Ch.06 Structural Analysis

2/13/2013
Engineering Mechanics Statics
6.01
Structural Analysis
6.02
Structural Analysis
Chapter Objectives To show how to determine the forces in the members of a truss using the method of joints and the method of sections To analyze the forces acting on the members of frames and machines composed of pin-connected members
06. Structural Analysis
HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
6.03
Structural Analysis
6.04
Structural Analysis
1. Simple Trusses - Truss: a structure composed of slender members joined together at their end points - The members are usually wooden struts or metal bars - Planar trusses lie in a single plane and are often used to support roofs and bridges - The roof load is transmitted to the truss at the joints by means of a series of purlins (x g)
1. Simple Trusses - The analysis of the forces developed in the truss members will be two-dimensional - In the case of a bridge, the load on the deck is first transmitted to stringers, then to floor beams, and finally to the joints of the two supporting side trusses - The bridge truss loading is also coplanar
Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
6.05
Structural Analysis
6.06
Structural Analysis
1. Simple Trusses - Force analysis of a truss: determine the forces in each truss member when the truss is subjected to a given loading - Assumption for design All loadings are applied at the joints The weight of the truss members is neglected The members are joined together by smooth pins
1. Simple Trusses The joint connections are usually formed by bolting or welding the ends of the members to a common plate, called a gusset plate, or by simply passing a large bolt or pin through each of the members
The force acting at each end of the member is directed along the axis of the member + If this tends to elongate the member, it is a tensile force + If it tends to shorten the member, it is a compressive force
HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien
2/13/2013
6.07
Structural Analysis
6.08
Structural Analysis
1. Simple Trusses - Simple trusses A simple truss is a planar truss which begins with a triangular element and can be expanded by adding two members and a joint The number of members, , and the number of joints, , are related by the equation = 2 3
2. The Method of Joints - If the entire truss is in equilibrium, then each of its joints is also in equilibrium - The method of joints Draw a free-body diagram of the whole truss and determine the support reactions (using scalar equations of equilibrium) Draw the free-body diagram diagram of a joint with one or two unknowns Apply the scalar equations of equilibrium = 0 = 0 to determine the unknown(s) Repeat steps 2 and 3 at each joint in succession until all forces are determined
Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
6.09
Structural Analysis
6.10
Structural Analysis
2. The Method of Joints - For example, consider the pin at joint of the truss Three forces act on the pin: the 500 force and the forces exerted by members and is pulling on the pin, which means that member is in tension is pushing on the pin, and consequently member is in compression
2. The Method of Joints - When using the method of joints, always start at a joint having at least one known force and at most two unknown forces and can be solved to determine the two unknowns - The correct sense of an unknown member force can be determined using one of two possible methods - The correct sense of direction of an unknown member force can be determined by inspection - Assume the unknown member forces acting on the joints freebody diagram to be in tension
Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
6.11
Structural Analysis
6.12
Structural Analysis
2. The Method of Joints - Example 6.1 Determine the force in each member of the truss and indicate whether the members are in tension or compression Solution Joint + = 0: 500 450 = 0 + = 0: 450 = 0
= 707.1, = 500 Joint + = 0: + 707.1450 = 0 + = 0: 707.1450 = 0 = 500, = 500
HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien
2. The Method of Joints Joint + = 0: 500 = 0 + = 0: 500 = 0

= 500, = 500 Note: The free-body diagram of each joint shows the effects of all the connected members and external forces applied to the joint
Nguyen Tan Tien
2/13/2013
6.13
Structural Analysis
6.14
Structural Analysis
2. The Method of Joints - Example 6.2 Determine the force in each member of the truss and indicate if the members are in tension or compression Solution Joint + = 0: 450 400 = 0 + = 0: 450 = 0 = 565.69, = 400 Joint + = 0: 150 400300 = 0 0 + = 0: 15 400300 = 0 = 772.74, = 1092.82
2. The Method of Joints = 565.69 = 400 = 772.74 = 1092.82
Joint + = 0: 772.74450 = 0 + = 0: 772.74450 + = 0 = 546, = 546

