff confirmation is signaled at T+0.5 sec. The staged ignition sequence allows verification that all engines are
functioning nominally before being committed to launch. The launch vehicle executes a roll maneuver beginning at
T+10 sec. to align the flight azimuth to the desired direction. The vehicle incurs its maximum dynamic pressure of
3,890 N/m2 (800 psf) approximately 65 sec. into flight. Stage 2’s four RD-0210 engines begin their ignition sequence
at 122 sec. and are commanded to full thrust when Stage 1 is jettisoned at 126 sec. Payload fairing jettison typically
occurs at 344.2 sec into flight, depending on spacecraft heating constraints. Stage 3’s vernier engines are ignited at 332
sec. followed by Stage 2 shutdown at 334 sec. Stage 2 separation occurs after six small, solid retro-fire motors are
ignited at 335 sec. into flight. Stage 3’s single RD-0210 engine is ignited at 339 sec. and burns until shutdown at 567.1
sec. The four vernier engines burn for an additional 10 sec. and are shutdown at 585 sec. After a 10 second coast, the
Stage 3 retro-fire motors are ignited and Stage 3 is separated from the upper stage or spacecraft. Figure 2.3.1-2 shows
the ascent vacuum instantaneous impact points and ground track. Figure 2.3.1-3 shows the ascent telemetry coverage
provided by the CIS ground stations. Figure 2.3.1-4 shows the times and values for the vehicle’s inertial velocity,
altitude, and dynamic pressure.
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Lift-off 0.57
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Separation
of 2nd stage Separation of payload fairing
T=335.12 T=344.2
Ignition No. 1 Ignition No. 2
V=4331.9 V=4340.5
Separation of 4th stage of 4th stage
H=148.11 H=157.7
of 1st stage nx=0.44 nx=0.9
nx=2.8/0.04 nx=0.9
T=126.73
q=0 q=0
V=1649.4
H=43.5
nx=3.6/0.4 Burnout Burnout and
Separation
q=3350 n =0.9 separation
of 3rd stage x
nx=1.7/0
T=589.0
V=7477.4
H=228.0
qmax nx=0.13/0
T=65 q=0
V=125.1
T= time (seconds)
H=10.5
V= velocity (meters per second)
nx=1.97
H= altitude (kilometers)
q=35265 L= horizontal distance (kilometers)
L = 310 L = 1985 q= dynamic pressure (Pa)
1750 x 6 = 10500 kN nx = axial acceleration at end of prior
stage/beginning of next stage
583 x 4 = 2332 kN
583 + 31 = 614 kN
83.5 kN 83.5 kN
Retro Retro
Figure 2.3.1-2: Typical Proton Booster Ascent Ground Track and Vacuum Impact Points
30
Stage 1 Jettison PLF Jett Option 1
L a ti t u d e , d e g r e e s
15
0
-15
Orbit Injection
-30
-45
-60
-75
-90
-180 -150 -120 -90 -75 -60 -45 -30 -15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 135 165
-165 -135 -105 120 150 180
Longitude, degrees
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Figure 2.3.1-3: Typical Ground Tracker Acquisition Times for Proton Ascent to the Support Orbit
U s s ur i c k ( U S K )
K o l p a s he v o ( K L P )
Dshusali (D Z h S )
Figure 2.3.1-4: Typical Proton Lower Ascent Altitude, Inertial Velocity, Acceleration, and Dynamic Pressure
Velo cit y ( m/s ec)
Alti tud e (k m)
c pres sure (N/m 2 )
Accel erat ion ( g)
Dynami
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Figures 2.3.2-1 and 2.3.2-2 illustrate a typical Block DM ascent into a geosynchronous transfer orbit. The Block DM
is delivered to the 200 km circular parking orbit with a 51.6-deg inclination. Once on orbit and separated from the
Proton third stage, the Block DM executes a 15-min duration maneuver to properly align its longitudinal axis for the
first burn. After the alignment maneuver, the Block DM enters into a stabilized flight mode. Twenty-five min after the
longitudinal alignment maneuver, the Block DM executes a 180-deg turn about the roll axis to compensate for
possible gyroscopic drift. This maneuver can also help with spacecraft thermal management. Forty min after the roll
maneuver, the Block DM reaches the first ascending node, and the two SOZ unit’s four 2.5-kg axial loading engines
begin a 300-sec burn to settle the stage’s propellants. After this settling burn, the main engine ignites, raising the
transfer orbit apogee to geosynchronous altitude. The first main engine burn lasts approximately 450 sec. After engine
cutoff, the Block DM executes another alignment maneuver to place the longitudinal axis in the correct orientation for
the second burn. The Block DM then enters stabilized flight for the approximately 5 hr and 15 min transfer required
to reach transfer orbit apogee. At approximately 2.5 hr into this transfer ellipse, another 180-deg rotation about the
roll axis is executed. After reaching the transfer orbit apogee, the Block DM initiates another 300-sec propellant
settling burn followed by a main engine burn of approximately 230 sec. duration to circularize the orbit and reduce the
inclination to 0 deg. The Block DM then commands spacecraft separation 14.8 ±0.05 sec after the end of the final
burn. Figure 2.3.2-3 depicts the upper ascent ground track and Figure 2.3.2-4 shows available tracker coverage
provided by the CIS ground stations. Telemetry (including state vector) data can also be collected from the Block DM
during transfer orbit flight by Russian geostationary spacecraft. Table 2.3.2-1 gives the times and values of the Block
DM attitude maneuvers. These maneuvers may be modified to assist in spacecraft thermal management; the Block
DM can perform a maximum of 11 such maneuvers between the 1st and 2nd burn during a normal mission. with a
mission maximum of 14. The standard mission scenario for commercial spacecraft involves retention of the SOZ units
to provide attitude control following main engine shutdown. This allows spacecraft separation to be delayed until after
the Block DM completes reorientation to a customer specified separation attitude.
To more optimally deliver western satellites to orbit, the Block DM is also capable of performing a suborbital burn in
order to enable larger masses to be delivered to low earth orbit. The larger mass is made up of the heavier payload and
more fuel on the Block DM stage for orbital maneuvers. The “enhanced” Block DM performance level is enabled
with the suborbital burn.
Normally, injection into final orbit occurs at 90O however, longitude placement for geosynchronous orbits can be
controlled with an increment of 12.25 deg by allowing the Block DM and payload to coast in the standard parking
orbit for the required number of revolutions, and initiating the first transfer orbit burn on either the ascending or
descending node. Each parking orbit revolution will change the final longitude by 22.5 deg. Fifteen standard parking
orbit revolutions are within the lifetime constraints of the Block DM, giving complete 360-deg coverage.
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MECO2
Block DM Begin altitude 180° rotation
180° rotation Begin propellant 1st burn maneuver for about roll Block DM/
axis
about roll axis settling burn (MES1) block DM
Begin propellant payload
Begin attitude (MES1 - 300sec) 2nd burn separation
settling burn
maneuver for (MES1 - 300sec) MECO2
MECO1 +14.8sec
block DM 1st burn
Event description Event time Block DM
(block DM upper ascent) (sec) 2nd burn
(MES 2)
Block 4 upper adapter Jettison 637
SOZ unit first setting burn (SOZ1) 5437
Block 4 DM first burn 5732
SOZ unit engine shutdown 5737
SOZ unit second burn (SOZ2) 24,800
Block 4 DM second burn 25,105
SOZ unit engine shutdown 25,105
Block 4 DM separation 25, 345
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5
DV 3 Intermediate
Transfer Orbit
DV1
SC Separation 6
2
1 i t= variable
iref = 51.6o
Parking Orbit
4
DV 2
Target Orbit
Ha = 36,000 km
GSO
Hp = variable km
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B ooster
AY1
B ur n 3 Burn 2
KO
Figure 2.3.2-4: Ground Tracker Acquisition Times for Proton Ascent to a GSO
Shelkovo (SHLK)
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski
(PPK)
Ussurick
Ulan-Uden (ULD)
Kolpaashevo (KLP)
Dshusali (DZhS)
600 5,60 10,600 15,60 20,600 25,600
0 Time from liftoff 0
(seconds)
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Table 2.3.2-1: Typical Block DM Attitude Maneuvers for Geosynchronous Mission (90O East Longitude)
00.10.44 43.00 - - 86
Due to the thrust of the Breeze M stage (19.6 kN), the optimum mission profile results by splitting the "apogee raising"
propulsive maneuver into two smaller burns. The first burn raises apogee altitude to approximately 5,000 km - 7,000
km; the actual value is mission and satellite mass dependent. After one full revolution in this intermediate transfer
orbit (approximately 2.5 hours), the third main burn of the Breeze M main engine occurs raising apogee altitude to
geosynchronous. Perigee altitude and inclination are adjusted somewhat based on the trajectory optimization process
that occurs during the mission integration process.
During all nonthrusting periods, the fourth stage of Proton is able to align the satellite to an attitude that is compatible
with the thermal and solar incidence requirements for the satellite. Roll maneuvers can be programmed to ensure even
heating/cooling of the satellite surfaces.
After a coast of approximately 5.2 hours, the Breeze M provides its fourth and typically final propulsive maneuver,
raising perigee altitude and lowering orbit inclination to the optimum extent. After completion of the Breeze M fourth
burn, the satellite is oriented and separated from the upper stage. Total elapsed time from launch for a typical Breeze
M mission is approxiamately 10 hours.
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Normally, injection into final orbit occurs at 90O however, longitude placement for geosynchronous orbits can be
controlled with an increment of 12.25 deg by allowing the Breeze M and payload to coast in the standard parking orbit
for the required number of revolutions, and initiating the first transfer orbit burn on either the ascending or descending
node. Each parking orbit revolution will change the final longitude by 22.5 deg. Fifteen standard parking orbit
revolutions are within the lifetime constraints of the Breeze M, giving complete 360-deg coverage.
Figure 2.3.3-1 illustrates the main characteristics of the trajectory for a Proton M/Breeze M launch to geosychronous
transfer orbit.
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Block DM Breeze M
&1194 mm adapter 120 kg (265 lb) &1194 mm adapter 150 kg (331 lb)
500 mm height
&1194 mm adapter 130 kg (287 lb) TBD adapter 200 kg (441 lb)
625 mm height
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In all cases, the payload fairing is jettisoned at a location that ensures a free molecular heating rate after jettison of
<1135 W/m2.
Caution must be exercised in deriving performance estimates for missions whose inclinations differ from those
presented. The first three stages of the Proton launch system can only deliver payloads directly into, or near, the
standard low earth parking orbit at an inclination of 51.6 degrees, 64.8 degrees, or 72.7 degrees. All other inclinations
can be reached only through an orbital plane change maneuver. Performance estimates should not be made based on
interpolation between performance values derived from different parking orbit inclinations.
The Proton launch vehicle can only be launched along the flight azimuths that yield orbit inclinations of 51.6°, 64.8°,
and 72.7°, as shown in Figure 2.2.1-1. The flight azimuths are constrained by available stage and fairing impact points
along the flight trajectory. If a mission requires an inclination different from 51.6°, 64.8°, and 72.7°, the inclination
change is performed by the Block DM or Breeze M, or the spacecraft after achieving Earth orbit.
Table 2.5-1: Proton Booster Performance to Low Earth Orbits (Direct injection, no upper stage)
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For reference purposes, ILS has established a reference goesynchronous transfer mission performance quotation based
on an orbit that is 1,500 m/sec delta-velocity from geosynchronous orbit. This reference mission is indicative of the
geosynchronous transfer missions used by vehicles launched from low inclination launch sites. The reference orbit
assumes a 5,500 km perigee altitude, a 35,786 km apogee altitude, a 25.0 degree orbit inclination, and a 0.0 degree
argument of perigee.
Proton K/Block DM Performance - Performance to elliptical transfer orbits with GSO apogees is shown in Figure
2.6.1-1 for the Proton K/Block DM. Data is shown that represents launch vehicle performance as a function of
payload systems and residual delta-velocity from targeted transfer orbit to geosynchronous orbit. Analyses have been
conducted to determine the near optimum orbit that can be achieved with Proton given a spacecraft mass and the
various performance variants of the Proton launch system. Given a payload mass and launch from the Baikonur
Cosmodrome, the upper stage of Proton delivers the satellite to a high-energy GTO that results in the minimum delta-
velocity remaining to reach GSO. The derived perigee altitudes and orbit inclinations are provided in Table 2.6.1-1 for
the standard Block DM 2-Burn mission profile. Table 2.6.1-3 provides parametric GTO performance data for a full
range of perigee altitude and orbit inclination combinations.
For specific payload mass ranges, the Proton booster ascent profile can be tailored to enable a suborbital burn of the
Block DM upper stage enabling a higher upper stage/payload mass to be delivered to low earth orbit. The 3-Burn
mission is executed by the Proton K booster delivering a 23,000 kg (50,700 lb) orbit unit “stack” to a high-energy
suborbital state. The Block DM, after separation from the third stage of Proton, performs a main engine firing to
achieve a low earth parking orbit. The Block DM mission then progresses similarly to the two burn profile. In this
instance, 3 firings of the Block DM main engine result in a higher performance capability results as the Block DM
reaches LEO with a higher propellant load than if it were offloaded and delivered directly to LEO by the booster
statges. Table 2.6.1-2 identifies the optimum geosynchronous transfer orbit versus payload relationship for the
“Enhanced” 3-Burn mission capability. The 3-burn profile is enabled with payloads that are greater than or equal to
4,600 kg (10,141 lb). Additionally, the Block DM structural load limitations, as specified elsewhere in this document,
must be adhered to in order for this capability to be enabled.
Proton M/Breeze M Performance – For Proton M/Breeze M, three performance configurations are identified. Figure
2.6.1-2 plots optimum GTO payload versus Delta-Velocity to GEO for these three performance variants of Proton
M/Breeze M. The first configuration (Configuration 1) represents the performance capability for Proton K/Breeze M
for initial flights which are to commence in early 1999. In this configuration, the Proton K booster delivers the Breeze
M to orbit. A payload systems mass of 4800 kg can be delivered to a reference GTO in this case. With introduction of
the Proton M booster, vehicle performance to GTO increases to 5200 kg PSM. Flights 5, 6 and 7 of the Breeze M, to
be launched during the second half of 2000, will deliver this performance capability to GTO and are represented by the
Configuration 2 data. Table 2.6.1-4 provides tabular data corresponding to the data identified in the performance plot.
Additionally, Table 2.6.1-5 provides parametric performance data for a full range of geosynchronous transfer missions
for the mature flight configuration, Configuration 3, of Proton M/Breeze M.
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5500
Enhanced
5000 Standard
4500
Payload System Mass (kg)
4000
3500
3000
2500
500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
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Table 2.6.1-2: Proton K/Block DM Three-Burn Mission Performance to Representative Geosynchronous Transfer
Orbits
Delta-V to GSO Orbit Inclination Perigee Altitude Payload Systems Mass (PSM)
(m/s) (deg) Hp (km)
1343.6 19.83 5600 4600
1375.0 20.52 5310 4666
1400.0 21.08 5082 4719
1425.0 21.64 4859 4772
1450.0 22.21 4640 4825
1475.0 22.79 4425 4879
1500.0 23.37 4217 4932
1525.0 23.96 4016 4985
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6500
Config 1
Config 2
6000
Config 3
5500
Payload Systems Mass (kg)
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
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Table 2.6.1-3: Proton K/Block DM Parametric Geosynchronous Transfer Performance Date (2 Burn Mission)
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Configuration 1: Performance for Proton K/Breeze M Flights (Flights 1, 2, and 3) and contrained performance
for Proton M/Breeze M (Proton/Block DM backup)
Configuration 2: Performance for Proton M/Breeze M Flights 5, 6, and 7
Configuration 3: Performance for Proton M/Breeze M Flights 8 and on
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Table 2.6.1-5: Proton M/Breeze M Parametric Geosynchronous Transfer Performance Data (Configuration 3)
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Geostationary 0.009 ±1 O
0.75 O
± 20 min
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Reference Value
Reference Value
Reference Value
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Up p e r S t ag e
L on g it ud i na l ax i s
L o ng it u di n al Spi n
Su n L i n e
S p a c e c r a ft P o s i t i o n
Ve ct o r T ra ns v er s e
Sp i n
X
Such data is then submitted to the customer by ILS at Baikonur via fax or voice to the Spacecraft Mission Control
Center.
ILS has adopted standard formats regarding orbital state vector data that are provided to the launch services customer
during and after the launch mission. These standard formats enable the satellite operator to properly determine orbital
conditions at various times during the mission. The standard data is transmitted to the spacecraft Mission Control
Center at relevant times
a) Format I - preliminary within 30 minutes after main engine first cut-off, final within 60 minutes. (Table 2.9-1)
b) Format II - within 120 minutes after main engine first cut-off. (Table 2.9-2)
c) Format III - within 30 minutes after Spacecraft separation. (Table 2.9-3)
d) Format IV - within 120 minutes after Spacecraft separation. (Table 2.9-4)
e) Format V - within 30 minutes after deorbit maneuver. (Table 2.9-5)
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The data in Formats I and III are preliminary and subject to clarification in Formats II and IV.
Table 2.9-1: Format I - Preliminary State Vector Data Provided Following Upper Stage 1st Burn
Item Units
st
Magnitude of DV for main engine 1 firing m/sec
Upper stage 1st burn cutoff (actual) Date and Time (hr, min, sec (GMT))
Table 2.9-2: Format II - Transfer Orbit Parameters Following Upper Stage 1st Burn
Item Units
Semi-major axis km
Eccentricity ---
Inclination deg
Perigee altitude km
Apogee altitude km
Note: Osculating elements of the orbit are referred to True Equator and Equinox of the liftoff epoch. The moment of osculation is
the estimated time of the Block DM 1st burn cutoff.
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Item Units
Magnitude of DV for main engine 2nd firing m/sec
Upper stage 2nd burn cutoff (actual) Date and Time (GMT)
Actual time of Spacecraft separation from 4th stage Date and Time (GMT)
Item Units
Estimated spacecraft separation time Date and time(hr, min, sec (GMT))
Semi-major axis km
Eccentricity ---
Inclination deg
Perigee altitude km
Apogee altitude km
Note: Osculating elements of the orbit are referred to True Equator and Equinox of the liftoff epoch. The moment of osculation is
the estimated moment of spacecraft separation.
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Item Units
Fourth Stage third ignition time(UTC) for deorbit Date and time(hr, min, sec (GMT))
maneuver
Fourth Stage third burn cutoff time (UTC) for deorbit Date and time(hr, min, sec (GMT))
maneuver
De-orbit DV m/s
Note: Osculating elements of the orbit are referred to True Equator and Equinox of the liftoff epoch. The moment of osculation is
the estimated moment of spacecraft separation.
