CHAPTER III PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA This chapter presented the salient findings, the analysis

and interpretation of the research study on Level of Awareness of Selected Medical-Surgical Patients of UPHDMC on Informed Consent: Basis for Patient Education Program. The results were presented based on the specific problems mentioned in Chapter I. 1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of: 1.1 Age? Table 3 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Age of the Respondents

Age Group below 20 years old 21 - 40 years old 41 - 60 years old above 60 years old Total

Frequency (F) 17 27 22 12 78

Percent (%) 21.79 34.62 28.21 15.38 100.00

Table 3 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the age of the respondents. As can be seen from the table, 17 out of 78 respondents are below 20 years old. This comprises the 21.79% of the total respondents. Furthermore, 27 or 34.62% of the respondents are 21-40

years old, while 22 or 28.21% are 41-60 years old and 12 or 15.38% are above 60 years old. It can be noted that the highest number of the respondents belongs to age group of 21 40 years old while the least number of respondents are above 60 years old. According to National Statistics, of the household population in 2010, 33.4 percent were under 15 years of age or 30.7 million. Children below 5 years old comprised 11.1 percent of the household population in the entire country. Children aged 5 to 9 years accounted for 11.2 percent of the household population, and those aged 10 to 14 years, another 11.0 percent. By comparison, in 2000, children under 15 years old accounted for 37.1 percent of the household population in the country. Children below 5 years of aged comprised 12.7 percent of the total household population. The median age of the country's population was 23.4 years, which means that half of the household population was younger than 23.4 years. This is higher than the median age of 21.3 years recorded in 2000. The country's median age for males in 2010 was 22.9 years, while that for females, 23.9 years. People who are regarded as senior citizen are those aged 60 years old and over. They made up 6.8 percent of the 92.1 million household populations in 2010, higher than the 6.0 percent recorded in 2000. Among the senior citizens, females (55.8 percent) outnumbered the males (44.2 percent).

1.2 Gender? Table 4 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Gender of the Respondents

Gender Male Female Total

Frequency (F) 41 37 78

Percent (%) 52.56 47.44 100.00

Presented on Table 4 is the frequency and percentage distribution of the gender of the respondents. It depicts that most of the respondents are male comprising of 41 or 5256% of the total respondents. This only shows that female respondents comprising of 37 or 47.44% are dominated by male respondents. According to Global Forum on Gender Statistics Manila, Philippines, 11 - 13 of October 2010, women and men are accessing treatment for illness or injury, but women continue to report problem in accessing health care. No information is available on the problems faced by men in accessing health services. As of 2005, 91.5 percent of people who were ill sought at least one treatment, an increase over 88.6 percent reported in 2000. While no data is available on the proportion of males reporting problems in accessing health services, the proportion of women reporting at least one problem in accessing health care decreased from 93 percent in 2000 to 88.5 percent in 2005. However, the overall number of women reporting problem remains very high. Getting money for treatment remains the main problem (88.1 percent in 2000 and 74.1 percent in

2005), followed by concern that no provider or drugs are available, and not wanting to go to health services alone. There are significant differences in utilization of public sector health services, 70 percent of health center and 58 percent of referral hospital clients are female. This gender bias is more pronounced in urban than in rural areas, and during reproductive years (1549). Meanwhile, according to a new study founded by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality last June 2012, men are more likely than women to be readmitted to the hospital within a month after being discharged. Men in the study were an average of about four years younger than women, and tended to have better- paying jobs and more access to private health insurance. Women were more likely than men to have a family doctor and to have been diagnosed with depression at some time in the past, with twice as many women taking antidepressants. Many key factors predicted men in return to hospital. They were 72% more likely to return if they were unmarried or retired, 64% more likely if they had not seen their family doctor since their discharge and 53% more likely if they were depressed. Men tend to contribute to poorer health results for them, and that women are better at using health services.

1.3 Civil Status? Table 5 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Civil Status of the Respondents

Civil Status Single Married Total

Frequency (F) 38 40 78

Percent (%) 48.72 51.28 100.00

Table 5 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of civil status of the respondents. Results showed that 40 of the 78 respondents, compromising 51.28%, were married and 38 (48.72%) were single. This indicates that majority of the respondents were married. According to Dr. Nancy Molitor (2010), women more likely than men (28 percent vs. 20 percent) to report a great deal of stress, but married women, in particular, reported significantly more stress (63 percent) than single women (41 percent). Married women were also more likely than single women to report crying, irritability and fatigue and to resort to unhealthier ways to manage their stress like over eating. One of the reasons married women may be more stressed is the downturn in the economy. Higher unemployment rates for men mean more women are now often the sole family wage earner. Many women are also at home coping with a spouse who has have been unemployed for the last two years. As the caretakers of their families needs, married women traditionally bear the brunt of their familys pain and often struggle to fix it for everyone. Unfortunately, they often neglect their own needs in the process, leading to higher

rates of depression, exhaustion and poor overall health. Married women report higher levels of stress than single women, with one-third (33 percent) reporting that they have experienced a great deal of stress in the past month (8, 9 or 10 on a 10-point scale) compared with one in five (22 percent) of single women. Similarly, significantly more married women report that their stress has increased over the past five years (56 percent vs. 41 percent of single women). Single women are also more likely than married women to say they feel they are doing enough to manage their stress (63 percent vs. 51 percent). While according to Bonnie Rochman (2013), studies of married and single people show that healthy unmarried people are far likelier to die than healthy married people during the 20year research period, the numbers equal out when both married and unmarried people report poor health. When they reported excellent health, unmarried people in the study were on average 75% more likely to have died than married people. More specifically, separated folks were 58% more likely to die during these studies, divorced people were 62% more likely and widowed people were 93% more likely to kick the bucket compared with married people. Unmarried people who reported fair (as opposed to excellent, very good, good or poor) health were 40% more likely to die than similar married people in the study. That breaks down to a 39% greater risk of dying for those who were separated, a 31% higher risk for divorced people and 20% higher risk of dying for widowed people compared with those who were married.

Website: https://www.google.com.ph/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CDEQFjA B&url=http%3A%2F%2Funstats.un.org%2Funsd%2Fgender%2FManila_Oct2010%2FROUND TABLE_25_Cambodia.ppt&ei=R9AaUoe1F4mHrAfa6IE4&usg=AFQjCNHp3UJiSqBVAhVG U20fcKqfwUC_Ig&sig2=q_52gc-ihirfD8N_umKg4Q&bvm=bv.51156542,d.bmk http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/gender-stress.aspx http://www.kaahe.org/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=128:AfterHospitalization,-Men-More-Likely-to-Show-Up-in-ER&catid=4:drugs&Itemid=65 http://healthland.time.com/2013/03/14/why-marriage-is-good-for-your-health-until-you-get-sick/ http://www.yourmindyourbody.org/married-women-more-stressed-than-single-ladies/