* SunSeeker Project

David Carter's PIC based solar tracker. Carter uses a method that acquires the sun by alternately panning in azimuth then elevation. The PIC reads output current and finds the maximum. This is done without light sensors just the charging current sensor. The large servos, similar to radio controlled or RC servos, are driven with a pulse width signal. The ON time defines the angle. The OFF time is not critical and should be from 10mS to 30mS. ON time of 1.0mS = 0 ON time of 1.5mS = 60 ON time of 2.0mS = 120

Interesting idea but not really the best way of tracking the sun. Light sensors work much better.

demartile

* "Rich DeMartile" <rich_demartile@prodigy.net> * has a schematic of a solar tracker and mount based on a pair of CdS photo cells.
peterthinks

* "Peterthinks" <Peterthinks@hotmail.com> has made a solar tracker using RC

servos. The system has a tracker based on BEAM technology. The beam circuits powered the RC servos. The tracker used only the power of the sun to move.
tag

* The Analog Guy Solar Trackers:

ST2-48V5A SINGLE & DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKER 56V 5A MAX ST2-12V DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKER 18V 0.5A MAX One of my competiters.
jamesley

Jamesley Dasse's Solar Tracker

Jamesley made this 2 axis PV solar tracker for a college project. His professor requires that he use a stepper motor drive. I designed a preliminary circuit for him to use. This circuit doesn't have rotation limits yet.

Electronics

Front View

Stepper Drive

Rear View

LED7 Solar Tracker Schematic

relay cds

Cadmium Sulfide Relay Tracker Schematic.

CdS1 This is about the simplest tracker I know of. It uses a Radio Shack 275-249A relay. Adjust the sensitivity of the CdS cells with a Sharpie permanent marker as described bellow, in the Chace tracker. The picture tells it all. This tracker is not as accurate as the electronic tracker but quite sufficient for use with PV panels. While the proof of concept is good it will burn the relay contacts. This is caused by the relays being turned on or off slowly. It melted the plastic case on the relays.
limitops

How Limit Switches Operate

Limit switches are essential for servo motor operation with solar trackers. I made this diagram to help explain how they work. Top. Normal operation between limit switches. Middle. The left limit switch has opened to stop movement to the left. To move to the right again the diode conducts current that allows movement to the right. Bottom. The right limit switch has opened to stop movement to the right. To move to the left again the diode conducts current that allows movement to the left. Sellect a diode or rectifier rated at the maximum motor current plus some margine. Also the voltage should be at leat 100V and preferably 200V. Needles to say, the limit switch must operate before the mechanical limits are reached. If the mechanical stop is reached before the switch the motor can draw quite high currents and can destroy the solar tracker.
led1

LED1 LED Sensor Relay Tracker Schematic.

LED1 I have been looking for truly low cost and yet accurate conventional solar trackers. The CdS tracker is pretty good but lacks accuracy and sensitivity. I was thinking about using PV cells as the sensor. I was experimenting with LEDs and noticed they generate voltage in sunlight. Bingo! This got me to thinking. They generate quite a bit of voltage. The green ones generate about 1.65V, some as much a 1.74V. Not the piddley .55 volts of a silicon PV cell. How is this so? Well, it turns out green LEDs are made from Gallium Phosphide, a semiconductor with a much higher bandgap voltage.

I thought I had invented the use of LEDs as PV cells as I had never heard of this effect before. Well, after some investigating I found a number of references to this. The guys that had done the most work in this area were the people form the "BEAM" project. They make tiny solar powered robots and some used LED photo sensors. I had been using a very low threshold MOSFET in a TO-92 package, BS107PT. The threshold is about 1.5V. If I put two LEDs back to back, one fighting the other, the one with more light intensity wins. I thought I could use this to switch the MOSFET. And it worked. By using one LED as a sort of power supply and the back to back pair connected from it to the MOSFET gate the circuit is complete. (This I have not seen elsewhere.) My implementation uses three power supply LEDs, aimed East, Up, and West. The sensor LEDs are aimed about 90s from each other and at about 45s either side of up. Of course the easterly pair will be a little to the East and the westerly pair a little to the West. This makes the center have a dead zone where tracking stops. The circuit is quite sensitive. It brings the panel back to the East just after sun rise. The accuracy is quite good. You can calibrate the sensor by bending or aiming the LEDs a bit. While the proof of concept is good it will burn the relay contacts, similar to that on the Cadmium Sulfide tracker. This is caused by the relays being turned on or off slowly. It melted the plastic case on the relays.
led2

LED2 LED Sensor Relay Tracker Schematic.

