Abstract :

Helminthes infections are the most common health problem in India, in developing countries; they pose a large treat to public. The infection can affect most population in endemic areas with major economic &social consequences. The plant vernonia anthelmintica is a species of perennial herb belongs to Asteraceae (composite) family. The different part being traditionally used in rheumatism as stomachic, tonic, diuretic, scorpion sting, skin diseases. The present study was undertaken to evaluate Anthelmintic activity of seeds of plant vernonia anthelmintica. The hydro-alcoholic extract using an adult Indian earthworm, pheretima posthuma as a test worm. Four concentrations (25, 50, 75&100 mg/ml) of the extract were studied in the bioassay which involved the determination of time of paralysis &time of death of the worm. Albendazole in concentration was used as stander

references & normal saline water as control. The result of present study indicate that the hydro-alcoholic extract significantly demonstrated paralysis & also can used death of worm in dose dependent manner.

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Introduction :
The world Health Organization estimates that a staggering two billion people herbor parasitic worm infection. Parasitic worm also infect livestock & crops, affecting food production with a resultant economic impact. Despite this prevalence of parasitic infection, the research on the Anthelmintic drag is sparse. According to the WHO only a few drags are used in treatment of helminther in humans. Anthelmintic from natural source could pay a key role in the treatment of these parasite infections. Development of resistance to most of the commercially available Anthelmintic become a severe problem worldwide [1]Helminthes infection are commonly found I community &being rewgnized as cause of much acute as well as chronic illness among the various human being as well as cattles more than half of the population of the world suffers from various types of infection [2] In the current study we have attempted to investigate extract of vernonia anthelmintica for its Anthelmintic activity as it contains tannins & Flavonoids which are responsible for Anthelmintic activity[3] Syn- centratherum anthelminticum Biological- it consist of dried whole herb of vernonia anthelmintica Family- Asteraceae(compositae) MorpholgyAppearance Occurs as perennial herb Stem is Erect slightly branahed, herbaceous, cylindrical, ribbed &hairy. Root- Tp root Leaf are Simple, alternate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, oper ocute Flowers are - Bisexual, linear, lanceolate forming a companulate or hemispherical. Fruit are- (Achenial) cypsela crowned with hairy pappus. Chemical constituents - the seed contains n alkaloid called vernonine, fixed oil (18%), a very small amount of volatile oil & resin. It also contains vernosterol & avenasterol.
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Uses- 1. Seeds are used as powerful Anthelmintic (thread worms & round worms) & diuretic. 2. Seeds are also used as stomachic, tonic, diuretic. 3. The drug is also used in rheumatism swrpiontring & skin diseases.

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Material & Method :

Plant material : The plant specimens for the proposed study taken by local market (karad)

Preparation of Extract : The seeds of plant Vernonia anthelmintica were dried, crushed to produce Coarse powder & subjected to successively extraction i.e. hydro-alcoholic extract were obtained by maceration for 24 hours. The extract was double filtered by using muslin cloth & what man no.1 filter paper & concentrated by evaporations. Photochemical Evaluation of the crude Extract preliminary photochemical screening was carried out by standard methods [4]. The screening covered mainly alkaloids, glycosides, sterols, Flavonoids, saponins, tonics. The presences of phytoconstituents are reported in Table No 1.

Animals : Indian adult earth worm Pheretima posthuma collected from moist soil & washed with normal saline to remove all fecal matter were used for the Anthelmintic study. The earth worms were used for all experimental protocols die to its anatomical & physiological resemblance with intestinal round worms parasite of human beings.

Drugs & Chemical : Hydro-alcoholic extract of seeds of plant Vernonia anthelmintica were investigated for their Anthelmintic activity against Pheretima posthuma various concentration (25, 50, 75&100mglml) of extract tested in the bioassay, which involved determination of time of paralysis & time of death of the worms. Albendazole was included as standard

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reference &saline water as control. The Anthelmintic assay was carried as per the method of( Ajaiyeoba et.a1.2001) with minor modification .The assay was performed on adult Indian earthworm, Pheretima posthuma due to its anatomical & physiological resemblance with the intestinal roundworm parasite of human beings [6] Because of easy availability , earthworm have been used widely for the initial evaluation of Anthelmintic compound in vitro [7]. In the first set of experiment 3 groups of an earthworm were released in to 25ml of solution of Albendazole. The remaining groups were treated for different concentration of exact. All drugs and extract solution were freshly prepared before starting the experiment. Albendazole was used as reference standard while saline water as control. Observations were made for the time taken to paralysis & death of individual worms. Time for paralysis was noted when no movement of any sort could be observed expect when the worms were shaken vigorously. Death was concluded when the worms lost their motility followed with fading away of their body colours.

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Result & Discussion :

Table1: Preliminary photochemical screening of vernonia anthelmintica.

Phytochemicals

Hydro-alcoholic extract of vernonia anthelmintica

Alkaloid Glycosides Saponins Steroids Flavonoids Tannins Phenolic Compound

+ + +

(+) indicate present and (-) indicate absent. Table 2 : Anthelmintic activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of vernonia

anthelmintica and Albendazole. Sr. no. Treatment Time taken for paralysis Concentration & death of worms in min mglml 1. 2. Control(DW) Albendazole(slandered) 25 3. Hydro-alcoholic 50 75 100 15.39+ 12.35 10.12 7.58 22.55 20.42 16.30 12.40 Paralysis Death -

All values represent mean + SD; n=3 in each group comparison made between standard versus treated a groups.

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Conclusion :
In could be concluded & confirmed that the hydro-alcoholic extract of seeds of plant Vernonia Anthelmintic have Anthelmintic activity on dose dependent manner when comparable with standard drugs, which is effective against parasitic infection of humans. Further, in future it is necessary to indentify & isolate the possible active phytoconstituents responsible for the Anthelmintic activity & study its pharmacological actions.

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References:
1. Waller PJ, Thamsbrg SM Nematode control in green ruminant production systems. Trends Prasitol 2004; 20; 493-497 2. Chaturvedi M, Dwivedis, Dwivedi A, Barpete PK,sachan formulation & evaluation of polyherbal Anthelmintic preparation Ethnobotanical Leaflets.2009;13:329-331. 3. Niezen JH, waghorn GC, Charleston WAG. Growth & gastrointestinal nematode parasitism in lambs grazing either Lucerne (Medic ago sativa) or Sulla (Hedy sarum coronarium), which contains condensed tannins. J Agri Sci 1995; 125:281-289. 4. Khandelwal K.R. practical pharmacognosy 16th edition pune; Niral; Prakashan; 2006. 5. Ajaiyeoba Eo,onocha PA, olarenwaju OT, in vitro Anthelmintic properties of Buchholzia coriaceae & Gynandropsis gynandra extract pharma Boil.2001;39:217-220 6. Sallaman T, Anthelmintic: their efficacy as tested on earthworms J pharmacol Exp. The 1981; 12:129-170 7. Jain ML, Jain S.R. Therapeutic utility of oscimum basilicum var album planta Med 1972;22:66-70 8. Kirtikar & Basu, Indian Material plants, vol-II,2003,1325-1328 9. The wealth of India, A dictionary of Indian row materials & industrial product, (Row Meterial-volm x: sp-w) 2005 P.N.448-450. 10. Dr. Nadkarni K.M, Indian Materia Medica, volume-I,1982,P.N12671270

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