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com: TIME Magazine ~ How the Moussaoui Case Crumbled Page 1 of5

FROM
TIME
THE M A G A Z I N E
Sunday, Oct. 19,2003

How the Moussaoui Case Crumbled

TIME in depth: A trial once described as a siam dunk is caught
in a post—9/11 legal wrangle
By VIVEGA NOVAK I WASHINGTON

U.S. authorities easily nabbed Zacarias Moussaoui in the weeks before

9/11, but prosecuting the alleged terrorist has been far from smooth. Here
are the twists and turns in a case many thought would be open-and-shut:

When Zacarias Moussaoui was enrolled in flight school in Eagan, Minn.,

he could have easily looked up in the sky to see the kind of airplane he
wanted to fly. Along the approach to the Minneapolis-St. Paul airport, 747s
screamed overhead day and night. His flight instructor at Pan Am
International Flight Academy found Moussaoui genial but clueless and
totally unable to explain why he wanted to pilot a 747. The school's
administration called the fbi, and he was arrested nearby on Aug. 16, 2001.
When investigators interviewed the 3 3-year-old French Moroccan and
asked him whether he planned to use a plane for a terrorist attack, he either
did not answer or asked for a lawyer, according to different sources familiar
with the session. He was then held for overstaying his visit to the U.S.

Less than a month after he was locked up, 19 al-Qaeda operatives boarded
four commercial jetliners and turned them into aerial bombs, killing more
than 3,000 people in the worst terrorist attacks ever on U.S. soil. Within
days, investigators began piecing together intriguing parallels between
Moussaoui's actions and those of the hijackers. He had come to the U.S. to
attend flight school, just like the hijackers; he too had purchased knives; he
too possessed flight manuals for commercial jets. Three months to the day
after the attacks, Attorney General John Ashcroft proudly announced a
showstopping list of conspiracy charges against Moussaoui—who the
government strongly hinted was the missing 20th hijacker—calling the
indictment "a chronicle of evil." He was—and remains—the only person in
the U.S. charged in connection with 9/11.

Nearly two years later, the government's case, which had been billed as a
slam dunk, is a shambles. On Oct. 2, U.S. District Judge Leonie Brinkema
said prosecutors could not seek the death penalty for Moussaoui and could
not even allege that he had a link to the 9/11 conspiracy. She put those
shackles on the government's case because it had denied the defendant, on

http://www.time.com/time/magazine/printout/0,8816,524419,00.html 10/26/03
FORWARD : News Page 1 of 4

JUNE 20, 2003 I current.issue I back, issues I subscribe I

Oil for Food Sales Seen As Iraq Tie To Al

Qaeda
U.S. Probes Bank Network
By MARC PERELMAN
FORWARD STAFF

The hunt for Saddam Hussein's money could provide some clues to one of the claims made
by the Bush administration to justify its war in Iraq — the possible link between the former
Iraqi regime and the Al Qaeda terrorist group.

Two entities, a shadowy banking network linked by the administration to Al Qaeda and a
Saudi oil company close to the Taliban regime, were involved in buying oil from Saddam
Hussein under the United Nations' oil-for-food program, the Forward has learned.

The now-defunct program allowed Iraq to buy food and medicine with its oil proceeds
under U.N. supervision. Although the oil sales in question were legal and approved by the
U.N., several observers say the system involved kickbacks and was used by Saddam to buy
political support and to finance intelligence activities and even terrorist groups.

"It seems very plausible that some of the oil money went to terrorism financing," a
terrorism-financing expert closely monitoring Iraq said on condition of anonymity. "I
believe this actually happened."

Among Iraq's oil customers since 1997 is a Liechtenstein-based company called Galp
International Trading Establishment, a subsidiary of Portugal's main oil company, according
to a list of oil purchasers obtained by the Forward. The U.N. has not published the list.

The company chose as its legal representative in Liechtenstein — a tax haven known for
hosting thousands of shell companies — a company called Asat Trust, according to
Liechtenstein business records.

Asat Trust was designated by the United States and the U.N. as a financier of Al Qaeda
through its links to Al Taqwa, a cluster of financial entities spanning the globe from the
Bahamas to Italy and controlled by members of the Muslim Brotherhood.

The operation raises the possibility that Iraq quietly funneled money to Al Qaeda by
deliberately choosing an oil company working with one of the terrorist group's alleged
financial backers.

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Mail:: INBOX: FW: On Iraq-Al Qaeda Connection Page 1 of 4

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Date: Mon, 14 Jul 2003 22:45:13 -0400
From: Philip Zeiikow <pzelikow@9-11commission.gov>^
To: "" <team1@9-11commission.gov>^
Reply-to: "" <pzelikow@9-11commission.gov>4|
Subject: FW: On Iraq-Al Qaeda Connection

We should be able to check some of this out.

Philip

Original Message
From: Katsu Furukawa [mailto:katsu.furukawa@miis.edu]
Sent: Monday, July 14, 2003 3:21 PM
To: katsu.furukawa@miis.edu
Subject: On Iraq-Al Qaeda Connection

Standard Weekly

The Al Qaeda Connection, cont.

More reason to suspect that bin Laden and Saddam may have been in
league.
by Stephen F. Hayes
07/11/2003 5:45:00 PM

THE INDISPENSABLE Glenn Reynolds has linked to an article in the

Nashville
Tennessean written by a Tennessee judge who believes he is in possession
of
documents linking Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden.

The judge is Gilbert S. Merritt, a federal appeals court judge invited

to
help Iraqis construct a legal system in postwar Iraq. He is, according
to
Reynolds, "a lifelong Democrat and a man of unimpeachable integrity."

Here is an excerpt of his account:

The document shows that an Iraqi intelligence officer, Abid Al-Karim

Muhamed
Aswod, assigned to the Iraq embassy in Pakistan, is ''responsible for
the
coordination of activities with the Osama bin Laden group.''

The document shows that it was written over the signature of Uday Saddam
Hussein, the son of Saddam Hussein. The story of how the document came
about
is as follows.

Saddam gave Uday authority to control all press and media outlets in
Iraq.
Uday was the publisher of the Babylon Daily Political Newspaper.

On the front page of the paper's four-page edition for Nov. 14, 2002,
there

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ABCNEWS.com Page 1 of4

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AP: Terrorist Says 9/11 Plot Began in '96

AP Exclusive: 9/11 Mastermind Tells Investigators He First Discussed Plot With Bin
Laden in 1996

The Associated Press

WASHINGTON Sept. 21 —

Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, mastermind of the Sept. 11 attacks, has told American interrogators that he
first discussed the plot with Osama bin Laden in 1996 and that the original plan called for hijacking five
commercial jets on each U.S. coast before it was modified several times, according to interrogation
reports reviewed by The Associated Press.

Mohammed also divulged that, in its final stages, the hijacking plan called for as many as 22 terrorists
and four planes in a first wave, followed by a second wave of suicide hijackings that were to be aided
possibly by al-Qaida allies in southeast Asia, according to the reports.

Over time, bin Laden scrapped various parts of the Sept. 11 plan, including attacks on both coasts and
hijacking or bombing some planes in East Asia, Mohammed is quoted as saying in reports that shed new
light on the origins and evolution of the plot of Sept. 11, 2001.

Addressing one of the questions raised by congressional investigators in their Sept. 11 review,
Mohammed said he never heard of a Saudi man named Omar al-Bayoumi who provided some rent
money and assistance to two hijackers when they arrived in California.

Congressional investigators have suggested Bayoumi could have aided the hijackers or been a Saudi
intelligence agent, charges the Saudi government vehemently deny. The FBI has also cast doubt on the
congressional theory after extensive investigation and several interviews with al-Bayoumi.

In fact, Mohammed claims he did not arrange for anyone on U.S. soil to assist hijackers Khalid al-
Mihdhar and Nawaf al-Hazmi when they arrived in California. Mohammed said there "were no al-Qaida
operatives or facilitators in the United States to help al-Mihdhar or al-Hazmi settle in the United States,"
one of the reports state.

Mohammed portrays those two hijackers as central to the plot, and even more important than
Mohammed Atta, initially identified by Americans as the likely hijacking ringleader. Mohammed said
he communicated with al-Hazmi and al-Mihdhar while they were in the United States by using Internet
chat software, the reports states.

Mohammed said al-Hazmi and al-Mihdhar were among the four original operatives bin Laden assigned

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Date: Tue, 9 Sep 2003 23:40:59 -0400
From: Stephanie Kaplan <skaplan@9-11commission.gov>4P
To: "" <team1a@9-11commission.gov>4f,"" <mjacobson@9-11commission.gov>^
Reply-to: "" <skaplan@9-11 commission.gov>4|
Subject: "DSM" Article in Post Tomorrow

S\ unnamed text/html 36.06 KB HI

st1\:*{behavior:url(#defaultfieooui)}

Dieter, et al: You should see this before tomorrow's Commission meeting. Mr. Eggen clearly
doesn't know how hard you are working. SLK

Who Aided Hijackers Is Still Mystery

FBI Disputes Findings Of Congressional Inquiry

By Dan Eggen
Washington Post Staff Writer
Wednesday, September 10, 2003; Page A01

Two years after al Qaeda terrorists slammed jetliners into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, FBI and
congressional investigators remain deeply divided over whether the 19 hijackers received help from other al Qaeda
operatives inside the United States and still are unable to answer some of the central questions in the case.

The uncertainties persist despite the largest FBI investigation in U.S. history -- which has included 180,000
interviews and 7,000 agents -- and raise the possibility that Americans will never know precisely how the conspirators were
able to pull off the most devastating terrorist attacks in U.S. history.

"We know quite a bit about the attacks," FBI counterterrorism chief Larry Mefford said last week.
"Unfortunately, we don't know everything."

Some of the doubts surround intriguing details: Investigators still have no firm grasp on why the
hijacker pilots booked layovers in Las Vegas during apparent practice runs on commercial airliners in 2001.
Authorities also have found no definitive explanation for why ringleader Mohamed Atta and another hijacker, Abdulaziz
Alomari, began their suicidal journey on Sept. 11, 2001, with a seemingly risky commuter flight from Portland, Maine, to
Boston -- coming within minutes of missing their flights out of both cities. And what exactly was discussed at a pivotal
meeting in Kuala Lumpur in January 2000, where investigators believe -- but cannot prove -- that the Sept. 11 plot was put in
motion?

But perhaps the biggest riddle -- one that has only become murkier in recent months — centers on the
support given to the hijackers while they were laying the groundwork for the attacks, and what that
suggests about a pre-existing network of operatives in the United States.

A recent congressional inquiry raises the possibility that al Qaeda supporters were in place in this
country to help the hijackers; were aware of at least some aspects of the plot; and may have been
supported by elements of another government, Saudi Arabia. If true, that could mean that domestic accomplices to
the attacks are still at large.

http://kinesis.swishmail.com./webmail/imp/message.php?actionID=148&mailbox=INBOX&... 9/10/03

Davjd Aufhauser, left, Treasury Department general counsel, and Larry A. Meff ord, assistant director of the FBI's
i Division, testify about the growing WahhaM influence in terrorism in the United States.
Saudi Strain of Islam Faulted
y&U-Funded Wahhabism Embraced by Terrorists, Experts Say
IjlHN MlNTZ
ungton Post Staff Writer
ma rare congressional hearing on
§audi funding of extremism, two
U&rsenators and a panel of terror-
is® experts said yesterday that top
Saudi officials and institutions
spe'nid huge sums from the king-
dom's oil wealth to promote an intol-
ejfeftt school of Islam embraced by al
Qa'dfla and other terrorist groups.
QThe problem we are looking at
is the state-sponsored doc-
and funding of an extremist
that provides the recruit-
, support infrastructure
and monetary lifeblood to today's in-
ternational terrorists," said Sen. Jon
K^f jR-Ariz.), who chaired the hear-
$W the Senate Judiciary Commit-
i panel.
t administration officials
_,_ avoided suggesting that Saudi
A$iSi|a, an important U.S. ally, is the
AMfj's leading source of terrorist
ftplmg, Treasury Department gen-
eM%ounsel David Aufhauser testi-
fieliDyesterday that "in many ways,
[Slftidi Arabia] is the epicenter" for
a2»fc—[cing Qf Osama bin Laden's
L network and other terror-
are not at war with a faith,
any particular sect," Auf-
said. But he added that Is-
'severe and uncompromising"
movement "is a very im-
it factor to be taken into ac-
when discussing terrorist fi-
tw
auser added that the Saudis'
largely unmonitored spending to
sahs [Islamic schools] that condemn
pluralism and mark nonbelievers as
enemies ... It needs to be dealt
with."
Wahhabism was founded in the
18th century by the cleric Muham-
mad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, who
preached an austere brand of Islam
that barkens to the prophet Moham-
med. Historians say the modern
Saudi state is led by an alliance of his
followers, who handle the king-
dom's religious affairs, and the royal
Saud family.
Saudi Embassy officials did not
respond to requests for comment
yesterday evening. But in the past
they and their defenders have said
critics of Wahhabism exhibit an anti-
Islamic bias and want to disrupt the
U.S.-Saudi alliance. Saudi officials
discourage the use of the term Wah-
habism to describe their religious
view, preferring the term Salafism.
Witnesses at the hearing did not
provide many details about the Sau-
di religious establishment's spend-
ing practices around the world—a
problem confronted by Wahhab-
ism's critics for years, in part be-
cause of the Saudis' traditional se-
crecy about their affairs.
Alex Atexiev, an expert on ex-
tremist movements and a fellow at
the conservative Ceifter for Security
Policy, cited figures in Saudi govean-
ment reports showing that between
1975 and 2002, the government had
spent $70 billion on aid projects
around the world. He said it was un-
clear whether this included the large
sums in private donations doled out
by Saudi-regulated foundations.
BY RAY LUSTE—THE WASHINGTON POST
that each year it prints 13 million Is-
lamic books, dispatches 3,000 prose-
rytizers, and founds 1,100 mosques,
schools and centers.
Aufhauser also mentioned al-Ha-
ramain, saying that after the recent
synchronized bombings of several
residential compounds in Saudi Ara-
bia that killed 34 people, including
eight Americans, Saudi officials
dosed 10 of the charity's offices
around the world. Al-Haramain's
board of directors was purged, he
added, and "a significant number of
prominent fundraisers" were arrest-
ed
Saudi officials had dragged their
feet for months in cracking down on
al-Haramain, in part because of its
influence in the highest circles of
Saudi society, U.S. officials said pri-
vately. But yesterday Aufhauser said
that since the May 12 suicide bomb-
ings there, Saudi officials have
worked closely with the United
States to damp down on Islamic rad-
icals.
Muslim convert Stephen
Schwartz, author of The Two Faces
of Islam," a book that warns of the
spread of Wahhabism, said the Sau-
dis established and continue to fi-
nance hundreds of mosques and cen-
ters in this country, as well as some
of the nation's leading Muslim activ-
ist organizations. They also control
the training and appointment of
many imams, he said.
'The Wahhabi presend» in the
United States is a foreboding one
that has potentially harmful and far-
reaching consequences for our na-
tion's mosmies. srfinols nrisnns an/1
 f*~*^'
Lppeals Court >
Rebuffs US. in
Moussaoui Case miisses U.S. Bi
By JEKKY MARKON
Washington Post Staff Writer
A federal appeals court yesterday dismissed the*
government's appeal of a ruling that would allow
alleged Sept. 11 conspirator Zacarias Moussaoui
to interview a senior al Qaeda operative, setting
up a possible confrontation between the executive
and judicial branches. ••'v
The opinion by the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the 4th
Circuit did not address the
overriding constitutional is-
sue of whether Moussaoui's
right to interview witnesses
who could help his defense
outweighs the government's
national security concerns.
Rather, the decision was
based on jurisdictional
grounds, with the members Moussaou! faces
of a three-judge panel saying the death penalty if,
they were "compelled to con- he is convicted. "-
clude that we are without au-
V»UUV, (.J.AU1, T*\ C U V VYltliUUl> ttU"
thorny" to rule because the government was pjer
mature in making its appeal.
Still, the decision will have a major effect ontte.
prosecution of Moussaoui, the only person
charged
^uu* &v.u in the
me United
oiiii,cu States
omi.cs in connection ^tto
WUU
the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks, and cases against^
ture terrorism suspects. Experts and sourish
close to the case said the Richmond-based appeals
court essentially gave the government twp *vj£
tions: defy the order of a federal judge and suffQ-
See HpUSSAOUI.XljO. Col. 4
victed.
Government officials reiterated
yesterday that they will never
turn over Binalshibh. "I guess you
go back to the judge and say,
'Okay, judge, we aren't comply-
ing. What are you going to do?'"
one government official said. The
judge would then punish prosecu-
tors for defying her order. Ex-
perts and those close to the case
said those sanctions could include
making Moussaoui ineligible for
the death penalty or dismissing
the charges altogether.
Some government officials cau-
tioned that they have not made a
final decision about what to do
next and said that call would be
• #'• ' •'" •' • ' •
THE WASHINGTON Eosx
rial Interview
appeal June 3. *»
The case has become a major
test of the constitutional rightl ofc
defendants to question witne^i^
on their behalf versus the govqJV
ment's right to make key nation**!
security decisions. The court*ae-J
knowledged the high stakes itfe'
the first sentence of yesterdjy%
15-page opinion, authored by wt«*
kins, saying that "this appeal is-
one of extraordinary impor-
tance."
Yet the judges said they had to
leave the constitutional issues?to-
resolved because they lacked^%«
risdiction to even hear the'ap-*
Peal- •*'„-•«
Brinkema's decision would, MS,
come "final"—and therefore SUD-*
ject to appeal—only if "the jjjev?
ras captured in eminent refused to comply ajjtf*
, .- ng held at an the district court orders a s^Tc-^
an. U.S. officials tion," the judges said. "Despite
would not make indications that it will refuse 4o<
eposition. provide the enemy comba&ti
witness under any circumstanc-
ior levels, es," the judges said,, the govern?,
icutors in Alex- ment has not formally told Brin-;
to comment on kema that.
rt decision. Jus- The judges said they would(qjx-
\ ':'/J_E-*V._-'
it spokeswoman pedite any further appeal. ^,
_Ki' »ck said that the Moussaoui's court-appointed
'pleased that the lawyers had argued that the coij^tf
L ognized" the ex- lacked jurisdiction, and t
ortance of the ap- them, Edward B. MacMah
peal biiVthat "the court has not and Frank W. Dunham Jr., s
yet ruled on the merits of the is- statement that they
"pleased that the court
sue—access to an alien seized
abroad as an enemy combatant in our'argument."
"There is nothing for
the midst of a war."
She said government lawyers fense to do at this point,"
ham said in an interview,
are studying the procedural is-
sues raised by the court. "We look ball is clearly in the j
court."
forward to bringing Zacarias
Moussaoui to justice," she said. Mark Hulkower, a former^
eral prosecutor in Alex
The 4th Circuit initially sent
the case back to Brinkema to see who has handled national;
ty matters, said the decision'
whether the prosecution and de-
fense could work out a compro- ply delays the inevitable, whi
mise. After that effort failed, the a return to the 4th Circuit.
4th Circuit gave them a road jy
three judges—William W. Wil-
kins Jr., Karen Williams and Rog- as to how to get back, and I d§
see any reason why they wptu"
er Gregory—heard oral argu-
ments on the government's follow it Given what the j
eminent has said about the'
consequences for national securir
ty, they can't reverse field $$&
turn over the witness. They h'ave
to advise Brinkema of that, niai,
they will defy any such orden^he
will then have '' ' -'•
 ndicted
In Alleged S DC MO VA
HOMELAND!