Within two days following separation, the SC contractor will provide spacecraft derived state vector data to ILS as
shown in Table 2.9-6.
The SC contractor will provide SC rotation data about the SC X,Y and Z axes from the point of SC acquisition until
15 minutes after acquisition. This data will be provided at [Launch + 15 Days].
Parameter Units
Semi-major axis km
Eccentricity --
Inclination deg
Perigee radius km
Apogee radius km
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The long coast life and multiple restart capabilities of the Block DM and Breeze M can also assist in constellation
phasing, thereby reducing spacecraft propellant usage.
ILS also has the resources available to develop special hardware items, such as dispensers for multiple spacecraft, to
meet unique mission requirements.
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3. SPACECRAFT ENVIRONMENTS
This section provides the ground and flight environments applicable for a Proton launch campaign and flight.
3.1 THERMAL/HUMIDITY
The thermal and humidity environment for the spacecraft is defined in this section, from transportation from the
Yubeleini Airport through launch base processing, launch and separation. SC component temperatures to be used for
assessing thermal compatibility will be calculated by analysis using a SC thermal model provided by the Customer.
January 8 -40
February 12 -38
March 24 -28
April 35 -12
May 42 0
June 46 8
July 46 9
August 42 8
September 38 0
October 30 -12
November 22 -30
December 13 -40
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Page 3-2
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
The on-pad air conditioning system remains active 24 hours a day until approximately 1.5 hours prior to launch when
preparations are begun for Mobile Service Tower rollback. To provide thermal conditioning of the fairing after Mobile
Service Tower rollback, a liquid thermal control system is provided in the fairing. This system is known as the
“LSTR” for Liquid System, Thermal Regulation. It consists of radiators on the fairing inside wall connected to
ethylene glycol filled pipes which run to a thermal control system in the launch pad complex. This system is activated 3
hours prior to launch and purged with dry nitrogen 5 minutes prior to launch to insure that the lines are free of liquid
prior to liftoff. Should the launch be aborted, the liquid system can be quickly reactivated and the Mobile Service
Tower will be brought up to renew air-conditioning within 2 hours. A schematic of both the liquid and air thermal
control systems is shown in Figures 3.1.1.1-1a and 3.1.1.1-1b along with an approximate operational timeline, for
both the Block DM and the Breeze M upper stages.
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure 3.1.1.1-1a: Fairing Air and Liquid Thermal Control System Schematic and Operations Timeline (Block DM)
Air outlet
emissivity = <0.1
Air temperature
sensors
H
Heat exchanger panels
SC
~H/2
Adapter
Ascent
Unit
Temperature
sensors
LSTR ASTR
Launch Vehicle installed Liquid system, Air system,
on launch pad thermal regulation thermal regulation
deg. C
Upper admissible temperature
27
Winter
22
Summer
17
Time
12
Liftof
Preparation to 10' f 5'
Preliminary launch Launch cancellation
preparation
(12-28 hr) (~1.5 hr) (~4 hr) (4-5 days) (2 hr) (1.5 hr) (2 hr) (15')
Switch L
Thermal Transportation off Switch Thermal Switch Switch Switch a Switch Switch Switch
cover 92-1 to thermo- on cover on of off off u on off
on
n
mounting launch pad stating ASTR removal LSTR ASTR LSTR c LSTR ASTR LSTR
car h
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure 3.1.1.1-1b: Fairing Air and Liquid Thermal Control System Schematic and Operations Timeline (Breeze M)
Ai r out le t
emissivity = <0.1
Air temperature
sensors
Ascent
He at ex ch an g er pan el s
Unit
S
C A dapt e r
Temper ature
sensors
Air inlet into ascent unit
Air flow rate = 13,000 m3/h max
T = 10 to +40oC
Liquid flow rate = 0.250 - 0.9 m 3/h
T = -10 to +80 oC
ASTR
Air system,
LSTR thermal regulation
Launch V ehicle installed Liquid system,
on launch pad thermal regulation
de g . C
Upper admissible temperature
27
Winter
22
Summer
17
Time
12
Liftof
Preparation to 10' f 5'
Preliminary launch Launch cancellation
preparation
(12-28 hr) (~1.5 hr) (~4 hr) (4-5 days) (2 hr) (1.5 hr) (2 hr) (15')
Switch L
Thermal Transportation off Switch Thermal Switch Switch Switch a Switch Switch Switch
u
cover 92-1 to thermo- on cover on of off off n on on off
mounting launch pad stating ASTR removal LSTR ASTR LSTR c LSTR ASTR LSTR
car h
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure 3.1.1.2-1: Supplemental Fairing Air Conditioning Schematic (Representative; detailed design conducted per
customer request)
30o
35o
2100
7.5o
30
300
160
260 Fai ring Access Door
1200
840
3.1.2 Ascent
During Ascent, the launch vehicle will be exposed to aerodynamic heating. Following fairing jettison, the space craft
will be exposed to solar radiation and free molecular heat flux. A thermal analysis will be performed using the
Customer supplied SC thermal model to predict spacecraft temperatures during this phase of the mission. The heat
flux density radiated upon the spacecraft by the internal surfaces of the NF should not exceed 500 W/M2 from the time
of launch until NF jettison. For commercial missions, the fairing is jettisoned at 342 - 344 seconds (121 – 125 km
alt.) into flight and the free molecular heat flux shall not exceed 1135 W/M2 at any time following fairing jettison.
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
3.1.3 Orbit
Following injection into parking orbit, the spacecraft thermal environment is determined mainly by solar radiation,
albedo and infrared earth radiation flux. Reorientation maneuvers of the Fourth Stage can be programmed to provide
desired sun angles for maintaining thermal control. An integrated thermal analysis is performed to determine
spacecraft temperatures as a function of time throughout the flight up to spacecraft separation.
3.1.4 Humidity
The ground humidity environment is shown in Table 3.1.4-1 below.
Min. Max.
On-pad with air- Air inside fairing 0.5 60 Air-conditioning through umbilical, flow rates
conditioning through adjustable from 5000 to 13000 M3/hr.
umbilical Max dewpoint approx 0 deg. C.
Note: Should the relative humidity drop below 30%, SC contractor will be consulted prior to any work beginning in the vicinity of
the spacecraft (inside the payload fairing after encapsulation).
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Encapsulated in fairing during 100 000 Payload encapsulated, filtered air provided
transportation and battery charging
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
3.3 PRESSURE
At the moment of fairing jettison, the pressure across the fairing halves shall not exceed 700 Pa.
The archimedes volume of the spacecraft to be taken into account for the venting analysis will be provided by the
Customer.
1.20E+05
1.00E+05
8.00E+04
Pascals
6.00E+04 Atmosphere
Inside Fairing
4.00E+04
2.00E+04
0.00E+00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Time, seconds
Page 3-9
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Table 3.4.1.1-1: Ground Limit Quasistatic Load Environment-Transportation and Handling Operations
Notes:
In the transportation case, the axes are those of the transporter, namely:
a) X axis runs along the direction of movement.
b) Y axis is downward in direction of gravity.
c) Z is lateral axis in right hand frame.
For handling:
a) Y axis runs vertically along the lifting and lowering direction, respectfully.
b) X axis runs along any lateral directions.
c) Accelerations exist simultaneously along X,Y,Z.
d) All accelerations are specified for a wind velocity W< 20 m/s.
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Static and dynamic accelerations at the SC interface are measured by flight instrumentation and their maximum 3σ
values are as provided in Figure 3.4.1.2-2. Flight loads shall be evaluated by Coupled Loads Analysis using a dynamic
model incorporating the spacecraft and launch vehicle.
2
Londitudinal, g
1
Block DM
(Axial)
Breeze M
0
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
-1
-2
-3
-4
Lateral, g
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2
(Axial) Longitudinal,g
0
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
-1
-2
-3
Transverse,g
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
The engines operate at a preliminary thrust level that remains constant for approximately 1.6 sec. During this period,
the Launch Vehicle experiences flexible bending oscillations brought about by uneven thrust among the six engines and
unequal offloading of the pad supports. The prevailing frequencies are 5 to 7 Hz.
Longitudinal flexible body oscillations appear simultaneously with frequencies ranging from 5 to 15 Hz. They are
magnified as the engines are throttled up to full thrust within 0.5 sec as the Launch Vehicle leaves the pad.
During first stage flight, lateral dynamic loads are generated by wind gusts superimposed on steady state wind loads
generated by the jetstream. Launch Vehicle longitudinal flexible oscillations are produced at 10-12 Hz by the natural
random pulsation of the engine thrust. There is no pogo phenomenon. The maximum value of these oscillations based
on telemetry measurements is +/- 0.35 g’s.
From 0.5 to 0.6 sec before first stage cutoff, the four second stage engines start up and gain preliminary thrust. Because
of the uneven thrust of the four engines, lateral reaction forces are generated, causing lateral flexible oscillations of the
Launch Vehicle body. These oscillations are influenced additionally by the first stage engines reacting to control system
commands. The first stage cutoff is characterized by an abrupt decay from 90% to 20% within 0.03 sec which causes
significant flexible longitudinal oscillations of the Launch Vehicle second stage, driven by the preliminary thrust of its
own engines. The oscillations are additionally magnified due to the increase in thrust to 100%. These oscillations damp
out within about 3 seconds.
Dynamic loads occuring during the propulsive events following first/second stage separation are enveloped by the
preceding events.
The above dynamic load environment can be represented by the quasi-sinusoidal vibration environment applied at the
SC/LV interface plane shown in Figure 3.4.2-1. This can be considered a flight limit load environment.
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Lateral Axes
Lateral Axes
1.2
0.8
Frequency (hz) Level (g's)
Level (g's)
0.6 5 10 0.3
10 20 0.4
0.4
20 40 0.6
0.2 40 100 0.7
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Frequency (hz)
Longitudinal Axes
Longitudinal Axes
1.2
0.8
Level (g's)
Frequency (hz)
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
During ground transportation, random excitation is produced by the rail system. The random vibration levels for
different transport configurations are as shown in the following Figures 3.4.2-2, 3.4.2-3, 3.4.2-4 and 3.4.2-5.
Figure 3.4.2-2: Random Vibration Levels-Ground Transportation By Rail, SC In Container And SC Attached To
Ascent Unit
3.50E-03
3.00E-03
Power Spectral Density (G2/hz)
2.50E-03
2.00E-03 X-X
Y-Y
1.50E-03 Z-Z
1.00E-03
5.00E-04
0.00E+00
1 10 100
Frequency (Hz)
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Figure 3.4.2-4: Random Vibration Levels-Ground Transportation by Rail, SC and Ascent Unit Attached to L/V
2.00E-05
1.80E-05
1.60E-05
Power Spectral Density (G2 /hz)
1.40E-05
1.20E-05
1.00E-05 X-X
Y-Y
8.00E-06
Z-Z
6.00E-06
4.00E-06
2.00E-06
0.00E+00
1 10 100
Frequency (Hz)
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
140
130
Level (dB)
120
110
100
10 100 1000 10000
Frequncy (Hz)
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Shock loads during transportation in the SC container at the launch site shall not exceed the levels provided in Table
3.4.4-1.
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
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10000
Q= 10
100
100 1000 10000
Frequency (Hz)
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Demonstration of the spacecraft secondary structures ability to withstand dynamic loads induced by flight events and
ground transportation is required for qualification and acceptance of the spacecraft design.
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
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Notching should be minimized, and as a test goal should not allow base inputs to decrease below the base equivalent
level produced by the Final Coupled Loads Analysis multiplied by the appropriate Factor of Safety and should not
allow spacecraft response to go below the worst case response predicted by the Final Coupled Loads Analysis
multiplied by the appropriate Factor of Safety.
For Spacecraft secondary structure which does not attain the worst case level predicted from the Final Coupled Loads
Analysis multiplied by the appropriate Factor of Safety, an analysis must show the capability to sustain the CLA result
multiplied by the appropriate Factor of Safety.
The launch vehicle generated and launch base spurious EMI sources shall not exceed the levels of Figures 3.5.2-1a and
3.5.2-1b in a plane 1 meter below and parallel to the SC/LV interface plane.
The SC generated and spurious EMI sources shall not exceed the levels of Figure 3.5.2-2 in a plane 1 meter below and
parallel to the SC/LV interface plane.
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Parameters First Stage First Stage Second Stage Third Stage Third Stage Block DM Block DM
Transmitter 1 Transmitter 2 Transmitter Transmitter 1 Transmitter 2 Transmitter Receiver
Carrier Frequency (Mhz) 192 137 240 232 132 923 769
3db Bandwidth (Mhz) .256 3.0 .256 .256 3.0 0.5 0.5
Antenna description and Circular Circular Circular Circular Circular Circular Circular
polarization
OMNI EP OMNI EP OMNI EP OMNI EP OMNI EP OMNI EP OMNI EP
Parameters First Stage First Stage Second Stage Third Stage Third Stage Tracking
Transmitter 1 Transmitter 2 Transmitter Transmitter 1 Transmitter 2
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Antenna gain , dB 21 3 to 10 3 to 10 -7 3
(Parallel to (Parallel to
Xsc axis) Xsc axis)
Antenna description and right circular limited view limited view limited view limited view
polarization horn omni antenna omni antenna omni antenna omni antenna
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure 3.5.2-1a: Launch Vehicle and Launch Base Pad Narrowband Radiated Emissions (Proton K/Block DM) (TBC)
140
120
100
80
dBm V/m
60
40
20
0
100 1000 10000 100000
Frequency (MHz)
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure 3.5.2-1b: Launch Vehicle and Launch Base Pad Narrowband Radiated Emissions (Proton M/Breeze M) (TBC)
140
120
100
80
dBm V/m
60
40
20
0
100 1000 10000 100000
Frequency (MHz)
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure 3.5.2-2: Launch Vehicle and Launch Pad Radiated Susceptibility Limits
130
110
90
dBmV/m
70
50
30
10
1.00E-01 1.00E+00 1.00E+01 1.00E+02
Frequency (GHz)
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
4. SPACECRAFT INTERFACES
Page 4-1
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Loads affecting the SC at the SC/LV interface include the adapter springs and the SC/LV electrical umbilical
connectors. The adapter spring forces and the SC/LV electrical umbilical connector forces are provided in the adapter
Appendix D of this Mission Planner’s Guide.
Figure 4.1.3.1-2 provides the layout for the Proton/Block DM generic useable volume. Figures 4.1.3.1-4 and
4.1.3.1-6 provide the layouts for the Proton/Breeze M Standard and Long Commercial fairing generic useable
volumes. These generic useable volumes do not take into account any specific adapter configuration. Specific adapters
will alter the bottom portion of the useable volume in order to take into account required adapter clearances for
installation and required flight clearances with the adapter structure. Specific useable volumes tailored to individual
adapter systems are provided in the adapter Appendix D of this Mission Planner’s Guide.
The definition of useable volume used throughout this Mission Planner’s Guide is as follows:
Useable Volume: The spacecraft static envelope (maximum dimensions of unloaded spacecraft, including
manufacturing tolerances and expansion of thermal blankets) must not protrude beyond the useable volume, except
where it is mutually agreed upon by ILS and Khrunichev. Spacecraft dynamic displacements due to ground or flight
loads and deviations caused by an imperfect installation of the spacecraft on the Fourth Stage may protrude beyond the
boundaries of this useable volume. An assumption made is that spacecraft dynamic displacements will not exceed 50
mm. This must be verified by coupled loads analysis.
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Figure 4.1.3.1-2a: Generic Proton/Block DM Commercial Fairing - Useable Volume Dimensions (Sheet 1 of 3)
Page 4-7
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure 4.1.3.1-2b: Generic Proton/Block DM Commercial Fairing - Useable Volume Dimensions (Sheet 2 of 3)
Page 4-8
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure 4.1.3.1-2c: Generic Proton/Block DM Commercial Fairing - Useable Volume Dimensions (Sheet 3 of 3)
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
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Figure 4.1.3.1-4a: Generic Proton/Breeze M Standard Commercial Fairing - Useable Volume Dimensions (Sheet 1 of 3)
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure 4.1.3.1-4b: Generic Proton/Breeze M Standard Commercial Fairing - Useable Volume Dimensions (Sheet 2 of 3)
Page 4-14
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure 4.1.3.1-4c: Generic Proton/Breeze M Standard Commercial Fairing - Useable Volume Dimensions (Sheet 3 of 3)
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
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Figure 4.1.3.1-6a: Generic Proton/Breeze M Long Commercial Fairing - Useable Volume Dimensions (Sheet 1 of 3)
Page 4-20
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure 4.1.3.1-6b: Generic Proton/Breeze M Long Commercial Fairing - Useable Volume Dimensions (Sheet 2 of 3)
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure 4.1.3.1-6c: Generic Proton/Breeze M Long Commercial Fairing - Useable Volume Dimensions (Sheet 3 of 3)
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Item Characteristic
Number of fittings 1
Type fitting pneumatic 0.172 inches internal diameter, 0.281 inches external diameter, 303 CRES material
(provided by customer)
Period of operation a)accessible by Customer during payload operations in PPF up to on pad prior to Mobile
Service Tower rollback (including during transportation operations as mutually agreed upon
between ILS and Customer)
b)connected to ILS dry air source through LV from Mobile Service Tower rollback to launch
Gas Content
5.0X10-4 % by mass
Filtration Preliminary purification and availability of filter at system outlet with mesh of 25-50 microns
For a typical mechanical interface layout, see Appendix D of this Mission Planner’s Guide.
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Appendix D of this Mission Planner’s Guide describes the standard adapters also provides the type, location and
mechanical configuration for these connectors.
Umbilical connector brackets provide +/- 2 mm adjustment in longitudinal direction and +/- 4 mm adjustment in
the lateral axes.
In addition, continuity loops are provided in each umbilical connector on the spacecraft side. At separation, the
umbilical connectors will disengage, thereby opening these circuits and providing a redundant indication of separation
to the Launch Vehicle telemetry system.
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Item Characteristic
K1 K7 K14 K8 K1 K9 K1 K10
3 5 6
PO2A
2 6 1 5 11 15 12 16
J1 J2
SC/LV Interface
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Table 4.2.1.7-1 provides a description of the telemetry which is used during ground handling. Table 4.2.1.7-2 provides
the characteristics and location of each flight telemetry sensor. Finally, Figures 4.2.1.7-1 to 4.2.1.7-9 show the
locations of each sensor on the LV or ground transportation device.