LED2 Circuit 1 tends to chatter the relays under certain lighting conditions as there is no built in hysteresis. This version uses a Schmitt trigger hex inverter circuit to eliminate the chatter. It works better but is more complex. Note! R4 and R5 are used to force parking when it gets dark. If parking is not desired don't use R4 and R5. Parking may not be desired in low power consumption applications. Also, the parking resistors, R4 and R5, reduce sensitivity a bit.
led5 led5s5v

LED5S5V Simplified LED low power tracker.

LED5S5V I was looking for a much lower cost tracker for low power applications. One of these applications is a small lighting heliostat. This circuit uses small switching transistors. The maximum motor drive current is limited to about 250mA maximum at 5V. I've tested the circuit on voltages from 3V to 21V. With some component changes it should be useful to 63V in a 36V PV panel system although I haven't tried this yet. With higher voltage and the use of heat sinks on the bridge transistors much higher currents should be possible. The parts cost is very low. Parts cost estimated using Digikey prices. Ok, you can get stuff from the surplus stores but I will stick with Digikey.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 2N2222A NPN transistor 2N2907A PNP transistor 91 1/2 W resistor 5 K 1/4 W resistor 22 nF capacitor LED Green Lumex SSL-LX5093LGT 4 4 2 2 1 2 @ @ @ @ @ @ $0.21 $0.21 $0.06 $0.06 $0.08 $0.12 Total = = = = = = = $0.84 $0.84 $0.12 $0.12 $0.08 $0.24 $2.24

$2.24, is this cheap enough?

led5s12v

LED5S12V Simplified LED low power tracker.

LED5S12V This circuit uses small switching transistors. The maximum motor drive current is limited to about 100mA maximum at 12V. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 2N2222A NPN transistor 2N2907A PNP transistor 750 1/2 W resistor 47 K 1/4 W resistor 100 K 1/4 W resistor 22 nF capacitor LED Green Lumex SSL-LX5093LGT 4 4 2 2 2 1 2 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ $0.21 $0.21 $0.06 $0.06 $0.06 $0.08 $0.12 Total = = = = = = = = $0.84 $0.84 $0.12 $0.12 $0.12 $0.08 $0.24 $2.36

led5connections

LED5 Connections
led5forsale

I have the LED5 series trackers for sale.

Yes, I know, not everyone wants to build these from scratch so I made a PC board for the LED5 series. The single axis board is a bit less than 1/2" x 1" and the dual axis is a bit less than 1" x 1".
paypalled5s5v

LED5S5V 5 Volt Single Axis Low Power Tracker including shipping using PayPal. $26us total.
paypalled5d5v

LED5D5V 5 Volt Dual Axis Low Power Tracker including shipping using PayPal. $48us total.
paypalled5s12v

LED5S12V 12 Volt Single Axis Low Power Tracker including shipping using PayPal. $26us total.
paypalled5d12v

LED5D12V 12 Volt Dual Axis Low Power Tracker including shipping using PayPal. $48us total.
led5plc

LED5S12V Modified for use with a PLC.

LED5S24VPLCDN The schematic is for the "Pull Down" variant. This version of the basic LED5 can be used as a sensor input to a PLC, Programmable Logic Controller. The output is an "Open Collector" NPN transistor and assumes the PLC has the associated "Pull Up" resistors. The actual voltage range is from 4V to 28V. (I can make higher voltage variants also.) I can also make 24V LED5 trackers with totem pole outputs which have both pull up and pull down transistors. Essentially the same as the standard trackers but with limited drive capabilities. This circuit does not have a parking function. Parking and Reverse Inhibit functions are best performed in the software of the PLC using timming functions. Note! If you want, a 5.1K 1/8W passive load resister can be added if requested.
paypalled5s24vplcdn

LED5S24VPLCDN Single Axis Sensor for PLCs with PULL DOWN Transistors including shipping using PayPal. $26us total.
paypalled5s24vplcdn5k

LED5S24VPLCDN Single Axis Sensor for PLCs with PULL DOWN Transistors & 5k passive pullup resistors including shipping using PayPal. $26us total.
paypalled5d24vplcdn

LED5S24VPLCDN Dual Axis Sensor for PLCs with PULL DOWN Transistors including shipping using PayPal. $48us total. Some applications need "Pull Up" transistor outputs. This is done by using PNP transistors in the output.
paypalled5s24vplcup

LED5S24VPLCUP Single Axis Sensor for PLCs with PULL UP Transistors including shipping using PayPal. $26us total.
paypalled5d24vplcup

LED5S24VPLCUP Dual Axis Sensor for PLCs with PULL UP Transistors including shipping using PayPal. $48us total.
ledblueplc

Another Sensor for use with a PLC.