Network
and SUSAN SCHMIDT
Washington Post Staff Writers

' Federal prosecutors yesterday an-

nounced ~ indictments against 11
members of what they called a "Vir-
,-ginia jihad network" who are
charged with training to work with
terrorists to fight for Muslim causes
in foreign nations.
*;•*_* The 42-count indictment, re-
turned by a grand jury Wednesday
and unsealed yesterday in U.S. Dis-
. trict Court in Alexandria, charges
that the men trained with and fought
" for Lashkar-i-Taiba, a group that is
trying to drive India from Kashmir
. and has been named a terrorist orga-
nization by the U.S. government
t Federal agents arrested six of the
. men yesterday in raids in the Wash- BY RICH LJPSKI—THE WASHINGTON POST
• ington suburbs and in Pennsylvania. n Capitol Hill, American citizens allegedly met, platted and recruited for
,lfro were in custody as part of the fluttyr shown xMtouncnts the nnHctn0irts MBI oojHrty AHCC Ffsltof.
investigation that began in 2000,
and three are living in Saudi Arabia.
The men—including nine U.SJ titi-
Z^HS—face weapons counts and
charges of violating the Neutrality
^i Terrorism Charges
i

Acjt, which
/M;L, wiuui bars
ucuw> Americans
**». or
_ U.S. Ing an interview Thursday. He Specifically, the men are accused
residents from attacking countries pissed the discovery of pistols of practicing small-unit military tac-
«f!tVi uitiirh
with which the United States is at tics on private property in Spot-
;peace. ft |p members as insignificant
"Right now in this community, 10 twh, gosh, they have weapons," games, weapons and equipment to
mues from Capitol Hfll,
iruui X^OIHIUI **ui, American
»„.. Royer, a former spokesman for simulate actual combat "in prep-
citizens allegedly met, plotted and [Organizations as the Council on aration for violent jihad," the in-
recruited for violent jihad," said Paul dean-Islamic Relations and the dictment says.
J." McNutty, the U.S. attorney in Al- im American Society. "I reaDy Nubani dismissed the allegations
exandria. "These indictments are a It the idea that a Muslim with a involving paintbau, an increasingly
stark reminder that terrorists of var- fhe's a threat A Jew with & popular game in which people shoot
ious allegiances are active in the [•he's not a threat*—~~~ each other with quarter-size balls
United States." orneys' and spokesmen for filled with colored liquid. The men
. There is no evidence that the men 'of the others arrested yester- were involved in innocent "sport ac-
lid the men are being targeted tivity,'' such as "horseback riding
'See INDICT,AW, Col. 1 Be they are Muslims. Three of and outdoor activities including
arrested had planned a news paintbaU," Nubani said. He said
ence yesterday to complain of some of the men did go to Kashmir, a.
The Post on the Internet: arassment. Attorney Ashraf Himalayan region claimed by India
1 washingtonpost.com i and fathers of two of the men and Pakistan.
ed instead to insist that the One of Nubani's clients, Ahmed
id done nothing wrong. Abu-Ali, was taken into custody by
{Lyon, the father of Hammad Saudi Arabian authorities on suspi-
Raheem, who was arrested cion that he is connected to the
ay, angrily told reporters that May 12 bombings in Riyadh, His
had served in the Persian family's home in Falls Church was
IT and "is a loyal citizen to recently searched by the FBI as part
atry, the same as I am." of the local investigation, Nubani
indictment says the men said. U.S. officials have made in-
it private and military fire- formal requests to the Saudi govern-
ties in Northern Virginia to ment for access to Abu-Ali but have
for missions in Kashmir, received no response.
_j, the Philippines and other The men also are accused of gath-
places. Three of the men—Abdur- ering at the Dar el Arkum mosque
the investigation. "A lot of this is Raheem, Donald Thomas Surratt on South Washington Street in Falls
about preemption." and SeintUah Chapman—are ac- Church "to hear lectures on the
One of those charged, Randall cused of instructing the men in com- righteousness of violent jihad in
Todd Royer, arrested yesterday at bat tactics baaed on (heir own expe- Kashmir, Chechnya and other places
his home in fells Church, charac- riences in the U.S.
indictment says.
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Date: Wed, 2 Jul 2003 13:50:01 -0400
From: "" <skaplan@9-11commission.gov>4|
To: "" <team1 @9-commission.gov>#,"" <team2@9-11commission.gov>4P,"" <frontoffice@9-11commission.gov>
9,"" <afelzenberg@9-11commission.gov>4P'
Subject: From today's WSJ: How Police Turned Bali Blast Into Win In War on Terroristm

Counterstrike: How Police Turned Bali Blast Into Win In War on Terrorism
Indonesian-Australian Team Went High- and Low-Tech To Largely Hobble Network
Laughing Man's Phone List

By Leslie Lopez and John McBeth

2,306 words
2 July 2003
The Wall Street Journal
Al
English
(Copyright (c) 2003, Dow Jones & Company, Inc.)

DENPASAR, Indonesia -- One of Indonesia's top detectives was deeply troubled

last November as he scaled the staircase to Bali's biggest Hindu temple to
implore the gods.

Three weeks earlier, Muslim militants had detonated two bombs on the resort
island's nightclub strip, reducing an entire city block to smoking rubble and
killing 202 people, 80 of them Australian tourists. It was the biggest
terrorist strike since the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks on the U.S., and the police
were feeling the heat.

The detective tasked to lead a joint Indonesian and Australian investigation

into the blast, I Made Pastika, was making little progress. While his
lieutenants sifted through debris from the bombing site, Mr. Pastika, a soft-
spoken 52-year-old Hindu who grew up in Bali, went to pray for a
breakthrough. "I had a feeling we were missing something," he says.

After an hour of meditation, Mr. Pastika received an urgent call from a

colleague: His team had identified the serial number of the engine in the truck
used to carry a one-ton bomb. "I don't know how we missed it before," he says.

Two days later, he arrested his first suspect, an Indonesian man named Amrozi.
The big break led to more than just the uncovering of the Bali bomb plot. It
also helped police largely hobble Southeast Asia's most deadly terrorist group.
And it propelled Indonesia, the world's most populous Muslim nation, from what
the U.S. saw as the region's weakest link in the war on terror to a valued
ally.

This transformation over a matter of weeks came about partly because

Indonesia's political leaders set aside their traditionally strong sense of
nationalism to allow ordinary policemen to go about their work. And those

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' Mail:: INBOX: Kashmiri Arrests Here Raise Spectre of New Terror Front Page 1 of 4

60.97MB /476.84MB (12.79%)

Date: Thu, 10 Jul 2003 14:01:45 -0400
From: Lisa Sullivan <lsullivan@9-11commission.gov>#
To: "" <team6@9-11commission.gov>4f,"" <team1 @9-11commission.gov><£
Subject: Kashmiri Arrests Here Raise Spectre of New Terror Front

SH 2 unnamed text/html 17.95 KB B

CQ HOMELAND SECURITY - INTELLIGENCE

July 9, 2003 - 6:48 p.m.

Kashmiri Arrests Here Raise Spectre of New Terror Front

By Anjali Cordeiro, Special to CQ Homeland Security

The indictment of eleven men in Virginia last week on charges of supporting a Pakistan-based group fighting to push
India out of Kashmir raises the prospect of a new terrorist threat in the United States.

According to the indictment, the eleven men allegedly supported a radical Islamic group called the
"Army of the Pure" — Lashkar-e-Taiba in the local language — which was labeled as a terrorist
organization by the State Department in October 2001.

In another incident, last month, a Kashmiri-born truck driver from Ohio pleaded guilty to providing material
support and resources to al Qaeda. lyman Paris allegedly was involved in an al Qaeda plot to sabotage the Brooklyn Bridge.

Until now, however, no Kashmir militants were suspected of operating in tandem with Osama bin Laden's al Qaeda
organization inside the United States.

The former head of counterterrorism for India's foreign intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis
Wing, or RAW, said in an e-mail interview that the LT, as the group is commonly referred to, and
groups like it, have had a clandestine presence in the United States since the 1990s.

"They have been focusing on cultivating members of the Pakistani immigrant community and Afro-
Asian Muslims," said B. Raman (who, like many Indians, uses only one name).

India and Pakistan have been struggling over control of Kashmir since the two countries were separated in 1947.

Money Hunt

Harry B. "Skip" Brandon, a former deputy assistant director of the FBI for counterintelligence, says
that Kashmiri militants here traditionally concentrated on raising funds for the fight back home.

"There is no question that there have been very active supporters of the Kashmir freedom movement in the
United States," Brandon said in an interview Wednesday.

"Since the eighties, there have been people who have raised funds for the freedom of Kashmir. Their
activities at that time were not in direct violation of U.S. laws. There was periodic close coordination [between the FBI and]
authorities in India, but there was nothing that could be legally done."

After the Sept. 11 attacks, when many of the groups operating in Kashmir were designated as terrorist groups
by the State Department, raising money or providing other material support for them became illegal.

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Mail:: INBOX: Re: Kashmiri Arrests Here Raise Spectre of New Terror Front Page 1 of 1

60.97MB / 476.84MB (12.79%)

Date: Thu, 10 Jul 2003 15:50:22 -0400
From: "" <tdowling@9-11cornrnission.gov>4P'
To: Lisa Sullivan <lsullivan@9-11commission.gov>4P
Cc: "" <team6@9-11commission.gov>4f,"" <team1 @9-11commission.gov>4P
Subject: Re: Kashmiri Arrests Here Raise Spectre of New Terror Front
Lashkar-e-Taiba is an especially aggressive and vicious group. It has
participated in numerous, often sizeable attacks on Indian forces in Kashmir.
I believe that it also is involved in some of the anti-Christian attacks in
Pakistan as well as attacks on Pakistani Shia. The Pakistani safehouse where
Abu Zubaydah was captured reportedly belonged to Lashkar. Ties to Al Qaeda
would be no surprise.

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Mail:: INBOX: A bit more on Lashkar-e-Taiba Page 1 of 1

60.97MB / 476.84MB (12.79%)

Date: Thu, 10 Jul 2003 16:05:58 -0400
From: "" <tdowling@9-11commission.gov>4f
To: Lisa Sullivan <lsullivan@9-11commission.gov>#
Cc: "" <team6@9-11commission.gov>^,"" <team1 @9-11commission.gov>4P
Subject: A bit more on Lashkar-e-Taiba

Lashkar is the latest name for a group that has gone through several labels.
Among the delightful actions it committed under its previous name, Harikat al
Ansar, was the kidnapping and ultimate beheading of Western hikers captured in
Kashmir. Also confirmed that some of its personnel trained with al Qaeda in
Afghanistan. Of all the Kashmiri Islamist groups, Lashkar is the most violent
(no easy title to win in that crowd)

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Mail:: INBOX: Fwd: How Al Qaeda lit the Bali fuse: Part one CSM 6-17-03 Page 1 of 5

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Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2003 10:33:01-0400
From: MATT LEVITT <MATTL@washingtoninstitute.org>^P
To: "" <team1 @9-11commission.gov>^P
Subject: Fwd: How Al Qaeda lit the Bali fuse: Part one CSM 6-17-03
Part(s): |^ 2 unnamed message/rfc822 12.41 KB |f|

see attached

Matthew A. Levitt
Senior Fellow in Terrorism Studies
The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
1828 L Street, NW Suite 1050
Washington, DC 20036
Tel. 202-452-0650
Fax 202-223-5364
mattl@washingtoninstitute.org
www.washingtoninstitute.org

(f) 2.1 unnamed text/plain 12.08 KB 3

from the June 17, 2003 edition -

http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/0617/p01s04-woap.html

How Al Qaeda lit the Bali fuse: Part one

Nightclub bombings grew out of a network forged by marriage, training,
and aid
By Dan Murphy | Special to The Christian Science Monitor

CIJAMBU, INDONESIA - Mira Agustina was surprised to get the call at the
Islamic boarding school where she had been cloistered since she turned
18. "Come home,'' her father said."There's someone who wants to marry
you. "

Ms. Agustina slipped on the black, tentlike dress her father, Haris
Fadillah, had taught her to wear in public; packed a small bag; and left
on the 12-hour bus ride to Cijambu, West Java. Arriving early the next
morning, she was introduced to Mohammed Assegof, a young man with Arab
features. Ms. Agustina, then 21, married him that day.

Mr. Fadillah never explained why he was uniting his daughter to this
stranger. But "my father must have trusted my husband completely,''
Agustina said in an April interview, as she played with her toddler in
the sparsely furnished family home here. "Otherwise, he wouldn't have
allowed him to marry me."

