Bact key words

Question Answer

Slver Stain Actinomyces spp. Bacillus anthracis Bacillus cereus Bacteroides fragilis Bordetella pertussis Borrelia burgdorferi Brucella Spp Campylobacter Jejuni Chlamydia trachomatis Chlamydia psittaci Clostridium perfringens Clostridium difficile Clostridium botulinum Clostridium tetani Corynebacterium diphtherlae Enterococcu. spp. Echerichia coli Francisella tularensis Haemophilus spp. Helicobacter pylori Klebsiella pneumoniae Legionella pneumoprllia Listeria spp Mycoplasma spp Neisseria meningitidis

Pseudomonas, Legionella, Leptospira, H. pylori, and fungi such as Pneumocystis and Candida are stained with silver Sulfur granules in draining sinuses, Anaerobic, Filamentous Sheep, goat, goat hair, Fur, spore, Bioterror, Malignant pustule, Wool-sorters' disease Rice, preformed toxin, Heat-stable toxin-vomiting, Heatlabile toxin-diarrhea Foul smelling, Mixed infection, Abscess Bordet-Gengou agar, Lymphotoxin(lymphoid leukocytosis), Whooping Cough, DPT vaccine Deer tick, High Grass, lyme disease, White tail deer resevoir or spirochete, Erythema chronicum migrans, Disabling arthritis, Bilateral bells palsy Undulant fever, Unpasteurized milk and cheese, Intracellular growth, goats and sheep Bloody diarrhea, Undercooked poultry, Puppies, Thin curved gram -, Assoc with guillain barre syndrome Sexually transmitted disease, UTI, PID, lymphogranuloma venereum, Trachoma, Iodine stain, Intracellular inclusion bodies, Elementary bodies (infective particle), Reticulate bodies Birds, Parrots Boxcar shaped, double zone of hemolysis, Lecithinase, Toxins, gas gangrene(myonecrosis), diarrhea, Anaerobe Spores, Pseudomembranous colitis, Toxin A+B Antibiotic associated Botulism, Floppy baby, Honey (spores; infant), Food-borne (adults; preformed toxin), A-B toxin, Anaerobe A-B toxin, anaerobe, Lockjaw, DPT, Twitching spasms, Sardonic grin, No protective antibodies Pseudomembrane, DPT, A-B toxin, Schick test, Toxic myocarditis (cause of death) Entero-feces-gut bug, VRE Diarrhea, Neonatal meningitis, EIEC, EHEC, ETEC, EAEC, EPEC, Lactose positive, O157:H7, UTI, Acute cholecystitis, diverticulitis, appendicitis,Septic shock in hospital Intracellular, Rabbit, Ulcer, Tularemia X and V factors, Hib, Capsule, Meningitis uncommon due to vaccine, Epiglottitis, otitis media, sinusitis Gastric or duodenal ulcer, Urease, Urease breath test, Stool antigen test (active versus inactive disease), Stomach cancer (adenocarcinoma, lymphoma) Currant jelly (blood) sputum, Alcoholic, Aspiration pneumonia, Capsule Air conditioning, warm mist (rain forest), Shower and other lukewarm water sources, Charcoal yeast agar (BYCE agar), Atypical pneumonia, Urine antigen test Meningitis, Intracellular growth, Baby, cold enrichment, Milk products, Motility, Undercooked meat, soft cheese Walking pneumonia, No cell wall, Atypical pneumonia in crowded conditions, Association w/guillain barre, Cold agglutinins Gram-negative diplococci in CSF, Meningitis, Lipooligosaccharide, Endotoxin, SeptIc shock, Petechiae, purpura, Waterhouse-Fridenchsen syndrome