ledblueplc1

ledblueplc1a

ledblueplc2

LEDBLUEPLC LEDBLUEPLC 1 1A LEDBLUEPLC1 LEDBLUEPLC2 With 5mm LEDs

LEDBLUEPLC2 With 5mm LEDs

These sensors work nicely with a PLC input. Either you use the pullup resistor or use the pullup resistors in the PLC. In the first sensor I used a VN10LP MOSFET which needs a bit more voltage to turn on than can be obtained with just one BLUE LED. A GREEN LED is used to bias the voltage upward about 1.7V or so. The second sensor uses a ZVNL120A MOSFET which has a bit lower gate threshold voltage of 1.5Vth and can operate using only one BLUE LED. The first & second sensors have a single ended output. The output is analog in nature varying from VDD to 0V. This circuit can be used with very low current motors for solar cooker applications. The third sensor has differential outputs. This output is either West, East, or in the dead band zone where both outputs are high. The output is analog in nature varying from VDD to 0V. Note! The diodes should be types that have a very small but not zero leakage current. In this case I used 1N4148 generic silicon diodes. Don't use low leakage current diodes. If the leakage current is too low residual circuit board leakage currents from VDD can cause the voltage on the gates to float up causing both MOSFETs to turn on.

Make sure the PC board is very clean or the encapsulating epoxy is clean and has no conductive characteristics. Normal silicone RTVs are not suitable for use here. OK, Dow does make RTVs that work here but these are not readily available and are expensive.
2l003

Grainger 2L003 Gear Motor This is a 12VDC gear motor from Grainger's. This controller works well with the 2L003. This motor is an off the shelf motor from Grainger's. Stock number 2L003. It's rated for .45 RPM at 50 In Lbs. The motor current is less than 100mA at 12V and about 50mA at 5V.
tamiya

Tamiya has a number of Model Gear boxes. The motors supplied are rated for about 3V. They draw a bit to much current for the 2N2222A-2N2907A driver transistors.
lamble

LED5 Stewart Lamble built this version. He subistuted BD135 (NPN) and BD136 (PNP) transistors.
ledse

SE Solar Tracker Consumes Ultra Low Power

LEDSE I needed a special solar tracker that would consume very low pow from a very small PV panel yet be capable of delivering quite high currents to a motor load. I apologize for not presenting this unusual and innovative solar tracker circuit before. It was designed in about 2004 and a PC board was made. As with other trackers I've made the dual axis version was done on a 1" square PC board. This board can be cut

in half for a single axis version that is 1"x.5". While I have a bunch of these boards the circuit is very time consuming to assemble so this tiny tracker on the tiny PC board is not cost effective to build or for me to sell. I'm a member of a "Beam" robotics group who do similar things with Solar Engines, or "SE", circuits. This particular SE type is based on the venerable MN1381 Voltage Monitor chip.Click here to see a description of how they work.. My version used an older version of the MN1381 the MN1281 but it works the same. The MN1281 has a bit higher leakage current though. The exact part# of mine is "MN1280-L" in an unusual "M" package and has a CMOS output. I have the "L" version which triggers at 3.0V to 3.3V and has a hysteresis of 100mV to 300mV. This cool circuit can consume currents as low as 50A, or lower, which charges accumulator capacitor C5. When the MN1381 fires it couples a voltage increase to the MOSFET gates through the caps C1 & C2. A voltage difference in the two caps is caused by the sensor LEDs, however there is not enough voltage to turn on the MOSFETs. The pulse from the MN1381 IS high enough though. One of the MOSFETs will turn on harder and win causing the motor to move and discharge the accumulator capacitor. If the light is balanced both sides will fire, the motor will not move, and discharges the accumulator capacitor.
ledac

LEDAC a Very Simple Solar Tracker Powered by an AC Power Source

LEDAC1 This circuit, if powered by a low voltage AC power source, can drive a reversible permanent magnet DC motor. Basically the motor, tracker, and the AC source are connected in series in any order. As far as I can tell this is got to be the simplest conventional solar tracker that can follow the Sun in both directions and do it accurately. It has only 6 parts, 2 MOSFETs, 2 diodes, and 2 BLUE LEDs.

True, solar cooker solar trackers can have fewer parts, as low as 3 parts, but these only track in one direction to the West.
The LEDAC1 is directly related to MOSFET based Solid State Relays or SSRs. Unlike these SSRs, which turn on or off the MOSFET switches simultaneously, this tracker operates them differentially. Essentially rectifying the AC source for a pulsed half wave current output of either polarity depending on which MOSFET is on. These MOSFET based SSRs can benefit from the use of BLUE LEDs and low Vth MOSFETs. You could set them up to turn the MOSFETs on simultaneously in the conventional way or operate them individually. Or just optically isolate a single MOSFET.

