PVSYST V5.

70

20/09/13 Page 1/4

Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters

Geographical Site Situation Time defined as

Rovinari Latitude Legal Time Albedo 45.0N Time zone UT+2 0.20

Country Longitude Altitude

Romania 23.2E 171 m

Meteo data : Simulation variant :

Bucuresti, Synthetic Hourly data PV Rovinari 1

Simulation date 20/09/13 09h41

Simulation parameters Collector Plane Orientation Horizon Near Shadings PV Array Characteristics Si-poly Model Manufacturer Number of PV modules In series Total number of PV modules Nb. modules Array global power Nominal (STC) Array operating characteristics (50C) U mpp Total area Module area PV module Inverter Characteristics Model Manufacturer Operating Voltage Phono Solar 20 modules 3400 884 kWp 630 V 6597 m Tilt Free Horizon Linear shadings 25 Azimuth 0

In parallel Unit Nom. Power At operating cond. I mpp Cell area

170 strings 260 Wp 794 kWp (50C) 1261 A 5957 m

535-850 V

Unit Nom. Power

800 kW AC

PV Array loss factors Thermal Loss factor Uc (const) 20.0 W/mK => Nominal Oper. Coll. Temp. (G=800 W/m, Tamb=20C, Wind=1 m/s.) Wiring Ohmic Loss Global array res. Module Quality Loss Module Mismatch Losses Incidence effect, ASHRAE parametrization IAM = 8.3 mOhm

Uv (wind) NOCT Loss Fraction Loss Fraction Loss Fraction bo Parameter

0.0 W/mK / m/s 56 C 1.5 % at STC 1.5 % 2.0 % at MPP 0.05

1 - bo (1/cos i - 1)

User's needs :

Unlimited load (grid)

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Grid-Connected System: Near shading definition

Simulation variant :
Main system parameters Near Shadings PV Field Orientation PV modules PV Array Inverter User's needs

PV Rovinari 1
System type Linear shadings tilt Mode Nb. of modules Model Unlimited load (grid) Grid-Connected 25 3400 azimuth 0 Pnom 260 Wp Pnom total 884 kWp Pnom 800 kW ac

Perspective of the PV-field and surrounding shading scene

Zenith

East

West

South

Iso-shadings diagram
90

Beam shading factor (linear calculation) : Iso-shadings curves

Shading loss: 1 % Shading loss: 5 % Shading loss: 10 % Shading loss: 20 % Shading loss: 40 %

Attenuation for diffuse: 0.962 and albedo: 0.258

75 12h 11h 60 10h

Sun height []

1 2

13h 14h

1: 22 june 2: 22 may - 23 july 3: 20 apr - 23 aug 4: 20 mar - 23 sep 5: 21 feb - 23 oct 6: 19 jan - 22 nov 7: 22 december

3 15h

45

9h

16h

8h 30 7h

17h

6 7

18h

15

6h

19h

Behind the plane 0 -120

Behind the plane -90 -60 -30 0 Azimuth [] 30 60 90 120

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Grid-Connected System: Main results

Simulation variant :
Main system parameters Near Shadings PV Field Orientation PV modules PV Array Inverter User's needs Main simulation results System Production

PV Rovinari 1
System type Linear shadings tilt Model Nb. of modules Model Unlimited load (grid) Produced Energy Performance Ratio PR Grid-Connected 25 3400 azimuth 0 Pnom 260 Wp Pnom total 884 kWp Pnom 800 kW ac

1362 MWh/year 80.2 %

Specific prod.

1540 kWh/kWp/year

Normalized productions (per installed kWp): Nominal power 884 kWp

8 Lc : Collection Loss (PV-array losses) 0.97 kWh/kWp/day Ls : System Loss (inverter, ...) 0.07 kWh/kWp/day Yf : Produced useful energy (inverter output) 4.22 kWh/kWp/day 0.8 6
Normalized Energy [kWh/kWp/day]

Performance Ratio PR
1.0 PR : Performance Ratio (Yf / Yr) : 0.802

Performance Ratio PR

0.6

0.4

2 0.2 1

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

0.0

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

PV Rovinari 1 Balances and main results

GlobHor kWh/m January February March April May June July August September October November December Year Legends: GlobHor T Amb GlobInc GlobEff 61.7 90.7 144.2 157.2 180.4 186.6 195.9 189.4 143.7 112.5 73.2 49.9 1585.5 T Amb C -0.40 2.20 6.20 11.90 17.40 20.70 22.70 22.30 17.00 12.30 6.30 0.80 11.67 GlobInc kWh/m 107.4 138.3 186.8 174.1 182.8 183.2 195.7 202.9 174.4 161.7 126.3 86.3 1919.8 GlobEff kWh/m 96.6 130.4 178.3 165.4 173.2 174.1 186.1 193.2 166.0 153.1 115.9 76.2 1808.4 EArray MWh 79.9 105.2 140.3 127.1 130.2 128.1 135.7 140.4 123.9 118.7 92.4 63.1 1384.8 EArray E_Grid EffArrR EffSysR E_Grid MWh 78.6 103.4 138.0 124.9 128.0 125.8 133.4 137.9 121.7 116.8 90.9 62.1 1361.5 EffArrR % 11.28 11.53 11.38 11.07 10.79 10.59 10.51 10.49 10.77 11.13 11.09 11.08 10.93 EffSysR % 11.10 11.34 11.19 10.87 10.61 10.41 10.33 10.31 10.58 10.95 10.90 10.91 10.75

Horizontal global irradiation Ambient Temperature Global incident in coll. plane Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings

Effective energy at the output of the array Energy injected into grid Effic. Eout array / rough area Effic. Eout system / rough area

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Grid-Connected System: Loss diagram

Simulation variant :
Main system parameters Near Shadings PV Field Orientation PV modules PV Array Inverter User's needs

PV Rovinari 1
System type Linear shadings tilt Model Nb. of modules Model Unlimited load (grid) Grid-Connected 25 3400 azimuth 0 Pnom 260 Wp Pnom total 884 kWp Pnom 800 kW ac

Loss diagram over the whole year

1585 kWh/m

Horizontal global irradiation +21.1% Global incident in coll. plane -2.8% -3.0% Near Shadings, "linear" IAM factor on global Effective irradiance on collectors PV conversion Array nominal energy (at STC effic.) -2.9% -6.4% -1.6% -2.1% -1.0% PV loss due to irradiance level PV loss due to temperature Module quality loss Module array mismatch loss Ohmic wiring loss Array virtual energy at MPP Inverter Loss during operation (efficiency) Inverter Loss over nominal inv. power Inverter Loss due to power threshold Inverter Loss over nominal inv. voltage Inverter Loss due to voltage threshold Available Energy at Inverter Output Energy injected into grid

1808 kWh/m * 6597 m coll. efficiency at STC = 13.39% 1597 MWh

1385 MWh -1.7% 0.0% -0.0% 0.0% -0.0% 1362 MWh 1362 MWh