US and Indonesian investigators agree. Her marriage in July 1999, they

say, helped cement an alliance between Indonesian militants and Al Qaeda
that culminated in the October 2002 Bali bombings that killed 202
people, most of them foreign tourists dancing at a nightclub.

The trials of two of the men implicated in those bombings got under way
last month in Bali. A third - of Mukhlas, the man alleged to be the
operations chief of the terror group Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) - began
Monday.

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Mail:: Press Clips: Fwd: HEADLINE: How Al Qaeda lit the Bali fuse: Part two Page 1 of 5

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Date: Wed, 18 Jun 2003 10:06:20 -0400
From: MATT LEVITT <MATTL@washingtoninstitute.org>4|
To: "" <team1 @9-11commission.gov>#
Subject: Fwd: HEADLINE: How Al Qaeda lit the Bali fuse: Part two
Part(s): |^ 2 unnamed message/rfc822 12.26 KB gjj

this is part II of the piece I sent yesterday

Matthew A. Levitt
Senior Fellow in Terrorism Studies
The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
1828 L Street, NW Suite 1050
Washington, DC 20036
Tel. 202-452-0650
Fax 202-223-5364
mattl@washingtoninstitute.org
www.washingtoninstitute.org

(Q 2.1 unnamed text/plain 11.93 KB @

Copyright 2003 The Christian Science Publishing Society

Christian Science Monitor (Boston, MA)

June 18, 2003, Wednesday

SECTION: WORLD; Pg. 10

LENGTH: 1911 words

HEADLINE: How Al Qaeda lit the Bali fuse: Part two

BYLINE: By Dan Murphy Special to the Christian Science Monitor

DATELINE: MAKASSAR, INDONESIA

HIGHLIGHT:
Religious-teaching sessions that included films of Christian-Muslim
conflict in Indonesia energized young men to join in jihad.

BODY:
The images from the hand-held camera jiggle as they zero in on a column
of irregulars shouldering homemade rifles and dressed in T-shirts and
sandals. They're marching off to wage jihad against Christians,
according to the caption on the screen.

As they file past the low terra-cotta roofs and whitewashed walls of
Siri Sori village and into the surrounding banana and coconut groves,
the camera focuses on a smiling man in a black T-shirt. As he turns and
waves, a new caption identifies him as "the martyr Abu Dzar" - killed in
action against Christians on Oct. 23, 2000.

Abu Dzar was the nom de guerre of Haris Fadillah, leader of the Laskar
Mujahidin, a militia group that cranked up the violence in the
Muslim-Christian war that erupted in Indonesia's Maluku provinces in
1999 and inspired a generation of Indonesian militants.

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Mail:: INBOX: Fwd: HEADLINE: How Al Qaeda lit the Bali fuse: Part three Page 1 of 7

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Date: Thu, 19 Jun 2003 12:20:53 -0400
From: MATT LEVITT <MATTL@washingtoninstitute.org>4l
To: "" <team1 @9-11commission.gov>4f
Subject: Fwd: HEADLINE: How Al Qaeda lit the Bali fuse: Part three
Part(s): [^ 2 unnamed message/rfc822 14.69 KB @

part three of this series

Matthew A. Levitt
Senior Fellow in Terrorism Studies
The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
1828 L Street, NW Suite 1050
Washington, DC 20036
Tel. 202-452-0650
Fax 202-223-5364
mattl@washingtoninstitute.org
www.washingtoninstitute.org

(H 2.1 unnamed text/plain 14.36 KB @

Copyright 2003 The Christian Science Publishing Society

Christian Science Monitor (Boston, MA)

June 19, 2003, Thursday

SECTION: WORLD; Pg. 01

LENGTH: 2323 words

HEADLINE: How Al Qaeda lit the Bali fuse: Part three

BYLINE: By Dan Murphy Special to The Christian Science Monitor

DATELINE: JAKARTA, INDONESIA

HIGHLIGHT:
A bomber tries to realize his vision of a global Muslim uprising

BODY:
Imam Samudra may well be the most hate-filled and defiant of the men on
trial for last year's terror attack in Bali.

On June 2, as he entered court to face charges that he was the field

commander for the bombing that claimed 202 lives at two nightclubs, Mr.
Samudra pumped his fist into the air and exhorted his lawyers to join
him in chanting "God is great."

He has told journalists he was gladdened by the deaths, informed

interrogators that God will reward the attackers, and described a decade
of plotting that led to the most devastating terrorist act since
September 11.

He has also confessed without remorse to participating in six fatal

bombings.

Samudra is a "true believer" - a member of that tiny minority in any

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Mail:: INBOX: "Democrats Express Concerns About Sept. 11 Report Declassification D... Page 1 of 2

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Date: Fri, 13 Jun 2003 17:45:48 -0400
From: Lisa Sullivan <lsullivan@ 9-11 commission.gov>4P
To: "" <staff@9-11commission.gov>4P
Subject: "Democrats Express Concerns About Sept. 11 Report Declassification Delays"

<H 2 unnamed text/html 7.91 KB U

CQ TODAY - INTELLIGENCE
June 9, 2003 - 8:24 p.m.

Democrats Express Concerns About Sept. 11 Report

Declassification Delays
By Helen Fessenden, CQ Staff

Democrats are starting to worry that the long-awaited release of the declassified findings of last year's
joint congressional inquiry into the Sept. 11 attacks will be further delayed.

Eleanor Hill, the inquiry panel's staff director, said Monday that the declassified sections of the report
probably would be released in late June, not mid-June as some lawmakers had anticipated.

Florida Democrat Bob Graham, who chaired the Senate Intelligence Committee last year while the
probe was under way, expressed concern on Monday that the report's release was months overdue.

"Both Hill and I know that there are significant parts of the report that remain classified, and we both
think it's excessive in terms of legitimate national security concerns," said Graham.

Cover-Up Allegations

In May, Graham, a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination, charged that the White
House and CIA had engaged in a "cover-up" to block the Sept. 11 report.

In December, the intelligence committees finished its 10-month joint inquiry into the intelligence
failures preceding the terrorist attacks. The 850-page summary of its findings was then handed over to
Bush administration intelligence officials for vetting.

Since then, many current and former members of the House and Senate Intelligence committees, which
jointly conducted the probe, have said that the CIA has dragged its feet on releasing the report.

In mid-May, the top Democrat on the House Intelligence Committee, Jane Harman of California, also
criticized the pace of declassification but said she expected the report's non-sensitive sections would be
published by mid-June.

Hill expressed optimism Monday that the declassification negotiations were nearing completion. She
said that the CIA sent its final comments to her staff on May 29, however, she added that both parties
continue to dispute what can be released.

"The good news is that we're making progress, but we're not quite there yet," Hill said. "I'm seeing
more light at the end of the tunnel. Still, this isn't a process where we can predict when it will be over."

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Mail:: INBOX: FYI - From CQ online Page 1 of 1

33.16MB / 476.84MB (6.95%)

Date: Fri, 13 Jun 2003 17:47:37 -0400
From: Lisa Sullivan <lsullivan@9-11commission.gov>^
To: "" <team1 @9-11commission.gov>4F
Subject: FYI - From CQ online

U 2 unnamed text/html 4.33 KB g

Latest News

'Hundreds' in United States Believed Tied to al Qaeda, United Nations Told

Federal investigators have discovered a widespread militant Islamic presence in the United States and believe
several hundred of the extremists have links to al Qaeda, the government said in a report to the United
Nations Security Council. "We judge the greatest threat to be an al Qaeda cell in the United States that has
not yet been detected or identified," the report said. "Identifying and neutralizing these sleeper cells remains
our most serious intelligence and law enforcement challenge."The report, submitted in April to a Security
Council committee established in 1999 to monitor sanctions against the Taliban regime and Osama bin
Laden, was released publicly June 9. The United States also warned that al Qaeda remains capable of causing
"significant casualties in the United States" with little or no warning. "We judge that there is a high
probability that al Qaeda will attempt an attack using a [chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear] weapon
within the next two years," the report said. — Chris Logan

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Mail:: INBOX: FYI: Interview with Brill - author of "After" Page 1 of 3

31.92MB / 476.84MB (6.69%)

Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2003 09:15:33 -0400
From: Lisa Sullivan <lsullivan@ 9-11 commission.gov>4f
To: "" <staff@9-11commission.gov>^
Subject: FYI: Interview with Brill - author of "After"

H 2 unnamed text/html 18.09 KB g

CQ HOMELAND SECURITY
June 11, 2003 - 8:29 p.m.

The CQ/HLS Interview: 10 Questions for 'After' Author Steven Brill

By David Clarke, CQ Staff Writer

In "After: How America Confronted the September 12 Era," journalist Steven Brill paints a portrait of
a country whose citizens, politicians, bureaucrats and interest groups, in the months following the Sept.
11 terrorist attacks, struggled to make America safe from terrorism while closely guarding their own
best interests.

The picture is not always pretty.

But Brill ultimately concludes that these colliding forces created a response that — for the most part —
works and proves the resiliency of what he calls the "American system."

A lawyer and founder of The American Lawyer magazine, Court TV and Brill's Content, Brill, 52, tells
the tale of post-Sept. 11 America through the experiences of people immediately affected by the
attacks, among them Eileen Simon, the widow of an energy trader at Cantor Fitzgerald; Robert
Lindemann, a border inspector in Detroit; Charles E. Schumer, the New York Democratic senator; and
John Ashcroft, the U.S. attorney general.

The book, published in April, covers the year following the attacks. It includes an epilogue written in
January 2003.

On Tuesday afternoon, Brill got on the phone in his office in Manhattan's Rockefeller Center and talked to CQ
Homeland Security about his book and about America 21 months after Sept. 11.

CQ: How did you go about choosing the people whose experiences you used to tell your story?

Brill: I wanted to make sure I had a representative of all the issues I wanted to cover. This sounds kind of cynical, but I
viewed these people as vehicles for discussing issues. Some of them are obvious, like Ashcroft and Ridge, but a Customs
inspector, Kevin McCabe, who's an inspector at the port in Elizabeth, N.J., and is a major character in the book, I chose him
because I wanted to make sure the book was not simply a Washington policy book but covered the ground from Washington
to the actual places where policy changes were actually carried out and see if they worked. What I was going for was a
combination of Bob Woodward and Jonathan Harr [who wrote "A Civil Action"].

CQ: One of the most interesting people you follow is Kenneth Feinberg, special master of the Victim Compensation Fund.
You portray him as being very capable of handling the legal and technical aspects of setting up and administering the fund
but lacking sensitivity when it comes to dealing with the families, which led to some hard feelings. What do you think the
legacy of his work will be?

Brill: I think it's going to be a success. In fact, I know it's going to be a success because I know what the numbers are. I
think you'll see an avalanche of the remaining applications between now and the deadline [Dec. 22, 2003]. But in Feinberg I

http://kinesis.swishmail.com/webmail/imp/message.php?actionID=148&mailbox=INBOX&b... 6/12/03
 MO VA NATIONAL f

sizes Bush's Security

imminently.'' down -anyone. Every day, 500 to frus
U.S. borders, homeland 1,000 pieces of threat information Wh
is suffering from "policy crossed his desk. The typical mix in- CUSi

BVJAHICHKW8(OIU_THE»
Nothing gets done,"
Rand Beers, a counterterrorisnt advh
NfflST
"Fixing an agency man-
the focus on (raojus hurt domestic • problem doesn't make
or produce voter support,
're looking at things from a
Former Ai perspective, if s easier to go
Immigration and Naturaliza-
Takes Ai vService, he said, needs further
Kanization. The Homeland Secu-
jDepartment is underfunded.
cluded suspicious surveillance at a min
U.S. embassy, surveillance of a nu- clos
clear power plant or a bridge; a per- ' is at
son caught by airport security with a wha
weapon, or an airplane flying too prov
close to the CIA; a tanker truck,
which might contain a bomb, cross-
ing the border and heading for a city,
kind
osity
If s i
an intercepted phone call between
suspected terrorists. Most of the
topsecret reports—pumped into his
In
work

War on Ti ; has been little, if any, Mow-

gh on cybersecurity, port secu-
ifrastructure protection and im-
office from the White House Situa-
tion Room—didn't pan out Often
they came from a disgruntled em-
stomi
donh
dange
By LAUBA BLUMENFELD tion management. Authorities ployee or a spouse. cided
Washington Post Staff Writer know where the sleeper cells When the chemical agent rich house
_ e said. Vulnerable segments of surfaced in the London subway, "we counti
Five days before teganinlraq,as
onomy, such as the chemical in- were worried it might manifest at the
President Bush * rale the terror- '• "«y out for protection." here," he said. The challenge was: openec
ism threat level l. T*. tnn ™V' •» are asking our firemen, po- "Who do we alert? How do you tell notN(
House ISE
n, Customs and Coast Guard them to organize?" bottle.
the steel his ar more with far less thaibwe Every time the government raises Youcai
vault an alarm, it costs time and money. Shot
binati^tlockandan i, the CIA has done a good job "There's less filtering now because theKei
turned to his inbox. eting the al Qaeda leadership. people don't want to make the mis- conside
"Things were j>mestically,
said Rand Beerlr-^ is one of talk, the antiterrorism take of not warning," he said. Before demick
calling the stack ol reports afeui ical policy. Whatnotelseaction: "a Sept 11,2001, the office met three felt so 5
plots to shoot, r, burn and poison Ametv We don't care about 3,000 can you times a week to discuss intelligence. my life"
icans. He the color-coded thf^a^t j dying in New York City and Now, twice a day, at 7ajn. and
for five he called his wifet Put ngton?" 3 p.m., it holds "threat matrix meet-
ings," tracking the threats on CIA
Beers's resignation surprised Washing! :n asked about Beers, Sean spreadsheets.
ton, but what he did next was even more; ai- mack, an NSC spokesman, It was Beers's task to evaluate the
tounding. Eight weeksafter leaving the Busji M the time he submitted his warnings and to act on them. It's a
White House, he volunteered as national se-' ition, he said he had decided monstrous responsibility,'' said Wil-
curity adviser for Sen. John F. Kerry (Mass.), re government We thanked liam Wechsler, director for transna-
a Democratic candidate for president in a tional threats on Clinton's NSC staff.
campaign to oust his former boss. All of ervice. "You sit around every day, thinking
which points to a question: What does this Lment .,further.• j • -j iU about how people want to kill thou-
sands of Americans."
intelligence insider know? *ever it was viewed made the
"The administration wasn't matching ita ' ' onlookers saw it as a Steven Simon, director for coun-
deeds to its words in the war on terrorism. event "I can't think terterrorism in the Clinton White
They're making us less secure, not more J®f hi the last 30 House, said, "When we read a piece
a person who has done of intelligence, we'd apply the old
See BEERS, A6, Col. 1 *»:'""* jhing so extreme," said Paul C. how-straight-does-your-hair-stand-
,••_,'• . a scholar with the Brookings up-on-your-head test"
' ' Causes ol terror, ne said. ' 1 Tlnstifution. "He's not just declaring The government's first counterter-
cult, long-term issues both at home that he's a Democrat. He's declaring rorism czar, Richard Clarke, who left
'and abroad have been avoided, ne- that he's a Kerry Democrat and the his White House job in February after
;gfected or shortchanged and gener- way he wants to make a difference in more than 10 years, said officials
ally underfunded." the world is to get his former boss judged the human intelligence based
The focus on Iraq has robbed do- out of office." on two factors: Would the source
mestic security of manpower, brain- Although Beers has worked in have access to the information? How'
pdwer and money, he said. The Iraq three Republican administrations, reliable was his previous reporting?
war created fissures in the United he is a registered Democrat He They scored access to information,
States' counter-terrorism alliances, wanted to leave the NSC quietly, so 12345; previous reporting, abed. "A
_ he said, and could breed a new gen- when he resigned, he said it was for score of D5, you don't beHeve. AI—
i of alQaeda recruits. Many of "personal reasons." His friends you do," Clarke said. "It's like a jolt of
\t colleagues, he said, called, worried: "Are you sick?" espresso, and 'you feel like—
Iraq was an "ill-conceived When Beers joined the White whoop—it pumps you up, and wakes
executed strategy." House counterterrorism team last you up."
[continue to be puzzled by it" August the unit had suffered several It's easier to raise the threat lev-,
(Beers, who did not oppose the abrupt departures. People had el—from code yeflow to code orange,
jhbut thought it should have been warned him the job was impossible, for example—tiian to lower it Beers
but Beers was upbeat On Reagan's said: "It's easier to see the increase ins
f Officials say that Jemaah Islamiyah is allied to bin Laden's Al Qaeda network and that its aim is to
declare a pan-Islamic state across southeast Asia.