Item Characteristic
Data channel measurement window From lift-off command to third stage separation
Allowable round trip impedance from umbilical connector to 2 kohm (any combination of resistance, impedance and
spacecraft TM point (ohms) to maintain measurement error inductance)
within +/- 7%
Data recorded for these TM points will be provided to the Customer as part of the Post-Launch Report submission
and in electronic format.
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
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Table 4.2.1.7-1: Instrumentation Quantities and Locations for Ground Operations (Continued)
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Table 4.2.1.7-2: Instrumentation Quantities and Locations for Flight Events (Typical)
Purpose Quantity, measurement Sensor designation and location Time of operation Sensor
range sampling
frequency
Temperature sensors
Environment 1 0...150C T1 Nose internal surface From liftoff command 0.3 Hz
under fairing 2 -40...100C T22 (T20) Cylinder, IV pl. to nose fairing separation
2 -40...100C T23 (T21) Cylinder, II pl. (Temperature sensors in
Ext. surface 1 -40...600C T26 30 degree cone parenthesis are used on
thermal 1 -40...500C T25 20 degree cone the ground only).
insulation 1 -40...200C T27 Cylinder
External External skin
surfaces of the 1 -40...200C T2 30 degree cone
cellular 1 -40...200C T3 20 degree cone
construction 2 -40...200C T5,T4 Cylinder I pl.
skin and 1 -40...200C T6 Cylinder III pl.
thermal 1 -40...200C T7 Inverse cone I pl.
insulation Internal Skin
1 -40...200C T8 30 deg. cone I pl.
1 -40...200C T9 20 deg. cone I pl.
2 -40...200C T11,T10 Cylinder I pl.
1 -40...200C T12 20 deg. cone I pl.
1 -40...200C T13 Inverse cone I pl.
Thermal insulation
1 -40...100C T16 30 deg. cone I pl.
1 -40...100C T28 20 deg. cone I pl.
2 -40...100C T17,T29 Cylinder I pl.
1 -40...100C T18 Cylinder III pl.
1 -40...100C T19 Inverse cone I pl.
Panel liquid thermoregulating system
heater (LTS)
1 -40...100C T14 20 deg. cone I pl.
1 -40...100C T30,T15 Cylinder I pl.
Construction 4 -10...77C TA1 From liftoff command 1.6 Hz
of adapters TA2 adapter to spacecraft separation
TA3 upper frame
TA4
2 -90...100C TA5 To liftoff command continuous
TA6 adapter middle (ground sensors)
4 -90...100C TA7 From liftoff command 1.6 Hz
TA8 adapter bottom to spacecraft separation
TA9 frame
TA10
Spacecraft separation sensors
Adapter 2 Separation To spacecraft 50-100 Hz
plane separation
J1, J2 2
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Table 4.2.1.7-2: Instrumentation Quantities and Locations for Flight Events (Continued)
Purpose Quantity, measurement Sensor designation and location Time of operation Sensor
range sampling
frequency
Nose fairing separation sensors
Nose fairing 2 1-2 To nose fairing 50-100 Hz
4 5-6 separation
7-8
4 1-2
3-4
Pressure sensors
Nose fairing 4 0...780 1 20 degree cone, From liftoff command to 50 Hz
mm Hg 2 external surface nose fairing separation
3
4
1: 0...400 mm Hg 5 Inverse cone,
1: 0...780 mm Hg 6 external surface
1: 0...780 mm Hg 1 20 degree cone,
1: 0...250 mm Hg 2 internal surface
1: 0...780 mm Hg 3 Inverse cone,
1: 0...50 mm Hg 4 internal surface
4: 0...780 mm Hg 1 Above vents
6
8
10
7: 0...780 mm Hg 2 Below vents
3
4
5
7
9
11
Acoustic loads sensors
Nose fairing 2 places AB-1 In the internal From liftoff command to 8000 Hz
internal and 30-2000 Hz AB-2 volume between first stage separation
external 120-155 dB SC and nose
acoustic fairing. AB-1 on KhSC
pressure 2 places adapter, AB-2 on fairing
measurement 30-2000 Hz AH-1 On the nose
125-165 dB AH-2 fairing external
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Table 4.2.1.7-2: Instrumentation Quantities and Locations for Flight Events (Continued)
Purpose Quantity, measurement Sensor designation and location Time of operation Sensor
range sampling
frequency
Vibration loads sensors (low frequency)
Low frequency 3 places along X KX-1 On From liftoff command to 200 Hz
vibration up to 32 Hz KX-2 adapter near third stage separation 200 Hz
measurement from -2...+4 g KX-3 SC interface 200 Hz
along X, Y, and KY-4 200 Hz
Z axes KZ-5 200 Hz
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TBS
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Figure 4.2.1.7-2: Locations of Measurement System Sensors on 1666 Adapter System (Typical)
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Figure 4.2.1.7-3: Locations of Measurement System Sensors on 1194 Adapter System (Typical)
TBS
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Air Temperature
Relative Humidity
Particle Count
TBX1, TBY1, TBZ1
T21
Air Temperature (internal to container
Relative Humidity opposite to T20)
Particle Count
T20
TBX1, TBY1, TBZ1 (internal to container
opposite to T21)
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Exhaust to Atmosphere
T20, T21
Air Temperature
Witness Plates Relative Humidity
Particle Count
TA5, TA6
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Witness Plates
T20, T21
TA5, TA6
TBX, TBY,TBZ
Filter Block
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Temperature on Adapter,
Conditioned Air Inlet to Fairing
TA5 and TA6 (Air sample access: continuous
(see table for description, monitoring of air used to measure
see fairing schematic temp., humidity, and contamination
for exact location). levels)
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
The Launch Pad interfaces include connections from the base of the Proton LV (and connections at station 43.85 on
the Mobile Service Tower if required) to ground wiring interfacing with SC EGSE. ILS provides all necessary
electrical harnesses and cables between the SC/LV IFD’s and the SC EGSE interface enables in the Vault and on the
MST. Figure 4.2.2-1 provides a block diagram of the electrical interfaces available between the payload, Launch
Vehicle and the ground systems.
Figure 4.2.2-1: Spacecraft to Launch Vehicle and Ground Systems Electrical Interfaces
Spacecraft
Mobile Service
37 or 61 pin Deutsch Tower
Connectors
Mission Specific
Wiring
O 1A
Bunker Rm 250
O 06
Junction Vault
Box X1 Customer
STE
Customer
MPS
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
SC contractor equipment needs to provide protection against exceeding 100 V at spacecraft umbilical interface. It also
needs to provide continuous monitoring and recording of this bus voltage.
All EGSE interfaces to the SC shall be current limited by the Customer to preclude damage to the LV ground and
airborne systems in the event of a short circuit . SC STE shall shut off power within 0.2 sec if Imax is exceeded by 50%.
SC and GSE will be de-energized prior to mating and demating of umbilical connectors for electrical checkouts and
flight mating.
All SC EGSE electrical interface circuits shall be constrained at least 5 minutes prior to liftoff such that there will be
no current flow greater than 100 mA per wire across the T-0 interface .
In order to confirm compatibility with the link, the following is required of the Customer:
a) The SC Checkout Station shall have 1 physical command interface and 1 physical telemetry interface.
b) SC GSE RF interface impedance shall be 50 OHM
c) Uninterrupted operation of RF devices shall not exceed 8 hours, with a 30 minute break before the next 8 hour
session.
d) The SC contractor shall provide to Khrunichev the measured coefficient values for TT &C signals via the RF
window obtained during the RF channel checkup in the integration facility following the Ascent Unit
encapsulation.
e) Prior to installation of the LV+Ascent Unit on the pad and following the delivery of the STE to the bunker, the
SC manufacturer shall verify continuity between command RF link and STE and issue to Khrunichev the
Certificate of Launch Pad Readiness to accommodate the LV and Ascent Unit.
f) After installation of LV+Ascent Unit and prior to the roll-up of service tower, the SC manufacturer, in
conjunction with Khrunichev, shall check out the RF link between the Ascent Unit and STE. Such check out shall
be performed 20 minutes after the mating of the LV aft section. SC contractor to confirm functionality of the RF
link within 45 minutes.
g) At L-6 months, the SC manufacturer shall provide to Khrunichev two connectors for installation by Khrunichev
on the existing RF cables in the bunker, two spare connectors and two corresponding jacks, as well as instructions
on cable dressing and cable performances.
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Telemetry Link
Command Link
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Telemetry Link
Command Link
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Telemetry Link
Command Link
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Telemetry Link
Command Link
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Launc h Pad
SC RF link
RF TM
RF TC
Khrunichev
RF
Rack
Interconnect
Panel
Interconnect Interconnect
Panel Panel
There are 2 RF window positions in the fairing to take into account the possible view angles required at each of the 2
Proton launch pads. When the launch pad is designated, 1 out of the 2 windows will be covered with conductive enamel
leaving 1 active window for transmission of the spacecraft T and C signal between the spacecraft and the Bunker. The
RF link between the spacecraft and the ground RF equipment is required before and after Mobile Service Tower
rollback. Prior to rollback, the signals will be transmitted via a repeater on the Mobile Service Tower. Following
rollback, signals will be transmitted directly between the spacecraft and the Bunker antenna. During rollback, there
could be a maximum 20 minute outage of signal as the tower rolls through the line of site between the spacecraft and
the bunker antennas.
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ILS shall ensure that personnel necessary for the performance of this contract are made available to the program to
perform the work in a timely fashion and to satisfy requirements of the contract and its exhibits.
ILS will create and maintain an interface activities milestone schedule that provides all key technical interface
milestones necessary for successful completion of the contract. A typical mission integration schedule is as shown in
Figure 5.1.3-1a and 5.3.1-1b for a non-recurring and recurring program respectively. It is based on the meeting
schedule in Section 5.1.5.1 and the deliverable milestones provided in Sections 6 and 7. This integrated program
schedule for a particular program will be presented and agreed upon between all Parties at the Kickoff Meeting and
further changes shall be made as necessary and agreed upon at subsequent Technical Interface Meetings (TIM). In case
of changes to internal schedules, the other party will be promptly informed.
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
ID # Activity Resp L-24 L-21 L-18 L-15 L-12 L-9 L-6 L-3 LAUNCH L+2
MEETINGS
1 Kickoff All Kickoff
2 Preliminary ICD Review All ICD Review
3 Preliminary Design Review (PDR) All PDR
4 Launch Site Visits All Site Visit No.1 Site Visit No.2
5 Operations Review All Operations Review #1 Operations Review #2
6 ICD Sign-Off All ICD Sign-Off
7 Fitcheck All Fitcheck
8 Shock Test All Shock Test
9 Critical Design Review (CDR) All CDR
10 Launch Vehicle Preshipment Rev All LV Preship
11 Spacecraft Preshipment Review All SC Preship
12 Launch Site Acceptance Review All Site Review
13 Launch Vehicle Quality Review All LVQR Update
14 Update
LV Roll-out Authorization Review All LV Roll-out Auth
15 Board
LV Loading Authorization Review All LV Loading Auth
Board ICD DEVELOPEMENT
16 IRD (Amendment for specific SC) SCC IRD (Amendment for specific SC)
17 Preliminary ICD ILS Prelim ICD
18 ICD prior to meeting to sign ILS Signed ICD
PRELIMINARY DESIGN
19 Preliminary SC Dynamic Model SCC Preliminary SC Dynamic Model
20 Annex [x] of PDR package, CLA ILS CLA Report (if required)
21 Report
SC Thermal Model SCC SC Thermal Model
22 PDR Package, all except Annex [x] ILS PDR Package
CRITICAL DESIGN
23 Inputs to Final Analysis (except SCC Inputs to Final Analysis (except CLA)
24 CLA)
Final SC Dynamic Model (test SCC Final SC Dynamic Model
25 verified)
Annex [x] of PDR package; CLA ILS CLA Report
26 Report
CDR Package; all except Annex [x] ILS CDR Package
SPACECRAFT TESTING
27 SC Environmental Test Plan SCC SC Environmental Test Plan
28 Inputs to Fitcheck & Shock Test PlanSCC Inputs to Fitcheck & Shock Test Plan
29 Fitcheck & Shock Test Plan ILS Fitcheck & Shock Test Plan
30 Fitcheck & Shock Test Report ILS Fitcheck & Shock Report
31 SC Environmental Test Results SCC SC Environmental Test Results
SAFETY DATA AND CERTIFICATES REQUIRED FOR LICENSING
32 Safety Submissions SCC Safety Submissions
33 All Certificates All All Certificates
LAUNCH CAMPAIGN
34 SC Launch Operations Plan SCC SC Launch Ops Plan (Prelim)
35 (Preliminary)
SC Launch Operations Plan (Final) SCC SC Launch Ops Plan (final)
36 Participants List w/ Passport Info SCC Participants List w/ Passport Info
37 SC Orbital Data ILS SC Orbital Data
38 Launch Evaluation Report ILS Launch Eval Report
MANAGEMENT
39 Management Report ILS
Printed:31AUG98
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
ID # Activity Resp L-12 L-10 L-8 L-6 L-4 L-2 LAUNCH L+2
MEETINGS
1 Kickoff All Kickoff
2 ICD Sign-Off All ICD Sign-Off
3 Critical Design Review (CDR) All CDR
4 Fitcheck All Fitcheck
5 Shock Test All Shock Test
6 LV Preshipment (Quality) Review All LV Preship Rvw
7 SC Preshipment Readiness Review All SC Preship Readiness Rvw
8 Operations Review All Ops Review
9 Launch Site Acceptance Review All Site Review
10 Launch Vehicle Quality Review All LVQR Update
11 Update
LV Roll-out Authorization Review All LV Roll-out Auth
12 Board
LV Loading Authorization Review All LV Loading Auth
Board ICD DEVELOPEMENT
13 IRD (Amendment for specific SC) SCC IRD
14 ICD prior to meeting to sign ILS ICD
revision CRITICAL DESIGN
15 Inputs to Final Analysis (except SCC Inputs to Final Analysis
16 CLA)
Final SC Dynamic Model (Test SCC Final SC Dynamic Model
17 Verified)
Annex [X] of CDR package; CLA ILS CLA Report
18 Report
CDR Package; all except Annex [x] ILS CDR Package
SPACECRAFT TESTING
19 SC Environmental Test Plan SCC SC Environmental Test Plan
20 Inputs to Fitcheck & Shock Test PlanSCC Inputs to Fitcheck & Shock Test Plan
21 Fitcheck & Shock Test Plan ILS Fitcheck & Shock Test Plan
22 Fitcheck & Shock Test Report All Fitcheck & Shock Report
23 SC Environmental Test Results SCC SC Environmental Test Results
SAFETY DATA AND CERTIFICATES REQUIRED FOR LICENSING
24 Safety Submissions SCC Safety Submissions
25 All Certificates ILS All Certificates
LAUNCH CAMPAIGN
26 SC Launch Operations Plan (final) SCC SC Launch Ops Plan (final)
27 Participants List w/ Passport Info SCC Participants & Info List
28 Orbital Data ILS Orbital Data
29 Launch Evaluation Report ILS Launch Eval Report
MANAGEMENT
30 Management Report ILS
Printed:31AUG98
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
All technical correspondence between ILS and the Customer relating to work on the LSA is strictly between the
Customer Mission Manager and the ILS Mission Manager.
A baseline meeting schedule is provided in Tables 5.1.5.1-1a and 5.1.5.1-1b for a non-recurring and recurring
program respectively. A non-recurring program is one with a first of a kind SC which requires 2 analysis cycles. A
recurring program is one with a similar SC which requires only one analysis cycle and no significant changes to the
launch vehicle and the launch site.
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Launch Vehicle Quality Review Update (TBC) L-7 days Launch Site
Launch Vehicle Rollout Authorization Review Board L-6 days Launch Site
Launch Vehicle Fueling Authorization Review Board L-1 day Launch Site
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Launch Vehicle Quality Review Update (TBC) L-7 days Launch Site
Launch Vehicle Rollout Authorization Review Board L-6 days Launch Site
Launch Vehicle Fueling Authorization Review Board L-1 day Launch Site
Kickoff
This meeting represents the formal start of the program. A description of overall LSA services will be presented as well
as management organization and preliminary program schedules. The Interface Requirements Document will be
discussed to kickoff generation of the ICD.
The preliminary ICD will be reviewed and agreement reached on inputs to begin the Preliminary Analysis cycle.
ILS will present all results of preliminary analyses and compare with ICD requirements.
This first visit to the launch site will provide a first orientation to the Customer. A key goal is to verify compliance with
ICD requirements.
Operations Review
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Agreement will be reached at this meeting to all final analysis inputs prior to starting these analyses.
Fitcheck
This is a fitcheck of flight adapter and separation system hardware to the flight spacecraft at the SC manufacturer's
facility.
Shock Test
This is an actuation of the flight type separation system with the flight spacecraft at the manufacturer's facility. It is
done in conjunction with the fitcheck.
This is the last visit prior to certification of the launch facility for this mission.
This meeting is held at Khrunichev as part of the quality control process. Khrunichev presents the quality status of all
Launch Vehicle hardware per design documentation.
This meeting is held at the SC manufacturer's facility and provides a status of the spacecraft readiness to ship to the
Launch Site.
This meeting is held at the Launch Site prior to SC arrival to confirm the readiness of the Launch Site to begin the
launch campaign. The compliance with requirements in the ICD and Operations Plan will be verified.
At this meeting, the data presented by Khrunichev at the Launch Vehicle Preshipment Review is updated to take into
account all subsequent activities up to L-7 days before launch (TBC).
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A meeting is held at the Launch Site to confirm readiness to rollout the LV to the Launch Pad.
A meeting is held at the Launch Site to confirm readiness to load the LV with propellants and confirm SC readiness to
launch.
ILS maintains a centralized action item control system for each LSA.
The Customer will obtain permits and approvals required to import and export the spacecraft and associated
equipment from its country of origin through the Port of Entry in Russia and Kazakhstan.
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Table 5.2-1: ILS Deliverable Schedule for a Recurring and a Non-Recurring Program
Recurring Non-Recurring
ICD DEVELOPMENT
PRELIMINARY DESIGN
CRITICAL DESIGN
SPACECRAFT TESTING
MANAGEMENT
5.2.1.1 ICD
ILS shall provide the ICD and will maintain it up to date by issuing revisions as necessary. Preliminary ICD will
contain input data for the Preliminary Design. The signed ICD will contain input data for the Critical Design.
The following analyses are conducted during the mission integration effort for each satellite launch mission. For first
of a kind spacecraft, one preliminary and one final analysis cycle will normally be conducted during each satellite
integration effort. For follow-on spacecraft, one analysis cycle will be performed in most cases. Two analysis cycles
will be performed for following on SC where spacecraft and/or launch vehicle relevant parameters have changed
significantly.
