Musculoskeletal Anatomy Quiz 2

Pelvic girdle

Hip formed by pair (2) hip bones OS COXAE OR COXAL Connects lower limbs to axial skeleton - with strongest ligaments of the body Spreads weight from upper body to lower limbs Supports visceral (gut) organs of body

ILLIUM

Large flaring bone forms superior region of coxal bone Consists of body & a superior winglike portion ALA Posterolarteral surface called GLUTEAL SURFACE Auricular surface articulates with Sacrum (sacroiliac joint)

MAJOR MARKINGS

Iliac Crests Four spines Greater sciatic notch Iliac fossa Arcuate line Pelvic brim

ISCHIUM
Forms posteroinferior part of hip bone Thick body articulates with ilium, thinner ramus articulates with pubis MAJOR MARKINGS Ischial spine Lesser sciatic notch Ischial tuberosity

PUBIS

Forms anterior portion of hip bone Articulates with ISCHIUM & ILIUM MAJOR MARKING Superior & inferior Rami Pubic crest Pubic tubercle Pubic arch Pubic symphysis Obturator foramen (along with ilium & ischium COMPARISON OF MALE/FEMALE PELVIC STRUCTURE
Characteristic Bone thickness Pubic arch/angle Acetabula Sacrum Coccyx Female Lighter, thinner, and smoother 8090 Small; farther apart Wider, shorter; sacral curvature is accentuated More movable; straighter Male Heavier, thicker, and more prominent markings 5060 Large; closer together Narrow, longer; sacral promontory more ventral Less movable; curves ventrally

THE LOWER LIMB

3 Segments of lower limb thigh, leg, foot

FEMUR

Sole bone of the thigh, largest & strongest bone in body Articulates proximally with hip & distally with TIBIA & FIBULA MAJOR MARKINGS Head Fovea capitis Greater & lesser trochanters Gluteal tuberosity Later & medial condyles Epicondyles Linea aspera Patellar surface Intercondylar notch

Movements at the hip

MUSCLES CROSSING HIP & KNEE JOINTS The most anterior compartment muscles of hip & thigh FLEX femur at hip & extend leg at knee Posterior compartments muscles of hip & thigh EXTEND thigh & flex leg Medial compartment muscles ADDUCT the thigh The 3 groups are enclosed by the FASCIA LATA

MOVEMNTS OF THIGH AT HIP Ball & socket hip joints allows FLEXION, EXTENSION, ADDUCTION, CIRCUMDUCTION, ROTATION Most important thigh FLEXERS are ILIPSOAS (prime mover), TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE & RECTUS FEMORIS Medially located ADDUCTOR muscles & SARTORIUS assist in thigh FLEXION Thigh EXTENSION primarily effected by HAMSTRING muscles (BICEPS FEMORIS, SEMITENDINOSUS, & SEMIMEMBRANOSUS) Forceful extension helped by GLUTEUS MAXIMUS ABDUCTION & ROTATION effected by GLUTEUS MINIMUS & ANTAGONIZED by LATERAL ROTATERS 5 ADDUCTOR muscles control ADDUCTION of thigh (ADDUCTOR MAGNUS, ADDUCTOR LONGUS, ADDUCTOR BREVIS, PECTINEUS & GRACILIS)

MOVEMENTS OF THE KNEE JOINTS

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS sole extensor of knee joints ANTAGONIST to quadriceps femoris are the hamstring muscles that flex the knees

Knees and legs

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