Mukhlas was among four key suspects in last year's Bali bombings to testify Wednesday at
Bashir's trial.

Bashir, 64, is not accused of the Bali bombings. He is on trial for allegedly plotting to overthrow
Indonesia's government and is accused of ordering a series of church bombings in 2000 that
killed 19 people.

If convicted, he could face the death penalty.

Bashir flatly denied involvement with Jemaah Islamiyah. His supporters in court repeatedly
interrupted proceedings with cries of "Allah is great!"

7) Morocco Indicts 6 More Suspects in Casablanca Blasts; Investigators are concerned

about the setbacks dealt by the death of a key detainee.

By Sebastian Rotella
Los Angeles Times

Moroccan authorities announced the indictments of six more suspects Thursday in this month's
suicide bombings in Casablanca, a case that has taken an unexpected twist with the death in
custody of a chief suspect.

Authorities provided new details about the dead man, who allegedly organized the synchronized
attacks that killed 43 people on May 16. The suspect, a 30-year-old who owned a small shoe
store in the city of Fez, had been ill with chronic heart problems and a severely enlarged liver
caused by medication, officials said.

An autopsy established that he died of natural causes Wednesday after being arrested two days
earlier in Fez, according to Moroccan and Spanish officials. His condition worsened during an
interrogation and he died en route to the hospital, authorities said.

"He was gravely ill when he was arrested," Shakib Larousi, a Moroccan government spokesman,
said in a telephone interview. "The prosecutors found no indications that he had been physically
abused."

Moroccan officials reiterated their suspicions Thursday that international terrorists played a
supervisory role in the attacks, which were carried out by Moroccan extremists. European
investigators said the investigation has reinforced their view that the Al Qaeda terrorist network
inspired and directed the bombers, who were working-class men in their late teens and early 20s.

Nonetheless, the alleged organizer's death contributes to unanswered questions about a case in
which Moroccan police are being assisted by investigators from Spain, France, Italy, the United
States and other countries. Spanish, French and Italian citizens were among those killed, but
most of the victims were Moroccan.

Saying they wanted to keep the investigation confidential, Moroccan officials declined to disclose
the full name of the alleged ringleader Thursday. They identified him only by his first name,
Abdelhak, and his nickname, Moul Sebbat, which means "shoe seller."

European investigators expressed concern Thursday about complications arising from the death
of Abdelhak, who as a suspected leader would have been key to uncovering the Moroccan
Mail:: INBOX: Press Clips for June 3, 2003 Page 3 of 21

also received a report that a firearm was used ... I hope this commission
investigates and credibly determines whether the public was deceived."

3) In Moroccan Slum, Zealotry Took Root; Bombers Linked to Al Qaeda Worked Under Radar of
Authorities

By Peter Finn
Washington Post

CASABLANCA, Morocco -- By 4:30 p.m. on May 16, five hours before they were scheduled to die in
synchronized bombings, the 14 men had assembled in a cinderblock shack with a corrugated tin roof held down
by rocks. Most of the volunteers, between the ages of 21 and 32, already knew each other, having grown up
together in the surrounding garbage-strewn slum of lean-tos linked by dirt alleyways.

At first they prayed, Moroccan government investigators said, exercising the fierce faith that most had only
recently found. And then Mohamed Omari, 24, a parking lot attendant, laid out the plan in slow detail. Five
teams, Omari said, would disperse to five targets in the city and detonate explosives carried in backpacks at
exactly 9:30 p.m. Each man was handed a new Casio watch to ensure simultaneous blasts.

The men who gathered in the slum known as Carriere Thomas that afternoon knew that this was to be the day
of their deaths. But none, until then, had known the dimensions of the attack, according to senior Moroccan
officials who have interrogated two survivors from the group, including Omari, as well as other accomplices.

As dusk fell, they prayed again. Then, between 8 and 8:30 p.m., the teams left one by one to make the trip
downtown in the little red taxis found almost everywhere in this port city. They headed for a lively Spanish
restaurant, a Jewish-owned Italian restaurant, a Jewish social club and the Jewish cemetery. Omari's group,
destined for the Farah Hotel, was the last to leave.

The targets, Moroccan officials said, were either connected to Jews or were so-called places of "debauchery."

Then the bombs went off, one after the other. The attackers killed 32 people at the five locations. Eleven
bombers also died. Three of the conspirators, including Omari, apparently changed their minds at the last
minute.

The Casablanca attacks, Moroccan officials said, were the work of Osama bin Laden's al Qaeda network,
months in the making and ordered by Abu Musab Zarqawi, a Jordanian who obtained between $50,000 and
$70,000 from the organization's leadership to finance the strikes.

Zarqawi is the head of al Tawhid, a group that intelligence analysts previously thought was only allied with al
Qaeda, but which increasingly appears to them to be indistinguishable from bin Laden's organization. U.S.
intelligence officials say that Zarqawi was taking refuge in Iraq before the recent war there, but is now probably
in Iran.

"Zarqawi gave the order to make attacks and found the finances," said a senior Moroccan official. "He is the one
who set up the whole thing."
'^ - -^ j
The nearly simultaneous detonation of the bombs immediately pointed to al Qaeda, for which coordinated
strikes are a signature tactic. And the bombmaking recipe, except for a simple detonation device that the men
used, was one that followed al Qaeda manuals found in Afghanistan after the fall of the Taliban, according to ?
Moroccan officials. Investigators here believe a bombmaker was sent to Morocco by al Qaeda to instruct the
recruits.

The Casablanca plot illustrated al Qaeda's lethal adaptability in the face of intense security measures directed
against it around the world.

http://kinesis.swishmail.com/webmail/imp/message.php?index=280 6/5/03
NATIONAL COMMISSION ON TERRORIST ATTACKS UPON THE UNITED STATES

Press Clips for June 2, 2003

__

""HEADLINES***

1) Integrity, Intelligence And Iraq (WP)

2) Hearing to Affect Government's Ability to Try Terror Suspects in Civilian Courts (NYT)
3) A Resilient Al Qaeda Regroups and Plots; U.S. fears the network may use untraceable
operatives for attacks on such targets as subways (LAT)
4) A new strain of al Qaeda (WT)
5) Audit Finds Big Problems in Handling of 9/11 Detentions (NYT)
6) 9/11 Lawsuits for the Justice Department? The release of a report critical of the DOJ's post-
Sept. 11 roundup of terror suspects could mean legal action against some officials (TIME)
7) Justice Dept. Report Faults Post-9/11 Detention Practice (WP)
8) Post 9/11 Anti-Terror Sweep Criticized (LAT)
9) Hard to Kill (Newsweek)
10) Trial Opens of the Accused Bali Bombing Mastermind (NYT)
11) Sensors May Track Terror's Fallout Region Gets First Fallout Sensors (WP)
12) Judge Raises Question in Moussaoui Case (AP)
13) Witness Said Ready to Testify on Al Qaeda Suspect (AP)
14) Toll Rises in Saudi Attacks; Ninth American dies of injuries from Riyadh bombings; FBI
director points to Al Qaeda (AP)

***FULL-TEXT***

1) Integrity, Intelligence And Iraq

By Jeffrey H. Smith
Washington Post

George Tenet probably has the toughest job in America. The intelligence community and the CIA
in particular are being sharply questioned about the gap between what was predicted in Iraq and
what has been found. Critics of the war are screaming that the CIA did not anticipate the chaos,
looting and political instability in Iraq. A group of retired intelligence analysts have written the
president charging that systemic "warping" of intelligence "misled" Congress into voting for the
war. On Friday, both Tenet and Secretary of State Colin Powell responded by making unusual
public statements in defense of the intelligence community and their own actions.

Although the intelligence community got much right that enabled an extraordinary military victory,
it appears to have gotten much wrong about Saddam Hussein's weapons of mass destruction
and his link with al Qaeda.

Time will tell whether the CIA was right about these matters. But in the meantime a more serious
charge has emerged, namely that the CIA's analysis leading up to the war was altered under
pressure by the administration to overstate the threat Hussein presented. As a result, the
credibility of the intelligence community - and the United States -- is at risk.

Therefore hard questions must be asked. At least three investigations are asking those questions,
including the president's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, an internal review ordered by Tenet
and a further internal review requested by congressional oversight committees. Among the
questions that should be asked:

* What did we know before the war and how does it compare with what we found?
 *W-.':-->• The inside story of how
U.S. terrorist hunters are
: going after al Qaeda
BY DAVID E. KAPLAN
*V4 f*^?t*J*?°

"s^*--^^''-', '
°*-<"-!-*g *- tj
^ "After 9/11, the gloves come off."
\ -COFER BLACK,former director, CIA Cmmterterrorism Center

And the brass knuckles came on.

INVESTIGATIVE
America's frontline agents in the

n
REPORT
war on terror have hacked into for-
eign banks, used secret prisons overseas, and spent over
$20 million bankrolling friendly Muslim intelligence serv-
ices. They have assassinated al Qaeda leaders, spirited pris-
oners to nations with brutal human-rights records, and
amassed files equal to a thousand encyclopedias.
But the war is far from over. Last week, Osama bin
Laden's top deputy exhorted the faithful to strike at west-
ern embassies and businesses. The injunction, from
Ayman al-Zawahiri, came on the heels of bombings in
Morocco and Saudi Arabia and caused the United States
to close diplomatic posts overseas and increase the
homeland security warning level from yellow to orange.
Al Qaeda, one FBI veteran explained, "has one more 9/11
in them."
With all the headlines about the latest attacks and
warnings, however, it is easy to miss the amount of dam-
age America's terrorist hunters have inflicted on bin
Laden's ragtag army. US. News has retraced the war on
terror, starting in the very first weeks after 9/11, to ex-
amine in detail how Washington and its allies launched
an unprecedented drive, led by the Central Intelligence
Agency, to disrupt and destroy bin Laden's operation.
Interviews were conducted with over three dozen past
and current counterterrorism officials in a half-dozen
GURU. Bin Laden's followers, like these in Gaza, rally to the leader.

KENTKUCH-MMNUM U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT, JUNE 2, 2003 19

 ill r*

A14 oYT |THE N|W YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, MAY 29, 2003

THREATS AND RESPONSES; Arrests, Hearings and Deteftons

INVESTIGATION

Saudis Arrest 8 in Deadly Riyadh apmbing

By NEIL MacFARQUHAR t cache within sight of one of the Prino lyef would neither con-
SltYADH, Saudi Arabia, May 28 — ttpounds attacked. , firm nor1 Mr. Ghamdi's role,
A series of police raids around the he prince said those arrested to- saying a report would be ise-
day included three radical clerics leased w rer the investigation
holy city of Medina on Tuesday and
today led to the capture ol eight known for their support of militant was concli
suspected militants wanted in con- causes: All al-Khudair, Ahmed bin Mr. Gh; ,'s name and picture
nection with the bombing attacks on Humud al-Khaldi and Nasser bin Ha- were inclu long those of the 19
residential compounds in the Saudi mad al-Fahd. men sough connection with the
The thre«£ signed a fatwa, or reli- arms each r. Gharhdi dropped
»Tlte Saudi | interior minister, gious ruling, immediately after the out of collegi Ipinlhe mujahedeen,
Prince Nayef , told a news conference attacks saying 'it was the religious or. holy wa making several
if! the northeri,city of Tabuk that 11 duty of Saudis to shelter the perpe- trips to Afgh; , the Saudi news-
people had bop arrested, including trators from Jljte law, as they were paper Al Wat irted.
the foreign-bom wives of three of the engaged in hfflfp war.. A letter ciro on the Internet
men. ff Saudi and Jlmerican officials say that is attribute m exhorts the
Despite the arrests, the American Al Qaeda remained the prime sus- faitbtul to join war against
ambassador to Saudi Arabia, Robert pect. ;,' the West beca struggle had
W. Jordan, satd today that the United Prince Naj^f did not provide de- not reached its ut an elder of H , Reuters

States still believed that chances tails of the arrests, but Saudi press his family, 13 members Abu Bakar Bafihir, an Islamic cleric on trial for treason in Indonesia,
were high of another attack. reports said at least three people have been accusi .taking part in waved to his supporters yesterday as he was escorted to court in Jakarta.
Prince Nayef, in remarks broad- suspected of being Qaeda members terrorist attacks, to,the Ara-
cast on television, said the men ar- had been arrested in an Internet cafe bic daily AlHayai le letter had
been written by di. BALI BOMBINGS
rested were linked to the bombings in Medina, including Ali Abd al-Rah- Saudi law enfi officers
on May 12 that killed 34 people in- man al-Faqasi al-Ghamdi, who the
cluding 9 suicide bombers. The reports speculated had been the
prince said the bodies of six of the main planner of the attacks.
have taken scores
tody sinlfc the,flttai Defendants in Indonesia Trial
into cus-
it the latest
ar to h •been the first
bombers had been identified, and Mr. Ghamdi was at the cafe with
mat four of them were among the 19 two other men, the papers said. The
members of a cell that was disrupted computers they had been working on
believed
plot Pr:
had been
be directly
Cite Ties to Osama bin Laden
Nayef said
sted so far
tj
o
On May 6 with the discovery of a huge were seized. who had been linked .the attacks, By JANE PERLEZ trying to set up an Islamic state that bi
including those today, Others ar- would incorporate Indonesia, Malay- to
JAKARTA, Indonesia, May 28 — S!
rested were involved, An Islamic cleric and four of his sia and the Philippines. He is ac-
Saudi offici E
HUMAN RIGHTS subordinates appeared in court here cused of approving the bombing of
W«J» sites at t the mill-
today in an unusual glimpse at the churches across Indonesia on Christ-
tants' grapevine Arabia inner workings of the Southeast mas Eve 2000 and of having ap-
Amnesty Calls World Less Safe have reported tie clerics Asian militant group Jemaah Isla- proved of a failed effort to attack the
were killed in a shooioii iwith law miyah and of its links to Al Qaeda. American Embassy in Singapore.
enforcement offl4ers, Pr Nayef The cleric, Abu Bakar Bashir, 64, He has not been charged in the
; By SARAH LYAt,L White House spokestnan, denied that said no one h senior who is on trial for treason, sat impas- Bali case, however. Last weekend,
LONDON, May 28 - The world United States was violating the de- Saudi official I that the the chief investigator in the Bali
has become more dangerous, and tainees' rights. three had fled war sively in the heavily guarded court- case, Made Mangku Pastika, told re-
governments more repressive, since "I dismiss that as without merit," erupted. * room as, one by one, four of the porters that he hoped today's pro-
the effort to fight terrorism began he said, according to the Associated A day earlier, th foreign suspects in the Bali bombing that ceedings would establish a link be-
after the Sept. 11,2001, attacks on the Press. "The prisoners in Guantana- minister, prince ex- killed pore than 20$ people last year tween Mr. Bashir and the Bali case.
united States, the human rights mo are being treated humanely. pressed concern were described their relationship to him But while the four suspects said
and* to top leaders of Al Qaeda. ^ knew Mr. Bashir, they all denied

