3G Network Optimisation

Design and Optimisation of 3G Networks
Payam Taaghol Managing Director of Mycom - EMEA
Mycom International Confidential
End-to-End Network Deployment
Business Objectives and High Level Design
Management Programme Management

Preliminary Preliminary Network Network Design Design Site Acquisition, Town and Country Planning
Detailed Network Design
Site Design Design Permitting Permitting Site & & Procurement Procurement Construction Contracting Contracting Construction
Equipment Equipment I&C I&C
Pre-launch Pre-launch Performance Performance Optimisation Optimisation Acceptance Acceptance
Find Ideal Site Location
Refine Site Locations Order transmission
Design site Construction Rigging
Drive testing Network statistics
Find willing landlord Obtain planning permit Sign a rental agreement
Select subcontractors Select suppliers Order material And manage delivery
Install all equipment Meeting Key Performance Indicators Connect to network Configure and test
Step-1, Business Requirements and HLD

Theory
Expected Services and Data Rates Demand Models Mobility Models Traffic Models Staged Rollout Plan
Practice
We do not really know what services We do not know the demand We do know exactly know 3g user distribution We need coverage in big cities Why not go 384kbps and assume 60% loading? How many sites? How much? Too expensive, so lets go for 64kbps How many sites? How much? OK this is better, but our competition may go for 384kbps, why not 384kbps for? How many sites? How much? central business districts? OK lets go!
Step-1, Business Requirements and HLD

Spreadsheet Analysis
Pr op rie tar y
UMTS Network Planning for a Particular or a Mixed Bearer rate Coverage Capacity
Traffic Prediction Interference Margin Mixed Service Traffic Model Total Req. Er. HW Capacity Erlangs/Site or Sector
Uplink, Link Budgets Cell Radius
B
B/A No of Required Sites/Sectors for Coverage No of Required Sites/Sectors for Capacity
A
Capacity Enhancement Options
C
Coverage Limited
Yes
D
C>D
No
Capacity Limited
Step-1, Business Requirements and HLD Variable Rate Coverage 9 Dimensioning for 12.2kbps, 144 kbps or 384kbps? 9 The true demand for high data rate uplink access is not know 9 Variable rate coverage is reality 9 Multirate applications and services are envisaged in UMTS allowing rate changes during an active session
Higher uplink rates
Lower uplink rates
9 This will avoid over engineering the network and helps reduce the infrastructure costs
5
Step-2, Preliminary Network Planning
Programme Management
Site Preliminary Acquisition, Network Town and Design Country Planning Detailed Network Design Permitting Site Design & Procurement Contracting Construction
Equipment I&C
Pre-launch Performance Optimisation Acceptance
Carried out by radio planners commonly known as RF Engineers Using planning tools Propagation predictions based on, available, existing and ideal new site locations WE NEED A SITE HERE

Detailed planning tool based analysis Propagation Model Tuning Digital Terrain Map Clutter Maps Design guidelines OUTPUT-Search Rings or Search Area Request Forms (SARFs)
Friendly Sites Shared Sites Other Viable Structure RF Databases
Consolidation of Requirements
Preliminary RF Plan Preliminary RF Design Review (per city)
CW Testing and Model Tuning
Market Data Collection
RF Design Specifications
iPlanner
Stage-1: Preliminary Design

RF Design Acceptance Procedure
Preliminary RF Design Acceptance SARFs, Site Visits, Candidate Selection, Design Tuning, Initial Data Fill
Radio Planning Guidelines
X% of sites selected
Yes
No
Operator/Contractor
Final RF Design Review (by cluster)
Operator Jointly
Stage-2: Final Design
Final RF Design Acceptance (by cluster)

