Haveles: Applied Pharmacology for the Dental Hygienist, 5th Edition Test Bank Chapter 23: Emergency Drugs

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following are reasons why the chance of an emergency occurring in the dental office continues to increase? a The average age of the dental patient has increased. . b Dental offices are administering more complicated regimens. . c Dental appointments are taking longer than they used to. . d Dental patients are, on average, getting sicker. . e All of the above. . ANS: E Correct: All statements are correct. REF: p. 410 2. Which of the following are methods of minimizing emergencies in the dental office? a Taking a complete patient history . b Training of personnel . c Posting the telephone numbers for the closest physician, emergency room, and . ambulance service d Having a well-stocked and up-to-date emergency kit. . ANS: A Correct: Taking a complete patient history can minimize and prevent emergencies. Incorrect choices: Others are measures to take in case of an emergency but not to prevent an emergency. REF: pp. 410411 3. Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) training is: a Necessary for all staff
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Test Bank . b . c . d . e .

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Necessary if the office is in a rural setting Necessary if the office performs conscious sedation Not necessary for a dentists office None of the above

ANS: C Correct: ACLS training is required for personnel in dentists offices where preoperative or conscious sedation is performed. REF: pp. 410411 4. The most important component in the treatment of syncope is: a Placing the patient in the Trendelenburg position . b Exhibiting confidence in action and voice . c Administering spirits of ammonia by inhalation . d Placing the patients head between their legs . ANS: B Correct: If the hygienist shows control over the situation, the patient will be less anxious and apprehensive. REF: pp. 411412 5. For an asthma attack unresponsive to topical 2-agonist administration, what treatment recourse does the dental office have available? a Parenteral or oral aminophylline . b Parenteral corticosteroids . c Parenteral epinephrine . d Inhaled oxygen .

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Test Bank ANS: D Correct: For an asthma attack unresponsive to topical 2-agonist, hospitalization should be considered for subsequent drug treatment. However, oxygen can and should be administered by the office. Incorrect choices: Others should be considered at the hospital rather than the dentists office. REF: p. 413 6. All of the following are indicated for management of acute airway obstruction except one. Which is the exception? a Placing the patient in a Trendelenburg position . b Clearing the pharynx and pulling the tongue forward . c Allowing the patient to sit upright . d Administering the Heimlich maneuver . e Performing cricothyrotomy . ANS: C Correct: Allowing the patient with acute airway obstruction to sit up is contraindicated. Incorrect choices: Others are all measures that may be used to dislodge an acute airway obstruction. REF: p. 413 7. Symptoms that differentiate myocardial infarction from angina pectoris include: a Heaviness in the chest . b Pain that radiates across the chest to other parts of the body . c Pain unrelieved by nitroglycerin . d Rapid pulse . ANS: C

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Test Bank

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Correct: Anginal pain is generally relieved by administration of nitroglycerin. If 3 doses of nitroglycerin do not relieve the pain, then myocardial infarction is strongly suspected. REF: p. 414 8. Tepid baths and aspirin are indicated for: a Myocardial infarction . b Thyroid storm . c Acute adrenocortical insufficiency . d All of the above . e None of the above . ANS: B Correct: One symptom of thyroid storm is hyperpyrexia. To reduce body temperature, aspirin and tepid baths are indicated. Incorrect choices: An aspirin tablet is indicated for myocardial infarction, but not a tepid bath. Neither aspirin nor tepid bath is indicated for acute adrenocortical insufficiency. REF: pp. 413415 9. The following are accepted treatments for malignant hyperthermia, except one. Which is the exception? a Succinylcholine . b Baths and aspirin . c Dantrolene . d Fluid replacement . e Sodium bicarbonate . ANS: A Correct: Succinylcholine is an agent that may precipitate malignant hyperthermia, not treat it. Incorrect choices: Others are all accepted methods of managing malignant

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Test Bank hyperthermia. REF: p. 415 10. The drug of choice for opioid overdose is: a Intravenous diphenhydramine . b Prochlorperazine . c Naloxone . d Flumazenil . ANS: C Correct: Naloxone is an opioid receptor antagonist which can specifically reverse the actions of the opioids. Incorrect choices: Diphenhydramine is not a treatment of choice for opioid overdose, although it might reverse some of its actions. Prochlorperazine is not a treatment of choice for opioid overdose and may exacerbate the symptoms. Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist and would probably not influence the opioid overdose one way or the other. REF: p. 415 11. Toxic reactions to epinephrine occur most often after the placement of a gingival retraction cord. The treatment of choice is to administer an adrenergic receptor antagonist. a Both statements are true. . b Both statements are false. . c The first statement is true; the second is false. . d The first statement is false; the second is true. .

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ANS: C Correct: The treatment of choice is to remove the retraction cord and reassure the patient. In a calm patient, the epinephrine will be metabolized, and the episode will not precipitate the release of endogenous epinephrine.

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Test Bank REF: p. 416 TRUE/FALSE 1. Drugs are not necessary for the proper management of most emergencies. ANS: T Correct: The use of drug therapy is only ancillary to the primary measures of maintaining adequate circulation and respiration. REF: p. 411 2. The drug of choice for anaphylactic shock is sublingual or intramuscular injection of epinephrine. ANS: T REF: p. 413

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