Kemal Halilovi,profesor matematike Brko

Granine vrijednosti
1)
n

n2
2 (1 + 2n 1) 2n + 1
(
)
+
+
+
+
+

+
1
3
5
7
2
1
2
1
2n + 1
n
n
L

=
=

lim
lim

lim

n +
2 n +
2 n + n + 1
2
n+1
n+1

1
3
3n 1
2n 2 (n + 1)(2n + 1)
n =3
= lim
= lim
lim
2
n +
n + 2 n + 2
n +
2
2(n + 1)
2+
n
n

2 n +1 + 3 n +1
n + 2 n + 3 n

2) lim

2
2 n + 1 + 3 n +1
2 + 3
3
3n
=3
= lim
= lim n
n
n
n +
n +
2 +3
2
+1
3n
3

3)
x

lim

x +

= lim

x +

x+ x+ x
1

lim

x +

= lim

x+ x+ x
x
1

x +

x+ x
x2

1+

x
x

x
1
+ 2
x x

1+

= lim

x +

= lim

x+ x+ x
x
1

x +

1+

= lim

1
+
x

x +

1+

x+ x
x

=1

1
x3

4)

x 2 (a + 1) x + a
x 2 ax x + a
x( x a ) ( x a )
=
= lim
=
lim
3
3
2
2
x a
x a ( x a ) x + ax + a
x a ( x a ) x 2 + ax + a 2
x a
x 1
a 1
=
lim 2
x a x + ax + a 2
3a 2

lim

5)
x2 + x 2
3
1 + x + x2 3
1

= lim
lim
=
= (+ ) = lim
x 1 1 x
x 1
x 1 (1 x ) 1 + x + x 2
1 x3
1 x3
( x 1)( x + 2) = lim ( x + 2) = 1
lim
x 1 (1 x ) 1 + x + x 2
x 1 1 + x + x 2

6)
x3 2x 1 0
x3 + x2 x2 x x 1
=
lim
=
=

5
4
4
3
3
2
2
x 1 x 5 2 x 1
0 x 1 x + x x + x x + x x x x 1
lim

( x + 1) x 2 x 1
x 2 ( x + 1) x ( x + 1) ( x + 1 )
lim
=
=
x 1 x 4 ( x + 1 ) x 3 ( x + 1) x 2 ( x + 1) x ( x + 1) ( x + 1)
x 1 ( x + 1) x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1

lim

x x 1
1+11
= 1
=
3
2
x 1 x x x x 1
1+11+11
2

lim

Kemal Halilovi,profesor matematike Brko

7)
x 1

lim 4
x 1

x 1

x 1

)(

x +1

lim

= lim 4

x 1

x 1
x 1

)= 4

x2 + 3 x + 1
x2 + 3 x + 1

x +1
x +1

x +1
x +1

x 1

x 1 x 1

= lim

x +1

4
3

)(

x +1

x2 + 3 x + 1

)=

x +1

x2 + 3 x + 1

8)
x2 2x + 6 x2 + 2x 6
=
x2 4x + 3

lim

x3

x2 2x + 6 x2 + 2x 6
x2 2x + 6 + x2 + 2x 6
=

x3
( x 3)( x 1)
x2 2x + 6 + x2 + 2x 6
4
4 x + 12
=
= lim
lim
x3
( x 3)( x 1) x 2 2 x + 6 + x 2 + 2 x 6 x 3 ( x 1) x 2 2 x + 6 + x 2 + 2 x 6
4
1
=
2(3 + 3 )
3
lim

9)

(x
lim ( x
lim

+ a1 x + b1 + x 2 + a 2 x + b2 + L + x 2 + a n x + bn nx =

+ a1 x + b1 x + x 2 + a 2 x + b2 x + L + x 2 + a n x + bn x =

n +
n +

x2 + a x + b x x2 + a x + b + x

x 2 + a 2 x + b2 x x 2 + a 2 x + b21 + x
1
1
1
1

+
+L+
.