im, Triumphant Kurds, and the G.I.'s
atry Division, Staff Sgt. William Carter, right, and an Iraqi police officer, left, at a Baghq|id cbedcffeiint yesterday.
; T
tin a Larger Force in Iraq as StrifefPersists
with policing a huge swath of territo-
ry from Tikrit to Kirkuk to the Irani-
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, MAV,29, 2003
BIOLOGICAL WARFARE
U.S., in Assessment, Terms
Trailers Germ Laboratories
By WILLIAM J. BROAD
The Bush administration yester-
day made public its assessment of
two mysterious trailers found in
Iraq, calling them mobile units to
produce deadly germs and the
strongest evidence yet that Saddam
Hussein had been hiding a program
to prepare for biological warfare.
"We're highly confident" of that
judgment, an American intelligence
official told reporters. !> The official
said the administration's strong con-
viction was based mainly on the sim-
ilarity between the testimony of
Iraqi sources and the evidence found
on the ground.
The Central Intelligence Agency
posted the six-page assessment,
"Iraqi Mobile Biological Warfare
Agent Production Plants," on its
Web site, www.cia.gov. The analysis
was done in collaboration with the
Defense Intelligence Agency.
The report and briefing, given by
four intelligence officials, revealed
new details beyond what government
officials had previously disclosed
about the two mobile factories found
by allied forces in April and May.
For instance, the officials said
they judged that each trailer could
brew enough germs to produce, with
B/The New York Times
further processing, one or two kilo-
grams of dried agent each month.
While seemingly a small amount
— a kilogram is 2.2 pounds — that
weight in dangerous germs could
cause major havoc if cast to the wind
or into a subway. By comparison, the
anthrax-tainted letters that killed 5
people and put 30,000 Americans on
preventive antibiotics in 2001 each
than two divisions by September, a contained about a gram of dried an-
force of 70,000 or substantially
*~
less,
', ( to.ji
thrax spores. So the mobile factories,
nYT A13.
Their inefficiency, he added, was'
probably rooted in a decision to de-
sign the plants with enough technical
ambiguity so they could be dis-
claimed as germ factories if discov-
ered. Iraqi scientist!, have said? the
units were used to produce hydrogetf
for weather balloons. 'But the intelU-1
gence officials dismissed that expla-
nation as a cover story even while^
conceding thJSt the equipment could,!
in fact, have been used occasionally'
to make hydrogen. '
With unusual frankness, the report*
listed four Iraqi sources it said had
given the West its insights into the1
alleged mobile germ factories; a
chemical engineer who managed a*
plant; a civil engineer who reported'
on a plant at an ammunition depot in
Iraq; a third source who told of an
animal feed cover story; and a de-'
fector from the Iraq Intelligence'
Service who told how Baghdad was
making mobile plants. ;'
While the trailers had many simi-
larities to the prewar descriptions/
the officials and the report said, the
units also bore notable differences.
For Instance, the original plants
were said to be mounted on flatbed
trailers with reinforced floors. But
the discovered plants were on heavy
transporters intended for tanks, "ob-
viating the need for reinforced
A report includes
caveats and notes a
lack of hard proof.
The Atlantic I April 2003 I The Leadership Secrets of Osama bin Laden I Hoffman Page 1 of 4

'Atlantic

The Atlantic Monthly | April 2003

THE AGENDA
SECURITY

The Leadership Secrets of Osama bin Laden

The terrorist as CEO

BY BRUCE HOFFMAN

l Qaeda is clearly weaker than it was at the formal commencement of the war on terrorism, on
A October 7, 2001. It has been deprived of operational bases and training camps in Afghanistan.
Its command-and-control capabilities have been disrupted. Its headquarters have been
destroyed. Its leaders and fighters have been forcibly dispersed, and they are now consumed as
much by providing for their own security as by planning and executing attacks. Communication and
coordination among the disparate parts of al Qaeda's global network are more inconvenient—if not
necessarily less effective—than ever before. These setbacks have forced al Qaeda to alter its targeting
patterns. Displaced and harried, its operatives must now rely on local groups to carry out their plans
and, as a result, have focused on "softer," more accessible targets, in places as diverse as Tunisia,
Pakistan, Jordan, Indonesia, Kuwait, the Philippines, Yemen, and Kenya. These have included
German, Australian, and Israeli tourists; French engineers and a French oil tanker; and such long-
standing targets as U.S. diplomats and servicemen.

But not everything has changed, of course; al Qaeda remains a powerful threat. The organization has
continued to use suicide bombing, both at sea and on land, and commercial aviation remains a
focus—as was made clear in December of 2001, when the shoe bomber Richard Reid attempted to
blow up an American Airlines plane en route from Paris to Miami, and then eleven months later,
when a group in Kenya with links to al Qaeda tried to shoot down an Israeli charter flight using a
hand-held surface-to-air missile.

Al Qaeda has, in fact, proved to be remarkably nimble and adaptive—and the group's strength
derives precisely from its flexibility. The loss of Afghanistan may thus, in the long run, have little
effect on al Qaeda's ability to harm us. Some of al Qaeda's biggest plots—among them Ramzi
Yousef s 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center, and his subsequent failed plot to bomb twelve
U.S. commercial aircraft over the Pacific—predate the group's strong presence in Afghanistan, which
for al Qaeda was important mainly as a base from which to prosecute a conventional civil war against
the late Ahmad Shah Massoud's Northern Alliance. This conflict required arms dumps, training
camps, staging areas, and networks of forward and rear headquarters—but none of these specific
facilities are necessary to an ongoing international terrorism campaign.

Al Qaeda's core leadership is still alive and at large—perhaps only a third of its leaders are now dead
or captured. Moreover, the two most important figures in al Qaeda, Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-
 THBNEW YORK TIMES, SATURDAY, APRIL 5, 2003
oking for Roots
"War mayTlfced be a continuation ofjpli-
^ ;r meanwijut as cataclysms, i
Uprises accumu
st coml<$fitfcljp rtidersa
other wars. Wars make most sense "when
resemble wars already known.
generals always fight the last war,
rs object to the last war and debates
which last war is being resurrected.
Right now the' main contenders are
aam — with its heritage of mistrust,
and murky, futile death — and World
with its%fritage of virtue, necjgggrand high
IWOism. These models offerjplfiigry incom-
images of tiMi^lffllld States, of its
awed. Neither Asian rice
the Normandy beaches are *juite
^ Iraqi sands^Bie Vietnam analogy^
leaves out the bj»MRdW war context for that
Jailure And the Second
fearscmie Na^cbrio^i^^on the evel
' -"Aerica's entry into the war are hardly com-
parable ta.the successes of Saddam Hussein.
Bat step back from both Iraq and these
familiar models, as Paul Herman does in "Ter-
rar and Liberalism," and another model comes
fato focus. Mr. Berman, who considers himself
• social democrat and is a supporter of what
whence called the ami-Communist left, pro-,
|M»s that the war oa terror resembles the long
Kith-century wars against totalitarianism, lite
on terror, like the wars against Commu-
Fascism, is being undertaken in de-
se ot liberalism and against movements that
disdain it.
But Mr. Herman's most important argu-
ment — and one that helps make this compact,
sed book one of the most challenging ac-
i of the post-9/11 world — is that the war Baath Par^ ^tu^ied German Romanticism,
-talifai
-^ggmrty-rtfr-"- ""
iaflHi^Wliira«flf^»tinuation of
war «"
lintellectual and political roots of Islamic of national cultures." . One of the most influen-
, he suggests, lie in the West.
In ^fais, Mr. Berman goes a bit too far,
perhapsJ^oUons of martyrdom, jihad and the
defense (and expansion) of the territory of,, many other Islamic radicals, rebelled /gainst
Mam are pres*»l|^roughout Islamic religious
cultures. But Mr. Berman stffijsfcows hpw that
fertile religious soil nurtured European
growths.
He traces the literary cults of "murder and
•B&ide" and "acts of Satanic transgression" in
Hth-century European Romanticismi
ism. After Wortd War l%me~ deat
•topianism: Lenin's Bolsheviks, Stalinists and
Spanish, Italian and German Fascists; later
wJere came Maoists, the Khmer Rouge and
sundry other ensembles. A totalitarian pattern
developed: a lost past or a Utopian future is
•QHght, internal enemies are hunted (in many Wrman calls the tatti^l attacks on Am«l||M
CMes, Jews), an absolutist body ef law is
SHELF t.LIFE
't*
Edward Rothstein
University of Northern Colorado Archives
The Egyptian author Sayyid Qutb, a spirit-
ual father of radical Islamicism.
established and external enemies are fiercely
attacked.
Similar patterns developed in the Middle
East The founder of Saddam Hussein's fascist
includii%,^n ifferman notes, "the philosophers
of national destiny, of race and of the integrity
tial Islamist philosophers, Sayyid Qutb (pro-
nounced KUH-tahb), who was executed by;
ser in 1966, studied in the West and then
modernity and secularism (his brotlw r taught
Osama bin Laden). The Ayatollah Khomeini,
who lived in Paris before the 19?S Iranian
revolution, combined phrases of f anon and
Sartre,with his totalitarian Islamicism,
_Tjiese;AF8b and Islamic movements •have
"Sad ni^0tnarish resutts, "fully a^wrible," in
Mr. German's words, "as the''
Stalinism of Europe." In the j^an-Iraq
the 1980's,. more than a mfflion- people
killed, gassed and tortured^ln the Sudan, up to"
two asUUon people were' killed. Qbtiog the
and W's came *'* ' "fleabites,* |p Mr.
embassies, military «- taUations and civiliim
YT A17
id Terror
tate% "in its bovine stupidity"
s beginnings d^war. Terrorist
iassacres rkw ring the borders of
lie Islamic world, from the Kashmir to the
Philippines.
By putting the war on terror in this totali-
tarian context, Mr. Berman shows that while
the differences between many of these move-
ments are profound, so are the similarities. The
totalharian model makes it clear, too, that
much of tfie recent discussion about the root
<; causes of terror is as distorted as the argu-
'• j. moults of those waff once argued that the root
causes of German Fascist or^oviet Communist
terror were in the aggressive behavior of the
emocracies or even the subversive presence
tarfaiHSni has taken on
has often too-readily succumbed, seeking to
treat even its enemies as reasonable when they
^ were not. French socialists so tried to avoid,
with Hitler that a majority eveatu»ay
l^llfclflgiy government. Fellow trav-
elers made trMN^d T|^inore difficult. Aad
now, Mr. Berman arguliSljfeJgnd of "wishnd
thinking" has been evident inlw%|j^ in which
the left has made excuses for Palestjhiag ter-
ror, treating it as "the measure of Isrsaefi
guilt."
The war now being faced, Mr. Berraaa
argues, will take yeari^n many fronts using
many styles^ €tofrontation and education —
just like the cold war. What is needed, he
proposes, is a "war of ideas" like the one that
eventually toppled Communism, and one that
will bei«ccompanied by reform of Arab socie-
ties. He l%jfi|£ts the war in Iraq but he believes
that after a S^MW beginning, President Bush
has failed to roWSttfee best case one could tar
- the larger war
But old political lines are also breaking
down and new ones are forming. Many of Mr.
Barman's arguments about the totalitarianism
of Islamicist movements and the threat to
liberal democracy have been made across tht
political spectrum. And while Mr. Berman
urges greater internationalism and a "new
radicalism" it is unclear how sympathetic
many segments of the left would be with Mr.
^ _Berman's analysis. Liberalism and thr teft
now be even more split over the nature af
on terror than they once wer^over the
Communism. At times, in fact, it
seems fe-politics is about to become a
continuation orwar by other means.
NY

In le_

ALQAEDA

Firof, Operative Offered

Judge an Apology and a Blessing
By BENJAMIN WEISER By contrast, Mr. al Nalfi wrote
A former Al Qaeda operative who that it was "fitting" for him to plead
recently pleaded guilty in New York guilty "for actions that were ulti-
to a conspiracy charge has written to mately directed against a country
a judge renouncing his actions that I admired, and a people whose
against the United States and saying help to my country was for all to see
he has been treated fairly in the during the famine that befell Sudan
American court system. during the Reagan presidency."
The former operative, Mohamed Mr. al Nalfi said he went to Af-
Suleiman al Nalfi, of Sudan, apolo- ghanistan in 1988 to fight the Rus-
gized in his letter for "the wrongs I sians. "I fought with U.S. made
have done," and said he has never weapons, thankful for the Ameri-
felt animosity toward the United cans' stand with us," he wrote.
In Afghanistan, he wrote, "early
States. "May God keep and bless the
American justice system and the members of the Al Qaeda group re-
cruited me, and what resulted of that
courts," Mr. al Nalfi wrote to Judge was what I plead to."
Kevin Thomas Duffy of Federal Dis- "Although I did those things," he
trict Court in Manhattan. added, "I nevertheless have learned
Mr. al Nalfi was taken to the Unit- as I grew in age that I 'have done
ed States in 2000 and charged in the wrong, and since I came to that
broad terrorism conspiracy that conviction, I stopped working with Al
prosecutors say was led by Osama Qaeda."
bin Laden and included the 1998 em- When he pleaded guilty, Mr. al
tepar bombings in East Africa. In Nalfi, then 40, admitted in court that
'* jSnuaryTMr. al Nalfi pleaded guilty he had created a jihad group in Su-
to a lesser charge of conspiring to dan in 1989 at the request of Al Qaeda
destroy national defense materials that was going to be used to recruit
and wassentenced in February to 10 Sudanese citizens. He also said he
yearsfffi prison, the maximum term. helped establish a route to smuggle
At the sentencing, Judge Duffy weapons from Sudan to Egypt, and
said he had received a "truly very that he attended a 1992 meeting
interesting" letter from Mr. al Nalfi, where Al Qaeda officials discussed
but ordered it sealed. The judge re- how to forcibly remove American
leased the letter recently at the re- and United Nations forces from So-
quest of The New York Times. malia and Saudi Arabia
Given past cases involving terror- In his letter, he said that he had not
ism, the two-page letter is unusual in seen his actions as directed against
its contrition. When Ramzi Ahmed the United States, but now he recog-
Yousef, wh» ted the 1993 bombing of nized that they were "criminal in
the World Trade Center, was sen- nature and against the law. These
tenced in 1998, he declared that he actions could not simply be erased
was a terrorist and "proud of it." just by the passing of time."
Cleric Rejects Charges
As Jakarta Trial Starts
1 ':- '•, '
Bombing and Assassination Plots Alleged
or ELLEN NAKASHIMA
Washington Post Foreign Service