6.15
Structural Analysis
6.16
Structural Analysis
2. The Method of Joints
- Example 6.3 Determine the force in each member of the truss and indicate whether the members are in tension or compression Solution Free-body diagram Support reactions + = 0: + 600 = 0 + = 0: 400 = 0
+ = 0: 6 + 400 3 +600 4 = 0 = 600, = 200, = 600
Joint
+ = 0: 600 5 = 0 + = 0:
3 750 5 4
=0
= 750 (C), = 450 (T) Joint + = 0: 450 + 5 + 600 = 0 + = 0: 5 (250) = 0 = 250 (C), = 200 (C) Joint + = 0: 600 = 0 = 600 (C)
Nguyen Tan Tien
6.17
Structural Analysis
6.18
Structural Analysis
3. Zero-Force Members - Zero-force member: member support no loading - If they are not needed why do we see them in structures? Used to increase the stability of the truss during construction and to provide added support for various different loading conditions - Can generally be found by inspection of each of the joints
Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
2/13/2013
6.19
Structural Analysis
6.20
Structural Analysis
3. Zero-Force Members - Example
Consider the truss At Joint , it is seen that and are zero-force members + = 0: = 0 + = 0: = 0
At Joint , it is seen that and are zero-force members + = 0: = 0 + = 0: = 0 If only two members form a truss joint and no external load or support reaction is applied to the joint, the two members must be zero-force members
3. Zero-Force Members - Example: Now consider the truss At Joint , it is seen that is zeroforce members + = 0: = 0 + = 0: = At Joint , it is seen that is zeroforce members + = 0: = 0 + = 0: = If three members form a truss joint for which two of the members are collinear, the third member is a zero-force member provided no external force or support reaction is applied to the joint
6.21
Structural Analysis
6.22
Structural Analysis
3. Zero-Force Members - Example 6.4 Using the method of joints, determine all the zero-force members of the Fink roof truss. Assume all joints are pin connected Solution The joint geometries that have three members for which two are collinear: Joint + = 0: = 0 is a zero-force member the 5 load at must be supported by , , , Joint + = 0: = 0 Joint + = 0: = 0
Fundamental Problems - F6.1 Determine the force in each member of the truss. State if the members are in tension or compression
Nguyen Tan Tien
6.23
Structural Analysis
6.24
Structural Analysis
Fundamental Problems - F6.3 Determine the force in members and . State if the members are in tension or compression
Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
2/13/2013
6.25
Structural Analysis
6.26
Structural Analysis
Fundamental Problems - F6.4 Determine the greatest load that can be applied to the truss so that none of the members are subjected to a force exceeding either 2 in tension or 1.5 in compression
Fundamental Problems - F6.5 Identify the zero-force members in the truss
Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
6.27
Structural Analysis
6.28
Structural Analysis
4. The Method of Sections - When we need to find the force in only a few members of a truss we can analyze the truss using the method of sections - This method is based on the principle that if the truss is in equilibrium then any segment of the truss is also in equilibrium - If the forces within the members are to be determined, then an imaginary section can be used to cut each member into two parts
Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
6.29
Structural Analysis
6.30
Structural Analysis
4. The Method of Sections - The method of sections can also be used to cut or section the members of an entire truss - For example, consider the truss If the forces in members , , are to be determined, then section would be appropriate - The free-body diagrams of the two segments are then
4. The Method of Sections - Members and are assumed to be in tension since they are subjected to a pull, whereas in compression since it is subjected to a push
- The three unknown member forces , , and can be obtained by applying the three equilibrium equations of the segments - The three support reactions , and can be obtained by considering a free-body diagram of the entire truss
Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
2/13/2013
6.31
Structural Analysis
6.32
Structural Analysis
4. The Method of Sections - Method of sections Where to make the cut? + where you need to determine forces, and + where the total number of unknowns does not exceed three Decide which side of the cut truss will be easier to work with (minimize the number unknowns) Determine any necessary support reactions by drawing the free-body diagram of the entire truss Draw the free-body diagram of the selected part of the cut truss. We need to indicate the unknown forces at the cut members Apply the equations of equilibrium to the selected cut section to solve for the unknown member forces
4. The Method of Sections - Example 6.5 Determine the force in members , , and of the truss. Indicate whether the members are in tension or compression Solution Support Reactions + = 0: 400 = 0 + = 0: 1200 + = 0 + = 0: 1200 8 400 3 + 12 = 0 = 400, = 300, = 900 To determine the force in members , , and of the truss, section has been chosen since it cuts through the three members whose forces are to be determined
6.33
Structural Analysis
6.34
Structural Analysis
4. The Method of Sections Free-Body Diagram: for the analysis the free-body diagram of the left portion of the sectioned truss will be used, since it involves the least number of forces Equations of equilibrium + = 0: 300 5 = 0 + = 0: 300 4 400 3 + 3 = 0 + = 0: 300 8 + 3 = 0 = 800(T) = 800(C) = 500(T)
3
4. The Method of Sections - Example 6.6 Determine the force in member of the truss. Indicate whether the member is in tension or compression. Assume each member is pin connected Solution Free-body diagram Equations of equilibrium + = 0: 450 12 +3 8 4.75 4 = 0 = 0.589(C)
Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
6.35
Structural Analysis
6.36
Structural Analysis
4. The Method of Sections - Example 6.7 Determine the force in member of the roof truss. Indicate whether the member is in tension or compression Solution Free-body diagram Equations of equilibrium + = 0: 300 3300 = 0 + = 0: 2 3300 1 = 0
+ = 0: 1 4 + 3 2 4 4 + 300 4 = 0 = 3 (C) = 2 (T) = 3 (C)
Fundamental Problems - F6.7 Determine the force in members , , and . State if the members are in tension or compression
Nguyen Tan Tien
2/13/2013
6.37
Structural Analysis
6.38
Structural Analysis
Fundamental Problems - F6.8 Determine the force in members , , and of the Pratt truss. State if the members are in tension or compression
Fundamental Problems - F6.9 Determine the force in members , , and of the Pratt truss. State if the members are in tension or compression
Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
6.39
Structural Analysis
6.40
Structural Analysis
Fundamental Problems - F6.10 Determine the force in members , , and of the truss. State if the members are in tension or compression
Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
6.41
Structural Analysis
6.42
Structural Analysis
5. Space Trusses - A space truss consists of members joined together at their ends to form a stable three-dimensional structure
The simplest form of a space truss is a tetrahedron, formed by connecting six members together
Typical roof-supporting space truss. Notice the use of ball-and socket joints for the connections
For economic reasons, large electrical transmission towers are often constructed using space trusses
Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
2/13/2013
6.43
Structural Analysis
6.44
Structural Analysis
5. Space Trusses - Assumptions for Design The members of a space truss may be treated as two-force members provided the external loading is applied at the joints and the joints consist of ball-and-socket connections These assumptions are justified if the welded or bolted connections of the joined members intersect at a common point and the weight of the members can be neglected In cases where the weight of a member is to be included in the analysis, it is generally satisfactory to apply it as a vertical force, half of its magnitude applied at each end of the member
5. Space Trusses - Example 6.8 Determine the forces acting in the members of the space truss. Indicate whether the members are in tension or compression Solution Since there are one known force and three unknown forces acting at joint , the force analysis of the truss will begin at this joint = 4 = = = = (0.577 + 0.577 0.577)
Nguyen Tan Tien
6.45
Structural Analysis
6.46
Structural Analysis
5. Space Trusses
Joint
For equilibrium = 0 + + + = 0 0.577 + 4 + + 0.557 + 0.557 = 0 = 0, = 0, = 4 (T) Joint Equations of equilibrium + = 0: 450 + 0.707 = 0 + = 0: 4 450 = 0 + = 0: 2 + 0.707 = 0 = 5.66(T), = 5.66(T) = 2(C)
6. Frames and Machines - Frames are generally stationary and support external loads - Machines contain moving parts and are designed to alter the effect of forces - Frames and machines have at least one multi-force member. (Recall that trusses have two-force members)
Nguyen Tan Tien
6.47
Structural Analysis
6.48
Structural Analysis
6. Frames and Machines - Analysis of Frames and Machines Draw the free-body diagram of the frame or machine and its members Develop a strategy to apply the equations of equilibrium to solve for the unknowns
6. Frames and Machines - Example 6.9 Draw the free-body diagram of (a) each member, (b) the pin at , and (c) the two members connected together Solution (b)
(a)
(c)
Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
2/13/2013
6.49
Structural Analysis
6.50
Structural Analysis
6. Frames and Machines - Example 6.10 A constant tension in the conveyor belt is maintained by using the device. Draw the free-body diagrams of the frame and the cylinder that the belt surrounds. The suspended block has a weight of Solution
6. Frames and Machines - Example 6.11 Draw the free-body diagrams of (a) the entire frame including the pulleys and cords, (b) the frame without the pulleys and cords, and (c) each of the pulleys Solution
or
Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
6.51
Structural Analysis
6.52
Structural Analysis
6. Frames and Machines - Example 6.12 Draw the free-body diagrams of the bucket and the vertical boom of the backhoe shown in the photo. The bucket and its contents have a weight . Neglect the weight of the members Solution
6. Frames and Machines - Example 6.13 Draw the free-body diagram of each part of the smooth piston and link mechanism used to crush recycled cans Solution
Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
6.53
Structural Analysis
6.54
Structural Analysis
6. Frames and Machines - Example 6.14 Determine the horizontal and vertical components of force which the pin at exerts on member of the frame Solution Free-body diagram Equations of equilibrium + = 0: 600 = 0 + = 0: 600 2000 + = 0
+ = 0: 2000 2 600 4 = 0 = 1154.7, = 577, = 1000 Note: we can applying equilibrium equations for each member
6. Frames and Machines - Example 6.15 The compound beam is pin connected at . Determine the components of reaction at its supports. Neglect its weight and thickness Solution Free-body diagram Equations of equilibrium Segment + = 0: = 0 + = 0: 8 + = 0
+ = 0: 8 1 + 2 = 0
Nguyen Tan Tien
2/13/2013
6.55
Structural Analysis
6.56
Structural Analysis
6. Frames and Machines Segment + = 0: = 0 + = 0: 8 + = 0 + = 0: 8 1 + 2 = 0 Segment + = 0: 10 5 + = 0 + = 0: 10 = 0 + = 0:

