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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, class and register number in the spaces provided at the top of this page and on any separate writing paper used. Section A Answer all the questions. Shade your answers in the OTAS provided. Section B Answer all the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Section C Answer all the questions Write your answers in the writing papers provided. Hand in Section C separately
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This question paper consists of 15 printed pages, including the cover page. Section A (20 marks) Answer all the questions in this section. 1. A compound Y has a melting point of -22C and a boiling point of 48 C. At which temperature is Y a liquid? A -75 -50 B -25 0 temperature / oC C 25 50 D 75
2.
Which sentence best describes the arrangement of particles in a liquid? A) B) C) D) They are close together in an orderly arrangement. They are close together in a disorderly arrangement. They are far apart in an orderly arrangement. They are far apart in a disorderly arrangement.
3.
How many atoms are there in one molecule of iron (III) nitrate, Fe(NO3)3? A) B) C) D) 9 11 13 15
4.
Which of the following numbers is different for isotopes? A) B) C) D) Number of protons Number of neutrons Number of electrons Total number of protons and electrons
5.
Which statement about the elements in the Periodic Table is correct? A) B) C) D) Group 0 elements are unreactive metals. Group I elements are reactive non-metals. Group VII elements form negative ions. The elements become more metallic from left to right across a period.
6.
The table shows some typical properties of metals and non-metals. Which one of the following set of properties is correct? A) B) C) D) . Metals Good conductor of electricity Usually have a high melting point Shiny when polished Good conductor of electricity Non-metals Usually have a high melting point Good conductor of heat Good conductor of electricity Usually dull in appearance
7.
Which of the following has the most number of electrons? A) B) C) D) Ca2+ S2Ne Br-
8.
An unknown ion, X2+ contains 23 particles in the nucleus and 10 electrons outside the nucleus. What does the nucleus of the ion X2+ contain? Protons Neutrons
A) B) C) D)
9.
9 10 11 12
14 13 12 11
The atom of element X has the electronic configuration 2.8.6. Which statement about element X is correct? A) B) C) D) X is a poor conductor of electricity It forms an ion of charge +2 It has 2 protons in the outermost shell of an atom An atom of X has 12 electrons.
10 .
Which of the graphs below shows the graph of the number of outer shell electrons against the proton number of the first 12 elements of the Periodic Table?
11 .
Which one of the following contains only compounds? A) B) C) D) Oxygen, water, air Nitrogen, neon, chlorine Methane, air, sodium chloride Water, carbon dioxide, methane
12 .
The diagram below represents the particles in four substances. Which diagram represents a compound?
13 .
Which of the following statements is true? A) B) C) D) A mixture of salt and water forms a suspension. A solution is a homogeneous mixture where a solute dissolves in a solvent. A solution leaves a residue on the filter paper after filtration. A saturated solution is one where more solute can be dissolved.
14 .
In fizzy drinks, X is the solvent and Y is the solute. Identify X and Y. X carbon dioxide water nitrogen water Y water nitrogen water Carbon dioxide
A) B) C) D)
15 .
Methylated spirits will remove permanent ink from some surfaces whereas water will not. The best explanation for this is that A) B) C) D) methylated spirits is stronger than water. permanent ink is soluble in methylated spirits. permanent ink is soluble in water. water will not evaporate as quickly as methylated spirits.
16 .
What is the property that allows us to use fractional distillation to separate ethanol from water in alcoholic drinks? A) B) C) D) They have different melting points. They have different boiling points. They have different solubilities. They have different colours.
17 .
Which of the following is suitable to be obtained by crystallisation? A) B) C) D) Salt from a mixture of sand and salt Water from sugar solution Sugar from sugar solution Salt from a mixture of salt and sugar
18 .
The graph below shows the solubility of oxygen in the temperature range from 0oC 60oC.
At room temperature (25C), what is the maximum mass of oxygen that can dissolve in 200 grams of water? A) B) C) D) 0.0018g 0.0036g 0.0072g 0.0144g
19 .
The use of a Liebig condenser in distillation is to ________________. A) B) C) D) convert a liquid to a solid convert a liquid to a vapour convert a solid to a liquid convert a vapour to a liquid
20 .
You are given a sample of crystals. What should you check to test the purity of the crystals? A) B) C) D) Melting point Shape of crystals Size of crystals Solubility
Section B (30 marks) Answer all the questions in this section. 1. Carbon monoxide has a melting point of -205C and a boiling point of -192C. (a) In the space below, draw the particles of carbon monoxide at room temperature. [1]
(b) In a students notes, he wrote down that air is a mixture of elements. [1] (i) Define a mixture. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ (ii) Hence or otherwise, state whether the student is correct. Explain your answer. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ (iii) Compare a molecule of an element with a molecule of a compound. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ (c) Water turns into steam at 100C. (i) Name this change in state. ____________________________________________________________________ (ii) Give two differences between the change in state in (i) and evaporation. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ [2] [1] [2] [2]
2.
(a) Complete the following table. Element Mg Nucleon Number 24 64 Fe3+ Br 56 80 31 15 18 29 28 Protons Neutrons Electrons
[5]
(b) In the boxes below, draw the full electronic structure of an atom and ion of nitrogen. . Atom Ion
[4]
(c) Write down the electronic configuration of the atom and ion of nitrogen. Atom: _____________________ Ion: _________________________
[2]
3.
The figure below shows a chromatogram obtained by separating the food colouring used in a new type of isotonic drink.
(a) Why does the black spot move further than the white spot? ____________________________________________________________________ (b) Give one precaution when obtaining this chromatogram. ____________________________________________________________________ (b) Calculate the Rf value of the black spot.
