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The APA 5th edition requires specific formatting techniques. The following areas indicate
where usage errors are most commonly found in students’ papers. The page number in
the APA 5th edition is included to allow you to refer to it for more detail.
Title Page
The title page includes a page number in the header. The header should include
two or three words from the title, then five spaces, and then the page number.
Refer to page 296.
Headings
References
The reference page follows the text and should list all in-text citations. For
instance, if you have five different citations within the text, you should have the
same five references listed on the reference page. (Refer to pages 207-214 for
citation formatting guidelines.)
• Watch reference indentations–the first line is flush left with remaining lines
of the reference indented five spaces.
• Double-space the entire list.
Refer to page 219 for specifics regarding how to arrange reference listings and
page 313 regarding how your finished reference page should appear.
Properly cited sources add to the researcher’s credibility. Various citation forms
are used when quoting an author’s exact words. Following are explanations and
examples of different types of quotations used in APA.
Quotations
To properly cite a quotation, you must provide the page number(s). With some
sources, you will also need to include the chapter, figure, table, or equation.
Refer to pages 213-214. When citing electronic sources that do not provide page
numbers, use either the paragraph symbol or the abbreviation para. Refer to
page 120.
Short quotations consist of fewer than 40 words, are incorporated into the text,
and are enclosed by quotation marks. If a quotation ends the sentence, the
punctuation goes outside the in-text citation. If the quotation occurs mid-
sentence, then end the passage with quotation marks, cite the source in
parentheses immediately after the quotation marks, and continue the sentence.
Refer to page 121.
For a block quotation, which contains more than 40 words, insert the final
punctuation mark, and then cite the source in parentheses. Do not use quotation
marks. Refer to pages 117-121.
Emphasizing Words
Italicize key terms or technical terms and labels for emphasis. Do not put the
terms in quotation marks. Refer to page 100.
Seriation
When omitting material from the original source, use three spaced periods
(ellipsis points) within a sentence, and use four points between two sentences.
The ellipsis includes spaces between periods (. . .). Refer to page 119.
Itemized Conclusions
Use Arabic numerals rather than bullets for itemizing conclusions or procedural
steps. Refer to pages 116-117.
Common Knowledge
Generally, tables are used to display numbers, and figures are used to display
graphics. Both tables and figures are more commonly used in dissertations than
in other types of formal written assignments. Refer to pages 147-201.
References