m11 L1\l1

DC LtCa!:VC LDC88 \CDu8

Ldited and transIated from the Bussian by
Jimmy Adams
IA55A 1DJO^5
Yor!yn, D1 I9b7
N11 1K1
DE TE8I1VE DESS ED1US
UD1SDE0 Dj 81SS8 01I1ODS 8 01V1S1OD O
8E DT8D0TEIU DOOsS
+ DOX 11
7OTsjD
1V!3b OP
1bD 0~V3V33~0~2
T1gUIS TESETVE0 O [8TI O IU1S DOOs
B8j DE TE[TO0UCE0 1D 8Dj OTO OT Dj 8Dj OE?DS EECITOD1C
OT OECD8D1C8 1DCU01Dg [DOIOCO[j1Dg TECOT01Dg OT Dj
8Dj 1DOTO8I1OD SIOT8gE 8D0 TEIT1EV8 SjSIEOS V1IDOUI
[ETO1SS1OD 1D wT1I1Dg TOO IDE [UD1SUET
@ 1Vb! Dj J1OOj P08OS
C 0 N T N T S
age
ntroduct1on 5
0randOasters on Ch1gor1n 7
h1gor1n ' s TournaOent and Match ecord
M1kha11 Ivanov1ch Ch1gor1n by . . oOanovsky IJ
I00 Se1ected 0aOes :
etersburg I874 - 6er11n I88I ( 0aOes I-) 50
1enna I882 - London I88J ( 0aOes I0-I7 ) 6J
ondon v etersburg , Te1egraph 0aOe I88687 ( 0aOe I8) 7
tch v Ste1n1tz , avana I88 - NeW ork I88 ( 0aOes I-2J) 8J
tch v 0unsberg, avana I88 ( 0aOes 24-27 ) 7
Te1egraph 0aOes v Ste1n1tz , I80I - Consu1tat1on 0aOe ,
avana I8I ( 0aOes 28-J0) I08
eturn Match v Ste1n1tz , avana I82 - Match v Tarrasch ,
etersburg I8J ( 0aOes JI-4I ) I22
tch v Sch111ers , etersburg I85 - ast1ngs I85 ( 0aOes 42-48 ) I54
etersburg I856 - 6udapest I86 ( 0aOes 4-5) I7J
Match v Sch111ers , etersburg I87 - ienna I88 - Co1ogne I88
( 0aOes 60-67 ) 20I
London I8 - 11 uss1a ChaOp1onsh1p, MoscoW I8( 0aOes 68-74)
ar1s I00 MoscoW I0I - Monte Car1o I02 * 1enna I0J
( 0aOes 75-86 ) 2J0
Match v Lasker , 6r1ghton I0J - CaObr1dge Spr1ngs I04 -
0stende I05 - 6arOen I05 ( 0aOes 87-5 ) 255
Match v Sa1ve, Lodz I06 - 0stende I07 ( 0aOes 6-I00) 277
ndex o1 0pponents 2I
ndex to 0pen1ngs 22
J
I N T 0 0 C T I 0 N
Mikhai1 Ivanovich Chigorin ( I850-I08) is not on1y recognised as be-
ing the true 1ounder o1 the ussian chess schoo1 , but Oust a1so be
considered one o1 the Oost iOportant 1igures in the history o1 the
deve1opOent o1 chess knoW1edge .
Many o1 his ideas Were years ahead o1 his tiOe and on1y appreciated
1ong a1ter his death oWever , that Oarve11ous creative approach to
chess , Which Chigorin disp1ayed to the 1u11 in his gaOes and
Writings , has served as a Wonder1u1 inspiratio