[JAKARTA, Indonesia, April 23—

: trial of a Muslim cleric accused
[ trying to overthrow the govern-
began today, with about 200
shouting "AHahu Akbar!"
"A^nerika /IfcrJ^fsf as he e%
"the courtroom.
(Abubakar Baasyir, 64, an Sffifc
with an ivory beard and
iicriHod of If yhiy to ovui Uii m tiH?
supporters but betrayed little goverranent of Indonesia.
as the prosecution read a
him at the Asia Fbundation. "From the
i attempting to replace the Indo- regime's perspective, for the re-
i government with an Islamic gime's credibility, if s important Ait
e. It alleges that he approved a he go to trial There are i
3 of church bombings on Christ- al interests at stake here."
sEve 2000 that killed 19 people, a Bush said the government is try-
I pbt to bomb U.S. interests in ing to "play off both skies" in me
and a plan—later trial They're hoping to have cot
assassinate Megawati (rfete proof that they are taking «*>•
rnoputri, now the president, in tion against this alleged tenwtlft
31, when she was vice president andi on the other hand, they arettit
[The process of reading the in- ing atoned-downstance to appwM
which took 68 minutes, extremists," she said.
in motion the highest-profile As an exampfc of the latter, At
HI d that Baasyir was not cb»fil
! involvement in the BaB! '
i after bombing attacks in BaH ings, which killed 202 people, i
[ October. Baasyir's case is widely Australian t
t as a test for Megawati, who is thatpolicel
a resolve to combat terror-them wfth evidence Unking him
i with a need to show she is not rectry to the attack.
Islam in the most-oop- Muhammad Ismail. Yusanto,
3 MusKm nation in the world spokesman for the formerly
» government all Hizbut lahrir organLatios,
rfethe leader of Jemaah Islamiah, ed that Baasyir wbuki be
| <|ganization that the United Na-
> and the United States have la- tries. A conviction would "«
la terrorist group, and that po- the MusKm community, he sakUJDt
; of conducting the attacks would not lead to violence.
The opening of the trial coinddW
f organization exists and said to- with an announcement
•Itnat he was innocent of the headquarters that 18 Islamk
which carry a mayingim itants had been arrested. Afl are (
;of life in prison, peeked members of
do not accept the charges.
! are lies from America," said Police said Nasir Abbas, a)
; who wore a white tunic over sian reputed to be the leader of i
sarong, a white prayer cap maah Tsl^finfah cell that
i orange scarf. northern Indonesia and the _
f we were not sure of the evi- ern Phflippines, was arrested
e, we would not bring this case Jakarta, hi central Java, police tr-
' said the chief prosecutor, rested Abo Rusdan, who has be*B
iMadani. serving as Jemaah Islamiah's tedf^-
fc year ago, authorities refrained rary leader.
arresting Baasyir, fearing it Of the 16 others arrested, three
1 fuel a backlash among Mus- are suspected in the Bah* bombing,
i, who make up more than 80 per- polke said, bringing to 32 the nw-
t of Indonesia's 220 nriffion peo- ber of suspects being held in connec-
tion with the blasts.
, as spiritual leader of Je-
maah Islamiah, is "a very symbolic Special correspondents NoorHuda
figure," said Robin Bush, director of Ismail and Natasha Tampubolon
the blam and ti\Tl°sotiety program contributed to this report.
TERROR
Saudis Withdraw Berlin Diplomat After Germans Cite Possible Militant Link
By DESMOND BUTLER
BERLIN, April 24 — Saudi Arabia
withdrew a diplomat from its embas-
sy here last month after German
Officials raised questions with the
>audi government about contacts he
fray have had with a group of Islam-
\s currently under investi-
fation for terrorism, German and
^udi officials said.
[German police are examining
(hether>Mohamed J. Fakihi, the di-
ector of the Islamic Affairs Depart-
jient for the Saudi Embassy in Ber-
nlhad ties to six men they detained
fcstt month, the officials said. Ger-
uari authorities described those ar-
ests as pre-emptive, after they re-
:eive4 information that the men
night Nbe planning attacks to co-
ncide with the opening of the Iraq
- suspects.
I Grman prosecutors have charged
that the six men belonged to an or-
ganization working to recruit Arab
students in Germany for terrorist
activities.
i Prosecutors stressed that Mr. Fa-
kihi is not under investigation, and in
fuiy case he would enjoy diplomatic
immunity. But the incident is likely
io heighten concents expressed by
American officials that elements
ivithin the Saudi government have
supported the aims of terrorist
groups, including Al Qaeda, and may
lave helped funnel money to them.
A spokesman for the Saudi Em-
assy here, who declined to be
£med, said that Mr. Fakihi had re-
irned to Saudi Arabia after Germa-
' demanded that he leave. Mr. Fa-
hi could not be reached through the
ibassy.
German police officers guarding the entrance to al-Nur mosque last
month after the arrests of suspected terrorists who frequented it
German investigators made in-
quiries about Mr. Fakihi after they
discovered his business card, in the
fall of 2001, during a search of the
Hamburg apartment of Mounir el-
Motassadeq, a Moroccan student
Associated Press
who was a close friend of Mohamed
Atta, the leader of the hijackers in
the Sept. 11 attacks. Mr. Motassadeq
was convicted in a German court in
February on charges of involvement
in the Sept. 11 plot.
An incident likely to
raise suspicions of
Saudi government
ties to terrorists.
. 'After months of silence, Saudi offi-
cials dented that Mr. Fakihi had ever
met Mr. Motassadeq.
But a German official familiar
with the case said that the authori-
ties turned their attention once again
to Mr. Fakihi after investigators saw
him visiting al-Nur mosque, in a
working dass district of Berlin,
which was frequented by some of the
men, Ihsan Garnoaui, a
attested after police
apartment a faked Por-
>rt similar to others
tediterrorists, a list of
ised for explosives, a
>logy and a Glock pistol.
:ey Inspected that Mr.
mt |ime in Chechnya
camps in Afghanistan.
i)aui it regularly to af-
ue, wh: •foas searched by
the ti of the arrests;
lauthor: said they were
the iances of the
bsqueMhich have been inves-
fating Space 2' tor possible ties to
| Qaedaiw
building the mosque
changed owner in 2000, in a pur-
i valued a million. The Ger-
official s; that much of the
financing of that purchase was pro-
. vided by Al Haramain Foundation, a
Saudi-based charity whose activities
have come under suspicion by inves-
tigators blfeforfeThe charity's direc-
tor, Aqeel Abdut"%Azeel al-Aqeel, is
listed as part owner ol the mosque in
Berlin city records.
In March 2002, the Saudi and
American governments shut down
Haramain's branches in Bosnia and
Somalia, which they suspected of
tunneling money to extremists under
cover of supporting Islamic schools
and orphanages. At the time, United
States officials cited the closures as
evidence of improved cooperation
with Saudi Arabia on fighting terror-
ism. But newspapers in Saudi Arabia
later reported that the group contin-
ued to operate in Bosnia. \r al-Far
arrested in Indonesia last June and
believed to have been an important
Qaeda representative in Southeast
Asia, told the Central Intelligence
Agency last September that his net-
work received money funneled by
Haramain, according to a transcript
of his interrogation.
Haramain and Mr. Aqeel are
among a number of organizations
and individuals, including members
of the Saudi royal family, accused of
providing financial support to Al Qa-
eda by plaintiffs in a $1 trillion class-
action civil suit brought by families
of Sept. 11 victims.
A spokesman foe the American
Embassy in Berlin declined to com-
ment on Mr. Fakihi's departure or
the German investigation.
ARSENALS

Study Urges More Action to Cut

Risks From Weapons Stockpiles
By JUDITH MILLER $20 billion a "floor" rattier than a
The United States, Russia and Eu- ceiling. It also recommends that na-
rope should do far more to reduce the tions "may wish to waive debt pay-
urgent and "grave proliferation ments" in exchange for additional
risks" from their remaining stock- spending by Russia on such projects.
piles of nuclear, biological and chem- The study highlights progress
ical weapons, concludes a new report made with a $7 billion investment in
endorsed by a consortium of influen- these efforts by the United States,
tial private research centers. much of it under Cooperative Threat
Specifically, the report concludes, Reduction programs started by
the United States and its European legislation in the early 1990's spon-
allies must begin treating Russia as sored by Senator Richard G. Lugar
a partner in such efforts rather than of Indiana, now Foreign Relations
as a strategic charity case. Committee chairman, and Mr. Nunn.
For its part, the report says, Rus- In the past decade, the report
sia must become more open and re- notes, nuclear materials have been
removed from Ukraine, Kazakhstan
move obstacles to cooperation to pre-
and Belarus. The world's largest an-
vent the world's most lethal arms thrax production facility at Stepno-
and technology from spreading to gorsk, Kazakhstan, was dismantled.
rogue states and terrorist groups. The first prototype chemical
The four-volume report was con- weapons destruction plant in Russia.
ceived as one of the most compre- is ready to operate, and more than
hensive public assessments of a dec- 50,000 scientists who once worked in
ade of American and allied efforts to nuclear, biological and chemical
help Russia secure its strategic weapons facilities have received aid.
arms stockpiles and to agh^steps, the report as-
dangers posed by its cold war lega- serts th'afi'fKbf% ambitious j
cies of vast unconventional arms are needed. The study fe
stockpiles and personnel. stance, that .basic security upgrades
The three-year study, "Protecting had been cornpHitea at "facilities
Against the Spread of Nuclear, Bio- containing only 46 percent of the
logical, and Chemical Weapons," has approximately 603 metric tons of
been endorsed by a group of 15 re- Russia's weapons-usable nuclear
search organizations in the United materials" identified by the United
States, Europe, Russia and Japan. It States Department of Energy.
was financed by the Carnegie Corpo- "Virtually none" of Russia's pluto-
ration of New York and the Nuclear nium and "less than one-seventh" of
Threat Initiative, the Washington its highly enriched uranium has been
foundation started by Ted Turner rendered unusable for nuclear weap-
and Sam Nunn, a former Democratic ons, the report says. "The same is
senator from Georgia. ' •*••«. -true for the United States," it says.
The first volume was written by The report emphasizes the con-
Robert J. Einhorn and Michele A. tinuing threat posed by Russia's bio-
Flournoy, former senior Clinton ad- logical stockpiles, about 20 major
ministration arms control and de- former Soviet facilities .and at leas*'
fense specialists now at the Centef two dozen smaller institutions.
for Strategic and International Stud- "Thousands of weapons scientists
ies in Washington. It is to be released and workers are still unemployed or
today in London at a conference underemployed," the rejport says,
about efforts to secure and reduce and susceptible to lucrative offers of
stockpiles of weapons of mass de- work from countries that could have
struction. A copy was provided to secret germ weapons programs.
The New York Times in advance. Many Bush administration offi-
At a summit meeting in Canada cials say. Russia should not .Benefit
last June, the major industrial pow- from American assistance, given its
ers and Russia — the Group of 8 — reluctance to open facilities suspect-
agreed to spend $20 billion over the ed of illicit arms research. Officials
next 10 years to help Russia reduce have also protested Russian aid to
the threat posed by its stockpiles. Iran's nuclear program. But the re-
The report notes that given the port concludes that helptog Russia
danger that these materials might be secure and eliminate unconventional-
acquired by rogue states of terror- weapons stockpiles is too important
ists, these nations should consider to be held hostage to such concerns.
 TERROR NETWORK
Instruction and Methods From Al Qaeda
Took Root in North Iraq With Islamic Fighters
THE NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY, APRIL 27, 2003
ByC.J. CHIVERS
DARGA SHARKHAN, Iraq, April
22 — The two-inch-thick manual on
Jailing, discovered in an abandoned
bomb laboratory here early this
month, offers instruction in Al Qa-
gda's array of lethal demolition
gkills.
With a text in Arabic complement-
ed by diagrams taken from Ameri-
can military manuals, the document
offers lessons for rigging explosives,
setting and concealing booby traps,
and wiring an alarm clock to deto-
nate a bomb.
" The book is a photocopy of one
volume of the Jihad Encyclopedia,
the technical manual that American
officials have said is used by Al Qa-
eda in its war against the West. Oth-
er copies were found in terrorist
training camps and guest houses in
Afghanistan after the defeat of the
Taliban in 2001.
.-• This copy, though, was found not in
Afghanistan but in this valley in the
jCurdish enclave in northern Iraq. It
.was recovered by Kurdish security
officials accompanied by a reporter
4n a training center operated by An-
sar al-Islam, a local armed party.
• Weeks after Ansar was forced
|rom its territory by American Spe-
cial Forces soldiers and Kurdish
fighters at the end of March, evi-
dence gathered from its bases pro-
vides a detailed look at the opera-
tions of that band of Islamic fighters.
Documents gathered in 2001 by a
correspondent for The New York
titties 1,300 miles away in Kabul, the
Afghan capital, suggested that Al
Qaeda was then helping to unify the
Islamic groups that became Ansar
and was encouraging them to estab-
lish strict Islamic rules in villages
they controlled.
The documents spoke of the
froups in Iraq and said they should
be urged to unite. Kurdish officials
and Ansar defectors have said lead-
ers of the groups that formed Ansar
went to Afghanistan in 2000 and 2001
t^rith Qaeda officials.
- i^Ut-
later transferred tor safekeeping to
the bank's headquarters.
But that did not help Abdullah Mu-
hammad, 49, who went to the bank
today because he was running out of
cash. He said he had withdrawn two
million dinars, or about $1,300, before
the war. That is nearly gone. He, too,
argued with the guard.
"What am I supposed to do?" the
guard asked him. "I don't have any
instructions to open the bank and
give people money."
Mr. MiMmBf^'.wasangry. "Cha-
ds fc> eVHPJflWlereT'^fWrtBP'^Rffiire
are no jol>s. There is no money.
Prices have increased. Buses used to
cost 25 dinars. Now they are 100 The
minivans used to cost 100. Now it is
250. We don't have work. How are we
supposed to afford those things?"
Ibrahim Qreishi, 52, had a differ-
ent problem: he has too much mon-
ey, which is oddly common here. He
was carrying a plastic bag with one
million dinars in the new red 10JOOO
dinar notes, issued right before the
end of Mr. Hussein's rule. Few shop-
keepers will accept the notes, worth
about $6.70 each. Some say they do
not have change. Others say they are
counterfeit.
"People say, 'O.K., they are worth
only .7,000,'" Mr. Qreishi said.
"Why? I paid 10,000 for it. Why is it
now worth only 7,000?" There were
no answers at the bank.
"We're not going, to open the bank
until there is protection," said the
new manager, Fayek Hussein al-
Obeidi. "We are waiting for instruc-
**.»—« *-~*T^ithfi """"*•"* — —
 WEPNESDAX;,
' ' f
First Suspect Charged in Bali Bombings
Associated Press : •
t_ " _,J __a^^Jf.J
BALI, Indonesia, April 30
(Wednesday)—Indonesian
cutors today formally
first suspect in last year's terror
{bombings on the resort island of
Jjali that kilkd 202
y|preign tourists. -
}£f The suspect, Amrozi, who like
jpiany Indonesians has only one
name, allegedly belongs to Jemaah
Jsjamiah, the al Qaeda-linked re-
gional terror group blamed for the
jiear-simultaiieous bombing at
tia*.
PolcesayA
DM VA WORLD NEWS
two Bali nightclubs. plosives used in the attack and
One of 29 peQijtmetained in drove the van that blew up outside
t Oct. 12 attack, one of the clubs.
Sarges of violating The blasts were the bloodiest
anti-terrorism laws that could cany terror assault since the Sept. 11,
the death penalty, a spokesman for 2001, attacks in the United States.
the I , Jemaah Islflnnah also is thought
to fee responsible for a series of
icr details of Christmas Eve church bombings hi
the charges were immediately Indonesia in 2000, as well as a
available. foiled plot to blow up U.S., Austra-
Amrozi's arrest on British and Israeli diplomatic
bomb- leader, Abu-
ings. : claim he bought the ex- bakar Baasyir, is on trial in Jakarta,
THE WASHINGTON POST
charged with treason hi connection
with the church attacks. He has not
been charged in the Bali bombings.
. Dozens of alleged members of
the group have been arrested hi
Singapore and Malaysia. The
group's goal, according to regional
law enforcement officials, is to es-
tablish a pan-Islamic state in South-
Other suspects arrested hi con-.
nection with the Bali blasts are ex-
pected to go on trial later this year.
AH the trials are scheduled to take
place in Ball
 WEDNESDAY, APRIL 3o, 3008
High Court Upholds
immigrants5 Custody
jtycision RequiresJail Pending Deportation
jty CHARLES LANE
Wa&ington Post Staff Writer
-fl-\The Supreme Court yesterday upheld a
;/wwn-year-oM federal (aw that says im-
tfMgrants, including permanent residents,
Hflfho have committed certain crimes must be
- ^Btoined while the federal government de-
:jddes whether to deport them.
9fL Reversing a recent trend on the court to-
-#nni expanding immigrant rights, the ruling
'^Confirms Congress's power to limit the
-ligkts of even relatively well-estabHshed non-
citizens.
tu The decision puts the nation's estimated
A!) million permanent resident immigrants,
!«Tr"green card" holders, on notice that if they
<8pmmit certain "aggravated" offenses or of-
fenses of "moral turpitude," they will serve
their sentences—and then be locked up
again by immigration authorities if removal
proceedings against them are pending.
The number of people who falce that pros-
'f>ect is unknown, though the Justice Depart-
rnent says that in recent years it has detained
itaaee than 75,000 criminal immigrants—
(including not only permanent residents, but
•«teo illegal immigrants and others—under
-*fl 1996 law.
^ CM libertarians, immigrant rights
groups, the American Bar Association and
,-f reeiinent former immigration officials had.
ttftged the court to rule that the Constitution
Seouires giving criminals who are perma-
Asnt resident immigrants a hearing to deter-
minate whether they would jump bail or com-
mit another crime.
t tuflut by a 5 to 4 vote, the court ruled that
-Congress had ample reason to treat such im-
4Mpants as a group when it passed the 1996
,4w requiring immigration authorities to jail
Ihttn. There is enough evidence that many
jHOfkl escape or endanger the public, and
i most face relatively short detention, the
court noted in concluding that the law does
«ot violate immigrants' right to due process
rtflaw.
fi 'TTJhis court has firmly and repeatedly
indorsed the proposition that Congress may
<saake rules as to aliens that would be unac-
4epttble if applied to citizens," Chief Justice
•iVffiam H. Rehnquist wrote, backed by Jus-
<»ct»i Sandra Day O'Connor, Anthony M.
'Kennedy, Antonin Scalia and Clarence
cZthomas.
aUJustice David H. Souter dissented, read-
ing a summary of his opinion from the bench
as a gesture of particularly strong opposi-
tion.
Supreme Court Calendar
The Supreme Court will hear oral
arguments starting at 10 a.m. today in
the f(Mowing cases:
Virginia v. Hicks, No. 02-371. Can a
public housing authority ban
trespassing on the streets and
sidewalks inside housing projects?
(One hour)
Beneficial National Bank v. Anderson,
No. 02-306. Do state or federal courts
have jurisdiction over state law usury
claims against a national bank? (One
hour)
"The Court's holding that the Constitu-
tion permits the government to lock up a
lawful permanent resident of this country
when there is concededly no reason to do so
forgets over a century of precedent acknowl-
edging the rights of permanent residents, in-
cluding the bask liberty from physical con-
finement lying at the heart of due process,"
Souter wrote. He was joined by Justices
John Paul Stevens and Ruth Bader Gins-
burg. Justice Stephen G. Breyer also dis-
sented, but for different reasons.
Yesterday's decision reverses rulings by
federal appeals courts with jurisdiction over
four regions including such large immigrant
population centers as California, Pennsylva-
nia and New Jersey, so anyone who was" re-
leased on bafl in those states may face an im-
mediate return to detention.
For the court, too, the case represents
something of a shift back in favor of govern-
ment authority over immigrants.
In 2001, in the last major immigrant rights
cases decided before 19 Middle Eastern men
carried out the terror attacks of Sept 11, the
court ruled 5 to 4 that federal courts can re-
view constitutional claims by certain crimi-
nal immigrants challenging their deporta-
tions, and it ruled 5 to 4 that the government
could not detain deportable criminal im-
migrants indefinitely if their home countries
were unwilling or unable to take them back
Yesterday's ruling upheld a law that is "ex-
ceptionally harsh, given that they are lawful
permanent residents and have already
served their sentences," said Doris Meissner,
who served as commissioner of the Immigra-
tion and Naturalization Service under Presi-
dent Bill Clinton. Meissner signed a friendof
the court brief supporting Hyung Joon Kim,
BY HH1ERY SMITH GARRISON-ASSOCIATED PRESS
"Congress may make rates as to aliens...
unacceptable if applied to citizens," Chief
Justice William H. Rehnquist wrote.
the South Korea-bora California resident
who was fighting detention in the case.
But supporters of the decision said it rat
ified Congress's justified crackdown on
crime committed by immigrants who melt
back into society while the bureaucracy
deals with their cases.
"We've just locked up a lot of convicted
criminals who won't be on the streets com-
mitting more crimes," said Richard A. Samp,
chief counsel of the Washington Legal Foun-
dation, which filed a friend of the court brief
in support of the Justice Department's posi-
tion.
Kim came to the United States with his
parents in 1984 at age 6 and got a green card
two years later. He was convicted of first-.
degree burglary for stealing from a toolshed
in 1996 and "petty theft with priors" in 1997.
He served two years of a three-year sen-
tence for the latter offense, then was arrested
by immigration authorities.
After waiting three months for deporta-
tion efforts to get untracked, Kim petitioned
a federal district judge for release. The judge
ordered him freed. The Justice Department
appealed the legal issues to the San Francis-
cc-based U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th
Circuit—but in the meantime agreed to re-
lease Kim on $5,000 bond. The 9th Circuit,
too, sided with Kim.
Kim, now a junior majoring in business
administration at San Jose State University,
faces a return to detention but will continue
to fight deportation.
"Korea is more foreign to me than Amer-
ica," Kim, 25, said in an interview. 1 speak
Korean, but not to the point where I could
get a job. I would have a very tough time over
there,"
the case is Demore v. Kim, No. 01-1491.
Pakistan Arrests Yemeni Man Linked to Cole Attack Page 1 of 3