Detailed Analysis
Re qu ire
sP
Define Define system system requirements requirements
oo Capacity, Capacity, coverage, coverage, services services and and schedule schedule ls Acquire Acquire Data Data sets sets Digital Digital terrain, terrain, streets, streets, highways, highways, railways, railways, boundaries. boundaries. Subscriber Subscriber distribution. distribution. Friendly Friendly sites. sites. Detailed Detailed coverage coverage requirements. requirements. Quality, Quality, probability probability of of coverage coverage & & specific specific coverage coverage goals. goals. Detailed Detailed capacity capacity requirements. requirements. User User services services and and traffic, traffic, GoS GoS requirements requirements // blocking blocking prob. prob. Design Design analysis. analysis. Reverse Reverse and and Forward Forward links, links, capacity, capacity, coverage, coverage, best best server, server, polluter polluter and and HO HO analysis. analysis.
lan nin g

DTM
Typically 20m100m horizontal resolution 0.5m-5m resolution
10

Clutter Maps
Typically between 10-100 clutter types Resolution of 5m100m
11
Step-4, Detailed Network Plan
Equipment I&C
12
Site locations almost fixed Every site has been visited and evaluated More radio analysis Normally done per cluster of site (10-30 sites) OUTPUT- A design that meets the requirements, final site locations and type (site mix)
Friendly Sites Shared Sites Other Viable Structure RF Databases
Consolidation of Requirements
Preliminary RF Plan Preliminary RF Design Review (per city)
CW Testing and Model Tuning
Market Data Collection
RF Design Specifications
iPlanner
Stage-1: Preliminary Design

RF Design Acceptance Procedure
Preliminary RF Design Acceptance SARFs, Site Visits, Candidate Selection, Design Tuning, Initial Data Fill
Radio Planning Guidelines
X% of sites selected
Yes
No
Operator/Contractor
Final RF Design Review (by cluster)
Operator Jointly
Stage-2: Final Design
Final RF Design Acceptance (by cluster)
13

Planning Similarity and Differences
Traffic Forecasting Capacity Planning Coverage Planning Deployment Deployment Pre-launch Optimization Into Service Into Service Post-Launch Optimization Post-Launch Optimization
3G W-CDMA Process Overview
Traffic Forecasting System Coverage & Capacity Planning Design Optimization
Pre Launch Optimization
2G TDMA Process Overview
14
Step-8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization and Acceptance

Ec/Io vs. Signal Strength Ec/Io Plots Signal Strength Plots
15

Before optimisation After optimisation
Areas with pilot quality Ec/Io > -12dB from 67% to 86% 19% increase in coverage area for the same loading (60%)
16
Step-8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization and Acceptance CDMA Analysis

Cluster of Interest
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Include at least 2 tiers around the cluster of interest in all predictions and simulations. Ensure that the traffic maps and mobility models have correctly captured the clients needs. Carry out pilot dominance analysis to identify problematic areas. Focus on improving the pilot quality in problematic areas though design adjustments (tilt, azimuth, power). Carry out forward and reverse link Eb/(No+Io) analysis to ensure traffic channel quality.
First Tier
Second Tier
17
Step-8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization and Acceptance CDMA Analysis

6. 7. 8. 9.
Analyse handover regions. Analyse and minimise pilot pollution. Increase system load in steps to identify capacity limits. Push the interference out of the dense and high traffic areas into rural areas.
Clutter Dense Urban
Urban
Suburban
Rural
Roads
Traffic High Medium Low High Medium Low High Medium Low High Medium Low High Medium Low
Service Area 100% 100% 98% 100% 98% 95% 100% 95% 85% 100% 95% 75% 100% 100% 95%
Area percentage Ec/Io > min Ec/Io
18
Step-8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization and Acceptance Dominance

9
Ec/Io dominance provides an overview of the design quality. It also provides an indication as to where to focus design optimisation effort.
19
Step-8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization and Acceptance Pilot Quality

9
A stronger signal does not necessarily mean better quality. Pilot Ec/Io is effectively determines the cell boundaries. Facing sectors should be avoided. Sites above 20m should be carefully investigated. Typical target Ec/Io values range between 16 to 12.
20
Step-8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization and Acceptance Pilot of Polluters

