3 Valve Design

Plate Valves
for Piston Compressors
-/+0*.,+0 Compression Technology
Compressor Valves
General
Trained for Competence
Valve Characteristics Demands on a Compressor Valve
1.2.0
Copyright: G. KINDL - Training Center HOERBIGER Kompressortechnik June 2002
Valve Characteristics
pv Diagram and Lift Diagram of Valve Plate
guard lift seat delivery pressure p2 1
lift diagram of a delivery valve

4
Motion Motion of of the the valve valve plate plate

v progressive increase guard
pv diagram
2 suction pressure TDC p1 guard lift seat clearance volume
3 BDC
seat
t Trained for Competence
lift diagram of a suction valve

displacement
1.2.1
Indicated Power in the pv Diagram
A A certain certain amount amount of of indicated indicated power power is is lost lost due due to to valve valve losses losses
35 30 pressure [bar] 25
loss in delivery valve delivery pressure Area bordered by the red line: Indicated work of cylinder end suction pressure Loss in suction valve
Trained for Competence 1.2.3
20 15 10 5 0 0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
displacement [%]
Change of pv Diagram with Leaking Valves
Change due to leaking suction valves
head end pressure [bar] crank end
0%
20%
40%
good: bad:
60%
80%
100%
sealing suction valves leaking suction valves
Valve Losses Ventilation Losses Valve losses are losses incurred in the valve
suction valve = intake
suction chamber suction valve valve nest
Ventilation losses are the overall losses incurred in:
valve nest delivery valve delivery chamber piping
delivery valve = outlet
pulsation dampers
Valve Losses Ventilation Losses
Valve losses shown on delivery valve:

The areas exceeding nominal delivery pressure show the different losses on the delivery side. The total losses in the valve, in the valve nest, in the piping and also pulsation losses are called VENTILATION LOSSES. losses in valve nest pipe and pulsation losses
nominal delivery pressure
pv diagram pulsating pressure in the pressure chamber
1.2.6
losses losses in in valve valve
Demands on a Compressor Valve

Large passage area fe
The passage area fe
is the smallest passage area in the valve
fe = (d1 + d2 + d3 + d4 + d5 + d6 + d7). . h
d2 d4 d6 ledge diameter h h ..... valve lift
d1 ... d7
seating
d7 d5 d3 d1
..... 3,14159
Demands on a Compressor Plate Valve

Optimized Equivalent Area
orifice
throttling device
pipe
A1
0 p0
1
p1
A2
2 p2
3 p3
Phi value = 2 = 1 1 = 1/ 1
areas pressures velocities A1, A2 p0, p1, p2, p3
0, 1, 2, 3
drag coefficient coefficient of contraction equivalent area

1 = 1 1 1 1 . A1
Demands on a Compressor Plate Valve
Long valve life and reliability Low valve losses

large passage areas good aerodynamic characteristics
Low masses of moving parts Quick response to low differential pressure Low clearance volume
Compressor Valve Design

Contents
centrally guided frictionless guided
Damping
principle of double damping effect of double damping impulse law tumbling measurement of tumbling Motion
Trained for Competence 2.0
Valve Types made by HOERBIGER Plate Guidance
Plate Valve types made by HOERBIGER

Overview Valves with different types of sealing elements
Steel Plates
Non-metallic Plates
Plate Guidance
Valves with Frictionless Guided Plates
9 1 3 7 4, 5 6 8 9 2 8 6
154F3d 4, 5
7 3
1 2
1 ... seat 2 ... guard unit 3 ... valve plate 4 ... lift washer 5 ... lift washer 6 ... dampler plate 7 ... closing springs 8 ... damping springs 9 ... nut Trained for Competence 2.2.1
suction valve
delivery valve
Plate Guidance
Frictionless Guided Plates
Valve plate Damper plate
154F3d
Plate Guidance
Frictionless Guided Plates - Examples
Valve plate 134R
Dwg. No. 004658 double guide arm, hollow ground
Damper plate 100FD

Dwg. No. 086355 double guide arm
Spring plate 109DIA

Dwg. No. 448068 Triple guide arm
Valve plate 134R

Dwg. No. 057303 single guide arm
Damping plate 183R

Dwg. No. 099199 single guide arm
Plate Guidance
Valves with Centrally Guided Valve Plates
8 1 3 5 6 4 7 8 2 7 4 5 6 3
143CGd
1 2
1 ... seat 2 ... guard unit 3 ... valve plate 4 ... damper plate 5 ... guide ring 6 ... closing springs 7 ... damping springs 8 ... nut Trained for Competence 2.2.4
Suction valve
Delivery valve
Plate Guidance
Centrally Guided Plates
Valve plate Damper plate
143CGd
Damping
Principle of Double Damping
Advantage 1: Increase in spring load Advantage 2: Reduction of tumbling Advantage 3: Reduction of opening impact
closing and damping springs

valve lift h = h1 + h2 h2
h1 + h2
closing springs alone
h2 h1 Trained for Competence 2.3.1 h1
h1
h2 spring load
Spring load
damping principle
valve design
Damping
Effect of Double Damping
Volts [V]
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50
measuring point 1 measuring point 2 cylinder pressure dead centre signal
60 70
80
90 100 110 120 130