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By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
*»TSC1E TDOS^ STARBUCKS COM
Filed at 4:04 p.m. ET
TIMES NEWS TRACKER
KARACHI, Pakistan (AP) — Pakistani police have arrested
six men linked to al-Qaida, including a Yemeni man wanted
in connection with the Sept. 11 attacks and the bombing of
the USS Cole, an Interior Ministry official said Wednesday.

The country's interior minister said the arrests prevented "a major terrorist attack."

Waleed Mohammed Bin Attash, best known as Tawfiq bin Attash or Tawfiq Attash
Khallad, was arrested Tuesday during a pair of raids conducted in southern Karachi by
Pakistani authorities.

"This is a big catch. Attash is wanted in the USS Cole bombing," said Brig. Javed Iqbal
Cheema, the head of Pakistan's counterterrorism unit. "I think he is very important."

U.S. counterterrorism officials in Washington confirmed the capture of the suspect, also
known as Khallad, and described him as one of the most-wanted al-Qaida fugitives.
Khallad was active in plotting new attacks, the officials said on condition of anonymity.

White House spokesman Ari Fleischer said President Bush was grateful to Pakistan for a
"hopeful and significant capture."

"It's been another strong day of Pakistani cooperation in the war against terror, "he said.

A CIA officer once described Khallad as a "major-league killer."

U.S. intelligence officials said Khallad is suspected of meeting with two of the Sept. 11
hijackers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in January 2000. Those hijackers, Khalid al-Mihdhar
and Nawaf al-Hazmi, were on the plane that crashed into the Pentagon.

Khallad was in Afghanistan for much of the planning of the attacks and was believed to
have moved to Pakistan by late 2002, officials said.

http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/international/AP-Pakistan-Al-Qaida-Arrests.html 4/30/03
CNN.com - Al Qaeda-tied terrorist nabbed in Iraq - Apr. 30, 2003 Page 1 of 2

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From David Ensor
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CNN Washington Bureau
Law Wednesday, April 30, 2003 Posted: 2:13 AM EOT (0613 GMT)
Technology
Science & Space WASHINGTON (CNN) - Senior
Health Bush administration officials
Entertainment Tuesday said a member of an
Travel al Qaeda-affiliated terror group
Education operating in Iraq has been
Special Reports captured by U.S. forces.
Exp«ri«ncft the
world from a Sources said the individual is a
gtobai perspective member of a group operating in
western Baghdad under the leadership
of Abu Musab al Zarqawi, a Jordanian
SERVICES believed by the United States to have
Video been the mastermind behind the
Newswatch assassination of American diplomat
E-Mail Services Lawrence Foley in Amman last
CNN To Go October.
A member of a terror group linked to Abu
SEARCH Musab al Zarqawi (above) has been
Zarqawi was said to have received captured in Iraq by U.S. forces.
Web (?> CNN.com C medical treatment in Baghdad in May
and June of 2002 after being wounded
in Afghanistan during the war. His leg Story Tools
was amputated, U.S. officials say, by a SAVE THIS fjtE?l EMAIL THIS
surgeon in Iraq.
iA PRINT THIS MOST POPULAR
Before the war, Secretary of State
Colin Powell pointed to Zarqawi's al
Qaeda-affiliated group that he said was VIDEO a
operating inside Baghdad, as evidence
of ties between al Qaeda and Iraq. A member of an al
Qaeda-affiliated
terror group
Powell told the U.N. Security Council in operating in Baghdad
early February that after al Qaeda and has been captured
the Taliban were ousted from by U.S. forces. CNN's David Ensor
Afghanistan, Zarqawi established a reports (April 30)
camp in northeastern Iraq to train j PLAY VIDEO
terrorists in using explosives and
poisons.

During Zarqawi's stay in Baghdad, SPECIAL REPORT

nearly two dozen of his associates set
up a base of operations in the capital to
WARIN
move people, money and supplies
throughout the country, said Powell. IRAQ
The United States, using another War Tracker

http://www.cnn.com/2003AVORLD/meast/04/29/spri.irq.terrorist.capture/index.html 4/30/03
1A10 THTJRSBAY, MAI i, s?oo3
Center
To Assess
Terrorist
Threat
Wew Operation to Be
Housed
ri.
at CIA for Now
'•-BjrDAN EGGEN
'' Washington Post Staff Writer
The Bush administration is launching a
'new counterterrorism center today to
remedy intelligence-gathering problems
/revealed in the wake of the Sept. 11,2001,
*" attacks, but the plan is already coming un-
der criticism as a wasteful duplication of
Bother agencies' work,
' ' The Terrorist Threat Integration Cen-
ter (TTIC), first announced by President
'Bush earlier this year in his State of the
'Union address, will bring together repre-
sentatives from across the government to
j monitor threat information gathered by
: other agencies and provide analysis to the
' "'White House and others.
The ribbon-cutting comes after yester-
, day's release of the State Department's an-
''liual report on terrorism. The report said
, thgt attacks dropped sharply last year and
several nations where terrorists are active
'increased efforts to combat their activ-
ities.
' ; Officials said the threat center, which
will start with a skeleton staff of 60 in tem-
'ipbrary quarters at CIA headquarters in
' Langley, will begin operations today by
immediately taking responsibility for
' compiling the top-secret Daily Threat Ma-
trix, an analysis that forms the backbone
for much of the administration's strategy
in assessing terrorist attacks.
' '-Director John 6. Brennan, a 23-year
' *£lA veteran, told reporters yesterday that
the center will allow the CIA, FBI, Nation-
al Security Agency and other agencies to
better "connect the dots" in assessing ter-
" rbrist threats by improving the flow of in-
' formation within the U.S. intelligence
'community.
; "Just by definition, this is very new and
.very different," Brennan said. "We are not
going to be doing things in a redundant
fashion. What we're trying to do is have
TTIC serve as the central hub to provide
information and receive information
throughout the government."
But many lawmakers and intelligence
'"experts are taking a cautious view of the
"threat center concept, which critics view
as a wasteful bureaucracy that will only
worsen confusion and communication
.problems within the intelligence commu-
nity.
s WAR AGAINST TERRORISM
Sen. Joseph I. Lieberman (D-Conn.) says the Terrorist Threat Integration Center being
dedicated today should be moved to the Department of Homeland Security.
The center was hurriedly announced to
response to growing congressional doubts
about the ability of the scandal-ridden J?BI
to protect the nation from terrorist attack.
Sen. John Edwards (N.C.), a Democfatic
presidential hopeful, has proposed creat-
ing a new domestic intelligence agency
akin to Britain's MIS security service.
Another presidential candidate, Sen.
Joseph I. Lieberman (Conn.), wrote Bush
this week calling the threat center "mis-
guided and potentially calamitous" and
urging him to move the center into the
new Department of Homeland Security.
Lieberman said the center "will be re-
moved from our government's dajfy ef-
forts to improve our domesticSfofenses,
constrained by cultural and institutional
rivalries between the CIA and FBI, .isolat-
ed from state and local governments and
unaccountable to the nation's top-ranking
homeland security official
"Rather than increasing the 'effective--
ness and clarity of intelligence inte'gration
in our government... this decision risks
increasing bureaucracy and confusion,"
the letter said. ; and plots foiled, but terrorism still j
The American Civil Liberties Union
and other civil liberties groupf;JjiaVe also
said the TTIC structure is wortfiome be-
cause it could allow the CIA and other for-
eign intelligence agencies to have undue
influence on domestic matters. '*-'
Brennan and other TTIC officials dis-
puted such criticisms during a conference
call with reporters yesterday. Deputy di-
rector Jim Bernazzani, an FBI special
agent, said the threat center will not col-
lect its own intelligence or run counterter-
rorism cases. Those tasks will remain
with the FBI and Joint Terrorism Task
Forces around the country, he said.
BY RAY IUSTIG-THE WASHINGTON WST
"There will be no TTIC personnel walk-
ing the streets of a city in the United
States collecting information, nor will
there be TTIC personnel making d^ci-
sions about investigations," Bernazzaai
said. '"*
Threat center officials acknowledged
that many details remain to be worked
out, including what kinds of reports will
be provided to other agencies and the cen-
ter's permanent location. The administra-
tion plans to place the center in its own
building that will also house CIA and FBI
counterterrorism operations.
The State Department's '
port said attacks by "international i
ists" drdpped from 355 in 2001 to 18
year, Reutersmews service reported.^
number of deaths fell to 725 from 3,:
2001, which included fatalities
Sept. 11 attacks on New \brk and,1
ington. . •
U.S. officials said the decline reflected
the U.S.-led war oa terrorism.'^!
more attacks were likely. Terrorist <
have been broken up, networks (
its grim shadow across the globe,"
tary of State Cohn L. Powell told \.
The report said that Libya,!
Syria hadmadeprogress in <
rorist activities, but all three'
on the United States' list of state sponsors
of terrorism.
The report described Iran as the most
active sponsor of terrorist violence, called
North Korea's response to combating ter-
rorism "disappointing;" and said that Cu-
ba repeatedly sent agents to U.S. missions
to provide false leads to subvert the post-
S«»nt 11 investigation
Tmz WASHINGTON POST
U.S. NAVY Fkl PHOTO VIA REUTERS
Pakistani Police Arrest
Six Al Qaeda Suspects
By KAMRAN KHAN
Special to The Washington Post
KARACHI, Pakistan, April 30—
Police have arrested six suspected al
Qaeda operatives, including a lead-
ing suspect in the 2000 bombing of
the USS Cole, Pakistani officials
said today.
Tawfiq hin Attash, a Yemeni citi-
zen who has been linked to several
high-ranking al Qaeda leaders, was
arrested in this port city "a few days
ago," according to a senior Paki-
stani intelligence official who spoke
on condition of anonymity. Though
a police statement released today
said the arrests had taken place on
Tuesday, the official said bin Attash
had been taken into custody some-
time earlier and already had been in-
terrogated by U.S. intelligence
agents.
Bin Attash-—also known by a
handful of other names, including
Tawfiq Attash Khallad—had been
sought by U.S. officials for allegedly
planning the bombing of the Cole, a
suicide attack that killed 17 U.S.
sailors in October 2000 in the Yeme-
ni port of Aden. He also is believed
to have participated in the bombing
of two U.S. embassies in East Africa
in August 1998.
This is a major-league killer who
orchestrated the Cole attack and
possibly the Africa bombings," a
CIA officer wrote of bin Attash in
2001.
White House spokesman Ari
Fleischer said today that President
Bush had expressed gratitude to Pa-
kistan for a "hopeful and significant
capture."
Pakistani police officials said bin
Attash's arrest stemmed from in-
formation obtained during interro-
gation of Khalid Sheik Mohammed,
tiie reputed al Qaeda operations
chief who was apprehended in the
Pakistani city of Rawalpindi two
months ago.
Pakistani police
said they hut
arrested a top
suspect in ttw
bombing of MM
USSCote,wM*
sat with a hole
blown in its Mi
HI the Yemeni
port of Aden ta
2000.
Bin Attash and Ramzi Binalshibh,
another al Qaeda leader seized in
Pakistan, were Mohammed's top
lieutenants, Pakistani officials say,
and bin Attash had been hiding in
Karachi since Mohammed's cap-
ture. In addition, U.S. authorities
say they believe bin Attash and Bi-
nalshibh served as trainers for a
group that plotted suicide attacks
last year in the Strait of Gibraltar.
Intelligence services have said
bin Attash was present at a January
2000 meeting in Malaysia that was
also attended by Khalid Almihdhar-
and Nawaf Alhazmi, two of the hi-
jackers who carried out the Sept. 11,
2001, attacks on the World Trade
Center and the Pentagon.
The five other men whose arrests
were announced today were Paki-
stanis who worked "hand in glove
with al Qaeda," according to one of-
ficial—a rare acknowledgement by
an official here that Pakistan's citi-
zens have worked with bin Laden's
organization.
Scores of foreigners have been ar-
rested in Pakistan on suspicion of al
Qaeda links since the U.S.-led war in
neighboring Afghanistan sent them
fleeing across die Afghan-Pakistani
border. But officials here have not
spoken publicly about the role Paki-
stanis have played in providing shel-
ter and money for the foreign fugi-
tives. In all, more than 350
suspected al Qaeda members have
been arrested hi Pakistan since the
Sept. 11 attacks.
In addition to the six arrests, offi-
cials said, they uncovered 330
pounds of explosives and a few
weapons. Bin Attash, however, ap-
parently had no knowledge of the
explosives and was not planning any
terrorist operations while hiding in
Karachi.
Staff writer Susan Schmidt in
Washington contributed to this
report.
 , fU& j. Jn.\jR.WJU.i AT**** •-•* -T — — -_ .. —