Neisseria gonorrhoeae Mycobacterium Leprae Mycobacterium TB

Gram-negative diplococci, Urethritis, Sexually transmitted disease, Thayer-Martin medium, Chocolate agar Nerve damage, anesthetic skin lesion, Lepromatous leprosy-T H2, Tuberculoid leprosy-T Hl Mantoux reaction, PPD, ACid-fast, Granuloma, Caseation, Opportunistic disease, Ghon complexes (primary disease), Intestinal tuberculosis (swallowed, organisms in primary lung disease) Isoniazid Urinary tract infection, Swarmer, Urease, Alkaline urine pH, Ammonia smell Nosocomial infection, CF, OpportunistIc, Green pigment in sputum, FrUity smell, Burn patient, Hot tub folliculitiS, Malignant external otitis in diabetic, Osteomyelitis in punctured rubber foot wear Tick, Southeastern Atlantic and south central states, Palmar petechia, Weil-Felix reaction, Obligate intracellular growth Grapelike clusters, Coagulase, Catalase ,Toxins, TSST, MRSA, Pus, Impetigo Catalase, Coagulase negative, Catheters, shunts, prosthetic devices Dairy foods, Motile, Animal reservoirs, Raw eggs and chicken, Nonlactose fermenter, Nonbloody diarrhea, Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease Watery, bloody diarrhea, Gram-negative bacillus, Lactose negative, No hydrogen sulfide, Shiga toxin Gram-positive diplos, a Hemolysis, Capsule, P disk (Optochin) sensitive, Polysaccharide vaccine, Pneumonia, Meningitis, Otitis media, Sinusitis, Spontaneous peritonitis B-hemolysis, streptolysin O and S, A disk (bactitracin) sensitive, Gram+ cocci chains, Necrotizing fasciitis, Pus, Erysipelas, scarlet fever, Rheumatic fever, post-strep glomerulonephritis Painless ulcer, Palm and sole rash, FTA-ABS, Spirochete, Gummas, Unculturable, VDRL, RPR, STD Comma (s) shapes, rice water, shellfish, A-B toxin Plague, fleas, rodent and other animal hosts, buboes
memorize

Proteus mirabilis Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Rickettsia spp S. Aureus Staph epidermidis Salmonella Spp. Shigell spp. Strep pneumo Strep pyogenes

Treponema pallidum Vibrio cholerae Yersina pestis

Virology trigger words

Question Answer

Adenovirus

Conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, hemorrhagic cystitis, Dense basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies, Diarrhea in infant, appendicitis in kids, infectious genome, Icosahedral capsid with fibers, poorly chlorinated swimming pools California encephalitis viruses, Culex spp, mosquito, arbovirus, woods, la crosse virus, encephalitie, meningitis, hantavirus hemorrhagic, petechiae, ecchymosis, bleeding tissues, rodent feces and urine Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, rodents, flu-like sx, slums, ribavirn, lassa fever, hemorrhagic, rodents Common cold, SARS, Fecal-oral and respiratory spread enveloped, large, DNA, Cowdry type A inclusion bodies, vesicular lesions, neurotropic, Tzanck smear (multinucleated squamous cells), stress induced recurrence, encephalitis, destruction of temporal lobe, blindness, neonatal HSV Large owls eye nuclear inclusion body, Hypertrophied (megalo) cells, Opportunistic disease, Mononucleosis-like syndrome, blindness, diarrhea, pancreatitis in AIDS, Congenital CMV (intracerebral calcification), Microcephaly

Bunyaviruse

Arenaviruses Coronaviruses Herpes simplex virus Cytomegalovirus

Epstein barr virus Varicella-zoster virus Hepatitis A Hepatitis E Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis D HIV HTLV Parainfluenza viruse Measles Mumps Norovirus Orthomyxovirus Papillomavirus Polyomaviruses Parvovirus B19 Coxsackie and echovirus Poliovirus Rhinovirus Poxviruse