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Design and Manufacturing A summary of the LV design concentrating on differences with previous
vehicles. Emphasis is on specificities in adapter and payload compartment
design to meet specific spacecraft payload requirements.
Mission Design The flight design including maneuvers and maneuver sequence, orbit
parameters and dispersions, collision avoidance
Thermal Analysis Integrated thermal analysis of combined operations (ground and flight) for
spacecraft and launch vehicle hardware to ensure thermal compatibility.
The spacecraft mathematical model is provided by the Customer per the
thermal model specification provided by ILS
CLA/Acoustic/ Shock Loads 1) Dynamic coupled-loads analysis. The spacecraft mathematical model is
Environment furnished by the Customer according to the ILS provided dynamic model
specification. The following events are analyzed:
a) Liftoff
RF Link and EMC Analysis of the RF link between the bunker and the pad and EMC analysis
verifying compatibility between the spacecraft and LV systems
Clearance Analysis Clearance analysis between the spacecraft and the LV during flight to verify
sufficient dynamic clearances
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One hardcopy (and a soft copy where possible) of all design documentation will be provided to Customer 10 days prior
to review
Reports will be provided documenting the results of the above analyses. These reports will be provided for each analysis
cycle and include the following topics: summary of results, detail of analyses performed, comparison of analysis results
with ICD requirements. The analyses required may be reduced in scope if agreed between ILS and the Customer.
5.2.4 Safety
ILS will prepare a Safety Data Package based on the safety data provided by the Customer Safety Submissions.
ILS will provide a Launch Evaluation Report for each LSA documenting the results of ground processing of the
spacecraft and the subsequent flight.
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Table 5.3-1: Customer Deliverable Schedule for a Recurring and a Non-Recurring Program
Recurring Non-Recurring
ICD DEVELOPMENT
PRELIMINARY DESIGN
CRITICAL DESIGN
SPACECRAFT TESTING
Safety Submissions (Preliminary and Final SMPSP) L-12 to L-5 L-24 and L-5
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The Customer shall provide a SC fluid slosh model conforming to the requirements in Appendix C.
The Customer will provide a certificate to confirm reliability and specifying the SC no-failure probability level for
ground operations and flight.
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
The Customer will provide a certificate to ILS following spacecraft environmental testing to certify that the spacecraft
is capable of withstanding the loads environments imposed on it during ground processing at the Launch Site and
during flight as documented in the ICD and in the CLA report.
The Customer will provide to ILS a certificate demonstrating that approval has been given by an internationally
recognized authority for the orbital position which the spacecraft to be launched under this LSA is to occupy.
The Customer will provide SC state vector data complying with requirements in Chapter 2 of this Mission Planner’s
Guide.
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For missions that employ the Block DM, the Customer shall also provide final spacecraft estimated dry and wet mass
two days prior to Block DM fueling. Prior to encapsulation, the Customer will supply ILS the actual satellite dry and
wet masses.
5.4.8 Connectors
The Customer shall provide to ILS, flight and test connectors per mission specific requirements. These connectors will
be used for the assembly of flight and test harnesses.
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a) Receiving inspection of spacecraft elements and support equipment upon arrival at the launch site
b) Analysis of data generated by the spacecraft through its own telemetry system
d) Shipping cost associated with the spacecraft, its components, and support equipment (except while at the launch
site)
h) Any tracking or commanding of the spacecraft after separation from the launch vehicle
i) Spacecraft propellants
j) Propellant sampling analysis. Facilities at or near the Launch Site are not equipped with equipment or technology
necessary for analysis of SC propellants. The Customer must plan for shipment and analysis of samples outside the
Russian Federation if these analyses are required
m) Additional analyses over and above those specified in previous sections, caused by changes to the spacecraft design
which are not in any way attributable to ILS and not required by the terms of this LSA and its' Exhibits
n) Additional analyses over and above those required in previous sections, caused by launch postponements requested
by the Customer (unless otherwise specified in the postponement provisions of the LSA)TBC
o) Changes to the LV and/or the launch site facilities as described in this Mission Planner’s Guide , caused by
changes to the spacecraft design which are not in any way attributable to ILS and not required by the terms of the
LSA and its' Exhibits
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a) Yubeleini Airfield—Spacecraft (SC) and ground support equipment (GSE) arrival and departure
c) Building 92-1—Final integration of the Ascent Unit to Stages 1-3 of the Launch Vehicle Proton K
d) Building 92A-50—Final integration of the Ascent Unit to Stages 1-3 of the Launch Vehicle Proton M
The sub-sections that follow provide brief descriptions of these facilities. More in-depth descriptions of these same
facilities are provided later in this section.
A 140 m by 420 m pad is available next to a railhead for unloading aircraft and transferring equipment to rail convoys.
Prior to aircraft arrival, this area is cleared and ground handling equipment is positioned. The pad also is equipped
with stationary spotlights for use in night operations.
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Railline:
Road:
Krainy Airfield
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a) Area A is a Class 100,000 clean area used for final preparation of the Ascent Unit and its components. It is also
used for integrating the SC with the flight adapter and mating the SC to the Fourth Stage. Final encapsulation of
the SC also takes place in this area.
b) Area B is a Class 100,000 airlock used to transition material from Area C into Area A and into Rooms 119, 120,
and 121 of Building 40D.
c) Area C encompasses approximately half the building and is used for SC and GSE loading/unloading, as well as
the Fourth Stage and Ascent Unit components.
a) Room 119 is a Class 100,000 cleanroom used for SC testing prior to loading. SC pressurization may occur in this
room prior to transfer to the Filling Hall (Building 44) with a portable blast shield in place.
b) Room 120 is a Class 100,000 cleanroom used as a control room for test operations conducted in Room 119. Most
electrical support equipment is located in this room.
c) Room 121 is a Class 100,000 cleanroom used for SC equipment storage, as required.
d) Offices are provided on the second and third floors for the SC Customer and ILS personnel.
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a) Room 1: Propellant Loading Area. A Class 100,000 clean tent is installed in this room to receive the SC for fuel
and oxidizer loading operations. Oxidizer propellant cylinders are thermally conditioned in this room in special
chambers prior to loading.
b) Room 2: SC Removal from Container and Container Storage Operations. This room is used for agitation of
propellant cylinders, storage of the Thermal Transport Container, and storage of the GSE.
c) Room 3: Storage of Propellant Cylinders. Storage of fuel propellant cylinders occurs in this room in prior to
loading.
In addition to the areas described above, a control room on the second floor (Room 58) houses SC Customer electrical
ground support equipment that is used to monitor spacecraft telemetry, charge SC batteries, and communicate with
the propellant-load team.
Fuel and oxidizer decontamination rooms are available for cleaning the GSE. These are located at either end of the
building and are supplied with water and nitrogen gas sources.
6.1.4 Building 92-1 and the Proton Launch Zone (Area 81)
Following encapsulation, the Ascent Unit is transported to Building 92-1 for integration with Stages 1-3 of the
Launch Vehicle. For the Breeze M configuration, the Launch Vehicle will return to Building 92A-50, Hall 111 for
final electrical verification. Following integration, the Launch Vehicle is transported to the Proton Launch Complex
(Area 81) for erection and launch. At the Launch Complex, two areas are used for Spacecraft GSE. Rooms 64 and 76
(underground vaults) accommodate SC customer equipment providing power to the SC while on the pad. In the
Bunker, which is approximately 1 km from the launch pad, Room 250 is used for installation of SC customer electrical
GSE required for launch.
6.1.5 Hotels
The Hotel Kometa, Hotel Fili, and Hotel Polyot, which are located in Area 95 near the Launch Complex, are used to
house personnel during a launch campaign.
The SC processing facilities and Proton launch complex are located at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in the Republic of
Kazakhstan in Central Asia, approximately 2,000 km southeast of Moscow. The annual temperature averages 13oC,
ranging from -40oC in winter to 45oC in summer. Figure 1.3-1 depicts the overall layout of the Cosmodrome, showing
the facilities that are used for ILS launch campaigns. The specific SC processing areas at Cosmodrome described
include:
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The Baikonur Cosmodrome is equipped with spur-railroad service lines that are used for most transport. Specialized
equipment is available for fueling, handling of compressed gases, and SC integration with the LV.
The main buildings within the technical complex are the integration and testing facilities. Assembly and integration of
the various stages of the Proton LV are carried out in the Launch Vehicle Integration Building. Spacecraft preparation,
testing, and integration with the launch vehicle fourth stage and the fairing are accomplished either in Area 92,
(Building 92A-50) or in Area 31, (Buildings 40/40D), which are both Spacecraft Processing Areas. Spacecraft fueling
and pneumatics pressurization are accomplished in either Area 92, (Building 92A-50) or Area 31, (Building 44) the
Spacecraft Fueling Hall). The LV fourth stage with the mated spacecraft and fairing are transferred to the LV
Technical Zone in Area 92, (Building 92-1), where they are horizontally mated to the assembled LV Stages 1-3. The
integrated LV is then transported to the Proton Launch Zone (Area 81) for erection, checkout, and launch (see Section
6.3: Launch Complex Facilities).
This section describes the specific functional areas included within Facility 92A-50, as well as the equipment and
services available to SC Customers for pre-launch payload processing.
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A SC, in the manufacturer’s shipping container, is delivered into Hall 101 on railcar, after having been cleaned in the
Receiving Area. In Hall 101, the container is removed from the railcar and placed on the floor. After the railcar is
removed and the environment reestablished, the SC is removed from the shipping container and placed on a
transporter to be moved into the Processing and Fueling Hall (Hall 103A). Once there the SC is placed on the fueling
island and require no further movement in order to complete all necessary standalone assembly, checkout, propellant
loading, and pneumatics servicing. When ready, the SC is moved by special transport dolly to the Integration Hall
(Hall 101) for mating to the Proton upper stage and encapsulation inside the nose fairing.
Building 92A-50 is approximately 229 m long and 147 m wide. Only a portion of the building is used for commercial
programs.
The Receiving Area (Hall 102) is the primary entrance for the SC and associated equipment, and is located on the east
side of the building.
The main entry into 92A-50 for ILS and SC processing personnel is next to Hall 103A, on the west end of the
building, near the Change Room Area. An additional entrance on the north side of Hall 103A is used for Control
Room equipment delivery.
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An overhead crane is provided in Hall 102 to transfer SC GSE from their railcars to the floor for storage and
offloading.
Container cleaning is accomplished in Hall 102. An area of approximately 240 square meters is provided for non-Class
100,000 storage of non-hazardous items.
The overall clear dimensions of Hall 102 are approximately 70.5 m by 36 m. The clear ceiling height is 25.85 m, and
the height of the overhead 50 T crane hook is 18.01 m. The SC unloading area is approximately 8.85 m wide and 34.1
m long.
When ready, the SC Container on the railcar is moved, via railcar, from Hall 102 to the inside of Hall 101 where it is
transferred to an air pallet for the move into the Processing and Fueling Area (Hall 103A). Alternatively, the SC may
be moved using its own wheeled container, a transport dolly.
Overhead bridge cranes are used to transfer the SC from the Transport Dolly to the rollover fixture, as well as
transferring the integrated Ascent Unit from the rollover fixture to a railcar for delivery to the Integration Facility
92-1.
This Hall is also used for electrical checkouts of the Breeze M stage prior to fueling.
Hall 101 is 34.5 m wide and 107 m long. It has a full-height wall and ceiling facing as well as door sealing, thermal
insulation, and an anti-static floor coating.
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6.2.1.4 Spacecraft Processing and Fueling Hall - Hall 103A (Room 4101)
Hall 103A (also referred to as Room 4101), the Processing and Fueling Hall, is used for pre-encapsulation SC
processing, including loading propellants and servicing pneumatics in the SC (Figure 6.2.1.4-1). Access to Hall 103A
is made available from Hall 103 through two sliding doors with a clear opening that is 9.5 m wide by 11.95 m high. A
15 MT overhead bridge crane, is provided.
An 8 m by 8 m fueling island, located on the west side of Hall 103A, is used for oxidizer and fuel transfer operations. It
is surrounded by a grating-covered trench, which drains any fuel or oxidizer spills into separate waste tanks. The
grating permits the passage of wheeled dollies.
The floor of Hall 103A has an anti-static coating and a load rating of 10 MT (3,000 kg/cm2) per truck axle. All
finishes in Hall 103A use materials that do not react with propellants.
The wall between Hall 103A and Hall 103 includes a pair of large doors designed to withstand a 60 kilogram per
square meter overpressure load.
Rooms 4114 and 4116 provide rapid egress routes from Hall 103A, and the Pressurization Airlock (Room 4110)
provides the standard egress route. Rooms 4114 and 4116 each have three emergency showers and eyewashes. The
SCAPE Shower Areas (Rooms 4121 and 4122) have showers for post-operation clean-up. A parking lot for
ambulances and fire trucks is located next to the rapid egress routes. The Pressurization Airlock (Room 4110) and the
space between the double doors between Hall 103 and 103A are pressurized with clean air in order to isolate Hall 103A
during propellant loading operations.
The clear dimensions for the SC Processing and Fueling Hall 103A are 16.5 m wide by 22 m long.
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BUILDING 92A-50
SPACECRAFT PROCESSING &
FUELING AREA
.
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6.2.1.5 Fuel and Oxidizer Conditioning Rooms - Rooms 4112 & 4105
Room 4112, the Fuel Conditioning Room, is used for temporary storage of the campaign fuel (e.g., MMH, N2H4)
and thermal conditioning of the fuel before loading. Room 4105, the Oxidizer Conditioning Room, is used for
temporary storage of the campaign oxidizer (e.g.N2O4) and thermal conditioning of the oxidizer before loading (Plate
3.1-6). Both rooms have the capability to collect and dispose of propellant spills. Room 4112 contains no materials
that react with fuel, and Room 4105 contains no materials that react with oxidizer.
The floors in both rooms have an anti-static coating and a load rating of 10 MT(3,000 kg/cm2 ) per truck axle. The
floor elevations are the same as Room 4101.
Room 4105 and 4112 are approximately 5.7 m long and 4.4 m wide, and both have clear ceiling heights of 2.9 m.
6.2.1.6 Fuel and Oxidizer Equipment Decontamination Rooms - Rooms 4111 & 4115
Room 4111, the Fuel Equipment Decontamination Room, is used to decontaminate fuel loading. Room 4115, the
Oxidizer Equipment Decontamination Room, is used to decontaminate oxidizer loading equipment. Both rooms have
the capability to collect and dispose of propellant spills. Room 4111 contains no materials that react with fuel, and
Room 4115 incorporates no materials that react with oxidizer.
Rooms 4111 and 4115 are both 6.1 m long and 4.1 m wide, and both have clear ceiling heights of 2.95 m.
A blast-resistant (bulletproof) viewing window is provided between the Control Room and Hall 103A for monitoring
all processing and fueling operations. The wall between 103A and the Control Room is a welded, reinforced steel
structure that provides a hermetic seal.
The Control Room is 4.9 m by 12.9 m in overall dimension, with a clear ceiling height of 3. 1 m. An equipment entry
vestibule, with inner and outer doors 2.9 m wide and 2.9 m high, is provided to facilitate equipment movement into
the Control Room.
The floors of the Control Room and all associated access corridors are designed for wheeled dollies. Forklifts may be
used to bring equipment into the vestibule of the room, but they are not permitted to operate in the Control Room
itself. Temporary ramps are available to aide moving items from the entrance vestibule into the Control Room.
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a) a street-level entrance
d) SC Customer security checkpoint with viewing windows and security sensor alarm panel (Room 0318)
Because these rooms serve general purpose administrative functions, they have an office-type environment.
6.2.1.11 SCAPE Doffing Rooms and Showers - Rooms 4108, 4109, 4121 and 4122
The SCAPE Doffing Rooms; Rooms 4108 for Fuel and 4109 for Oxidizer, are available for donning and doffing
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for a propellant loading operation. As necessary, SCAPE Showers, Rooms 4121
for Fuel and 4122 for Oxidizer, are available to decontaminate the PPE suits before doffing. The dedicated showers
are plumbed to the respective liquid waste tanks.
Room 4108 is approximately 1.65 m by 3.0 m and Room 4109 is approximately 1.9 m by 5.4 m. Room 4121 is 1.2 m
by 3.4 m and Room 4122 is 1.2 m by 3.4 m.
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A refrigerator/freezer is available for consumable storage. The unit has an internal volume of approximately 1 cubic
meter, and its operating temperature is adjustable from -18 to + 10°C.
The wall-to-wall dimensions of the Clean Storage Hall (Hall 103) are 17.5 m by 31.8 m at floor level, and the ceiling
height is 15.0 m. At heights greater than 3 m above the floor, the width of Hall 103 restricted by HVAC ducting to
about 16 m.
b) Only insensitive explosives are permitted, and each item must be individually packaged in U.S. Department of
Transportation-approved shipping and storage containers
c) The SC Customer must provide a certificate of conformance to the Hazard of Electromagnetic Radiation to
Ordnance (HERO) Specification (MIL-I-23659)
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6.2.1.14 Offices and Conference Room Area - Rooms 1202 through 1209
An Office/Conference Room Area (Rooms 1202 - 1209) is located on the second floor of Building 92A-50 (Figure
6.2.1.14). The functions of the seven constituent rooms are:
Restrooms are accessible from the corridor serving the Office/Conference Room Area; general access to the area is via
stairs from the “street” entrance to the Change Room Area. Only essential personnel are permitted in the
Office/Conference Room Area during propellant transfer operations.
Two egress routes are available from the area: the normal route at the western end of the room block that exits to the
“street” entrance to the Change Room Area; and an emergency evacuation route that exits east through the
Khrunichev area of the building. A 2,000 kg capacity freight elevator, with a 1.8 m wide by 2.2 m high door opening
and floor measuring 2.0 m by 3.0 m, is also available in the Khrunichev work area.
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Building 40
Building 44 Common Hal l
Propellant
Filling Hall 300-500 m A scent Uni t
Int egrati onA r ea
Area C Area A
Rm.1
Hal l 1 00
Rm. Rm.
119 120
Area B SC Rm.
Area 121
SC fueling area
Building 40D
Preparation Hall
P A S -5 -
091
This section describes the specific areas of Buildings 40/40D as well as the equipment and services available to SC
Customers for pre-launch payload processing. Payload processing refers to the final preparation of space payloads,
upper stages, fairings, and related spaceflight support equipment. It is intended to provide sufficient information to
enable customers, and potential customers, to make detailed plans for payload processing activities. It also serves as a
useful reference for the facility areas, equipment, and services available during actual payload processing operations.
b) Processing of the Fourth Stage, the LV adapter system, and the Fairing
c) Ascent Unit integration (i.e., mating the Fourth Stage, the LV adapter system, the SC, and the Fairing, followed
by electrical checkouts)
Building 40D is a three-story facility that adjoins Building 40 and includes satellite preparation, ground equipment,
and personnel/office areas.