9
A polluter transmitter is a transmitter that meets all criteria to enter in activeset but is not admitted due to the active-set limit size. If there are more cells in the active set than the available RAKE fingers, slipover cells will act as interferes and are referred to as polluters. 1-2 pilot polluters are deemed acceptable.
21

Soft Handover Plots Ec/Io
Pilot Pollution Eb/No
22
Equipment I&C
23
Default Parameter Settings
Bring a site live Test live site against plans Drive test and make test calls Analyze test calls Make changes Drive test again Carry out acceptance testing OUTPUT- Tuned network that meets the set performance targets for launch
Cluster Performance Evaluation
Site Integrated and Commissioned + Shakedown
Cluster Testing
Antenna and Azimuth
x% of the sites in cluster Ready?
No
Yes
Modification Request (SW/HW) Change
Yes
Code Plan (CP) Neighbour List (NL) etc. Generate Datafill or Data Transcript Review & Verify Datafill Datafill Upload Site on Air (Barred)
Stage-2
No
Acceptance Testing Acceptance Report Acceptance Procedures
Stage-3
Cluster Acceptance
Parameter Changes
Data Processing and Analysis
Operator/Contractor
Cluster in Commercial Service Performance Monitoring and Performance Management
Operator Operator/Contractor
Stage-1
Commercial Service
Procedures/Guidelines
24
Optimisation Procedures
What do we optimize?
25

Some Optimization parameters
9 Coverage probability (based on Ec/Io [correlated signal

strength of pilot channel])
9 Call blocking probability 9 Call drop rate 9 Call completion success rate 9 Variable data rate performance 9 Throughput at the edge of the cell (PS and CS bearers) 9 End-to-end packet delay transfers 9 Cell search time 9 Inter-cell handover success rate 9 Intersystem (UMTSGSM and UMTSGPRS [general packet
radio service]) handover/cell reselection success rate
26
Not all parameters have the same importance with different operators.
27

Artificial Loading Conditions
9 In the absence of a large subscriber base, how would we optimize

UMTS?
The truth is that most optimisation issues will not be evident in early
UMTS life until the subscriber base grows.
This does not mean we have to wait until we hit a problem. Artificial loading in the form of noise can be generated at the receiver
(both Node-B and UE) to emulate increased interference.
28

Ongoing Optimization Issues
9 Better designs require less optimisation. 9 With all the uncertainties in respect to the mix of services and
loading UMTS would require a long an on-going optimisation period.
9 CDMA optimisation is more exhaustive as it happens as cell,

cluster and inter-cluster level.
9 With significantly smaller cell radii than GSM, controlling the

interference becomes an important issue.
9 Advanced interference management algorithm using the outer

loop power control provisions of UMTS would be in great demand.
9 Cell breathing has to be controlled in order to avoid an increased

handover failure rate or an increased other-cell interference.
9 Optimisation tools are in release- correct operation to be

confirmed.
9 QoS is an end-to-end measure. Tools that can analyse access,
29
Dead Dead Zone Zone size size depend depend on: on: - Geometry Geometry of of the the cells. cells.
- Minimum Minimum Coupling Coupling Loss Loss (MCL (MCL dependant dependant on on antenna antenna radiation radiation pattern) pattern) - Adjacent Adjacent Channel Channel Selectivity Selectivity (UE (UE ACS ACS >= >= 33dB) 33dB) - Adjacent Adjacent Channel Channel Leakage Leakage power power Ratio Ratio (UE (UE ACLR ACLR >= >= 33@5 33@5 & & 43@10 43@10 MHz) MHz)
(BS (BS ACLR ACLR >= >= 45@5 45@5 & & 50@10 50@10 MHz) MHz)
Operator A
Operator A Subscriber
Operator B
Operator A Coverage
Dead Zone
~ 100m for 1Km cell 30
9 TEMS Investigation-WCDMA tool

with Qualcomm UE real-time air-interface test tool Ability to tune and optimize WCDMA
networks
UE-based measurements for