mosfetssr

Note! These circuits depend on the reverse body diode inherent in MOSFETs. That's the arrow in the MOSFET symbol. Essentially, this allows conduction from the source to the drain in the opposite direction to the normal flow through the MOSFET. This LEDAC1 circuit depends on a very low gate threshold voltage MOSFET. In this case the ZVNL120A MOSFET, 1.35Vth. Yes, this transistor operates correctly in the circuit but the motor needs to be very small, maybe less than 25mA or so. What is need is a power MOSFET with similar or lower Vth. Clearly the IRF3708 1.67Vth, RFP30N06LE 1.75Vth, and IRLZ44N 1.76Vth are the best power transistors with IRLI2203N 2.01Vth a close forth.
ledcooker

Solar Cooker Solar Trackers

ledcooker1

ledcooker2

LEDCooker2 With 10mm LEDs & IRLZ44N

LEDCooker2A With 5mm LEDs & IRLI2203N

MOSFET

IRLI2203N Ron vs. Vgs

LEDCooker1

LEDCooker2

This is an example made by Small Power System. Solar cookers usually don't require a tracker that moves in both in directions. The person operating the cooker simply resets the cooker to the East when loading the food. The tracker then drives to the West stopping when aimed at the Sun. The great simplification to these designs is the elimination of the H-bridge in the output circuit. These only need a single MOSFET transistor to drive the motor. Cool huh!!! LEDCooker1 was designed several years ago, mayby 10 years or so, using the IRLZ44N logic level MOSFET, $1.67 55V 47A 22m 1.76Vth. Basically designed before cheap BLUELEDs were available. I had experimented with the BLUE ones but abandoned the project because the circuit seemed too expensive for solar cookers, especially for 3rd world country applications. I just revisited these designs as a request from one of my customers. LEDCooker2 satisfies my requirement for low parts cost at about $3us. Can I improve this further?

Instead of the 10mm Lumex LEDs I usually use, which are more expensive, I changed to 5mm types and the newer IRLI2203N MOSFET, $1.70 30V 61A 7m 2.01Vth. Even better, its in a TO-220 Fullpack package, which means the heatsink tab is insulated. The hole in the MOSFET can be used for mounting to the cooker, or a heatsink for driving larger motors, without regards to electrical connections and shorts. I.e. the whole circuit is floating. OK, for the absolute lowest cost one can use the 3 color version. I probably would choose to use BLUE for all three LEDs because of the greater bias voltage for more safety margin especially in high ambient temperature locations. I like the CREE high brightness 20mA LEDs.

Look for the "CN" 30 no stand off types. These have water clear cases. An even lower cost and parts count solar cooker tracker can be made with a TO-92 package ZVNL120A MOSFET, $0.78 200V 180mA 10 1.35Vth. This circuit requires LED2 to beBLUE and LED1 can be any color even infra red. Both LEDs are required to obtain a balance point. Of course the ZVNL120A would only work with quite small motors. A possibly better use is as a solar sensor. I should say that a single BLUE LED can be used as an absolute light sensor though.

LEDCooker3
ledcooker3

LEDCooker3

Before and after encapaulation. RFP30N06LE And with the power connector. Ron vs. Vgs

And improved even further, the LEDCooker3 uses the RFP30N06LE MOSFET, $1.09 60V 30A 47m 1.75Vth. I've tested about 100 of these and directly measured the Vth to be 1.72Vgs @ 5mA. Clearly the 2.25V generated by the BLUE LED can respectably drive this MOSFET. The total parts cost including a connector is $2.31us. Cool Huh!!!
ledblue

Bidirectional Analog Solar Tracker or Sensor.

LEDBlueN1 Bidirectional version of the LEDCooker3 When powered from a DC power source, as opposed to the AC power source of the LEDAC, one needs an H-Bridge output. In this case the low side MOSFETs are N channelIRF3708s and the high side uses P channel SPP18P06Ps. The pair of BLUE LEDs generate a differential voltage applied to the gates. The diodes cause these voltages to always be above ground. If one side is higher than the other oneIRF3708 MOSFET turns on harder and and enables the SPP18P06P MOSFET on the opposite corner to also turn on causing the motor to turn. Of course, if the differential voltage is the other way the motor also turns the other way. This circuit requires a small bias current be pulled out of the MOSFET gates to compensate for the leakage currents going into the gate from the positive supply which would could cause both MOSFETs to turn on, a bad thing. A pair of resistors could be connect from the gates to the emitters to absorb the approximately 20nA of leakage current. Unfortunately, I can't obtain low cost resistors in the 100M or more range. A better way is to use diodes that have more leakage current than the MOSFET gates.

The 1N4148 universal high speed switching diode has about 20nA of leakage current, more as the temperature goes up. I tested several hundred of these and all worked well in the circuit. The reason normal 10M resistors don't work is they consume more current than can be supplied by the BLUE LEDs. Low leakage diodes such as the BAS416 don't work in this circuit is because their leakage current is to low.