Details of Buildings 40 and 40D are described and illustrated in the paragraphs that follow.
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Hall 100 is approximately 120 m long and 30 m wide, with a height of over 18 m. The total usable area is
approximately 2,500 square meters. The room has 8.4 m wide, 10 m high doors to accommodate transport vehicles.
Two overhead traveling bridge cranes are available for lifting and loading operations. This hall houses facilities for
vertical SC integration and the necessary mechanical ground support equipment (GSE) for integration operations with
the Fourth Stage, the LV adapter system, the Fairing, and the assembled Ascent Unit. Figure 6.2.2.2-1 shows the
hall’s general arrangement.
Room 100
Railway
Thermal Transporter Traveling
Area A
Control Car with SC Crane Above
30 m Room
Room 120
Ascent Unit
Locomotive Area C Area B 119
Integration Room
Stand 121
6.2.2.2.1 Area A
Area A, which measures approximately 11 m by 47 m, is a Class 100,000 clean area used for final preparation of the
Ascent Unit and its components. It also is used for integration of the SC with the SC flight adapter and then with the
Fourth Stage. Final encapsulation of the spacecraft takes place in this zone. It is separated from Area B by an 8 m high
partition that has an upper opening approximately 18 m long and 4 m high used for transferring cargo by crane
between Areas A and B.
6.2.2.2.2 Area B
Area B measures approximately 19 m by 47 m. It is, essentially, a Class 100,000 airlock used to transition material
from Area C into the Class 100,000 Area A cleanroom, as well as through a door into Building 40D, Room 119.
6.2.2.2.3 Area C
Area C measures approximately 30 m by 73 m and constitutes approximately half of Building 40. It is not strictly
environmentally controlled and is used for loading/unloading SC and support equipment, as well as the Fourth Stage
and Ascent Unit components.
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5.5 m
4m
(H = 7 m)
(H = 5 m)
9m
Room 120
Room 119 16 m
H = 4.5 m
Room 121
13 m 12 m
Room
104
Rooms:
5. 5 m 101 - Personnel changing
Room 101 room
104 - Air shower
114
108 - Security Office
12 m 2m 109 - Medical Office
Room 110
112 - Security Checkpoint
Room 116 - Rest room
Room 111 Room 120 - Control Room
3m Room
122 109 108 121 - Storage
Room
112
122 - ILS Storage
The normal personnel entrance into Building 40D is through an outside door past a security checkpoint. This building
is the only one completely controlled by U.S. security for the duration of a launch campaign. Security video monitors
are located in the first floor Security Office (Room 108). Access to cleanroom areas (Room 119, 120, 121) is through
an air shower (Room 104) into Room 121.
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A header rack to supply compressed air, nitrogen, and helium (at 240 and 350 bars), a blast shield, and service units
(to provide access to the SC) are provided to support stand-alone SC processing.
The walls and ceilings of all support rooms are plastered and coated with water-based paint. The walls of toilet and
shower rooms are faced with ceramic tiles throughout their entire height. The floors of the support rooms are cast-in-
place concrete; the floors of the toilets and shower room are covered with ceramic tiles.
SC loading equipment, packing materials, and containers are stored in Area C or in Building 14, which is located near
Building 40. Sealand containers and pallets are stored outside Building 40.
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Rooms:
Room 202
201 - ILS Office
203 - 50 Hz Power
Room 203 Room 203 Conditioning
Equipment
204 - Security Office
Rm
Room Rm
Room 206/7 Restroom
207
207 206
206 208 - Khrunichev
Storage
Room 201
PA S- 5-023
Room
303
Room 305
Room
31 3 Room 304
Rm
Room Room
312 31
311
1
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The second floor of Building 40D is used by the ILS team. Room 201 (48 m2) is used as the ILS Office Area, and
Room 204 (32 m2) is used for ILS Security. Room 203 houses 50 Hz power racks and is reserved for Khrunichev
engineers. Rooms 206 and 207 are restrooms/washrooms, and Room 208 is used for Khrunichev storage.
The third floor of Building 40D is used by the SC Customer‘s team. It has two available offices: Rooms 301 (48 m2)
and 307 (15 m2). Room 305 (42 m2) is normally used as a breakroom. Room 306 (42 m2) is used as a conference
room. Rooms 311 and 312 are restrooms, and Room 304 contains Khrunichev communications switch gear.
This section describes the specific areas of Building 44, as well as the equipment and services, available to SC
Customers for payload propellant filling operations.
Commercial SC enter Building 44 through Room 3 and use Filling Room 1 for SC propellant loading. The SC is
placed on the Customer's fueling stand in a clean tent and secured to a tray platform. Room 1 includes a 5.5 m wide by
7 m high sliding door and two emergency exits. Two emergency exits are equipped with panic hardware (each lock
normally keeps the door closed but is immediately released when pressed from the inside).
In addition to the main high-bays, a Control Room on the second floor (Room 58) is used for electrical ground
support equipment to monitor the SC. Fuel and oxidizer decontamination rooms are available for decontamination of
support equipment following loading. Areas for propellant thermal conditioning also are available.
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A clean tent is installed in Room 1 to provide a clean zone for the SC and propellant support equipment. The clean
tent consists of two parts: the SC Zone, which measures approximately 9.2 m by 7.6 m; and the Ground Support
Equipment (GSE) Zone, which measures approximately 4.6 m by 6.6 m. Two configuration options are available to
the SC Customer for the clean tent: a pass-through corridor may be installed between the SC and GSE zones to
facilitate personnel passage between the two areas; or a blast shield may be installed between the SC and GSE zones to
prevent personnel passage between the two areas. The clean tent has three exits with ramps.
The walls of the clean tent are made of a transparent, non-particulate-forming, anti-static polymer that is compatible
with propellant vapors. The walls are mounted on a frame made of stainless steel vertical beams and cross-members.
The floor of the tent is made of aluminum, with a stainless steel center section, designed to interface with an SC or SC
adapter. The aluminum floor has channels that are approximately 2 m apart and 3 to 8 cm deep that provide a pathway
for liquid spills to drain to one end of the tent and to the spill tanks located underneath the floor of Building 44. The
oxidizer sump drain is located in Room 2, and the fuel sump drain is located in Room 1.
Conditioned air is supplied to the SC and GSE area through the side walls of the tent at two locations to achieve a
Class 100,000 cleanroom. The air flows into the tent and leaves through outlets at the bottom of the walls. The tent is
pressurized to between 9.8 and 28.6 Pa relative to the outside of the tent. HEPA filters are installed at the inlets of the
stainless steel air ducts. Lighting in the clean tent is provided at an illumination of 100 dekalux. The top and front top
wall of the tent may be opened to facilitate entry of the SC and GSE after tent installation.
Each decontamination room is supplied with gaseous nitrogen, which may be used to purge SC ground support
equipment. Floor drains in each room are connected to the facility’s appropriate contaminated water sump tanks.
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a) Room 11, which provides the entrance to Room 1 and the locker room
b) Room 12, which is used as the staging area for SCAPE personnel
a) Transfer the Ascent Unit from its railway transportation unit to a mating stand.
c) Conduct electrical checks of the LV transit circuits and verify the hardware links between the Ascent Unit and the
LV
The Proton LV Processing Room is approximately 30 m wide, 119 m long, and 22.9 m high. The room has three rail
tracks with a gauge of 1,524 mm. The central track and one of the lateral tracks are throughways, while the third track
terminates in the Processing Room. Along the building’s central axis, there are three double-leaf gates measuring 4.7
by 5.6 m, and one electric-operated rolling (central) gate measuring 8.4 by 10 m.
Temperature and humidity in the room are maintained between 13 and 27oC and between 30 and 60 percent,
respectively. While it is in the room, the temperature and humidity of the SC are maintained within required levels by
using the Thermal Conditioning Railcar, if necessary.
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600 m
Launch
Pad 23
Launch
Pad 24
340 m
Bunker
Rooms 250/251
PUG968
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30.515 m 30.400 m
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Room 250 is allocated for installation of SC equipment, and Room 251 is the ILS Security Office.
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7. LAUNCH CAMPAIGN
7.1.1 Khrunichev
a) Overall responsibility for coordinating work performed at the launch complex by the Strategic Rocket Forces (and
NPO Energia if Block DM used)
b) Engineering support and quality inspection for all testing performed on Stages 1-3 of the Launch Vehicle, as well
as the adapters and fairing. For launches with the Breeze M Khrunichev is also responsible for Breeze M
engineering, inspection and test
c) Maintenance of Buildings 92A-50 (Halls 103A, 103, and 101) and 40/40D; and the hotel complex
e) Coordinating Baikonur and Leninsk medical services with Strategic Rocket Forces
d) Launch Vehicle operations from integration in Building 92-1 through erection on pad and launch
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7.1.4 ILS
a) Prime interface between the Customer and Khrunichev
b) Coordinating campaign schedules and operations with the SC Customer and Khrunichev
c) Logistics
d) Safety overview as an advisory function to SC and Customer management, as well as physical security of SC assets
while at Baikonour processing facilities
All matters that could potentially affect the terms of the Launch Service Agreement (the contract) between a SC
Customer and ILS must be dealt with by the SC Customer and ILS. Matters affecting the terms of the subcontract
between ILS and Khrunichev must be dealt with by ILS and Khrunichev. In particular, any issues involving possible
additional costs must be mutually agreed upon through these contractual relationships.
ILS will coordinate all logistics support and operations planning with both the SC Customer and Khrunichev.
ILS may assign a safety engineer to monitor any given operation to ensure that all activities are carried out in
conformance with the mutually agreed upon safety plan. This safety engineer is present for all hazardous operations.
Figure 7.2.1-1 provides a diagrammatic representation of a typical operational organization used during a launch
campaign.
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SC Subcontractor
Other Subcontractors
Khrunichev
SC Ops Manager ILS Ops Manager
Ops Manager
For each operation, one person from the SC Customer organization, ILS and Khrunichev is designated as team leader
for their respective organizations. Agreements among organizations can only be reached among these three team
leaders.
Security personnel from either or both ILS and the Strategic Rocket Forces may be present during any operation if
required by the Security Plan.
ILS provides at least one interpreter for each combined operation. Special training is conducted with the SC Customer
and Russian personnel for joint crane operations to ensure reliable communications between English and Russian-
speaking personnel.
Either Khrunichev or the SC Customer provides a Quality Assurance Representative for each operation who
documents any test discrepancies on a Quality Assurance Report.
Strategic Rocket Forces personnel implement many of the operations at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. The Strategic
Rocket Forces is a Khrunichev subcontractor and, as such, coordinates directly with Khrunichev and NOT with the SC
Customer or ILS personnel.
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At certain stages in the campaign, ILS holds meetings to give the go-ahead for critical phases of a campaign. These
critical phases include:
c) SC Encapsulation
d) Launch
Two critical meetings require high-level concurrence prior to proceeding to the next phase of the campaign. These are:
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
SC C ustom er
Mi ssion
Director
ILS
Mi ssion
Ma nager Re adiness
Review B oard Launch
LIFT- O F F
Authorization Strategic R ocket Authorization Automa tic
CO M M AND
Fo rce s Launch C o m puter-Co ntrolled
Co m m ander Se quencer
En ergia
Mi ssion
Director
(if Bloc k DM
used)
KB O M *
*Design Bur eau for G e n eral M a chi ne E n gin eering (Lau nc h S ite) Not e: Lau n c h C o m m a n d er has so le auth o rity to a bor t lau n c h
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The Strategic Rocket Forces directs the countdown, which follows a pre-approved script. The Launch Commander
receives authorization to launch from the Readiness Review Board, which consists primarily of the five entities shown
in Figure 7.3-1.
Certain organizations have pre-assigned abort capability. Each of these organizations is asked to acknowledge the
readiness of their subsystems on Launch Day according to the Launch Day Script. These subsystem readiness checks
are as follows:
c) SC Readiness: SC Customer
Each organization designates a single individual to provide the above authorities on Launch Day, and each
representative is vested with abort authority over the launch sequencer for their respective area of responsibility. For
example, the SC Customer may abort the start sequence as late as 2.5 seconds prior to lift-off contact.
Once all readiness signals are received, the command circuit is ready and is waiting only for the Launch Vehicle Start
Command to be issued automatically by the Start Timer Mechanism. This command is issued at 2.5 seconds prior to
liftoff, at which time the final relay closes, sending a command transferring to on-board power and initiating the First
Stage engine ignition sequence.
The SC Customer is capable of aborting the Launch Vehicle Start Command issued by the Start Timer Mechanism.
The launch aborts if this circuit is open when the Launch Vehicle Start Command is issued. If the circuit is opened
following issuance of the Launch Vehicle Start Command, the launch can no longer be aborted. The SC Customer can
abort the launch countdown up to 2.5 seconds prior to lift-off contact.
The Fourth Stage Manager can abort the launch by removing power from the command circuit. He has this capability
up to 2.5 seconds prior to lift-off contact.
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Figure 7.5-1 provides a similar schedule assuming the use of Building 92A-50 for SC processing. Figure 7.5-2 provides
details of the SC processing timeline using Area 31 facilities.
The typical duration of a launch campaign from SC arrival to launch is 30 days, depending on SC manufacturer and
Customer requirements.
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Figure 7.5-1: Typical SC Campaign Operations Assuming Use of Building 92A-50 (Continued)
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In advance of SC arrival, Payload Processing Facilities undergo facility activation and certification. Buildings 40,
40D, 44, or 92A-50 are verified to meet environmental control and cleanliness requirements, in addition to
commodities and power support requirements usually a week prior to the SC arrival date.
The SC and its ground support equipment (GSE) arrive at Yubeleini Airport via a SC Customer-chartered aircraft,
where they are offloaded and loaded onto railcars. These operations are supported by Khrunichev-supplied mobile
cranes, K-loader, and 5 and 15-ton forklifts as required. After the SC container is placed on a railcar, it may be
connected to a thermal control railcar via two air duct flanges (inlet and outlet air flow) to provide thermal
conditioning during transport. Some spacecraft containers are completely self-contained thermally and
environmentally and do not require this support option. The thermal car also provides a dynamic load monitoring
system, so use of the car may be limited to use of this system. SC Customer personnel effects may be transported
directly to the hotel by truck.
7.5.3 Area 31 (Buildings 40, 40D, 44) - Spacecraft Testing, Fueling, and Ascent Unit integration
The SC and its GSE are transported by rail convoy approximately 70 km to Area 31; transport duration is
approximately 7-10 hours, depending on time of day of transport.
The SC and its GSE are offloaded outside of Building 40, Room 100, Zone C using 5 and 15-ton forklifts. The
Building 40 bridge crane may be used for offloading large GSE such as the SC container. Spacecraft GSE and
container handling proceed as required for each unique spacecraft operations flow.
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a) SC container offloaded from railcar in Rm 100C, using overhead bridge crane, and container lid removed
b) SC rotated to the vertical position and moved into Rm 119, placed on transporter
Note: A portable blast shield is available for use if required for high-pressure leak checks
Following Fourth Stage filling in Building 44 (Filling Hall), Room 1 of the Filling Hall is readied to receive the SC.
This includes setting up the clean tent and all fluid/gas systems. The SC may be bagged to protect it during any brief
exposures to less than Class 100 000 environments. It is then rolled out of Building 40D Room 119 to Building 40,
Room 100, Zone B, where it is transferred to the support on the base of the Thermal Transport Container. The SC
maintains its vertical orientation, as the Thermal Transport Container is designed to interface to the SC adapter
mating surface. This container is used to transfer the SC to the Filling Hall for propellant fueling. Once on the
container base, the SC container cover is installed, and the container is lifted onto the railcar in Zone C for transport.
The thermal control railcar may be used to provide conditioned air and dynamic load data during transportation. Use
of this temperature control system may be waived by the SC Customer since the nominal time for transportation to the
Filling Hall is of short duration (less than 1 hour). The Thermal Transport Container has been specifically designed to
provide thermal stability for an extended period of time.
The SC is moved to Building 44 (Filling Hall) 250 meters away, and the Thermal Transport Container cover is
removed in Room 2 and placed on support stands. The railcar is then rolled into Room 1 and the SC is hoisted from
the Thermal Transport Container base onto the SC loading stand already installed in the clean tent. The clean tent
ceiling is closed and a Class 100 000 environment is established.
Propellants are loaded in accordance with the SC Manufacturer’s procedure. The facility provides passive vapor vent
and active vapor extraction, as well as liquid waste disposal and commodities such as water, breathing air, and GN2.
Propellant GSE is decontaminated using rooms in the Filling Hall specifically dedicated to this purpose. Hot and cold
GN2 purge is available as required.
Following fueling, the process is reversed and the SC is returned to the Thermal Transport Container and then moved
back to Building 40, Room 100 for further testing and processing. Electrical checkouts are made on the adapter
electrical harnesses. The SC is moved from Zone B to Zone A and placed onto the flight adapter (s).
The SC and its adapter is then mated to the Fourth Stage. For certain SC, this may require the use of an integration
stand commonly referred to as the “Gallows”. The Gallows allows taller payloads to be installed onto the Fourth
Stage without structurally modifying Building 40D. The flight clamp band is installed and tightened to the correct
flight-specific tension.
Following integration, an end-to-end electrical checkout is performed. The composite Ascent Unit is rotated to the
horizontal for encapsulation with the two fairing halves. Following encapsulation, an RF GO/NO GO test is
performed through the RF window. The Ascent Unit is then transferred to its railcar for transport to Area 92. During
transport, the Ascent Unit is thermally conditioned using the thermal conditioning railcar; input air to the Ascent Unit
is provided at the base of the Fourth Stage and output occurs at the Fairing nose.
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
7.5.4 Area 92 (Building 92A-50) - Spacecraft Testing, Fueling, and Ascent Unit Integration
In this processing scenario, the SC and its GSE are transported by rail convoy approximately 30 km to Building 92A-
50, Room 102 , where external cleaning of the SC container is performed in Hall 102. Final cleaning is completed in
this area prior to moving the SC to the Integration Hall (Hall 101). Hall 101 is a Class 100,000 cleanroom, and the
SC container cover may be removed here or in Hall 103A as required by the unique mission-specific SC processing
flow.
b) Remove container from the railcar and place on the floor in Hall 101
e) Lift SC Container onto KhSC-supplied air pallet or Customer-supplied transport dolly to roll into 103A
Note: Container lid removal may also be accomplished in Hall 103A as required by the Customer.