1
1
x 2 + a1 x + b1 + x
x 2 + a 2 x + b2 + x

=
lim

n +
2
2
L + x + a n x + bn x . x + a n x + bn1 + x

2
1
x + a n x + bn + x

a n x + bn
a1 x + b1
a 2 x + b2
=
+L+
+
lim

2
2
2
n +
x + a 2 x + b2 + x
x + a n x + bn + x
x + a1 x + b1 + x

b
b
b

a1 + 1
a2 + 2
an + n

= a1 + a 2 + L + a n
x
x
x
+
+ L+
lim

n +
2
a
b
a
b
a
b
1 + 1 + 12 + 1
1 + 2 + 22 + 1
1 + n + n2 + 1
x x
x x
x x

10) lim

x 2

tg[ ( x + 2)]
tgx 0
tg (x + 2 )
=
= lim
= = lim
x

2
x

2
( x + 2)
x+2 0
x+2

sin x cos x 0
sin x cos x
2
= lim ( cos x ) =
= = lim

1 tgx
2
0 x 1 sin x
x
x
4
4
4
cos x

2 cos x
2 cos cos x
1 2 cos x 0
3
2
= lim
=
12) lim
= = lim
3x

3
x

0
3

x
x
x

11) lim

Kemal Halilovi,profesor matematike Brko

+x
x

2 2 sin 3
sin 3
+ 3x
3x
+
2
2

4 sin
4 sin
sin

= lim
6
6 =
6 = 3
lim

3x
6
3
3x
x
x
6
3
3
6

13)
cos

2 = 0 = lim
lim
x1 1
x 0 x1

sin (1 x ) 1 +

2
lim
2
x1
(1 x )
2

x
sin

2 1+
2

1 x
1+
x

)
=

x
= lim
x x1

sin (1 x ) 1 +

2
1 x

)
=

1 2
=
2

(1 x )(1 + x ) = lim (1 x )(1 + x ) = 1 + 1 2

1 x
= lim
=
x 1 sin [ (1 x )]

sin x x 1 sin ( x )
2

14) lim
x1
15)

xx x
1 x

1+ x
lim

x + 2 + x

2+ x 1
= lim

x + 2 + x

2+ x 2+ x

1
lim 1

x +
2 + x

16)

lim 1 + tg

x0

1
2x

)(

x 1 x 1+ x
1 x

x+ x

( )

= lim 1 + tg2 x
x0

x+ x
lim
e 1 x + 2+ x

tg2

tg

= lim 1

x +
2+ x
1
x
lim
e 1 x + 1+ 2
x

( )

1
2
x x

=e

tg2 x
lim
x0 2 x

x 1+ x

ln( a + x ) ln a
= lim
x0
x0
x

lim

= e 1

lim

=e

tg2 x

ln lim (1 +
x0

18)

a
1

x x a
1
= ln lim (1 + ) = ln e a =
x0
a
a

( x )2 = e 2 = e

x0 2

a+ x
1
)
x
x x
1
a
= lim ln(1 + ) = lim ln(1 + ) =
x0 x
x0
x
a
a
1

1
x x
)

1+

17)

ln(

Kemal Halilovi,profesor matematike Brko

lim

( x + 1)10 + ( x + 2)10 + L + ( x + 100)10

x 10 + 1010

x +

1 +
x
lim

10

x +1

= lim

( x + 1)10 + ( x + 2)10 + L + ( x + 100)10

x 10 + 1010

x +

10

2
100

+ 1 + + L + 1 +

x
x

10
10
1+
x

x 10
x 10

10

1+ 1+L+ 1
= 100
1

19)
x
2 sin 2
1

1 cos x
1
cos x
1
2 = lim tg x = 0
= lim
= lim
lim

= lim
x
x x0 2
x 0 sin x
x

0
x

0
x

0
sin x
tgx
sin x sin x
2 sin cos
2
2

20)
1

sin x tgx sin x

1 + tgx sin x
1 + sin x sin x + tgx sin x

= lim
= lim 1
=
lim

x 0 1 + sin x
x 0
x 0
1 + sin x
1 + sin x

1+ sin x

sin x tgx
sin
x

tgx

lim 1

x 0
1 + sin x

sin x tgx 1
.
1+ sin x sin x

=e

sin x tgx 1
.
x 0 1+ sin x sin x
lim

1
cos x
x 0 1+ sin x
1

=e

lim

= e0 = 1

21)

lim [ln( e + x )]

ctgx

x 0

( )

= 1

x
= lim ln e (1 + )
x 0
e

x ln 1+ x

lim 1 + ln 1 + e
x 0
e

1
x tgx

ln lim 1+
e
x 0

x
ln 1+ ctgx
e

=e
x
etgx

= lim 1 +
x 0
e

e
x

= lim 1 + ln 1 +
x0
e

x
lim ln 1+ e ctgx
x 0

=e

x
ln 1+
e
lim
tgx
x0

ctgx

=
1

=e

x tgx
lim ln 1+
e
x0

=e

ctgx

lim etgx

x0

1
e

=e =e e

ex 1
2
ex 1
1
1
x2
=
=
=
lim
lim
lim
=
22) x 0 sin x ln( x + 1) x 0 sin x ln( x + 1) x 0 sin x ln( x + 1)
ln( x + 1)

lim
x 0
x
x
x
x2

Kemal Halilovi,profesor matematike Brko

1
ln( x + 1) lim ln( x + 1)
x 0 x
x 0
23) Odrediti a i b iz uslova:
lim

lim

Rjeenje:

(x

(x
lim

lim

x + 1 ax b

1
x

ln lim (1 + x )
x 0

(x

1
=1
ln e

=0

(1 a )x
2

= 0 lim

x 2 x + 1 + ax + b
2

1
x

x + 1 ax b = 0

x 2 x + 1 + ax + b

x + 1 (ax + b )

x 2 x + 1 + ax + b

(1 + 2ab ) x + 1 b 2

x 2 x + 1 + ax + b

=0

Da bi granina vrijednost bila jednaka nuli mora biti:

1 a 2 = 0 1 + 2ab = 0
1
a = 1 b = m
2

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