Mononucleosis, fatigue, pharyngitis, heterophile antibody, atypical lymphocyes, rash, monospot test, ampicilling induced rash, B-cell, lymphocytosis, Burkitt lymphoma Crops of vesicular lesions, all stages of lesion at once, vesicles, latency, Multinucleated giant cells (synctia), Cowdry type A nuclear inclusion bodies, Neurotropic, Thymidine kinase, shingles, dermatome distribution of vesicles, Chickenpox (association with Reye syndrome) Fecal-oral spread, Acute-sudden onset hepatitis, Day-care center, Food-borne, shellfish, Protective antibodies, picornavirus Fecal-oral spread, Acute, sudden-onset hepatitis, Pregnant women, Calcivirus Serum hepatitis, chronic, contaminated blood and semen and mothers milk, Dane particle, insidious onset HBsAg, primary hepatocellular carcinoma, hepadnavirus Non-A, Non-B hepatitis, chronic, flavivirus, Posttransfusion hepatitis, No protective antibodies, Hepatocellular carcinoma Fulminant hepatitis, HBV helper virus Cytolytic to CD4, Chemokine coreceptor, opportunistic diseases (PCP, Kaposi, Candid, CMV retinitis, pneumocystis), Reverse transcriptase Leukemia, flower cell, CD4T cell, reverse transcriptase Croup, barking seal, pneumonia, synctia, paramyxovirus Koplik spots (blue-gray spots in mouth, precede rash), 3Cs (cough, coryza, ?), photophobia, high fever, rash, paramyxovirus Parotitis, chipmunk cheeks, orchitis, pancreatitis and aseptic meningitis or encephalitis (5%), paramyxovirus Norwalk virus, outbreaks of diarrheal disease, Nausea, watery diarrhea and vomiting, schools, cruise ships Influenza, flu, segmented genomereassortment, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, Antigenic drift, shift Warts, koilocytes, CIN, cervical cancer, STD JC, demyelination, abnormal oligodendrocytes, opportunistic disease, PML Fifth disease, slapped cheeks, Lacy pattern rash, aplastic anemia, sickle crisis, spontaneous abortions Fecal-oral, Vesicular lesions; hand, foot, and mouth, B for body, Meningitis, myocarditis, pericarditis, picornavirus Assymetric flaccid paralysis, Major and minor disease, Fecal-oral, post polio syndrome, picornavirus Runny nose, many serotypes, heat and pH labile, picornavirus Large, brick-shaped virus, replicates in cytoplasm, vesicular lesion, zoonosis, molluscum contagiosum (skin-colored papules), smallpox: synchronized crop of vesicular lesions (smallpox), vaccine Spongiform encephalopathy, CJD, vCJD, beef, no inflammation, presenile dementia, shakes, resistant to inactivation, mad cow Raccoon, skunk bite, Bats (aerosol), Hydrophobia, Coma, Salivation, Negri bodies, Bullet-shaped virion, Rhabdovirus, Watery (secretory) diarrhea in young child, Oral vaccine (risk for intussusception), Double capsid and double stranded segmented RNA (remember double double) Rash, vaccine, congenital disease, arthritis, teratogen, cataracts, togavirus

Prions Rabies Rotavirus Rubella

Togavirus Flavivirus

Arbovirus, encephalitis viruses: mosquito, seasonal encephalitis, swamp Hemorrhagic viruses: blood everywhere, petechiae Arbovirus, Encephalitis viruses: mosquito, seasonal encephalitis, swamp, Hemorrhagic viruses: blood everywhere, petechiae
memorize

Mycology Trigger words

Question Answer

Aspergillus spp Black piedra White piedra Blastomyces dermatitdis Candida albicans

