Berkeley

... like a giddy planet round a burning sun...

Alberto walked over to the window facing the town.

Sophie followed him. While they stood looking out at
the old houses, a small plane flew in over the rooftops.
Fixed to its tail was a long banner which Sophie guessed
would be advertising some product or local event, a
rock concert perhaps. But as it approached and turned,
she saw quite a different message: HAPPY BIRTHDAY, HILDE!
"Gate-crasher," was Alberto's only comment.
Heavy black clouds from the hills to the south were
now beginning to gather over the town. The little plane
disappeared into the grayness.
"I'm afraid there's going to be a storm," said Al-
berto.
"So I'll take the bus home."
"I only hope the major isn't behind this, too."
"He's not God Almighty, is he?"
Alberto did not reply. He walked across the room and
sat down again by the coffee table.
"We have to talk about Berkeley," he said after a
while.
Sophie had already resumed her place. She caught
herself biting her nails.
"George Berkeley was an Irish bishop who lived from
1685 to 1753," Alberto began. There was a long silence.
"Berkeley was an Irish bishop ..." Sophie prompted.
"But he was a philosopher as well..."
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"Yes?"
' 'He felt that current philosophies and science were a
threat to the Christian way of life, that the all-pervading
materialism, not least, represented a threat to the Chris-
tian faith in God as creator and preserver of all nature."
"He did?"
"And yet Berkeley was the most consistent of the
empiricists."
"He believed we cannot know any more of the world
than we can perceive through the senses?"
"More than that. Berkeley claimed that worldly
things are indeed as we perceive them, but they are
not 'things.' "
"You'll have to explain that."
' 'You remember that Locke pointed out that we can-
not make statements about the 'secondary qualities' of
things. We cannot say an apple is green and sour. We
can only say we perceive it as being so. But Locke also
said that the 'primary qualities' like density, gravity, and
weight really do belong to the external reality around us.
External reality has, in fact, a material substance."
"I remember that, and I think Locke's division of
things was important."
"Yes, Sophie, if only that were all."
"Go on."
"Locke believed—just like Descartes and Spinoza—
that the material world is a reality."
"Yes?"
"This is just what Berkeley questioned, and he did so
by the logic of empiricism. He said the only things that
exist are those we perceive. But we do not perceive 'ma-
terial' or 'matter.' We do not perceive things as tangible
objects. To assume that what we perceive has its own
underlying 'substance' is jumping to conclusions. We
have absolutely no experience on which to base such a
claim."
"How stupid. Look!" Sophie thumped her fist hard
on the table. "Ouch," she said. "Doesn't that prove that
this table is really a table, both of material and matter?''
"How did you feel it?"
"I felt something hard."
284
"You had a sensation of something hard, but you
didn't feel the actual matter in the table. In the same
way, you can dream you are hitting something hard, but
there isn't anything hard in a dream, is there?"
"No, not in a dream."
"A person can also be hypnotized into 'feeling' things
like warmth and cold, a caress or a punch."
"But if the table wasn't really hard, why did I feel
it?"
"Berkeley believed in a 'spirit.' He thought all our
ideas have a cause beyond our consciousness, but that
this cause is not of a material nature. It is spiritual."
Sophie had started biting her nails again.
Alberto continued: "According to Berkeley, my own
soul can be the cause of my own ideas—just as when I
dream—but only another will or spirit can be the cause
of the ideas that make up the 'corporeal' world. Every-
thing is due to that spirit which is the cause of 'every-
thing in everything' and which 'all things consist in,' he
said."
"What 'spirit' was he talking about?"
' 'Berkeley was of course thinking of God. He said that
'we can moreover claim that the existence of God is far
more clearly perceived than the existence of man.' ''
"Is it not even certain that we exist?"
"Yes, and no. Everything we see and feel is 'an effect
of God's power,' said Berkeley. For God is 'intimately
present in our consciousness, causing to exist for us the
profusion of ideas and perceptions that we are
constantly subject to.' The whole world around us and
our whole life exist in God. He is the one cause of
everything that exists. We exist only in the mind of
God."
"I am amazed, to put it mildly."
"So 'to be or not to be' is not the whole question.
The question is also who we are. Are we really human
beings of flesh and blood? Does our world consist of
real things—or are we encircled by the mind?''
Sophie continued to bite her nails.
Alberto went on: "Material reality was not the only
thing Berkeley was questioning. He was also questioning
whether 'time' and 'space' had anv absolute or inde-
 285
pendent existence. Our own perception of time and
space can also be merely figments of the mind. A week
or two for us need not be a week or two for God..."
"You said that for Berkeley this spirit that everything
exists in is the Christian God."
"Yes, I suppose I did. But for us ..."
"Us?"
"For us—for you and me—this 'will or spirit' that is
the 'cause of everything in everything' could be Hilde's
father."
Sophie's eyes opened wide with incredulity. Yet at
the same time a realization began to dawn on her.
"Is that what you think?"
"I cannot see any other possibility. That is perhaps
the only feasible explanation for everything that has hap-
pened to us. All those postcards and signs that have
turned up here and there... Hermes beginning to
talk. . . my own involuntary slips of the tongue."
HT 55

"Imagine my calling you Sophie, Hilde! I knew all

the time that your name wasn't Sophie."
"What are you saying? Now you are definitely con-
fused."
"Yes, my mind is going round and round, my child.
Like a giddy planet round a burning sun."
"And that sun is Hilde's father?"
"You could say so."
"Are you saying he's been a kind of God for us?"
"To be perfectly candid, yes. He should be ashamed
of himself!"
"What about Hilde herself?"
"She is an angel, Sophie."
"An angel?"
"Hilde is the one this 'spirit' turns to."
"Are you saying that Albert Knag tells Hilde about
us?"
"Or writes about us. For we cannot perceive the mat-
ter itself that our reality is made of, that much we have
learned. We cannot know whether our external reality is
made of sound waves or of paper and writing. According
to Berkeley, all we can know is that we are spirit."
286
"And Hilde is an angel..."
"Hilde is an angel, yes. Let that be the last word.
Happy birthday, Hilde!"
Suddenly the room was filled with a bluish light. A
few seconds later they heard the crash of thunder and
the whole house shook.
"I have to go," said Sophie. She got up and ran to
the front door. As she let herself out, Hermes woke up
from his nap in the hallway. She thought she heard him
say, "See you later, Hilde."
Sophie rushed down the stairs and ran out into the
street. It was deserted. And now the rain came down in
torrents.
One or two cars were plowing through the downpour,
but there were no buses in sight. Sophie ran across Main
Square and on through the town. As she ran, one thought
kept going round and round in her mind: "Tomorrow is
my birthday\ Isn't it extra bitter to realize that life is
only a dream on the day before your fifteenth birthday?
It's like dreaming you won a million and then just as
you're getting the money you wake up."
Sophie ran across the squelching playing field.
Minutes later she saw someone come running toward
her. It was her mother. The sky was pierced again and
again by angry darts of lightning.
When they reached each other Sophie's mother put
her arm around her.
"What's happening to us, little one?"
"I don't know," Sophie sobbed. "It's like a bad
dream."