Time [ms] opening motion of the valve plate
0 - 25 ms
reduction of opening impact strong damping springs against sticktion on the guard reduction of closing impact velocity reduction of tumbling motion of valve plate
Damping
Impulse Law
Before the impact:
damper plates not moving, mass mdp va
After the impact:
vb valve plate with mass mvp and velocity vb plate pack moves with velocity va
Impulse Law:
va = vb .
mvp mvp + mdp
Damping
Tumbling
The valve plate normally impacts at an angle onto the seat.
1st impact 2nd impact on opposite side guard
vt k 2r With the first impact the velocity of the centre of gravity is reduced, the plate starts to rotate with angular velocity . vt seat ~ 0.12 d ~ vt
center of impact v2
The 2nd impact is harder than the first impact, impact velocity: v2 ~ vt + r
vt ... Translatory speed of the centre of gravity of the plate = impact velocity of the 1st impact. ... Angular velocity of rotation caused by 1st impact.
Introduction to Plate Valve Types

Contents
type designation of steel plate valves traditional steel plate valves
Traditional valves with non-metallic valve plate

(conversion)
Trained for Competence 3.0
Valves with non-metallic sealing elements

valve vypes with plastic plate : CU, CS, CT
Traditional steel plate valves
Type Designation of Steel Plate Valves

Overview
Type designation consists of: Size: Design features:
size 1 - 3 digits DIA DIA design features 1- 3 digits diameter of the outmost seating ledge
plate guidance slot designation number of slots double damping
C: centrally - frictionless: no indication D E F G H J K L M N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 D
or series designation of a type, e.g.:

R H Valves for high speed compressors 5 slot type with double damping
Other design features:

formely letters, numbers - suffixed to main design features
Letters or combination of letters and numbers:
Type Designation of Steel Plate Valves

Examples
CFD series 92CFD double damping 3 slots centrally guided (for lubricated operation) size R-series 134R1 version 1 (obsolete, on old drawings) high speed type size H-series 213H2 version 2 (obsolete, on old drawings) series (frictionless guided, 5 slots, double damping) size HDS-series 92FD double damping 3 slots frictionless guided valve plate and damper plate (non lubricated operation) size
3.1.2 Trained for Competence
Traditional Steel Plate Valves

Valves for Process Compressors
Type Series Type Size Application delivery pressure compressor speed n [RPM] p2 max [bar] 60 30 25 400 200 bis 400 200 bis 400 400 400 200 bis 400 400 60 1500 1500 1500 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 700
Application of the R-series:

R-types are used in air compressors or in the low pressure stages of O2-compressors. For non lubricated compressors and sizes smaller than 134R the types 37RLX to 117RX are used.
R / RLX 10R/37RLX ... 79R / RLX 88R / RLX ... 117R / RLX ... 134R 214R ... 64FD 38DD DD ... 254MD 92FD HDS 92CFD ... 254CND 52CED ... 65CED CED 74CFD ... 126CFD CFD 88CGD ... 184CGD CGD ... 70ED ED 100ED ... 213H H 371H

Small R-Types, up to 117R
Valves with spring plates
up to size 117R for lubricated and non lubricated high speed air, refrigeration and gas compressors: High speed-valves
spring load P
1s prin gp 2 sp late rin g pl at es
lift h
g in r sp
s te a pl
P1 P2 P3
spring load

Large R-Valves, above and including 134R
Frictionless guided valve plates
valve plate with single guide arm middle lift washer 2 damper plates
upper lift washer closing springs
for lubricated and non lubricated high speed air, refrigeration and gas compressors: High speed-valves
Concentric Valves
Contents
Concentric Valves - Designs

7.0
Installation on Compressor Applications
Concentric Valves
Designs
Valve Arrangement
suction valve inside delivery outside valve
downwards/ upwards downwards/ sideways upper body, lower body stacked for small DIA concentric seat: ring concentric
outside inside
Seat (body) Arrangement
Flow IN / OUT
Concentric Valves
Assembly
water channels upper body
valve plate SV cushion plate SV spring plate SV

spring plates DV
Example:
valve type suction valve delivery valve cooling 98R/165CE inside outside water
valve plate DV lower body assembly
Installation on Compressor
Possible Problems
suction valve
Concentric valve type 105R/178CE with DS3 unloader
delivery valve
Throttling in intake or outlet Leakage due to incorrect clamping arrangement Insufficient cooling, for example due to - build (SV on outside) - shape of cylinder head (heating up of gas during intake)
Installation on Compressor
Possible Problems
Throttling
on intake or outlet affects: volumetric efficiency motion of valve plate The inlet and outlet ports should be larger than the passage area of the valve.
Leakage
Valve
between suction and delivery chamber between delivery chamber and cylinder inside the valve, between suction and delivery side due to incorrect clamping upper/lower bodies too thin insufficient cooling of cylinder heating up of suction duct
Cooling
Application of Concentric Valves