verification of true terminal behavior
Verification of cell coverage, capacity,

accessibility, etc.
Troubleshooting capabilities System verification of trial systems
9 TEMS Scanner-system verification

and troubleshooting CPICH scanner-Scanning received
power of Scrambling code
SCH scanner-scanning received power

of SCH
31
Drive Test Set up
9 Equipment 9 Anritsu Scanner 9 2 x Samsung Z105 mobile

phones with Qualcom Chipset
9 CF29 Tough book PC.
32
33
34

Capacity Growth
9Increased Sectorisation
Antenna patterns are not perfect and will result in increased interference
9Reduced cell radius

Increased number of sites / equipment hence increased infrastructure cost
9Use of enhanced technologies

Transmit diversity: Fairly easy, planned for phase-1 Intelligent antenna: Technology not mature enough Multiuser Detectors: Technology not mature enough
35
Performance Management Breaking through the silos

E2E Optimization (user experience)
Expansion
OPEX Trade off CAPEX Trade off Features and Upgrades Performance Requirement Customer Feedback Core Network Transport Network Statistics & Call Trace Drive Testing & Benchmarking Network Performance Monitoring & Analysis End user Views Trade off Analysis- Advanced Performance Management Tools
Analysis and Recommendation 36
Corrective Decision
Recommendation Report
Example Tasks
Site Rationalization
Transmission Rationalization
Thank You
37

3G Network Optimisation

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3G Network Optimisation

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Design and Optimisation of 3G Networks

Payam Taaghol Managing Director of Mycom - EMEA

Mycom International Confidential

End-to-End Network Deployment

Business Objectives and High Level Design

Management Programme Management

Equipment Equipment I&C I&C

Pre-launch Pre-launch Performance Performance Optimisation Optimisation Acceptance Acceptance

Find Ideal Site Location

Refine Site Locations Order transmission

Design site Construction Rigging

Drive testing Network statistics

Find willing landlord Obtain planning permit Sign a rental agreement

Select subcontractors Select suppliers Order material And manage delivery

Mycom International Confidential

Step-1, Business Requirements and HLD

Mycom International Confidential

Step-1, Business Requirements and HLD

Uplink, Link Budgets Cell Radius

Mycom International Confidential

Higher uplink rates

Lower uplink rates

Mycom International Confidential

Step-2, Preliminary Network Planning

Business Objectives and High Level Design

Pre-launch Performance Optimisation Acceptance

Mycom International Confidential

Step-2, Preliminary Network Planning

Mycom International Confidential

Step-2, Preliminary Network Planning

Friendly Sites Shared Sites Other Viable Structure RF Databases

Preliminary RF Plan Preliminary RF Design Review (per city)

CW Testing and Model Tuning

Market Data Collection

Stage-1: Preliminary Design

Radio Planning Guidelines

Final RF Design Review (by cluster)

Stage-2: Final Design

Final RF Design Acceptance (by cluster)

Mycom International Confidential

Step-2, Preliminary Network Planning

 Define Define system system requirements requirements    

Step-2, Preliminary Network Planning

Mycom International Confidential

Step-2, Preliminary Network Planning

Mycom International Confidential

Step-4, Detailed Network Plan

Business Objectives and High Level Design

Pre-launch Performance Optimisation Acceptance

Mycom International Confidential

Step-4, Detailed Network Plan

Friendly Sites Shared Sites Other Viable Structure RF Databases

Preliminary RF Plan Preliminary RF Design Review (per city)

CW Testing and Model Tuning

Market Data Collection

Stage-1: Preliminary Design

Radio Planning Guidelines

Final RF Design Review (by cluster)

Stage-2: Final Design

Final RF Design Acceptance (by cluster)

Mycom International Confidential

Step-2, Preliminary Network Planning

Traffic Forecasting System Coverage & Capacity Planning Design Optimization

Pre Launch Optimization

Define Define system system requirements requirements