The SC container and lid may be stored in Hall 101. Electrical test equipment is brought into the control room by
means of an external door which opens directly into the control room loading area. This is a small buffer zone between
two sets of double doors with a concrete floor.
After container removal, SC electrical testing, pneumatic testing, and propellant fueling occurs in Hall 103A. Pass-
throughs from the control room are available for cabling. These cable feeds are verified to be leak-tight prior to
propellant operations. The 60 Hz, 120 Vac power source is provided by an UPS. Typically the UPS is activated the
week prior to SC arrival and not deactivated until the SC leaves the facility and all parties agree that no further
requirement for it exists. A portable blast shield is available for high-pressure tests.
For propellant operations, the facility is configured with liquid waste aspirators, passive vent scrubbers, and a vapor
detection system which alarms locally, in the control room, and at the Security Command Post. Breathing air is
supplied by a single source which is sampled prior to operations. GN2, water, and shop air are provided on demand. A
fire suppression system which will arm but not release on alarm is also active in Hall 103A. The command to activate
the suppression system deluge is made in the control room, and is not an automatic function of the alarm system. LN2
is available with 24 hr call-up.
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The loaded SC is transported back to Hall 101 using the Transport Dolly. The SC is lifted from the transporter and
mated to the SC adapter using the 50T bridge crane. The SC/adapter unit is then lifted and mated to the Fourth Stage
which has been previously installed in the Integration Stand. The adapter clampband is installed and tensioned.
Incremental electrical continuity tests are performed at each phase, with the final check being an end-to-end test with
the SC mated to the Fourth Stage.
After SC integration, final closeout operations and photographs are performed. The combined Fourth Stage/SC is
rotated to the horizontal position on the integration stand and is encapsulated by the bi-conic payload Fairing. After
the upper fairing half is emplaced, an RF Go/NoGo test is performed to ensure that the SC link has not been disturbed
and that the RF window is transparent to RF. This is performed as soon as the fairing half is mechanically emplaced
and before continuation of encapsulation sealing operations. If any anomaly is found, the fairing may be removed
relatively easily at this point. After determining a good RF signal, encapsulation is completed.
After encapsulation and required RF testing, the integrated Ascent Unit is placed on a railcar for transport to Building
92-1 (Integration Hall) for integration with the Proton Launch Vehicle. At this point, the processing flow for all SC
becomes a common flow, independent of SC Processing Facility.
For LVs with a Block DM, the LV will be transported out to the pad directly from 92-1 at L-5. Fr LVs with the
Breeze M, the LV will be transported first to 92A-50 for final integrated Breeze M tests. This will be followed by
transportation to the Breeze M Filling Station for top off of the low pressure MMH and N2O4 reservoirs on its way to
Launch Pad 24.
The first of two Inter-governmental Commission Meetings is held on Day L-6, prior to vehicle roll-out to the pad, to
ensure all agencies are go for pad roll-out. All LV agencies, including the SC Manufacturer will be called upon to
provide a launch readiness statement.
The LV along with the thermal control railcar is moved to the launch pad. The vehicle is erected, and the liquid
thermal conditioning system is activated. An RF check of the SC telemetry and command links is performed from the
Bunker (Room 250) prior to Mobile Service Tower rollup. Once the Mobile Service Tower is in place, the Ascent Unit
air-conditioning system is activated and the liquid system is turned off.
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The SC Customer is expected to participate in a Launch Countdown Rehearsal on Day 3 on pad. This countdown
rehearsal is supported by a full booster vehicle launch crew countdown and requires the SC Customer to indicate SC
readiness to go at the required time. The rehearsal also includes a planned abort on a SC No-Go condition. SC full
fidelity countdown rehearsal is not required for this exercise, simply the operation of the readiness switch at the
planned time in accordance with the 7/701 script.
The second Inter-Governmental Commission Meeting is held at T-8 hours, to ensure all agencies are go for launch
prior to propellant load of the booster vehicle. At T-8 hours, the launch pad is cleared of all non-essential personnel,
and at T-6 hours, propellant load commences. At T- 2.5 hours, the pad is open for final closeouts and service tower
removal. At T-2 hours, all personnel are cleared from the hotel areas and should be in their final positions for launch
i.e. Bunker, Viewing Area, and Comm Center. Note that personnel in the Bunker and the Comm center should be
limited to essential personnel only.
The SC Customer participates in the final countdown by sending a SC readiness to launch signal at T-10 minutes, as
noted in the Countdown Organization discussion.
Active commanding of the SC is prohibited during critical booster vehicle functions. Propellant fueling of the booster
vehicle, which starts at T- 8 hours, is one such time-frame. Other typical RF silence and no-command times are
shown in Figure 7.7-2.
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P r ot on - K M
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A number of enhancement options are being studied for the Proton system including enhanced payload fairing options,
avionics enhancements, and upper stage modifications to further improve capabilities of Proton heavy lift launch
system.
With adoption of the Breeze M upper stage, larger payload fairings can be easily mounted to the Proton booster
vehicle. Unlike the Block DM configuration vehicle, the design of the Breeze M enables the stage to be completely
encapsulated inside the fairing. For the Breeze M configuration, the payload fairing is attached directly to the third
stage of Proton enabling large volume/higher mass fairings to be successfully carried with the limits of the Proton
design. A number of payload fairing options have been assessed for development with the commercial Proton
M/Breeze M configuration. Figure 8.1-1 illustrates some of those options.
With these conceptual systems, usable volume diameters as great as 4.2-meters have been envisioned. Usable
cylindrical volume lengths of up to 15,000-mm have been assessed and determined feasible with the existing control
authority capability of the Proton launch system.
ILS and KhSC are willing to develop these concepts with the award of firm launch services contracts. These fairing
options can be fielded in 30-36 months of authority to proceed and will support Proton M and Proton M/Breeze M
vehicle launches as early as mid-2001.
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Figure 8.2-1: Breeze-M Launch Configuration With Tandem Launch Systems (TLS)
30
4
39
5
21
45
20
1
1
19
4
6
30
Φ 4350
1
Φ 2490
0
2
6
Φ 4100
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
8.5 SUMMARY
The mature partnership between Lockheed Martin and Russian partners Khrunichev Space Center and RSC Energia is
now enabling ILS to explore the next evolutionary steps in effectively supporting Proton commercial launch services.
ILS is ready to discuss, with potential customers, straight forward enhancements in Proton launch services capability
to meet near term commercial launch services needs.
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8K82
(Proton D)
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
The Block DM fourth stage of the Proton was developed independently during the 1960s as the fifth stage of the
Russian manned lunar launch vehicle, the N2-L3. It was originally known in Russia as the Block D ("block" is the
common translation of the Russian word denoting a rocket "stage", while "D" is the fifth letter in the Russian
alphabet). The vehicle was upgraded during the 1970s to the current Block DM (modernized) version.
The Proton model numbers D, D-1, D-l-e, SL-13, and SL-12 were the designations in prior use in the United States,
with the D numbers having been applied by the Library of Congress and the SL numbers originating with the
Department of Defense.
Proton has flown more than 235 missions, and has carried the Salyut series space stations and the Mir space station
modules. It has launched the Ekran, Raduga, and Gorizont series of geostationary communications satellites (which
provided telephone, telegraph, and television service within Russia and between member states of the Intersputnik
Organization), as well as the Zond, Luna, Venera, Mars, Vega, and Phobos inter-planetary exploration spacecraft.
The Proton has also launched the entire constellation of Glonass position location satellites. All Russian geostationary
and interplanetary missions are launched on Proton. Approximately 90% of all Proton launches have been the four-
stage version.
The Proton launch vehicle has a long history of outstanding reliability. From its first operational launch in 1970 to the
present day, Proton has averaged a 92.5% success rate. Today the Proton launch vehicle has a 92% (moving average)
success rate over its last 50 launches. The recent history of Proton's launch reliability is shown in Table
A.1-2.
1992 8
1994 13
1995 6 1
1998 5 1
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4-stage 3-stage
17 Jul 1977 w Cosmos-929 301 km x 308 km at 51.5 deg
23 Jul 1977 w Raduga-3 GSO
4 Aug 1977 F Cosmos Failed to orbit
20 Sep 1977 w Ekran-2 GSO
29 Sep 1977 w Salyut-6 380 km x 391 km at 51.6 deg
14 Oct 1977 F Unknown Failed to orbit
30 Mar 1978 Cosmos-997 and 998 230 km x 200 km at 51.6 deg
27 May 1978 F Ekran Failed to orbit First stage failure
18 Jul 1978 w Raduga-4 GSO
17 Aug 1978 F Ekran Failed to orbit Second stage failure
9 Sep 1978 w Venera-l l Escape
14 Sep 1978 w Venera-12 Escape
17 Oct 1978 F Ekran Failed to orbit Second stage failure
19 Dec 1978 w Gorizont-1 20,600 km x 50,960 km at 14.3 deg Failure?
21 Feb 1979 w Ekran-3 GSO
25 Apr 1979 w Raduga-5 GSO
22 May 1979 w Cosmos- 1100 and 1101 193 km x 223 km at 51.6 deg
5 Jul 1979 w Gorizont-2 GSO
3 Oct 1979 w Ekran-4 GSO
28 Dec 1979 w Gorizont-3 GSO
2 Feb 1980 w Raduga-6 GSO
14 Jun 1980 w Gorizont-4 GSO
15 Jul 1980 w Ekran-5 GSO
5 Oct 1980 w Raduga-7 GSO
26 Dec 1980 w Ekran-6 GSO
18 Mar 1981 w Raduga-8 GSO
25 Apr 1981 w Cosmos-1267 240 km x 278 km at 51.5 deg
26 Jun 1981 w Ekran-7 GSO
30 Jul 1981 w Raduga-9 GSO
9 Oct 1981 w Raduga-10 GSO
30 Oct 1981 w Venera-13 Escape
4 Nov 1981 w Venera-14 Escape
5 Feb 1982 w Ekran-8 GSO
15 Mar 1982 w Gorizont-5 GSO
19 Apr 1982 w Salyut-7 473 km x 474 km at 51.6 deg
17 May 1982 w Cosmos-1366 GSO
23 Jul 1982 F Ekran Failed to orbit First stage failure
16 Sep 1982 w Ekran-9 GSO
12 Oct 1982 w Cosmos-1413 and 1415 19,000 km x 19,000 km at 64.7 deg
20 Oct 1982 w Gorizont-6 GSO
26 Nov 1982 w Raduga-11 GSO
24 Dec 1982 F Raduga Failed to orbit Second stage failure
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4-stage 3-stage
2 Mar 1983 w Cosmos-1443 324 km x 327 km at 51.6 deg
12 Mar 1983 w Ekran-10 GSO
23 Mar 1983 w Astron-1 1,950 km x 201,100 km at 51.09 deg
8 Apr 1983 w Raduga-12 GSO
2 Jun 1983 w Venera-15 Escape
6 Jun 1983 w Venera-16 Escape
1 Jul 1983 w Gorizont-7 GSO
10 Aug 1983 w Cosmos-1490 and 1492 19,000 km x 19,000 km at 64.8 deg
25 Aug 1983 w Raduga-13 GSO
29 Sep 1983 w Ekran-II GSO
30 Nov 1983 w Gorizont-8 GSO
29 Dec 1983 w Cosmos-1519 and 1521 19,000 km x 19,000 km at 64.8 deg
15 Feb 1984 w Raduga-14 GSO
2 Mar 1984 w Cosmos-1540 GSO
16 Mar 1984 w Ekran-12 GSO
29 Mar 1984 w Cosmos-1546 GSO
22 Apr 1984 w Gorizont-9 GSO
19 May 1984 w Cosmos-1554 and 1556 19,000 km x 19,000 km at 64.8 deg
22 Jun 1984 w Raduga-15 GSO
1 Aug 1984 Gorizont-10 GSO
24 Aug 1984 w Ekran-13 GSO
4 Sep 1984 w Cosmos-1593 and 1595 19,000 km x 19,000 km at 64.8 deg
28 Sep 1984 w Cosmos-1603 836 km x 864 km at 71 deg
15 Dec 1984 w Vega-1 Escape
21 Dec 1984 w Vega-2 Escape
18 Jan 1985 w Gorizont-ll GSO
21 Feb 1985 w Cosmos-1629 GSO
22 Mar 1985 w Ekran-14 GSO
17 May 1985 w Cosmos-1650 and 1652 19,000 km x 19,000 km at 64.8 deg
30 May 1985 w Cosmos-1656 800 km x 860 km at 71.1 deg
8 Aug 1985 w Raduga-16 GSO
27 Sep 1985 w Cosmos-1686 291 km x 312 km at 51.6 deg
25 Oct 1985 w Cosmos-1700 GSO
15 Nov 1985 w Raduga-17 GSO
24 Dec 1985 w Cosmos-1710 and 1712 19,000 km x 19,000 km at 64.8 deg
17 Jan 1986 w Raduga- 18 GSO
19 Feb 1986 w Mir 335 km x 358 km at 51.6 deg
4 Apr 1986 w Cosmos-1738 GSO
24 May 1986 w Ekran-15 GSO
10 Jun 1986 Gorizont-12 GSO
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
4-stage 3-stage
16 Sep 1986 w Cosmos-1778 and 1780 19,000 km x 19,000 km at 64.8 deg
25 Oct 1986 w Raduga-I9 GSO
18 Nov 1986 w Gorizont-13 GSO
30 Jan 1987 F Cosmos-1817 188 km x 210 km at 51.6 deg Fourth stage failed to
ignite
19 Mar 1987 w Raduga-20 GSO
31 Mar 1987 w Kvant-1 298 km x 344 km at 51.6 deg
24 Apr 1987 F Cosmos- 1838 to 1840 200 km x 17,000 km at 64.9 deg Fourth stage early
shutdown
11 May 1987 w Gorizont-14 GSO
25 Jul 1987 Cosmos-1870 237 km x 249 km at 71.9 deg
3 Sep 1987 w Ekran-16 GSO
16 Sep 1987 w Cosmos-1883 and 1885 19,000 km x 19,000 km at 64.8 deg
1 Oct 1987 w Cosmos-1888 GSO
28 Oct 1987 w Cosmos-1894 GSO
26 Nov 1987 w Cosmos-1897 GSO
10 Dec 1987 w Raduga-21 GSO
27 Dec 1987 w Ekran-17 GSO
17 Feb 1988 F Cosmos-1917P1919 162 km x 170 km at 64.8 deg Fourth stage did not ignite
31 Mar 1988 w Gorizont-15 GSO
26 Apr 1988 w Cosmos-1940 GSO
6 May 1988 w Ekran-18 GSO
21 May 1988 w Cosmos 1946-1948 19,000 km x19,000 km at 64.9 deg
7 Jul 1988 w Phobos-1 Escape
12 Jul 1988 w Phobos-2 Escape
1 Aug 1988 w Cosmos-1961 GSO
18 Aug 1988 w Gorizont-16 GSO
16 Sep 1988 w Cosmos-1970P1972 19,000 km x 19,000 km at 64.8 deg
20 Oct 1988 w Raduga-22 GSO
10 Dec 1988 w Ekran-I9 GSO
10 Jan 1989 w Cosmos-1987P1989 19,000 km x 19,000 km at 64.9 deg
26 Jan 1989 w Gorizont-17 GSO
14 Apr 1989 w Raduga-23 GSO
31 May 1989 w Cosmos-2022P2024 19,000 km x 19,000 km at 64.8 deg
21 Jun 1989 w Raduga-l-1 GSO
5 Jul 1989 w Gorizont-18 GSO
28 Sep 1989 w Gorizont- 19 GSO
26 Nov 1989 w Kvant-2 215 km x 321 km at 51.6 deg
1 Dec 1989 w Granat 1957 km x 201,700 km at 52.1 deg
15 Dec 1989 Raduga-24 GSO
27 Dec 1989 w Cosmos-2054 Unknown
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
4-stage 3-stage
15 Feb 1990 w Raduga-25 GSO
19 May 1990 w Cosmos-2079P81 19,000 km x19,000 km at 65 deg
31 May 1990 w Kristall 383 km x 481 km at 51.6 deg
20Jun 1990 w Gorizont-20 GSO
18 Jul 1990 w Cosmos-2085 GSO
9 Aug 1990 F Unknown Did not achieve orbit
3 Nov 1990 w Gorizont-21 GSO
23 Nov 1990 w Gorizont-22 GSO
8 Dec 1990 w Cosmos-2109P11 19,000 km x 19,000 km at 64.8 deg
20 Dec 1990 w Raduga-26 GSO
27 Dec 1990 w Raduga-26 GSO
14 Feb 1991 w Cosmos-2133 GSO
28 Feb 1991 w Raduga-27 GSO
31 Mar 1991 w Almaz-1 268 km x 281 km at 72.7 deg
4 Apr 1991 w Cosmos-2139P41 19,000 km x 19,000 km at 64.9 deg
1 Jul 1991 w Gorizont-23 GSO
13 Sep 1991 w Cosmos-2155 GSO
23 Oct 1991 w Gorizont-24 GSO
22 Nov 1991 w Cosmos-2172 GSO
19 Dec 1991 w Raduga-28 GSO
29 Jan 1992 w Cosmos-2177P79 19,000 km x 19,000 km at 64.8 deg
2 Apr 1992 w Gorizon-25 GSO
14Ju11992 w Gorizont-26 GSO
30 Jul 1992 w Cosmos-2204-06 19,000 km x 19,000 km at 64.8 deg
10 Sep 1992 w Cosmos-2209 GSO
30 Oct 1992 w Ekran-20 GSO
27Nov 1992 w Gorizont-27 GSO
17 Dec 1992 w Cosmos-2224 GSO
17 Feb 1993 w Cosmos-223?P3? 19,000 km x 19,000 km at 64.8 deg
17 Mar 1993 w Raduga-29 GSO
27 May 1993 F Gorizont Did not achieve orbit 2nd and 3rd stage
propulsion failure
30 Sep 1993 w Gorizont GSO
28 Oct 1993 w Gorizont GSO
18 Nov 1993 w Gorizont GSO
23 Dec 1993 w Gorizont GSO
20 Jan 1994 w GALS GSO
5 Feb 1994 w Raduga - 30 GSO
18 Feb 1994 w Raduga- 31 GSO
11 Apr 1994 w Glonass l9,000 km x l9,000 km at64.8°
20 May 1994 w Gorizant GSO
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
4-stage 3-stage
7 Jul 1994 w Cosmos GSO
11 Aug 1994 w Glonass 19,000 km x 19,000 km at 64.8°
21 Sep 1994 w Cosmos - 2291 GSO
13 Oct 1994 w Express GSO
31 Oct 1994 w Electro GSO
20 Nov 1994 w Glonass 19,000 km x 19,999 km at 64.8°
16 Dec 1994 w Luch GSO
28 Dec 1994 w F Raduga - 32 GSO
7 Mar 1995 w Glonass 19,000 km x 19,000 km at 64.8°
20 May 1995 w Spektr 335 km x 358 km at 51.6°
24 Jul 1995 w Glonass 19,000 km x 19,000 km at 64.8°
31 Aug 1995 w Gazer GSO
11 Oct 1995 w Looch - 1 GSO
17 Nov 1995 w GALS GSO
14 Dec l995 w F Glonass 19,140 km x l9,l00 km at 64.8°
25 Jan 1996 w Gorizant GSO
19 Feb 1996 F Raduga GSO Block DM propulsion
failure
9 Apr 1996 w Astra 1F Hi-GTO Commercial
23 Apr 1996 w Priroda 214 km x 328 km at 51.6 deg
25 May 1996 w Gorizant GSO
6 Sep 1996 w Inmarsat 3 F2 GSO Commercial
26 Sep 1996 w Express GSO
16 Nov 1996 F Mars 96 Did not achieve escape trajectory Failure of Mars 96 control
system to initiate Block
D2 engine ignition
24 May 1997 w Telstar-5 Hi-GTO Commercial
6 June 1997 w Arak GSO
18 June 1997 w Iridium LEO Commercial
14 Aug 1997 w Cosmos-2345 GSO
28 Aug 1997 w PanAmSat-5 Hi-GTO Commercial
15 Sep 1997 w Iridium LEO Commercial
3 Dec 1997 w Astra-1G Hi-GTO Commercial
25 Dec 1997 F AsiaSat-3 GTO Block DM Engine Failure
7 Apr 1998 w Iridium LEO Commercial
29 Apr 1998 w Cosmos-2350 GSO
8 May 1998 w Echostar-IV Hi-GTO Commercial
30 Aug 1998 w Astra 2A Hi-GTO Commercial
04 Nov 1998 w PanAmSat-8 Hi-GTO Commercial
20 Nov 1998 w Zarya (FGB) LEO RSA/NASA
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Notes:
a) The SL-12 launch vehicle is also designated D-l-e and is the four-stage version of the Proton.
b) The SL-13 launch vehicle is also designated D-1 and is the three-stage version of the Proton.
c) The stated orbital parameters are approximate and included for reference only.
