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Homework:
Translate and improve one of the lectures that has already been given based on the reading by Major, 2013. Add good, physical examples of how these concepts are applied. The best of these will be used in future course offerings.
9/25/2013
Conservation of Mass
Hence, the only way to have mass accumulate in the volume is to have more flow in than out.
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Conservation of Mass
Hence, the only way to have mass accumulate in the volume is to have it flow across the volume boundary.
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Conservation of Mass
Qm =
Qm =
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Conservation of Mass
The change in the volume is equal to the total mass flux through all the faces. [Inputs Outputs]
Change in mass
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Conservation of Mass
Dividing through by xyz and taking the limit as these dimensions go to zero (creating the derivative) yields the Continuity Equation.
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Or: the rate of change of density within an elemental volume fixed in space is equal to the net rate of mass flux across its boundaries divided by its volume
Conservation of Mass
The negative sign in front of the right-hand side of the equation indicates that if the net gradient of mass flux decreases along the coordinate directions within the volume, then the change of density with time is positive (because mass accumulates).
If, however, the net gradient of mass flux increases along the coordinate directions within the volume, the change of density with time is negative (because mass is lost).
This assumes that the volume is stationary (Eulerian perspective)
9/25/2013
Conservation of Mass
If we allow the reference volume to float along with the medium that is transporting mass across the volume boundary, this is the Lagrangian perspective. This is know as the convective rate of change.
The term on the left-hand side describes rate changes of density detected from the perspective of an observer floating along with the motion of the medium that is transporting the mass. The first term describes the rate of change observed from general variations with time, and the following three terms describe an additional change related to any spatial gradients of density.
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Conservation of Mass
This combination of the temporal and spatial gradients is called the substantial or material derivative and is designated by a capital D.
Allowing:
To be rewritten as:
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Conservation of Mass
Our earlier expressions can then be written using the Divergence operator which takes the derivative in all directions.
(Eulerian perspective)
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z Downslope
z Downslope
z Downslope
Must erode
z Downslope
Bedrock landscape
dt
=P-
Bill Dietrich
dh
qs
dh
qs
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the net convective flux of the x-direction component of momentum across all six faces of the volume boundary is :
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the sum of the x-direction components of these forces can be written as:
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(the negative terms result from positively defined forces acting in the negative x-direction, compression)
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Surface
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Body
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in which u represents the velocity vector field, the stress tensor, and g the vector field for acceleration of gravity.
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Relationships between stress and normal strain Relationships between shear stress and shear strain Relationship between pressure and dilatation
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