4 5 4 10 5 2+ 4 = 0 3
6. Frames and Machines - Example 6.16 A 500 elevator car is being hoisted by motor using the pulley system shown. If the car is traveling with a constant speed, determine the force developed in the two cables. Neglect the mass of the cable and pulleys Solution Free-body diagram Equations of equilibrium for pulley + = 0: 2 21 = 0 for the elevator car + = 0: 3 81 = 0 1 +2 2 5009. 1 = 701.71, 2 = 1401
= 6 , = 12 = 0, = 4 = 4 = 32
Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
6.57
Structural Analysis
6.58
Structural Analysis
6. Frames and Machines - Example 6.17 The smooth disk is pinned at and has a weight of 20. Neglecting the weights of the other members, determine the horizontal and vertical components of reaction at pins and Solution Free-body diagram Support Reactions + = 0: = 0 + = 0: 90 = 0 + = 0: 90 0.9 + 1 = 0 = 81, = 90, = 81
6. Frames and Machines Member + = 0: 81 = 0 + = 0: 90 + = 0 + = 0: 90 1.8 + 0.9 = 0 = 81, = 90, = 180 Disk + = 0: = 0 + = 0: 180 90 = 0 = 0, = 90
Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
6.59
Structural Analysis
6.60
Structural Analysis
6. Frames and Machines - Example 6.18 Determine the tension in the cables and also the force required to support the 600 force using the frictionless pulley system Solution Free-body diagram Equations of equilibrium for pulley + = 0: 3 600 = 0
for pulley + = 0: 2 = 0 for pulley + = 0: 2 = 0 = 200, = 400, = 800
6. Frames and Machines - Example 6.19 The two planks are connected together by cable and a smooth spacer . Determine the reactions at the smooth supports and , and also find the force developed in the cable and spacer Solution Free-body diagram Equations of equilibrium for plank + = 0: 100 + = 0
+ = 0: 100 0.6 1.2 + 1.8 = 0
Nguyen Tan Tien
10
2/13/2013
6.61
Structural Analysis
6.62
Structural Analysis
6. Frames and Machines for plank + = 0: 100 + = 0 + = 0: 100 0.6 1.2 + 1.8 = 0 for plank + = 0: 200 + = 0 + = 0: 1.8 + 1.2 +200 0.6 = 0 = 120 = 180 = 160 = 140
6. Frames and Machines - Example 6.20 The 75 man attempts to lift the 40 uniform beam off the roller support at . Determine the tension developed in the cable attached to and the normal reaction of the man on the beam when this is about to occur Solution Free-body diagram Equations of equilibrium for pulley + = 0: 21 2 = 0 for the man + = 0: + 21 75 9.81 = 0
6.63
Structural Analysis
6.64
Structural Analysis
6. Frames and Machines for pulley + = 0: 21 2 = 0 for the man + = 0: + 21 75 9.81 = 0 for the beam + = 0: 1 3 40 9.81 1.5 0.8 = 0 1 = 256 2 = 512 = 224
6. Frames and Machines - Example 6.21 The frame supports the 50 cylinder. Determine the horizontal and vertical components of reaction at and the force at Solution Free-body diagram Equations of equilibrium for pulley + = 0: 50 9.81 = 0 + = 0: 50 9.81 = 0
Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
6.64
Structural Analysis
6.53
Structural Analysis
6. Frames and Machines for pulley + = 0: 50 9.81 = 0 + = 0: 50 9.81 = 0