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m) 1988: 3rd stage engine failure caused by destruction of fuel line leading to mixer. Unique manufacturing defect.
Inventory rechecked.
n) 1988: 4th stage engine failure due to temperature rise in combustion chamber caused by penetration of foreign
particles from the fuel tank. Manufacturing defect. Remedial program introduced at point of manufacture to
prevent penetration of foreign particles into tanks. No recurring failures recorded.
o) 1990: 2nd stage engine shutoff due to termination of oxidizer supply. Fuel line clogged by a piece of textile
(wiping rag). Remedial program introduced to prevent wiping rags from being left inside engine and launch
vehicle.
p) 1993: 2nd and 3rd stage engine failures. Multiple engine combustion chamber burn-through caused by propellant
contaminants. Remedial program introduced to modify propellant specifications and testing procedures. All
launch site propellant storage, transfer, and handling equipment purged and cleaned.
q) 1996: Block DM 4th stage second burn ignition failure. Remedial program involved corrective actions to prevent
two possible causes. The first involved introduction of redundant lockers, revised installation procedures, and
increased factory inspections to prevent a loosening of a tube joint causing a leak that would prevent engine
ignition. The second involved additional contamination control procedures to further precule particulate
contamination of the hypergolic start system.
r) 1996: Block D2 4th stage engine failure during second burn due to malfunction of Mars 96 spacecraft control
system, and associated improper engine command sequences. Unique configuration of spacecraft and 4th stage.
Remedial program includes stringent adherence to established integration and test procedures.
s) 1997: Block DM 4th stage engine failure resulting from improperly coated turbopump seal. Remedial program
includes removal of unnecessary (for < 4 burn missions) coating.
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Introduction
This section describes the data required from the spacecraft customer to determine the compatibility of the spacecraft
with the Proton launch vehicle. Providing this data in full constitutes providing an Interface Requirements Document
which is a contractual document provided by the Customer at the beginning of a mission integration cycle. For
preliminary feasibility studies, a smaller subset of this information can be provided as indicated in the table.
The requested information is provided in the sequence the data appears in the Interface Control Document in order to
simplify the creation of this document once a contract is signed.
Spacecraft Name
Manufacturer
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Launch Operations Plan Reference Section 5.3.5 of this Mission Planner’s Guide
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C3. INTERFACES
Adapter system Specify which standard adapter system. Reference Appendix D of this
Mission Planner’s Guide.
Iyy mm4
Ls = 25 mm mm
S mm2
SC interface loads Confirm SC lifting device and structure can lift SC+adapter mass = Yes or no
200 kg
SC Slosh model Provide slosh model of SC during ballistic flight and at separation by
providing parameters in Figure C3.1-2.
Propellant tank Provide general propellant tank geometry per Figure C3.1-3
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Provide launch window at perigee passage for one year covering the
contractual launch date. Include open and close times in GMT for
each day.
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C3.5 OPERATIONS
EGSE Fill out table in Table C3.5-1 for all EGSE to be used at Launch Site
Fluid and gases Fill out table in Table C3.5-2 for quantities and types of fluids and
gases
Campaign Support Provide list of support required in each area (if nonstandard):
Area 92A-50
Hall 102
Hall 101
Hall 103A
Control Rm
Hall 103
Offices
Area 31
Rm 100C
Rm 100B
Rm 100A
Rm 119
Offices
Launch Complex 81
Bunker
Vault
Pad
Bldg 92-1
Page C3-7
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Feedthrough designation
Cable designation
Cable dia. mm
Page C3-8
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Approximately TBD kg of helium gas pressurant is included in the full-up spacecraft mass.
Nominal TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
+/- + TBD + TBD + TBD + TBD TBD% TBD% TBD% TBD% TBD% TBD%
Nominal TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
+/- + TBD + TBD + TBD + TBD TBD% TBD% TBD% TBD% TBD% TBD%
Note:
c) Maximum required tolerance on the final weight before launch =+0/- TBD kg. and will be based on the SC manufacturers
final mass properties report
d) Above data based on the SC manufacturers Mass Properties Report dated TBD.
Page C3-9
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Nominal TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
+/- + TBD + TBD +TBD + TBD TBD % TBD % TBD % TBD% TBD% TBD%
Notes:
b) Above data based on the SC manufacturers Mass Properties Report dated TBD.
Page C3-10
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
a) near 0 g (0.125 g)
Ox TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
+/- TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD% TBD % TBD % TBD % TBD % TBD %
Fuel TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
+/- TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD% TBD % TBD % TBD % TBD % TBD %
b) 1g
Ox TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
+/- TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD % TBD % TBD % TBD % TBD % TBD %
Fuel TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
+/- TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD % TBD % TBD % TBD % TBD % TBD %
c) 1g (During Transportation)
Ox TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
+/- TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD % TBD % TBD % TBD % TBD % TBD %
Fuel TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
+/- TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD % TBD % TBD % TBD % TBD % TBD %
Page C3-11
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
L
as
ms
xs
2. 1g
Page C3-12
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Ig
dω
dt
+ MgC×
d 2l
dt 2
T - ω × Igω ( ) ∑ (R oi
× F CT ⋅i )
i
-MgC×
dω
dt
+ Mg
d 2l
dt 2
= F - ω× ω×MgC - ( ) ∑ F CT ⋅i
i
d 2 ai dω d ai
2
=- × ai - 2ω × - ω × ( ω × ai ) - Gi A i + F CT ⋅i / mi
dt dt dt
Ai =
d 2l
dt 2
+
dω
dt
× r oi + ω × ω × r oi ( )
M g = Ms + ∑ m (1 − G )
i
i i
MgC = Msr s + ∑ m (1 − G )
i
i i r oi
Ig = Is - ∑ m (1 − G ) S (r ) S (r )
i
i i oi oi
( ) xi 0
zi − yi ai
S r oi = S yi = − z i 0 xi
R oi = r oi +
z i yi − xi 0 Gi
2(1 − K i ) 0 ri < Ri
Gi = F CT ⋅i =
1 + (1 − K i ) − k pr d i − k dem V pi
− k shear V ti ri ≥ Ri
1
+ aH i 0
MINIMUM
β (a )
ai Ki
β i (a ) = −
1
ri= •
1−3 (1 − K i )( 1 ÷ 34HRi ) a ∈ [−0.5;+0.5] i 1 − Ki
i
0
β (a ) 1 − Ki
3 H i
d 0i = (Ri − ri )
di = − d0 i i −3 1 − K i 1 +
1
β i (a ) Ki
4 Ri
d ai
di •
dt • d i d ai
V Pi = I V ti = − V Pi
di • di dt
k shear
= 170229 N / m k shear
= 16256 N (m /sec ) k shear
= 354.3 N (m /sec )
Page C3-13
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
NOMENCLATURE
l the vector determining the position of the coordinate origin fixed in the spacecraft body in the inertial
coordinate system;
T the sum of external moments with respect to the selected origin of coordinates;
ai position vector of fluid center of mass of i-th tank about center of this tank;
dai
Vpi,Vti the radial and tangential components of velocity of the liquid mass center in the i - tank;
dt
Ms, Is the mass and matrix of inertia of the dry spacecraft (without liquid components);
Ri the i - tank radius;
rs the vector determining the dry spacecraft mass center position in the i - tank with respect to the origin of
coordinates;
mi the liquid mass in the i - tank;
roi the vector drawn from the origin of coordinates to the i - tank center;
Roi the vector determining the liquid mass center position in the i - tank with respect to the origin of coordinates;
Page C3-14
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
TBD
-X
sc
Liquid Level
TBD
TBD
TBD
rTB D
TB
D
SC/Upper Stage Separation Plane
Page C3-15
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Antenna location
Page C3-16
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Notes: [Sample]
a) TBD RF command links and TBD RF telemetry links are required. The SC Checkout Station will have 1 physical command
interface and 1 physical telemetry interface.
b) Transmit and receive frequencies at the RF Console are the same as those indicated in the above table.
c) Vertical polarization (E-Field parallel to spacecraft Y axis), H: horizontal polarization (E-Field parallel to spacecraft X axis).
e) SC Telemetry Transmitters are on and amplifiers are off during all on-pad operations.
f) Ground equipment can accommodate TBD dBm power levels without damage.
h) Uninterrupted operation of RF devices shall not exceed 8 hours, with a 30 minute break before the next 8 hour session.
i) The SC manufacturer shall provide to Khrunichev the measured coefficient values for TT &C signals via the RF window
obtained during the RF channel checkup in the integration facility following the Ascent Unit encapsulation.
j) Prior to installation of the LV+Ascent Unit on the pad and following the delivery of the STE to the bunker, the SC
manufacturer shall verify continuity between command RF link and STE and issue to Khrunichev the Certificate of Launch
Pad Readiness to accommodate the LV and Ascent Unit. The spectrum analyzer to be provided by the SC manufacturer shall
be adapted to 220 V 50 Hz.
k) After installation of LV+Ascent Unit and prior to the roll-up of service tower, the SC manufacturer, in conjunction with
Khrunichev, shall checkup the RF link between the Ascent Unit and STE. Such checkup shall be performed 20 minutes after
the mating of the LV aft section. Loral to confirm functionality of the RF link within 45 minutes.
l) At L-6 months, the SC manufacturer shall provide to Khrunichev two connectors for installation by Khrunichev on the
existing RF cables in the bunker, two spare connectors and two corresponding jacks, as well as instructions on cable dressing
and cable performances. (If required)
Page C3-17
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Page C3-18
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
a) For the bus power lines, the maximum voltage at the P1 and P2 spacecraft umbilical connectors is 100 V.
*Maximum voltage measured at the M&C interface at the vault
b) SC CONTRACTOR equipment provides protection against exceeding 100 V at spacecraft umbilical interface. It also provides
continuous monitoring and recording of this bus voltage on pins TBD and TBD of umbilicals P1 and P2 . SC power through
the umbilicals will be automatically shutoff within 0.2 sec if max current is exceeded by 50%.
d) Indicated resistance values are from LVIP1/P2 IFD connection to the KhSC/SC CONTRACTOR EGSE interface in the
vault room (or on the Mobile Service Tower for designated circuits).
e) Some circuits (e.g. battery charging circuits) may be terminated at the LV Mobile Service Tower if necessary
Page C3-19
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Page C3-20
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
a) For the bus power lines, the maximum voltage at the P1 and P2 spacecraft umbilical connectors is 100 V.
* Maximum voltage measured at the M&C interface in the vault
b) SC Contractor equipment provides protection against exceeding 100 V at spacecraft umbilical interface. It also provides
continuous monitoring and recording of this bus voltage on pins TBD and TBD of umbilicals P1 and P2 . SC power through
the umbilicals will be automatically shutoff within 0.2 sec if max current is exceeded by 50%.
d) Indicated resistance values are from LVIP1/P2 IFD connection to the KhSC/SC CONTRACTOR EGSE interface in the
vault room (or on the Mobile Service Tower for designated circuits).
e) Some circuits (e.g. battery charging circuits) may be terminated at the LV Mobile Service Tower if necessary.
Page C3-21
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Connectors
Equipment Power Source Power Required Heat Output Equipment Plug side Facility side
BLDG. 92A-50
Hall 101
Hall 103
Hall 103A
Control Room
Office Areas
Page C3-22
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Connectors
Equipment Power Source Power Required Heat Output Equipment Plug side Facility side
AREA 31
Room 100A
Room 100B
Room 119
Room 120
Room 121
Offices
Bldg 44 Hall 1
Page C3-23
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Connectors
Equipment Power Source Power Required Heat Output Equipment Plug side Facility side
Bldg 44 Rm 58
BLDG. 92-1
LAUNCH
COMPLEX 81
Page C3-24
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Compressed Air for Breathing See Launch Campaign Guide for max available KhSC/ILS Fueling Hall
(SCAPE)
distilled water See Launch Campaign Guide for max available. KhSC/ILS Processing Hall
Fueling Hall
demineralized water See Launch Campaign Guide for max available KhSC/ILS Decontamination
Area
Nitrogen GOST-92-93-74, See Launch Campaign Guide for max available. KhSC/ILS Decontamination
technical grade 1 Area
Nitrogen GOST-92-93-74, See Launch Campaign Guide for max available KhSC/ILS Fueling Hall
technical grade 1
He (Ghe) per spec Mil-p-27407 TBD K-bottles high pres (400 bar) TBD K- SC contractor Fueling Hall
Type 1, Grade A bottles low pres (135 bar)
MMH TBD Cylinders - Tot weight ea TBD kg max, SC contractor Fueling Hall
TBD kg max prop weight
Nitrogen Tetroxide TBD Cylinders - Tot weight ea TBD kg max, SC contractor Fueling Hall
TBD kg max prop weight
Shop Air See Launch Campaign Guide for max available KhSC/ILS Fueling Hall
Ethyl Alcohol See Launch Campaign Guide for max available. KhSC/ILS Fueling Hall
Service Water See Launch Campaign Guide for max available KhSC/ILS Fueling Hall
Grade “Extra” or Highest Grade See Launch Campaign Guide for max available. KhSC/ILS Fueling Hall
GOST 18300-87 Ethyl Alcohol
Page C3-25
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
D1.1 INTRODUCTION
The 1194AX-500 adapter system is comprised of the 1194 AX clamp band system, separation springs, a payload
adapter and electrical rise off disconnects. This appendix defines the mechanical and electrical interface
characteristics, structural capability, usable volume, and accelerometer installation.
Page D1-1
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
S p acecr aft R in g
y y
S ep aration P la n e
x
x
S ep aration P lan e
y y
A d ap t er R in g
L
x
Page D1-2
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Scribe marks on the spacecraft interface ring verify proper alignment of the spacecraft relative to the launch vehicle.
The attributes and location of the scribe mark for the spacecraft and adapter ring are presented in Section D1.7 of this
Appendix.
The structural capability presented should only be used as a guideline for assessment of interface structural
compatibility. Coupled loads analysis performed early in the mission integration will verify margins for structural
loading of the adapter and separation system.
Page D1-3
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D1.2.2-1: Capability of 1194AX Adapter System - SC Mass vs Longitudinal C.G. (TBC)
3.50
3.00
Preliminary
Longitudinal Offset of SC C.G. from
2.50
2.00
1.50
0.50
0.00
2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4600 4800 5000 5200 5400 5600
SC Mass (kg)
Page D1-4
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Page D1-5
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D1.3-1a: Usable Volume - Proton/Block DM Commercial Fairing with 1194AX X 500mm Adapter
Page D1-6
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D1.3-1b: Usable Volume - Proton/Block DM Commercial Fairing with 1194AX X 500mm Adapter (Sheet 1 of 4)
Page D1-7
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D1.3-1c: Usable Volume - Proton/Block DM Commercial Fairing with 1194AX X 500mm Adapter (Sheet 2 of 4)
Page D1-8
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D1.3-1d: Usable Volume - Proton/Block DM Commercial Fairing with 1194AX X 500mm Adapter (Sheet 3 of 4)
Page D1-9
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D1.3-1e: Usable Volume - Proton/Block DM Commercial Fairing with 1194AX X 500mm Adapter (Sheet 4 of 4)
Page D1-10
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
The shock environment for the separation event is provided in Section 3.4.4 of this Mission Planner’s Guide.
To ensure proper separation velocity, a matched set of separation springs are provided. Each separation springs has an
initial force of 1500 Newtons. The stroke for each spring is selectable to customize the total energy per spring required
to provide the desired separation velocity and separation rates. Table D1.4-1 defines the maximum and minimum
spring stroke range with the associated spring force characteristics. Spring sets can include any number between two
and twelve.
The separation event is affected by interface hardware that impart force during separation. This hardware consists of
electrical disconnects and grounding connectors and, if provided as an option, the purge disconnect. The electrical
disconnects and grounding connectors are provided as shown in Section D1.7 of this Appendix. This symmetrical
arrangement is provided to minimize overturning moments at separation. The force profile for each electrical
disconnects is shown in Figure D1.4-1. Each grounding connectors imparts a force of 40 ± 5 Newtons that resists
separation. The purge fitting imparts a force that assists separation. This force profile is provided in Figure D1.4-2.