Example of Low Pressure Application
gasket delivery side suction side
Ring as support for gasket

Standardized Sizes
Types 30R2/54C to 194R2/296CF
79.5 -0.3 73.9 31
0.2
Example:
Valve type Drawing No. Compressor : 42R/68CD : 441766 : SF-125 starting air 1500 RPM 2nd stage
50.7 44 2
+0.15 +0.06
M6
M=4.1-5 Nm
13
20
34
69 80
-0.19

Valve for Low Pressure Application
Valve type Drawing No. Suction valve Delivery valve Unloader type Regulation : : : : : : 174RX/274F 550182 inside outside DS ON/OFF Customer : Tanabe, Japan Compressor : Type VHOS114, for starting air, 1450 RPM 1st stage: 1 - 3.3 bar Lubrication : non lubricated Cooling : water
7.4.3

Valve for High Pressure Application
These concentric valves are always individually designed.
24 M6
M=4.1-5 Nm
16 18 18 27 36 66 9
70
-0.19(h11)
Valve Type Drawing No. Suction Valve Delivery Valve Customer Compressor Lubrication Cooling
: : : : : : : :
50CI / 24C 442692 outside - 50CI inside - 24C SAPIO, Italy SIAD, 93kW, 710 RPM H2, pD,max 221 bar oil water
Plate Valves
for Piston Compressors
End of File
Trained for Competence End

3 Valve Design

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

3 Valve Design

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Plate Valves

for Piston Compressors

-/+0*.,+0 Compression Technology

Trained for Competence

Valve Characteristics Demands on a Compressor Valve

Copyright: G. KINDL - Training Center HOERBIGER Kompressortechnik June 2002

lift diagram of a delivery valve

Motion Motion of of the the valve valve plate plate

2 suction pressure TDC p1 guard lift seat clearance volume

t Trained for Competence

lift diagram of a suction valve

Copyright: G. KINDL - Training Center HOERBIGER Kompressortechnik June 2002

Trained for Competence 1.2.4

sealing suction valves leaking suction valves

Copyright: G. KINDL - Training Center HOERBIGER Kompressortechnik June 2002

Ventilation losses are the overall losses incurred in:

valve nest delivery valve delivery chamber piping

Trained for Competence 1.2.5

delivery valve = outlet

Copyright: G. KINDL - Training Center HOERBIGER Kompressortechnik June 2002

Valve losses shown on delivery valve:

Trained for Competence

pv diagram pulsating pressure in the pressure chamber

Copyright: G. KINDL - Training Center HOERBIGER Kompressortechnik June 2002

losses losses in in valve valve

Demands on a Compressor Valve

Demands on a Compressor Plate Valve

Trained for Competence 1.3.2

drag coefficient coefficient of contraction equivalent area

Demands on a Compressor Plate Valve

Long valve life and reliability Low valve losses

Compressor Valve Design

centrally guided frictionless guided

Trained for Competence 2.0

Copyright: G. KINDL - Training Center HOERBIGER Kompressortechnik June 2002

Valve Types made by HOERBIGER Plate Guidance

Plate Valve types made by HOERBIGER

Trained for Competence 2.1.1

Copyright: G. KINDL - Training Center HOERBIGER Kompressortechnik June 2002

Trained for Competence 2.2.2

Copyright: G. KINDL - Training Center HOERBIGER Kompressortechnik June 2002

Damper plate 100FD

Spring plate 109DIA

Trained for Competence 2.2.3

Valve plate 134R

Damping plate 183R

Copyright: G. KINDL - Training Center HOERBIGER Kompressortechnik June 2002

Trained for Competence 2.2.5

Copyright: G. KINDL - Training Center HOERBIGER Kompressortechnik June 2002

closing and damping springs

closing springs alone

h2 h1 Trained for Competence 2.3.1 h1

measuring point 1 measuring point 2 cylinder pressure dead centre signal

90 100 110 120 130

Time [ms] opening motion of the valve plate

Trained for Competence 2.3.2

After the impact:

Trained for Competence 2.3.3

mvp mvp + mdp

Trained for Competence 2.3.4

Introduction to Plate Valve Types

type designation of steel plate valves traditional steel plate valves

Traditional valves with non-metallic valve plate

Trained for Competence 3.0