for member + = 0: = 0 + = 0: = 0 + = 0: 0.6 + 0.9 + 1.2 = 0 = 736 = 490.5 = 490.5 = 490.5 = 245.25
Fundamental Problems - F6.13 Determine the force needed to hold the 60 weight in equilibrium
Nguyen Tan Tien
11
2/13/2013
6.53
Structural Analysis
6.53
Structural Analysis
Fundamental Problems - F6.14 Determine the horizontal and vertical components of reaction at pin
Fundamental Problems - F6.15 If a 100 force is applied to the handles of the pliers, determine the clamping force exerted on the smooth pipe and the magnitude of the resultant force at pin
Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
6.53
Structural Analysis
6.53
Structural Analysis
Fundamental Problems - F6.16 Determine the horizontal and vertical components of reaction at pin
Fundamental Problems - F6.17 Determine the normal force that the 100 plate exerts on the 30 plate
Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
6.53
Structural Analysis
Fundamental Problems - F6.18 Determine the force needed to lift the load. Also, determine the proper placement of the hook for equilibrium. Neglect the weight of the beam
Nguyen Tan Tien
12

Ch.06 Structural Analysis

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Descrição original:

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Ch.06 Structural Analysis

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

2/13/2013

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Engineering Mechanics Statics

06. Structural Analysis

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Engineering Mechanics Statics

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Engineering Mechanics Statics

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Engineering Mechanics Statics

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Engineering Mechanics Statics

2. The Method of Joints Joint + = 0: 500 = 0 + = 0: 500 = 0

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Engineering Mechanics Statics

2. The Method of Joints = 565.69 = 400 = 772.74 = 1092.82

Joint + = 0: 772.74450 = 0 + = 0: 772.74450 + = 0 = 546, = 546

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Engineering Mechanics Statics

2. The Method of Joints

2. The Method of Joints

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Engineering Mechanics Statics

2. The Method of Joints

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Engineering Mechanics Statics

3. Zero-Force Members - Example

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Engineering Mechanics Statics

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Engineering Mechanics Statics

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien