Pharos University Faculty of Engineering Architectural Engineering Department Fall 2012-2013

Course instructor: Dr. Dina Mamdouh Nassar

1st Lecture

THEORIES of HOUSING- AE348

Dr. Dina M. Nassar

THEORIES of HOUSING

Course Objectives: This course briefly reviews approaches and concerns in the field of housing, with particular emphasis on Developing Countries. Basic housing theories and their impact on the economics of housing market are analyzed. The course also represents environmental and economical considerations for sustainable residential communities. Course Description: Lectures define housing and residential needs, it address broad issues such as the history of housing, typology of housing, classification of settlements and the roots of housing problem. Students are imparted an overview of the sustainable housing requirements, and introduced to the housing problem in Egypt.

Dr. Dina M. Nassar

THEORIES of HOUSING

Evaluation: The final mark is based on the results from: 1. Written Exams: Mid-term 15 % 5-6 Quizzes 10 % Final Exam 50% 2. Two Assignments 10 % 3. Small project 15 % Course Format & Outline: The course material is delivered in fifteen -two hours- lectures in the Fall semester of the academic year 2010/2011, with the use of visual aid in the form of slide presentations. The topics are offered in the following sequence:

Dr. Dina M. Nassar

THEORIES of HOUSING Need Typology Scale Style

Housing

location Society Classification Affordability Legality Marxism

Theories

Radicalism Liberalism

Ideology Identity
Dr. Dina Mamdouh Nassar

Dr. Dina M. Nassar

THEORIES of HOUSING Group 1: Social, Economical and Political matters in the field of housing
lectures First Lecture INTRODUCTION Second Lecture URBAN SPRAWL Spontaneous shelter content Introduction to the course Basic human needs in which housing is a necessity. Difference between: housing & shelter What led to the emergence of Informal Housing? What are the consequences of rapid urbanization? assignment 1 (individual) Housing policy in Egypt in the 20th century. Formal and informal housing Illegal settlements verses legal housing Slum improvement and upgrading Semi-formal settlements Marxist, liberal, and positive theories Theoretical perspectives on housing cultures

Third Lecture Roots of the housing problem Fourth Lecture CLASSIFICATION OF HOUSING SECTORS IN EGYPT Fifth Lecture THEORETICAL DEFINITION OF HOUSING .

Dr. Dina M. Nassar

THEORIES of HOUSING Group 2: Orientation and classification matters in the field of housing

lecture Sixth Lecture HOUSING TYPOLOGY-1 Seventh Lecture HOUSING TYPOLOGY-2 Eighth Lecture HOUSING TYPOLOGY-3 Ninth Lecture APARTMENT STANDARDS Tenth lecture URBAN HOUSING SPACE

contents Brief survey of the past assignment 2 (mini project)- groups Courtyard housing Row housing Terrace housing, Flats, Lofts, Apartments, Townhouse Submission assignment-1 & discussion Apartment types Residential development gated communities

Dr. Dina M. Nassar

THEORIES of HOUSING

Group 3: sustainability and solution matters in the field of housing

lecture Eleventh Lecture DEEPER SHADS OF GREEN Twelfth Lecture NEW TOWNS IN EGYPT Thirteenth Lecture ASSIGNMENT 2 Fourteenth Lecture SUSTAINABLE HOUSING REQUIREMENTS contents Movie & discussion Governments plan. submission & discussion Ventilation, Lighting, and Material Environmental and economical considerations for sustainable residential communities

Dr. Dina M. Nassar

THEORIES of HOUSING

Bibliography: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Soliman, A., (2004), A possible way out: formalizing housing informality in Egyptian cities, University press of America, Inc. Soliman, A., (1996), (in Arabic), Housing and sustainable development in developing countries: sheltering the urban poor in Egypt, Beirut: Dar El Rateb El Jamial Press. Chiara, J., Panero, J., and Zelnik, M., (1995), Time Saver Standards for Housing and Residential Development, New York: McGraw-Hill Hanna, M., (1996), (in Arabic), Housing and policy, Egypt: El Hayah El Masreya Elama Lel Ketab. Patton C., (1988), Spontaneous Shelter: international perspectives and prospects, Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Dr. Dina M. Nassar 8

THEORIES of HOUSING

1st lecture: What are our basic humane needs? Is housing among them? ..if so, in which level?

INTRODUCTION

Dr. Dina M. Nassar

THEORIES of HOUSING

Basic human needs in which housing is a necessity

The basic needs is the fundamental measurement of absolute poverty. It defines the absolute minimum resources necessary for long-term physical well-being, usually in terms of consumption goods. The pover ty line is then defined as the amount of income required to satisfy those needs. A traditional list of "basic needs" is: food (including water), shelter, and clothing

Housing: A Basic Human Right

Many modern lists emphasize the minimum level of consumption of 'basic needs' of not just food, water, and shelter, but also sanitation, education, and healthcare.

..When did we recognize that this is important?

Dr. Dina M. Nassar

10

THEORIES of HOUSING

Basic human needs in which housing is a necessity

The UN Universal Declaration on Human Rights was issued in 1948 recognizing for the first time the human right for housing in the 25th article:

Article 25
Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.

Eleanor Roosevelt with the Spanish version of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Dr. Dina M. Nassar

11

THEORIES of HOUSING

What is the difference between shelter & housing?

Dr. Dina M. Nassar

12

THEORIES of HOUSING

Difference between: shelter & housing

Shelter is the basic human requirement that needs to be met on priority basis. Shelter is the minimum space for human needs, it contains his minimum requirements. Housing is an Investments which improves and expands the available stock of housing units, but also improve both the working and living environment. There are links between improvements in housing and increased productivity, health, and other measures of well being. The United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (UNCHS) uses a broader term "Settlement conditions because it extends to all those components of the physical environment with which an individual or a community comes into contact and which are used on a regular basis for a whole range of human activities, such as: services, the dwelling's immediate surroundings, community facilities, transportation and communications network and so on.

Dr. Dina M. Nassar

13

THEORIES of HOUSING

Facts:
World population has approached the figure of 6 billion. At least 1 billion through out the world still lack appropriate housing. On the other hand, billions live in informal housing settlements. People in developed areas are better housed now than they were at the turn of the century, although large numbers still remain without adequate shelter. In contrast people in developing countries are now living in poorer conditions than at the turn of the century. Experts estimate that from one-fifth to one-half of the inhabitants of developing countries live in makeshift shelters, shantytowns, and various forms of substandard housing. Between one-third and two-thirds of Third World urban households cannot afford the lowest-cost dwelling on the market.
Dr. Dina M. Nassar 14

THEORIES of HOUSING

Questions???
What led to the emergence of infor mal housing settlements? What are the consequences of r apid ur banization ?

How current efforts for resolving the shelter problem in

developing countries is driven? and HOW to assess approaches for the future?

Dr. Dina M. Nassar

15