Libya Accepts Responsibility

For Bombing Over Lockerbie
Acknowledgement Is Key DemandforLifting of Sanctions
By ALAN SIPKISS
and JOHN MINTZ
Washington Post Foreign Service
signaled that Libya
to compen-
; Doilies. "The
«tfend with the
IjSjmount Ifecs started," he
added t Libyan and
were "partic- ,
'•ecoU si the collection of the
sanctions on the country/^ * apparently indicating
Foreign Miaia$ef ithe government of Moammar
Shalqam said today. would not directly partic-
1 statement ^represents the ^irt the program. ;
concession by Libya, whidvl L. Mack, vice president
agreed to establish >,' *Middle East Institute, said
to compensate families of the.
' I's 270 vktims. Durinif nrf its lard cur-
with lawyers repreW' finance the fund. H« said
_ the families, Libyan offt- [this measure and Shalqam's
said they would pay up to i statement represent sjgoif-
million for each victim in steps to resolve the in-
installments as sanctions l dispute.
, according to U.S. soutc*' represents a huge cc|Bce»-
with the negotiations,, r fbr 'any country to provide
Libya's willingness to aefc t high proportion of it* Uq-
:.Y billion fund represented/ sets to settle this," «aid
ilicit acceptance of respon- , a longtime observer of Ub-
|ty, U.S. and British offices s. "This is a signHteaat
" to call for outright-»c? vledgment of respontibffi-
•eat of a government
the attack, which killed Shalqam's statement •
the airplane and 11 in ' ' satisfies U.S. and U.M 4e-
where it crashed. This s, it could mark the end of a
figured prominently:jn a that has caused yeart of
early last month among I to the victims' famili*. a»
from the three countries, Fas substantial economic lift-
a statement fa file Reuters
agency, Shalqam said today,
have taken oft the responsjbil-
>r this case oji' the basis of the
itional law, which states
.e state takes on responsibil-
what its employees do."
ibyan intelligence agent,* Ab-
Ali Megrahi, waaton-
fc 2001 by a Scottish court
tg out the bombing and
need to life in prison. A sec-
Libyan, Lamen KhaUfa Fhi-
was acquitted by the court,
had convened on a former
BriStary base in the Nether-
wider « deal reached after
yRBS of negotiations.

Hill Panel, CIA-Led Group
Fight Over Sept. 11 Papers
Classified Informatwn Sought on Saudis, Al Qaeda
By DANA PKIEST
P°st Staff Writer
|e congressional intelligence panel that
ated the Sept. 11,2001, terrorist at-
i is locked in a dispute with a CIA-led
nittee over declassifying information
nel believes is critical to understand-
ing the attacks and the al Qaeda network, ac-
cording to panel members and staff.
Topping the list of secrets the intelligence
agency is refusing to make public are un-
resolved allegations, some unearthed by the
panel during its: investigation,: that Saudi
*%plomats and intelligence officers aided the
Sppt. 11,2001, hijackers and al Qaeda asso-
ciates living in the United States and abroad.
-*; The information about possible Saudi con-
nections is among the most sensitive and po-
tentially embarrassing information in an
800-page report that the joint House-Senate
intelligence panel staff completed several
^ months ago. Saudi Arabia is considered a
U.S. ally, andfts cooperation and bases were
^'oncial to the United States in the war
' against Iraq. But 15 of the 19 hijackers were
* Saudis, and the panel discovered what it be-
lieves are other possible links between Saudi
government officials and terrorists.
The FBI and CIA have told the committee
that these issues have been fully investigat-
ed, but some panel members do not agree.
Instead, they worry that the FBI in particular
has not fully investigated alleged Saudi links
to terrorist suspects in the United States.
"We still don't know if the Saudi activities
are an official link, whether they were rogue
or sanctioned," one panel staff member said.
The declassification dispute involves
much more than the Saudi allegations. After
an iflitiaftevlew by a CIA-led declassification
eonumttee, composed of representatives of
the various U.S. intelligence agencies, the
congressional panel compiled a 60-page list
of still-classified information it believed
,. should be made public. Some of the items on
ike list have been revealed in news accounts,
• public testimony or other public documents.
.Qther; ttems included information the panel
• n^t believe was properly ckssified and
not harm national security if made
Bat the CIA-led committee has refused to
bodge on its initial review, a position that
has angered Rep. Porter J. Goss (R-Fla.),
chairman of the House intelligence cornmit-
«tie, and Sen. Bob Graham (D-Fla.), former
rtlnldfig member of the Senate intelligence
committee.
"We were promised cooperation, and I
don't think we've gotten it," Goss said. He
and Graham have asked for meetings with
CIA Director George J. Tenet and FBI Direc-
tor Robert S. Mueller IE to push the matter.
"The report is not going forward. I want to
get it out," Goss said. "I don't see the nexus
between sources and methods or an active
'£" 'TlBI'WASHINGTON POST
prosecution. And I'm not sure anything said
by a top intelligence official during public
congressional testimony shouldn't be in this
report"
CIA spokesman William Harlow said the
review committee has been reconsidering
the panel's 60 pages of requests. "We expect
to have it completed by the end of May," he
said. The requests involve about 300 pages
of documents, Harlow said, all of which took
time to review. "We hope to have this re-
solved," he said.
The joint, bipartisan panel, made up of all
members of the House, and Senate in-
telligence committees, worked for 10
months investigating CIA, FBI, State De-
partment and National Security Agency in-
telligence dealings, and failures, that led up
to the Sept, 11,2001, attacks on the World
Trade Center and the Pentagon.
Among the panel's discoveries was that
the FBI failed to seek a warrant to search the
computer of Zacarias Moussaoui, who was
arrested weeks before the attacks after rais-
ing suspicions at a Minnesota flight school,
or heed the warnings of a Phoenix FBI agent
that terrorists might be training at US.
flight schools. The Phoenix memo, parts of
which have been published in news "ac-
counts, is among the items the panel hoj)es
to get declassified.
The panel held a series of public meetings,
but most of its sessions were held behind
closed doors. It made 19 recommendations
for improving the U.S. domestic and foreign
intelligence system, many of which were
never acted on. A follow-on independent
commission is now reviewing those and oth-
er findings.
The new commission has also run into dif-
ficulties gaining access to intelligence in-
formation, in part because of long delays in
getting security clearances for its members
and staff.
Last week, commission member Timothy
J. Roemer, a former Democratic House
member from Indiana, was denied access to
some documents held by the joint inquiry
panel.
The refusal stemmed from an agreement
between the White House and the commis-
sion's leadership allowing the administra-
tion to review three sensitive transcripts be-
fore they were released. The standoff was
settled yesterday when the White House
said it would not oppose release of the mate-
rial to the commission, officials said.
But Roemer, who had participated in the
joint House-Senate inquiry as a lawmaker,
said last week that the White House should
not have the ability to cut special deals over
information access. "This, by statute, is pre-
cisely the kind of fundamental information
we are obligated to have," Roemer said.
Staff writer Dan E&en contributed to this
report.
JA1 Qaeda
jLeader's Kin
|Is Captured
I Reuters
I
! A nephew of senior al Qaeda
'leader Khalid Sheikh Mohammed
j was among six people detained this
I week in Pakistan, U.S. officials said
j yesterday.
I The nephew, AliAbdal-Aziz also
I known as Ammar al-Baluchi, is in
' his mid-twenties and was captured
by Pakistani authorities in a raid
I that also netted a suspected mas-
I termind of the bombing of the USS
(Cole in October 2000, officials

I *Time magazine on its Web site,

, citing U.S. officials, said Aziz fun-
I neled nearly $120,000 to ringlead-
i er Mohammed Atta and other Sept.
111,2001, hijackers to finance their
[ flight lessons and living expenses
to the United States.
 5/3/63

AirAttacLen
Karachi Arrests Break Up Al Qaeda Plan for
by thePakt
Washington Post Staff Writer _, .vice, two U.S,
—,—, — fiush administra-
U.S. and Pakistani authorities the USS? Cole in 2000, U.S. in- tion official said the group had nqt
have broken up an al Qaeda plan to telligence officials said. The arrests yet obtained an airplane, but be*
fly an explosives-laden aircraft into led to the discovery of hundreds of lieved they were dose to gaining ac-
the U.S. consulate in Karachi, a sui- pounds of high explosives, as well as cesstoone.
cide plot reminiscent of the Sept. grenades, assault rifles and det- The information prompted an uf •;
11, 2001, attacks that shows the onators hidden in several different gent analysis and warning from thia
weakened terrorist network is still caches, Pakistani and U.S. officials new Terrorist Threat Integration
capable of pursuing serious as- say. Center, an intelligence clearing1
saults, officials said yesterday. The details of the aerial assatilt house run by the CIA, senates said.
The plan was Med by the arrests plan, which watt Hearing fruitioa,
earlier this week in Karachi erf six came from the suspects themselves ,SeeATB4GK,A16,Cpi. 1- ' .

I EIACK, Froi»41
Ine Depar|(Bent of Homeland Secu-
r jyj||urBs privately issued an i "
Waiy about the plot on 1~~
|tates.
Authorities said that although But authorities also said the case
there is no information indicating , further evidence of the success
specific plans for a similar attack a*, U.S. intelligence and law en-
$:S. sou, the plot underscore* * ; agencies and their allies
Qaeda's continued "fixation" on Ǥ- at-
ing airplanes as weapons. U.S. affi-
<$ab also note that al Qaeda open- the six men arrested in
frequently aim for multiple [ were Tawfiq bin Attash, a
national who allegedly
it reliable reporting indi- the October 2000 suicide
that al Qaeda was in the tate of the USS Cole that killed
of planning an aerial suicide J.S. sailors in the Yemeni port of
Attack against the U.S. Consulate in , and Ali Abd Aziz, the nephew
(arachi," said the advisory, which captured al Qaeda lieutenant
vas posted yesterday on the Air- i has been identified by the FBI
Oraft Owners and Pilots Association i key paymaster in the Sept. 11
ate.
itives were planning to i Attash, called "a major-league
a small fixed-wing aircraft or ' by one CIA officer, also is be-
with explosives to have played a role in or-
crash it into the consulate," it read. the bombings of two
IJtis plot and a similar plot last . embassies in East Africa in Au-
jtoff to fly a small explosive-laden 1998, and attended a January
9 fecraft into a U.S. warship in the ) meeting in Malaysia with two
1 ersian Gulf demonstrate al Qae- <tf the Sept. 11 hijackers.
4a's continued fixation with using : Aziz is the nephew of al Qaeda's
explosive-laden small aircraft hi at- Operations chief, Khalid Sheik Mo-
tpcks." lammed, who was captured in Paki-
i The advisory also warned that stan on March 1 and is being in-
Ae potential destruction from such terrogated at an undisclosed
al attack would be "the equivalent location. FBI Director Robert S.
of a medium-sized truck bomb." Mueller m identified Adz in testi-
i The notice was issued on the
same day that the State Department
Warned Americans to avoid travel to
Saudi Arabia because of "credible"
information indicating al Qaeda
plans for an attack on U.S. targets
there. President Bush, in his ad-
dress to the nation Thursday night
from the deck of the USS Abraham
{ancob, warned that "the war on
tJHTor is not over" and said al Qaeda
i "wounded, not destroyed."
U.S. to Release About
Detainees at Guantanamo
Many More Cases May Be Decided Soon
By JOHN MINTZ
and GLENN KESSLEH
Washington Post Staff Writers
U.S. military officials are pre-
paring to release about 15 pris-
oners from the U.S. Navy prison
at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, in
coming days, the first group of a
much larger number of inmates
there whose cases are expected
to be resolved soon as a result of
discussions between top officials
at the Defense and State depart-
ments.
After months of conversations
and exchanges of letters between
Defense Secretary Donald H.
Rumsfeld and Secretary of State
Colin L. Powell, the two agencies
have agreed that the Pentagon
will expedite decisions about
• AJQMdabsakJtobe
nearly crippled. I
whether to prosecute, continue
interrogating or release the 660
detainees held at the detention
facility, U*S. government officials
said.
"It was decided that there
would be a process, that we
would resolve each case, one way
or the other," a senior State De-
partment official said.
The agreement between top
officials of the two agencies,
reached about three weeks ago
amid pressure from some of the
42 nations with citizens held at
Guantanamo Bay, could mean
that the cases of substantial num-
bers of inmates might be re-
solved in coming months, offi-
cials said. Until now, the United
States has declined to say how
long it would hold the al Qaeda
and Taliban fighters captured in
See GUANTANAMO, A16, Col. 1

Some at Guantanamo to Be Set Free

GUANTANAMO, FromAl
Afghanistan.
Pentagon officials declined to state
yesterday which nations the men to be
released come from, but said it is pos-
sible authorities in their home coun-
tries will imprison them until they are
satisfied the inmates pose no risk.
Government officials said that the
State Department, in response to
some foreign governments' com-
plaints about the detentions of pris-
oners in Cuba, had urged Rumsfeld to
move as quickly as possible on the de-
tentions, which have lasted as long as
16 months. Rumsfeld said he, too,
wants the cases resolved as quickly as
possible.
"Colin's job is to represent those
countries into this interagency pro-
cess [considering what to do with
each prisoner] to see if there isn't
some way we can speed that up,"
Rumsfeld told reporters on Sunday. T
would like to see it move faster.
"We have no desire to hold a lot of
these people," Rumsfeld added. "We
would much prefer that other coun-
tries hold them. If s a very slow pro-
cess."
A senior State Department official
said foreign governments' complaints
about the duration of the detentions
have grown more insistent. "As time
goes on, they're getting more urgent,"
the official said.
State Department spokeswoman
Nancy Beck said that "we're continu-
ing discussions with a number [of na-
tions] regarding appropriate forums
for prosecution, the possibility of
transferring their nationals back to
them for some action, or the possibil-
ity that some detainees will be re-
leased."
So far the U.S. military has freed 23
Guantanamo detainees, all of them
from Afghanistan. The first prisoner
repatriated was suffering from a se-
vere mental disturbance, and two lat-
er groups of prisoners were returned
after it was determined they posed no
terrorist threat.
Almost all the prisoners said they
had been relatively well treated at the
jail, though some complained that
they had been treated roughly or dis-
courteously during earlier detention
in Afghanistan.
Last week, Pentagon officials said
they had drawn up a short list of al-
leged members of the al Qaeda terror-
ist network held in Cuba who they are
considering for trial before special
military tribunals. They also said they
had finished drawing up rules for the
trials, indicating the proceedings
could start soon if top government of-
ficials give the order.
Human rights groups repeated
pleas yesterday that the U.S. govern-
ment not leave the 660 prisoners in
Cuba in legal limbo.
"All of the prisoners held at Guanta-
namo should be charged or released,"
said Vienna Cohicci, a spokeswoman
for Amnesty International. The U.S.
should guarantee prompt and fair re-
view of aH prisoners' cases, and not re-
ular allied countries."
Rumsfeld said the process of sort-
ing through the detainees takes time.
"One of the reasons it's complicat-
ed is because some of the agencies are
focusing on law enforcement," Rums-
feld said. "What have these people
done wrong that might lead to a law
enforcement action in our country or
another country?
"Other people, like the]
of
Agency,
**• *&£- --"fsyyi^ff-- .-*:"•-*-
elhgence gather
said. "What do these-
that we can get fromther in-
terrogations, ;sW^at ^ in fact,
stop future terrorist atl So it's a
complicated pro it is not any-
where near as J T Secretary
Powell or fy