[1] [1]
[1]
(c) Is the colouring pure? Explain your answer. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ (d) Why should the starting line be drawn in pencil and not ink? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ (e) Give one advantage of using chromatography to analyse food samples. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________
[1]
[1]
[1]
4.
The diagram below shows the apparatus used to obtain water from sea water.
(a) What is the name of this process? ____________________________________________________________________ (b) What is the purpose of the boiling chips? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ (c) How do you know the water collected is pure? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ (d) Label the water in and water out for the condenser. X: _________________________ Y: ________________________
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
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Section C (30 marks) Draw the graph in question 1 on the graph paper provided. Answer all the questions in this section on the writing paper provided. Begin each question on a fresh piece of writing paper. 1. (a) Kate wants to find out the amount of a solute that can dissolve in different volumes of solvents. The given solvent is water and the solute is sugar. For different amounts of water, she added sugar till no more sugar can dissolve, and then recorded the mass of the sugar. The table below shows the results of her investigation. Volume of water/ cm3 Mass of sugar dissolved/ g 10 14 20 32 30 43 40 61 50 76 60 91
(i) Using the data from the table, plot a graph of mass of sugar dissolved against volume of water. (ii) Find the gradient of the graph. (iii) From the graph, how much sugar can be dissolved in 35 cm3 of water? (b) Describe, with labelled diagrams, how you would obtain a pure, dry sample of copper (II) sulphate crystals from a solution of copper (II) sulphate solution.
[4]
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2.
(a)
The graph below shows how the solubility of 4 different substances, vary with temperature. The solubility of a substance refers to the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a fixed amount of solvent. In this experiment, all substances were dissolved in 100 cm3 of water.
Describe the trend between solubility and temperature for the substance P. At which temperature does P and R have the same solubility?
[1] [1]
At 10C, it takes a long time for the different solutes to dissolve. (i) Describe an experiment to determine how stirring would affect the speed of dissolving. Include in your description the independent variable, the dependent variable and two factors to be kept constant. [4] Suggest two other ways beside stirring that result in the solutes dissolving faster. [2] [2]
(ii) (c)
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3.
(a)
You are given a mixture containing the following liquids: Liquid Methanol Ethanol Propanol Butanol (i) Boiling Point / C 64 78 98 118
Name the most suitable method that can be used to separate the above liquid mixture into its components. [1] Draw a labeled diagram showing how the apparatus can be set up for the method named in (i). [5] Which liquid would be obtained first? Explain your answer. [2]
(ii)
(iii) (b)
An unknown substance is a liquid at room temperature but quickly solidified in a refrigerator. Describe two ways to determine if the liquid is a pure substance. ~ End of Paper ~
[2]
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III H
Hydrogen 1
IV
VI
VII
0
4
He
Helium 2 11 12 14 16 19 20
Li
Lithium 3 23 4
Be
Beryllium 5 24
B
Boron 6 27
C
Carbon 7 28
N
Nitrogen 8 31
O
Oxygen 9 32
F
Fluorine 10 35.5
Ne
Neon 40
Na
Sodium 11 39
Mg
Magnesium 12 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65
Al
Aluminium 13 70 14
Si
Silicon 73
P
Phosphorus 15 75 16
S
Sulphur 17 79
Cl
Chlorine 18 80
Ar
Argon 84
K
Potassium 19 85 20
Ca
Calcium 88
Sc
Scandium 21 89 22
Ti
Titanium 91
V
Vanadium 23 93
Cr
Chromium 24 96
Mn
Manganese 25 26
Fe
Iron 27 101
Co
Cobalt 28 103
Ni
Nickel 29 106
Cu
Copper 30 108
Zn
Zinc 31 112
Ga
Gallium 115
Ge
Germanium 32 119 33
As
Arsenic 34 122
Se
Selenium 35 128
Br
Bromine 36 127
Kr
Krypton 131
Rb
Rubidium 37 133 38
Sr
Strontium 39 137
Y
Yttrium 40 139
Zr
Zirconium 41 178
Nb
Niobium 181
Mo
184
Tc
186
Ru
Ruthenium 44 190 45
Rh
Rhodium 46 192
Pd
Palladium 47 195
Ag
Silver 48 197
Cd
Cadmium 49 201
In
Indium 50 204
Sn
Tin 51 207
Sb
Antimony 52 209
Te
Tellurium 53
I
Iodine 54
Xe
Xenon
Molybdenum Technetium 42 43
Cs
Caesium 55 56
Ba
Barium 226
La
Lanthanum 57 * 227 72
Hf
Hafnium 73
Ta
Tantalum 74
W
Tungsten 75
Re
Rhenium 76
Os
Osmium 77
Ir
Iridium 78
Pt
Platinum 79
Au
Gold 80
Hg
Mercury 81
Tl
Thallium 82
Pb
Lead 83
Bi
Bismuth 84
Po
Polonium 85
At
Astatine 86
Rn
Radon
Fr
Francium 87 88
Ra
Radium 89
Ac
Actinium = 140 141 144 150 152 157 159 162 165 167 169 173 175
Ce
Cerium 58 232
Pr
Nd
238
Pm
Promethium 60
Sm
Samarium 62 63
Eu
Europium
Gd
Gadolinium 64 65
Tb
Terbium
Dy
Dysprosium 66 67
Ho
Holmium 68
Er
Erbium 69
Tm
Thulium 70
Yb
Ytterbium 71
Lu
Lutetium
Praseodymium Neodymium 59 60
Key
Th
Thorium
Pa
Protactinium 91 92
U
Uranium
Np
Neptunium 93
Pu
Plutonium 94
Am
Americium 95 96
Cm
Curium
Bk
Berkelium 97
Cf
Californium 98
Es
Einsteinium 99
Fm
Fermium 100
Md
No
Lr
Lawrencium 103
The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.)
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