Fungus ball, Septate branching hyphae, Fruiting bodies, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (allergic alveoitis), Angioinvasive, Malt(grain) workers, Allergic bronchopulmonary Black nodules along hair shaft, ascospores Sleeve or collar around the hair shaft, Found on mustcahe, beard and scalp Mississippi river valley, rotting wood (beaver dams), broad based budding yeast, Healthy and immunocompromised, Granuloma White, curd-like, adhesive plaques that bleed when removed for culture, Cobblestones, Prolonged use of antibiotics, Immunocompromised: AIDs, diabetic people, transplant recipients, chemotherapy patients, infants, Vaginal yeast, Yeasts and pseudohyphae(sign of infection), thrush Dematiaceous (brown or black, melanin-producting) sclerotic bodies, skin disease, Cauliflower-like verrucous (warty) nodules Dermatiaceous fungus, many draining sinus tracts, grains of microcolonies in the deep layer of skin, Localized infection. San Joaquin River Valley, American SW deserts, Inhale arthrospores in dust, spherules with endospores, Skin test for antigen exposure, Pigeon droppings, Capsule, India ink preparations, capsular antigens, AIDS patients, Meningitis in immunocompromised host, Capsule that houses the round yeast Ohio and Mississippi River valleys, Lung and spleen, Granulomas, Yeast inside macrophages, Bird and bat droppings (spelunker), cincinnati spleen Most common initial AIDS-defining disease, Diffuse interstitial pneumonia, Gomori silver stain, AIDS patient, intravenous drug abuser, Fluffy, foamy alveolar exudate, Cup-shaped (flying saucer), Ground-glass appearance on radiograph, Organisms in bronchoalveolar lavage Hypopigmented/hyperpigmented patches, Spaghetti and meatballs KOH preparation, seborrheic dermatitis; cradle cap in newborn Acidotic diabetic, Paranasal sinus and orbit involvement, Frontal lobe abscess in diabetic ketoacitosis, Coenocytic (aseptate) hyphae, Black nasal discharge, Bread mold Roses, thorn prick, sphagnum moss, splinter, Gardener, Lymphocutaneous nodules Infect stratum corneum; KOH preparation, Ring worm, Circular scaling lesion with central clearing and hair loss, discoloring, crumbling nails, azoles
memorize

Chromoblastomycosis Eumycotic mycetoma Coccidiodes immitis Cryptococcus neoformans Histoplasma capsulatum Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii)

Pityriasis versicolor Rhizopus and Mucor spp Sporothrix schenckii Tinea

Parasitology Trigger Words

Question Answer

Schistosoma spp Taenia solium Echinococcus granulosus

Snails, Injectoin, Fluke, Mansoni (lateral spine on egg), Haematobiume(nipple on egg; squamous bladder cancer) Undercooked pig (intermediate host), Tapeworm, Cysticercosis (human intermediate host) dog (definitive host), Hydatid cyst (human intermediate host), Tapeworm

(dog tapeworm) Diphyllobothrium latum (fish tapeworm) Plasmodium spp Raw fish, tapeworm, Vitamin B12 deficiency Malaria, Paroxysms of fever and chills correspond with RBC hemolysis, Falciparum(multiple ring forms), Cyclic disease, Anopheles spp. Female mosquito, Falciparum: blackwater fever, thick smears Old man looking over his shoulder (troph), Hikers, Contaminated creek water (beavers and bears), Foul-smelling diarrhea, IgA deficiency, stool antigen test Immune suppression, water supply contaminant, partially acid fast oocyst, AIDS diarrhea Amebic dysentary, Cyst with one to four nuclei, intracellular RBCs, Hepatic abscess, Flask-shaped ulcers in cecum STD, Hanging drop test for motility, Flagella Cats and cat litter, TORCHS, Mononucleosis like syndrome, Space occupying lesion brain in AIDS, Sandflies, soldiers returning from persian gulf, Blackening of skin, Trip to Asia or s. America Tsetse fly, sleeping sickness, trip to asia or south america, death by starvatio, winterbottom sign Chagas disease, reduviid bug, Mega organs (eg. Colon), Romana sign, acquired achalasia, Hirschsprung disease, Myocarditis leading to heart failure Pinworm, Scotch tape test, anal itching, appendicitiis, urethritis in girls, no eosinophilia Roundworm, Large, pearl white worm, Adults: intestinal obstruction, No eosinophilia except in lung transmigration phase Hunter, undercooked pig or game meat, splinter hemorrhages, facial edema and myalgia, eosinophila, muscle biopsy Hookworm, Pneumonitis, Iron deficiency anemia Threadworm, Pneumonitis, Dermatitis, Eosinophilia, Autoinfection life cycle, Larva (NOT EGGS) in stool

Giardia spp Cryptosporidium spp Entamoeba histolytica Trichomonas spp Toxoplasma spp Leishmania spp Trypanosoma brucei Trypnsoma cruzi Enterobius vermicularis Ascaris lumbricoides Trichinella spiralis Necator americanus Strongyloides stercoralis