LEDBLUEPLC2

LEDBLUEPLC2 With 5mm LEDs

This is a variation that has pull up resistors instead of high side MOSFETs for use as a sensor for PLC or other electronics. It uses a pair of ZVNL120A MOSFETs. Notice this is essentially the same circuit as the LEDAC except with 3 terminals instead of 2.
ledfast

LEDFAST Acting Analog Solar Tracker.

LEDFAST I needed a special solar tracker that is very fast acting. The action needed to move a

PV panel from lock to lock in a few seconds. It was important that little overshoot occur. This circuit satisfies these requirements. 1. R7/R8 form a voltage divider to produce a voltage of 1/2 of VDD and applied to the non inverting inputs of the OpAmps. 2. The OpAmps are setup to have a gain of 1000X through R3/R1 and R4/R2. Capacitor C1/C2 limit the high frequency response of the circuit to prevent oscillations. 3. The LED sensor circuits need to be high impedance so are isolated from the gain resistors through resistors R5 and R6. 4. I use large 10mm "GREEN" LEDs with clear cases. They are made by Lumex, but all normal LEDs can work. (Don't use the White LEDs as they are not normal types.) The LEDs act as small photo voltaic generators. Since LED1 & LED2 sensors are connected back to back the sensor that has the greater light intensity expresses its voltage over that of the sensor with lessor light intensity. Imbalance in the light on the sensors produces a differential voltage which is amplified and presented to the motor. As the light approaches balance the motor differential voltage approaches zero resulting in no motor current. 5. The LM324 has an output current drive capability of >10mA. Transistor pairs Q1/Q2 & Q3/Q4 form unity voltage gain emitter follower current gain amplifiers. With power transistors that have a gain of 100 the motor drive current can be about 1A or more. 6. VCC can be from about 6V to an absolute maximum of 32V. Other OpAmps can be used for a greater VCC range. 7. Note! Limit switches are required in the motor circuits. See: How Limit Switches Operate. 8. There has to be a down side though. This is a true analog circuit that drives the output transistors in a linear manor therefore power is wasted when slowing the motors. Heat sinks may be required. 9. This circuit is not generally suitable for use with normal high efficiency solar tracking applications. It is best suitable for school projects.

led3

LED3 LED Sensor Electronic Tracker with H-Bridge Drive.

LED3 I decided to make a commercial surface mount PC board using the LED2 sensor concept. It is quite sensitive and can track to a few degrees of accuracy in bright sunlight. If a blocking shadow is used the accuracy is better then 1/4, that's about as good as you can get with an active feedback sensor. The board is a tiny .7"x1.4". Note! I have replaced the LED3 with the much more capable LED3X series of solar trackers. See below. This circuit uses power MOSFET drivers and is designed to operate satellite dish linear actuators, however most any DC motor can be used. The power drivers are capable of delivering about 10 amps of peak current, maybe more. When better transistors become available this current can be increased. The drivers operate the actuators in pulses of about .3 second every 3 seconds or a 10% duty cycle. This eliminates the needed for a heat sink on the transistors. Neat huh! I haven't decided if 10% is the best duty cycle to use. Less will make the tracking slower but, we don't need speed anyway. I will determine this when I get better weather. Slow tracking speed helps in partly cloudy condition. This prevents the tracker from making unnecessary movements when clouds move by.

No electrical adjustments are required. The LEDs can be mechanically adjusted for optimum tracking performance by aiming them after the circuit board is mounted.
led3shadow

To improve accuracy, ie. with concentrators such as troughs or dishes, a blocking shadow can be placed in front. The shadow just covers the two inner LEDs when aimed at the sun. Similar to the shadow on the Chace Tracker. I have used a band of metal about .5" in width at about 6" from the LED3. If the LED3 is used for E-W tracking the band is oriented N-S. Conversely, if the LED3 is used for N-S tracking the band is oriented E-W. The shadow device is not particularly critical. For instance, I have used black electrical tape on the weather dome and it worked well.
led3specifications

Power Supply Voltage

8 Volts to 22 Volts inclusive. The 8V minimum is specified to prevent damage to the MOSFET power drivers. The damage is due to operating them in the linear region with a load. This causes excessive power to be dissipated in the MOSFET with a resultant damaging temperature rise. The 22 volt maximum is defined by the voltage tolerance of 24V protection zener. This zener protects the power MOSFETs from seeing damaging breakdown voltages. During testing I had several failures when operating from a car battery while the alternator was running. It was determined that the alternator was producing voltage spikes in excess of the 30V breakdown specification of the MOSFETs. The 24V zener has an initial tolerance of 5%. So the maximum continuous voltage that can be applied before conduction can occur is 22.8V or so. Most PV panels don't output more than 22V in open circuit. You should check for sure. If they do go to high in voltage a simple power regulator should be added to limit the maximum voltage.

Load Current Continuous 5 Amp resistive. The power MOSFETs are rated at over 10A at 25F. A conservative derating of 50% is prudent especially in hot weather conditions. Load Current Intermitant 10 Amp intermitant at 10mS width once per timing cycle.

The Power MOSFETs have an absolute maximum current rating of 30A, but this is with ideal conditions where the temperature is 25F and very fast gate rise times. The LED3 has a relatively slow gate rise time and may be operated at quite high temperatures sue to the weather. I think 10A at about 10mS is adequate for normal tracking applications. If higher current motors are required a power amplifier may be needed. See: http://www.redrok.com/electron.htm#power I should note that the satellite dish actuator I use normally consumes about 290mA of current at 13.8VDC. This actuator is capable of driving a 15' dish with 1500lb of force. You don't need a high powered drive, just a slow forceful one. Think slow! Operating Temperature
semiconductor

-40F to 185F or -40C to 85C

Transistor's I've Used

mosfet nch

------ ------

------ ------ ------ ------ -----with integral 100V Zener +-30V Gate with integral 500V Zener with integral 500V Zener +-25V Gate with integral 120V Zener with integral $2. 99

IRFB59N1 0D

100V 59.00 25m 5.5Vt Singl N-Ch TOA 220, he TO262

IRFP460

500V 20.00 270m 4.0Vt Singl N-Ch TOA 247 he

$6. 28

IRF840

500V 8.00 850m 4.0Vt Singl N-Ch TOA 220 he

$2. 79

FQP46N15 150V 45.60 42m 4.0Vt Singl N-Ch TOA 220 he STP40NF1 120V 40.00 32m 4.0Vt Singl N-Ch TOA 220 2 he

$2. 08 $1. 87

IRF520N

100V 9.70 200m 4.0Vt Singl N-Ch TOA 220 he

$1. 23

NDP708AE

80V 60.00 22m 4.0Vt Singl A he

IRF2708

75V 82.00 13m 4.0Vt Singl A he

IRFZ48V

60V 72.00 12m 4.0Vt Singl A he

IRFZ44N

60V 55.00 16.5m 4.0Vt Singl A he

RF1S50V6 0

60V 50.00 22.0m 4.0Vt Singl A he

MTP50N06 V

60V 42.00 28m 4.0Vt Singl A he

IRFZ34

60V 30.00 50m 4.0Vt Singl A he

IRF1405

55V 169.0 5.3m 4.0Vt Singl 0A he

IRF3315

150V 27.00 70m 3.21 Singl A Vth e @3 4.0Vt

h

100V Zener N-Ch TOwith 220, integral T080V 262A Zener B N-Ch TOwith 220, integral T075V 262A Zener B N-Ch TOwith 220 integral 60V Zener N-Ch TOwith 220 integral 60V Zener N-Ch TOwith 262A integral A 60V Zener 175C N-Ch TOwith 220 integral 60V Zener N-Ch TOwith 220 integral 60V Zener N-Ch TOwith 220 integral 55V Zener N-Ch TOwith 220 integral 120V Zener IRF3315 Ron vs. Vgs N/N- SO-8 Ch with integral

$?. ??

$2. 78

$2. 13

$1. 68

$?. ??

$?. ??

$1. 38

$3. 02

$1. 86

IRF7313

30V 4.00 29m 3.0Vt Dual A h

$2. 37

2N7002

60V 0.30 A

VN2222LL 2N7000

60V 0.23 A 60V 0.20 A

30V Zener 5000m 2.5Vt Singl N-Ch SOT- Phillips 23 NXP +he 30V Gate 7500m 2.5Vt Singl N-Ch TO 92 he 5000m 2.45 Singl N-Ch TO+-20V Vth e 92, Gate @30 SOT 23 3.0Vt 2N7000 Ron vs. Vgs
h

$0. 41

$0. 57 $0. 42

VN0106

60V 2.50 5000m 2.4Vt Singl N-Ch TOA 92 he

$?. ??

VN0106 Ron vs. Vgs ZVN3306A VN2106 HUF76137 P3 60V 0.30 5000m 2.4Vt Singl N-Ch TOA 92 he 60V 0.30 6000m 2.4Vt Singl N-Ch TOA 92 he 30V 75.00 9m 2.15 Singl N-Ch TOwith A Vth e 220A integral @3 B 30V 3.0Vt Zener
h

$0. 78 $0. 72 $?. ??

HUF76137P3 Ron vs. Vgs $1. 70

IRLI2203N

30V 61.00 A

IRL540N

100V 36.00 A

IRL530N

100V 15.00 A

7m 2.01 Singl N-Ch TOwith Vth e 220 integral @3 Insula 30V 2.5Vt ted Zener Fullp h IRLI2203N Ron vs. ack Vgs 44m 2.0Vt Singl N-Ch TOwith e 220 integral h 100V Zener 160m 2.0Vt Singl N-Ch TOwith 220 integral he 100V Zener

$1. 23

$1. 70

VN10LP

60V 0.30 5000m 1.92 Singl N-Ch TOA Vth e 92 @30 2.5Vt
h

$0. 68

VN10LP Ron vs. Vgs

SI3442DV IRLZ44N

BS107PT

60V 4.00 70m 1.8Vt Singl N-Ch TSOP +-8V $0.66 A e -6 Gate h 55V 47.00 22m 1.76 Singl N-Ch TOwith A Vth e 220 integral @3 55V 2.5Vt Zener h IRLZ44N Ron vs. Vgs 200V 0.10 28000 1.76 Singl N-Ch TOA m Vth e 92 E@30 line 2.5Vt BS107PT Ron vs. Vgs
h

$1. 67

$0. 91

RFP30N06 LE

IRF3708

ZVN2106A

2SK3065

60V 30.00 47m 1.75 Singl N-Ch TOwith A Vth e 220 integral @3 TO60V 2.0Vt 263A Zener B Gate RFP30N06LE Ron vs. h Protecti Vgs on Zener 30V 62.00 12m 1.67 Singl N-Ch TOwith A Vth e 220 integral @3 TO30V 2.0Vt 262 Zener h IRF3708 Ron vs. Vgs 60V 0.45 6000m 1.65 Singl N-Ch TOA Vth e 92 E@30 Line 2.4Vt ZVN2106A Ron vs. h Vgs 60V 2.00 320m 1.5Vt Singl N-Ch SCGate A 62 Protecti he on Zener

$1. 09

$1. 74

$0. 72

$0. 83

ZVNL120A 200V 0.20 10000 1.35 Singl N-Ch TOA m Vth e 92 @30 1.5Vt
h

$0. 78

ZVNL120A Ron vs. Vgs $0. 58

DMN5L06 VAK

DN2530

DN3545

CPC3703

N/N- SOTwith Ch 563 integral 50V Zener 300V 0.17 12000 - Singl N-Ch TODepleti A m 1.0Vt e 92, on SOTMode h 89 450V 0.20 20000 - Singl N-Ch TODepleti A m 1.5Vt e 92, on SOTMode h 89 250V 0.36 4000m - Singl N-Ch SOT- Depleti A 1.6Vt e 89 on Mode h VSG vs IS @ VDG of 15V,10V,5V

50V 0.30 2000m 1.0Vt Dual A h

$0. 71

$0. 82

$0. 95

------ -----Si4539ADY 30/- 4.90/30V 3.70 A 20/- 5.80/Si4511DY 20V 3.710 A Si4500BDY 20/- 5.30/20V 3.10 A pch ------ ------20V Si1023X 0.40 A -12V IRF7410 13.00 A
nchpch

------ ------ ------ ------ -----36/53 1.0/- Dual N/P- SO-8 m 1.0Vt Ch
h

$2. 06 $2. 06 $1. 46

33/500 1.8/- Dual m 1.4Vt

h

N/P- SO-8 Ch N/P- SO-8 Ch

30/100 1.5/- Dual m 1.5Vt

h

------ ------ ------ ------ -----1200m - Dual P/P- SOT 0.8Vt Ch 563
h

$0. 52 with integral -12V Zener $2. 03

7m

- Singl P-Ch SO-8 0.9Vt e

h

Si4947ADY -30V

- 80m

- Dual

P/P- SOIC

$1.

3.90 1.0Vt Ch -8 A h - 130m - Singl P-Ch TOSPP18P06P -60V 18.60 2.34 e 220 A Vth @30 2.8Vt
h

22 $1. 31

SPP18P06P Ron vs. Vgs with integral -60V Zener MTD5P06V Ron vs. Vgs -+30V Gate with integral -30V Zener with integral -60V Zener IRF9Z34 Ron vs. Vgs $?. ?? $1. 17 $1. 07

MTD5P06 V

-60V

- 340m - Singl P-Ch DPA 5.00 2.86 e C3 A Vth pin @30 4.0Vt
h

VP0610T

-60V

IRF7316

- 10000 - Singl P-Ch SO0.12 m 3.5Vt e 23 A h -30V - 58m - Dual P/P- SO-8 4.90 3.0Vt Ch A h -60V - 140m - Singl P-Ch TO18.00 3.13 e 220 A Vth @30 4.0Vt
h

IRF9Z34

$1. 39

IRF4905

-55V

- 20m - Singl P-Ch TO74.00 3.30 e 220 A Vth @3 4.0Vt

h

with integral -55V Zener IRF4905 Ron vs. Vgs with integral -55V Zener with

$2. 81

IRF5305

-55V

31.00 A

6m

- Singl P-Ch TO4.0Vt e 220

h

$1. 61

IRF5210

-100V

- 60m

- Singl P-Ch TO-

$2.