Page D1-11
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D1.4-1: Electrical Disconnect Force Profile for a Single 37 Pin Electrical Connector
200
150
100
50
Force (N)
-50
-100
-150
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Displacement (mm)
Force Displacement
(N) (mm)
178 0
156 3.4
-115 3.4
-115 6.7
0 6.7
Page D1-12
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
100
80
60
Force (N)
40
20
0
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60
Axial Travel (mm)
Page D1-13
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
LVIP2 37 MS3446E37-50P
LVIJ2 37 MS3464E37-50S
For each electrical connector, two pins and a loop back on the spacecraft side of the interface are required for launch
vehicle separation indicators. Loop backs on the launch vehicle side of the interface for indication of separation for the
spacecraft can be provided as required.
Refer to Section 4.2.2 of the Mission Planner’s Guide for information on the electrical wiring between the electrical
connectors and GSE. This information includes available wire types, shielding, voltage requirements, current
requirement, and resistance requirements.
The requirement for maximum resistance across the separation interface is 10 milliohms to ensure electrical continuity
across the separation interface. Electrical continuity across the separation interface is provided by two diametrically
opposed electrical grounding connectors as presented in Section D1.7 of this Appendix.
D1.6 INSTRUMENTATION
Accelerometers are included in the standard adapter system to monitor spacecraft mechanical environments. The
standard configuration includes 5 accelerometers; 3 oriented to monitor longitudinal accelerations and 2 oriented to
monitor transverse accelerations. The installation of the accelerometers on the adapter is presented in Section D1.7 of
this Appendix. The characteristics of these adapter mounted accelerometers and for all of the telemetry channels for
the Proton mission are presented in Section 4.2.1.7 of the Mission Planner’s Guide.
Page D1-14
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Page D1-15
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
TBS
Page D1-16
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
TBS
Page D1-17
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
TBS
Page D1-18
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
TBS
Page D1-19
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
TBS
Page D1-20
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
TBS
Page D1-21
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
TBS
Page D1-22
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
TBS
Page D1-23
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
D2.1 INTRODUCTION
The 1194AX-625 adapter system is comprised of the 1194 AX clamp band system, separation springs, a payload
adapter and electrical rise off disconnects. This appendix defines the mechanical and electrical interface
characteristics, structural capability, usable volume, and accelerometer installation.
Page D2-1
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
S p acecr aft R in g
y y
S ep aration P la n e
x
x
S ep aration P lan e
y y
A d ap t er R in g
L
x
Page D2-2
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Scribe marks on the spacecraft interface ring verify proper alignment of the spacecraft relative to the launch vehicle.
The attributes and location of the scribe mark for the spacecraft and adapter ring are presented in Section D2.7 of this
Appendix.
The structural capability presented should only be used as a guideline for assessment of interface structural
compatibility. Coupled loads analysis performed early in the mission integration will verify margins for structural
loading of the adapter and separation system.
Page D2-3
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D2.2.2-1: Capability of 1194AX Adapter System - SC Mass vs Longitudinal C.G. (TBC)
3.50
3.00
Preliminary
Longitudinal Offset of SC C.G. from
2.50
2.00
1.50
0.50
0.00
2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4600 4800 5000 5200 5400 5600
SC Mass (kg)
Page D2-4
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Page D2-5
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D2.3-1a: Usable Volume - Proton/Block DM Commercial Fairing with 1194AX X 625mm Adapter
Page D2-6
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D2.3-1b: Usable Volume - Proton/Block DM Commercial Fairing with 1194AX X 625mm Adapter (Sheet 1 of 4)
Page D2-7
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D2.3-1c: Usable Volume - Proton/Block DM Commercial Fairing with 1194AX X 625mm Adapter (Sheet 2 of 4)
Page D2-8
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D2.3-1d: Usable Volume - Proton/Block DM Commercial Fairing with 1194AX X 625mm Adapter (Sheet 3 of 4)
Page D2-9
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D2.3-1e: Usable Volume - Proton/Block DM Commercial Fairing with 1194AX X 625mm Adapter (Sheet 4 of 4)
Page D2-10
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D2.3-2a: Usable Volume - Proton/Breeze M Standard Commercial Fairing with 1194AX X 625mm Adapter
Page D2-11
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D2.3-2b: Usable Volume - Proton/Breeze M Standard Commercial Fairing with 1194AX X 625mm Adapter (Sheet 1 of 4) (TBC)
Page D2-12
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D2.3-2c: Usable Volume - Proton/Breeze M Standard Commercial Fairing with 1194AX X 625mm Adapter (Sheet 2 of 4) (TBC)
Page D2-13
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D2.3-2d: Usable Volume - Proton/Breeze M Standard Commercial Fairing with 1194AX X 625mm Adapter (Sheet 3 of 4) (TBC)
Page D2-14
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D2.3-2e: Usable Volume - Proton/Breeze M Standard Commercial Fairing with 1194AX X 625mm Adapter (Sheet 4 of 4) (TBC)
Page D2-15
Proton Mission Planners Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D2.3-3a: Usable Volume - Proton/Breeze M Long Commercial Fairing with 1194AX X 625mm Adapter
Page D2-16
Proton Mission Planners Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D2.3-3b: Usable Volume - Proton/Breeze M Long Commercial Fairing with 1194AX X 625mm Adapter (Sheet 1 of 4) (TBC)
Page D2-17
Proton Mission Planners Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D2.3-3c: Usable Volume - Proton/Breeze M Long Commercial Fairing with 1194AX X 625mm Adapter (Sheet 2 of 4) (TBC)
Page D2-18
Proton Mission Planners Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D2.3-3d: Usable Volume - Proton/Breeze M Long Commercial Fairing with 1194AX X 625mm Adapter (Sheet 3 of 4) (TBC)
Page D2-19
Proton Mission Planners Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D2.3-3e: Usable Volume - Proton/Breeze M Long Commercial Fairing with 1194AX X 625mm Adapter (Sheet 4 of 4) (TBC)
Page D2-20
Proton Mission Planners Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
The shock environment for the separation event is provided in Section 3.4.4 of this Mission Planners Guide.
To ensure proper separation velocity, a matched set of separation springs are provided. Each separation springs has an
initial force of 1500 Newtons. The stroke for each spring is selectable to customize the total energy per spring required
to provide the desired separation velocity and separation rates. Table D2.4-1 defines the maximum and minimum
spring stroke range with the associated spring force characteristics. Spring sets can include any number between two
and twelve.
The separation event is affected by interface hardware that impart force during separation. This hardware consists of
electrical disconnects and grounding connectors and, if provided as an option, the purge disconnect. The electrical
disconnects and grounding connectors are provided as shown in Section D2.7 of this Appendix. This symmetrical
arrangement is provided to minimize overturning moments at separation. The force profile for each electrical
disconnects is shown in Figure D2.4-1. Each grounding connectors imparts a force of 40 ± 5 Newtons that resists
separation. The purge fitting imparts a force that assists separation. This force profile is provided in Figure D2.4-2.
Page D2-21
Proton Mission Planners Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D2.4-1: Electrical Disconnect Force Profile for a Single 37 Pin Electrical Connector
200
150
100
50
Force (N)
-50
-100
-150
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Displacement (mm)
Force Displacement
(N) (mm)
178 0
156 3.4
-115 3.4
-115 6.7
0 6.7
Page D2-22
Proton Mission Planners Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
100
80
60
Force (N)
40
20
0
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60
Axial Travel (mm)
Page D2-23
Proton Mission Planners Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
LVIP2 37 MS3446E37-50P
LVIJ2 37 MS3464E37-50S
For each electrical connector, two pins and a loop back on the spacecraft side of the interface are required for launch
vehicle separation indicators. Loop backs on the launch vehicle side of the interface for indication of separation for the
spacecraft can be provided as required.
Refer to Section 4.2.2 of the Mission Planners Guide for information on the electrical wiring between the electrical
connectors and GSE. This information includes available wire types, shielding, voltage requirements, current
requirement, and resistance requirements.
The requirement for maximum resistance across the separation interface is of 10 milliohms to ensure electrical
continuity across the separation interface. Electrical continuity across the separation interface is provided by two
diametrically opposed electrical grounding connector as presented in Section D2.7 of this Appendix.
D2.6 INSTRUMENTATION
Accelerometers are included in the standard adapter system to monitor spacecraft mechanical environments. The
standard configuration includes 5 accelerometers; 3 oriented to monitor longitudinal accelerations and 2 oriented to
monitor transverse accelerations. The installation of the accelerometers on the adapter is presented in Section D2.7 of
this Appendix. The characteristics of these adapter mounted accelerometers and for all of the telemetry channels for
the Proton mission are presented in Section 4.2.1.7 of the Mission Planners Guide.
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D3.1 INTRODUCTION
The 1666V-1000 adapter system is comprised of the 1666 V clamp band system, separation springs, a payload adapter
and electrical rise off disconnects. This appendix defines the mechanical and electrical interface characteristics,
structural capability, usable volume, and accelerometer installation.
Page D3-1
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
S p acecr aft R in g
y y
S ep aration P la n e
x
x
S ep aration P lan e
y y
A d ap t er R in g
L
x
Page D3-2
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Scribe marks on the spacecraft interface ring verify proper alignment of the spacecraft relative to the launch vehicle.
The attributes and location of the scribe mark for the spacecraft and adapter ring are presented in Section D3.7 of this
Appendix.
The structural capability presented should only be used as a guideline for assessment of interface structural
compatibility. Coupled loads analysis performed early in the mission integration will verify margins for structural
loading of the adapter and separation system.
Page D3-3
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D3.2.2-1: Capability of 1666V Adapter System - SC Mass vs Longitudinal C.G. (TBC)
3.50
3.00
Longitudinal Offset of SC C.G. from
2.50
Separation Plane
2.00 Preliminary
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4600 4800 5000 5200 5400 5600
SC Mass (kg)
Allowable C.G.
SC Mass Offset (m)
(kg) 30.0kN Tension
2000 3.39
2200 3.09
2400 2.83
2600 2.62
2800 2.44
3000 2.28
3200 2.14
3400 2.02
3600 1.89
3800 1.77
4000 1.66 Note: A positive force assists separation.
4200 1.56
4400 1.47
4600 1.39 Adapter system capability based on the following data:
4800 1.32 Allowable Limit Line Loads
5000 1.25 Tension Nt = 69 N/mm
5200 1.18 Compression Nc = 86 N/mm
5400 1.12 Quasi Static Loads
5600 1.07 Per Figure 3.4.1.2-1 of this Mission Planner's Guide
Page D3-4
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Page D3-5
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D3.3-1a: Usable Volume - Proton/Block DM Commercial Fairing with 1666V X 1000mm Adapter
Page D3-6
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D3.3-1b: Usable Volume - Proton/Block DM Commercial Fairing with 1666V X 1000mm Adapter (Sheet 1 of 4)
Page D3-7
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D3.3-1c: Usable Volume - Proton/Block DM Commercial Fairing with 1666V X 1000mm Adapter (Sheet 2 of 4)
Page D3-8
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D3.3-1d: Usable Volume - Proton/Block DM Commercial Fairing with 1666V X 1000mm Adapter (Sheet 3 of 4)
Page D3-9
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D3.3-1e: Usable Volume - Proton/Block DM Commercial Fairing with 1666V X 1000mm Adapter (Sheet 4 of 4)
Page D3-10
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
The shock environment for the separation event is provided in Section 3.4.4 of this Mission Planner’s Guide.
To ensure proper separation velocity, a matched set of separation springs are provided. Each separation springs has an
initial force of 1500 Newtons. The stroke for each spring is selectable to customize the total energy per spring required
to provide the desired separation velocity and separation rates. Table D3.4-1 defines the maximum and minimum
spring stroke range with the associated spring force characteristics. Spring sets can include any number between two
and twelve.
The separation event is affected by interface hardware that impart force during separation. This hardware consists of
electrical disconnects and, if provided as an option, the purge disconnect. The electrical disconnects and grounding
connectors are provided pairs as shown in Section D3.7 of this Appendix. This symmetrical arrangement is provided to
minimize overturning moments at separation. The force profile for each electrical disconnects is shown in Figure
D3.4-1.
Page D3-11
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D3.4-1: Electrical Disconnect Force Profile for a Single 61 Pin Electrical Connector
400
300
200
Force (N)
100
-100
-200
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Displacement (mm)
Force Displacement
(N) (mm)
300 0
281 3.4
-156 3.4
-156 6.7
0 6.7
Page D3-12
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
LVIJ2 61 MS3424E61-50S
LVIP2 61 MS3446E61-50P
For each electrical connector, two pins and a loop back on the spacecraft side of the interface are required for launch
vehicle separation indicators. Loop backs on the launch vehicle side of the interface for indication of separation for the
spacecraft can be provided as required.
Refer to Section 4.2.2 of the Mission Planner’s Guide for information on the electrical wiring between the electrical
connectors and GSE. This information includes available wire types, shielding, voltage requirements, current
requirement and resistance requirements.
The requirement for maximum resistance across the separation interface is 10 milliohms to ensure electrical continuity
across the separation interface. Electrical continuity across the separation interface is provided by conductive coatings
on both the spacecraft and adapter interface flanges.
D3.6 INSTRUMENTATION
Accelerometers are included in the standard adapter system to monitor spacecraft mechanical environments. The
standard configuration includes 5 accelerometers; 3 oriented to monitor longitudinal accelerations and 2 oriented to
monitor transverse accelerations. The installation of the accelerometers on the adapter is presented in Section D3.7 of
this Appendix. The characteristics of these adapter mounted accelerometers and for all of the telemetry channels for
the Proton mission are presented in Section 4.2.1.7 of the Mission Planner’s Guide.
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D4.1 INTRODUCTION
The 1666A-1150 adapter system is comprised of the 1666 A clamp band system, separation springs, a payload adapter
and electrical rise off disconnects. This appendix defines the mechanical and electrical interface characteristics,
structural capability, usable volume, and accelerometer installation.
Page D4-1
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
S p acecr aft R in g
y y
S ep aration P la n e
x
x
S ep aration P lan e
y y
A d ap t er R in g
L
x
Page D4-2
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Scribe marks on the spacecraft interface ring verify proper alignment of the spacecraft relative to the launch vehicle.
The attributes and location of the scribe mark for the spacecraft and adapter ring are presented in Section D4.7 of this
Appendix.
The structural capability presented should only be used as a guideline for assessment of interface structural
compatibility. Coupled loads analysis performed early in the mission integration will verify margins for structural
loading of the adapter and separation system.
Page D4-3
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D4.2.2-1: Capability of 1666A Adapter System - SC Mass vs Longitudinal C.G. (TBC)
3.50
3.00
Longitudinal Offset of SC C.G. from
2.50
Separation Plane
2.00 Preliminary
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4600 4800 5000 5200 5400 5600
SC Mass (kg)
Allowable C.G.
SC Mass Offset (m)
(kg) 30.0kN Tension
2000 3.39
2200 3.09
2400 2.83
2600 2.62
2800 2.44
3000 2.28
3200 2.14
3400 2.02
3600 1.89
3800 1.77
4000 1.66 Note: A positive force assists separation.
4200 1.56
4400 1.47
4600 1.39 Adapter system capability based on the following data:
4800 1.32 Allowable Limit Line Loads
5000 1.25 Tension Nt = 69 N/mm
5200 1.18 Compression Nc = 86 N/mm
5400 1.12 Quasi Static Loads
5600 1.07 Per Figure 3.4.1.2-1 of this Mission Planner's Guide
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Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
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Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D4.3-1a: Usable Volume - Proton/Block DM Commercial Fairing with 1166A X 1150 Adapter
Page D4-6
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D4.3-1b: Usable Volume - Proton/Block DM Commercial Fairing with 1166A X 1150 Adapter (Sheet 1 of 4)
Page D4-7
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D4.3-1c: Usable Volume - Proton/Block DM Commercial Fairing with 1166A X 1150 Adapter (Sheet 2 of 4)
Page D4-8
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D4.3-1d: Usable Volume - Proton/Block DM Commercial Fairing with 1166A X 1150 Adapter (Sheet 3 of 4)
Page D4-9
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D4.3-1e: Usable Volume - Proton/Block DM Commercial Fairing with 1166A X 1150 Adapter (Sheet 4 of 4)
Page D4-10
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
The shock environment for the separation event is provided in Section 3.4.4 of this Mission Planner’s Guide.
To ensure proper separation velocity, a matched set of separation springs are provided. Each separation springs has an
initial force of 1500 Newtons. The stroke for each spring is selectable to customize the total energy per spring required
to provide the desired separation velocity and separation rates. Table D4.4-1 defines the maximum and minimum
spring stroke range with the associated spring force characteristics. Spring sets can include any number between two
and twelve.
The separation event is affected by interface hardware that impart force during separation. This hardware consists of
electrical disconnects and, if provided as an option, the purge disconnect. The electrical disconnects connectors are
provided pairs as shown in Section D4.7 of this Appendix. This symmetrical arrangement is provided to minimize
overturning moments at separation. The force profile for each electrical disconnect is shown in Figure D4.4-1.
Page D4-11
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
Figure D4.4-1: Electrical Disconnect Force Profile for a Single 61 Pin Electrical Connector
400
300
200
Force (N)
100
-100
-200
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Displacement (mm)
Force Displacement
(N) (mm)
300 0
281 3.4
-156 3.4
-156 6.7
0 6.7
Page D4-12
Proton Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990
Issue 1, Revision 4, March 1, 1999
LVIJ2 61 MS3424E61-50S
LVIP2 61 MS3446E61-50P
For each electrical connector, two pins and a loop back on the spacecraft side of the interface are required for launch
vehicle separation indicators. Loop backs on the launch vehicle side of the interface for indication of separation for the
spacecraft can be provided as required.
Refer to Section 4.2.2 of the Mission Planner’s Guide for information on the electrical wiring between the electrical
connectors and GSE. This information includes available wire types, shielding, voltage requirements, current
requirement and resistance requirements.
The requirement for maximum resistance across the separation interface is 10 milliohms to ensure electrical continuity
across the separation interface. Electrical continuity across the separation interface is provided by conductive coatings
on the spacecraft and adapter interface flanges.
D4.6 INSTRUMENTATION
Accelerometers are included in the standard adapter system to monitor spacecraft mechanical environments. The
standard configuration includes 5 accelerometers; 3 oriented to monitor longitudinal accelerations and 2 oriented to
monitor transverse accelerations. The installation of the accelerometers on the adapter is presented in Section D4.7 of
this Appendix. The characteristics of these adapter mounted accelerometers and for all of the telemetry channels for
the Proton mission are presented in Section 4.2.1.7 of the Mission Planner’s Guide.
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