18.00 A
bipolar npn

4.0Vt e
h

220

integral -100V Zener

66

------ ------

------ ------ ------ ------ -----1.0W 120H Singl fe e 0.9W 160H Singl fe e 0.5W 35Hfe Singl e 1000 Singl Hfe e NPN TO92L NPN TO92M OD NPN TO18 NPN TO220 $0. 11 $?. ?? Metal Can Darlingt on .12K/ 8K $0. 96 $0. 68

KSC2330Y 300V 0.10 A BU 80V 1.00 2SD667 A 2N2222A TIP120 75V 0.60 A 60V 5.00 A

BC337 BC550 BD135 MPSA18 2N3904

pnp

2N3906 BC327

45V 0.80 A 45V 0.10 A 45V 1.50 A 45V 0.10 A 40V 0.20 A ------ ------40V -0.2A -45V

BC560

-45V

BD136

-45V

2N2907A

-60V

2SB1181

-80V

0.625 60Hfe Singl W e 0.5W 110H Singl fe e 12.5W 40Hfe Singl e .625W 400H Singl fe e 0.625 40Hfe Singl W e ------ ------ -----0.625 40Hfe Singl W e - 0.625 100H Singl 0.80 W fe e A - 0.5W 110H Singl 0.10 fe e A - 12.5W 40Hfe Singl 1.50 e A .4W 75Hfe Singl 0.60 e A - 1.0W 180H Singl 1.00 fe e

NPN TO92 NPN TO92 NPN TO126 NPN TO92 NPN TO92 ------ -----PNP TO92 PNP TO92 PNP TO92 PNP TO126 PNP TO18 PNP SC63 Metal Can

$0. 44 $0. 52 $0. 62 $0. 52 $0. 42 $0. 46 $0. 43 $0. 29 $0. 62 $0. 92 $0. 98

TIP127

A -100V 5.00 A

1000 Singl Hfe e

PNP TO220

Darlingt on .12K/ 8K

$0. 60

------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ -----40V 1.50 1.25Va 100 2.5 Positi TOLM317 A A V ve 220 dj 80V 0.10 1.25Va 100 1.9 Positi TOLM317L A A V ve 92 dj Positi LM317 ve opamp ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ -----32V 20m 3000 0.5m 0.25 Quad DIPLM124A A Vos Hz V/S 14 32V 20m 7000 0.5m 0.25 Dual DIP-8 LM358A A Vos Hz V/S 16V 19m 23Vos 1.3m 2.50 Dual SOIC AD8639 A Hz V/S -8 comparato ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ -----36V 6mA 2mVos 1.3 300n Quad DIPLM339A S S 14 36V 6mA 5mVos 1.3 300n Quad DIP-8 LM393A S S tempsensor ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ -----+- Anal SING SOTLM50BIM 4.5V- 130 100m 10V A V @ - 2C og LE 23 3X 40C 1750m V@ 125C diode ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ -----400V 3.00 1.00V 3.00 150 DO1N5404 A @3A W C 201A D 400V 1.00 1.10V 3.00 175 DO1N4004 A @1A W C 201A D 200V 0.125 1.00V 0.40 200 DOHSS82 A @100 W C 34 mA 100V 0.30 1.00V 0.50 175 DO1N4148
regulator

Excel file

Silicon

Silicon

Schottk y Silicon

PMBD7000 100V

BAW56

85V

MMBD414 8 BAS416

75V

75V

1N270

50V

SB540

40V

A @10m A 0.215 0.82V A @10m A 0.200 0.855V A @10m A 0.200 1.00V A @10m A 0.20 1.00V A @10m A 0.040 1.00V A @200 mA 5.00 0.55V A @5A 0.39V @3A 1.00V @5mA -----2.00W

35 Silicon

0.25 150 Dual SOTW C 23 0.35 150 Dual SOTW C 23 0.35 150 W C 0.25 150 W C SOT23

Silicon

Silicon

SOD3 Silicon 23

0.05 90C 0.8pF DO-7 German W ium 2.75 125 W C 1.50 W 0.05 W -----4000 125 C 75C -----150 C DO- Schottk 201A y D SOD- Schottk 106 y DO-7 German ium ------ -----5% DOZener 41 5% DO41 5% DO35 Zener

20V 5.00 A 20V 0.050 A zener ------ -----2EZ110D5 110V 17m @4.5 A mA 51V 20m 1N4757 @250 A A 5.1V 70m 1N4625 @5m A A BZX84C2V 2.7V 83m @5m A 7LT1 A RSX501L20 G331

1.00W 1,5K 175 C 0.40W 1.5K 175 C

Zener

0.225 1.5K 150 10% SOTW C 23

Zener