to a 1ong 1ine o1
ussianSoviet p1ayers , inc1uding Wor1d chaOpions 1ekhine ,
6otvinnik, SOys1ov , Ta1 and Spassky , Who have a11 spoken o1 the great
in11uence o1 Chigorin on their oWn attitude to chess . Even the
present Wor1d chaOpion, Kasparov , With his 1ove o1 dynaOic p1ay and
precise ana1ysis , continues the Chigorin traditions .
articu1ar1y signi1icant , in both variety and durabi1ity , are Chig-
orin s contributions to opening theory . is ideas 1ie at the basis o1
such Oodern opening systeOs as the S1av , NiOzo-Indian, irc and
King s Indian 0e1ences , the c1osed de1ences to the Spanish 0aOe , and
the King ' s Indian ttack , and soOetiOes 1ind theOse1ves app1ied to
openings 1or Which Chigorin had not intended theO. Without doubt ,
under the in11uence o1 Chigorin s Oethods o1 strugg1e against the
Oobi1e paWn centre , Were born such popu1ar systeOs as the 1ekhine
0e1ence , 0run1e1d 0e1ence , and the CaObridge Springs 0e1ence , Whi1e
even the out1ines o1 the so-ca11ed Marsha1 ttack Were draWn by
Chigorin severa1 years be1ore its app1ication in the 1aOous gaOe ,
Capab1anca-Marsha11 . The Chigorin 0e1ence to the ueen s 0aObit Was
in itse11 a Whole and origina1 chapter o1 opening theory , Whi1e
Chigor in s iOaginative innovations in the roOantic Kings and Evans
0aObits and the TWo Knights 0e1ence have becoOe 1egendary . I1 , as
White , Chigorin eOp1oyed 1ive1y opening systeOs With a vieW to ob-
taining an enduring initiative , Whi1st avoiding du11 draWing variat-
ions , then With the 61ack pieces he strove not 1or Oere equa1isation
but the ensurance o1 equa1 chances o1 counterp1ay 1or the second
p1ayer .
5
Chigorin a1so contributed any va1uab1e ideas to the idd1e gae.
0ynaic anoeuvering , sacri1ice o1 a paWn 1or the initiative , b1ock
ade o1 a paWn centre , exp1oitation o1 Weak squares , strangu1ation
p1ay , centra1isation, the 1atent poWer o1 craped positions , ener-
getic ethods o1 attack and counterattack , a concrete approach to
aking a decision in a position - a11 these are seen c1ear1y in Chig
orin s gaes . ongst his gaes are both those in Which he convinc
ing1y deonstrated the strength o1 the tWo bishops , and , no 1ess con-
vincing , Where the knight triuphed . In each position he tried to
understand precise1y its particu1ar , distinctive 1eatures .
1so , in the endgae , When there Were sti11 hard1y any re1erence
books or 1undaenta1 ana1yses , Chigorin Was , to a 1arge extent , a
pioneer , creating standards o1 intricate Work to convert to victory
an advantage Which ight have seeed insigni1icant to his contepor-
aries . Chigorin Was especia11y strong in endings Where rooks Were
1e1t on the board , Whether a pure rook ending or one cop1icated by
the presence o1 inor pieces on the board .
Striking traces o1 the creative Work o1 Chigorin reain in a11 three
stages o1 the gae , as the reader ay see 1or hise11 in the extracts
1ro his inexhaustib1e creative 1egacy Which are 1eatured in the
pages o1 this book , Which consists o1 trans1ations 1ro the 1o11oWing
exce11ent ussian pub1ications : "Se1ected 0aes o1 Chigorin" ( I26 )
by . 6ogo1]ubov , "M. I . Chigorin: The 0reat ussian Chessp1ayer" ( tWo
editions I and I4) by N. 0rekov, "I20 Se1ected 0aes o1
M. I . Chigorin" ( I52) by N. 0rekov , and "Mikhai1 Chigorin" ( I72) by
. asyukov , . Narkevich and . Nikitin. The introductory artic1e on
Chigorin by . oanovsky has been taken 1ro I . oanov s "The
Creative Legacy o1 M . I Chigorin" ( I60 ) .
6
iy das
London I87
0 N 0 M S T S 0 N C I 0 0 I N
"The Oost Worthy cha11enger In the strugg1e for the Wor1d
chaOpIonshIp . " ( SteInItz)
"ChIgorIn s creatIve Work In the area of the openIngs can serve as a
Oode1 for chess Oasters. . . . In the SovIet nIon, the ChIgorIn tradIt-
Ions are beIng OaIntaIned . " ( Lasker )
" natura11y-gIfted genIus - he Was the fIrst ussIan to Work at the
creatIon of pub1Ic chess 1Ife In ussIa . " ( WInaWer)
"Though ruIned by I11-hea1th , he , at the saOe tIOe , contrIbuted so
Ouch that Was neW to the theory of the openIngs , 1Ike nobody e1se . "
( ubInsteIn)
"There Was nobody In chess Who Was Oore artIstIc and creatIve than
ChIgorIn. " (MIeses )
"There Was never a Oaster Who coObIned the art of attack and defence
to such an extent as ChIgorIn " ( I11sbury)
"CoObInatIons , such as ChIgorIn s , can be created on1y by a great
Oaster . " (0unsberg)
"n outstandIng Oaster of the endgaOe . " ( Sch1echter)
"or ChIgorIn, In prIncIp1e , the Word "draW" dId not exIst . What
cou1d a ha1f, a one and a zero Oean for hIO When he Was 1ookIng for a
fIght , for dIscovery, for truth?" ( SpIe1Oann)
"No Oaster Was c1oser to the great Morphy than ChIgorIn. " ( Maroczy)
"My best teacher . " (Charousek)
7
"There Was no Oaster , aga1nst hoO a de1eat Wou1d be 1ess annoy1ng ,
than a de1eat 1n an encounter W1th Ch1gor1n. " ( Sa1ve)
"There Was nobody Who Was so 11tt1e 1avoured by tournaOent 1uck as
Ch1gor1n, but a1so nobody Who needed so 11tt1e 1uck 1n a tournaOent
as Ch1gor1n. " ( Tarrasch)
"eOeOberance o1 the great Ch1gor1n 11ves on 1n Oy OeOory as 11ves
and W111 11ve h1s g1ory 1n the h1story o1 chess art 1or as 1ong as
peop1e p1ay chess " ( 0uras)
"Ch1gor1n 1s the 1ounder o1 the uss1an chess schoo1 . No one has done
so ch 1or the deve1opOent and popu1ar1sat1on o1 chess 1n uss1a as
Ch1gor1n. We , Sov1et chess p1ayers 1o11oW h1s creat1ve behests ,
revere h1s OeOory , and are pro1ound1y grate1u1 to h1O 1or h1s se11-
1ess serv1ce to the gaOe . " ( SOys1ov)
"Ch1gor1n Was one o1 the greatest uss1an p1ayers , an art1st o1 chess
thought , and perhaps the 11rst p1ayer 1n the Wor1d to treat the gaOe
as 1t deserves e d1d a great dea1 1or the deve1opOent o1 chess 1n
uss1a and had a very poWer1u1 1n11uence on Wor1d chess thought e
Was Oany years ahead o1 h1s t1Oe , and h1s Work W111 a1Ways be an
1nexhaust1b1e source 1or the deve1opOent and per1ect1on o1 chess
1deas . " ( 6otv1nn1k)

8
C 0 0 N ' S T 0 N M N T N 0 M T C C 0 0
1 . ts 1ace
I87475 etersburg . and1cap. J
I875 etersburg. Match v etrovsky . Won
I875 etersburg. ( 1st W1naWer)
I876 etersburg . ( Jst shar1n) J 2 0 I 2 2
I876 etersburg . ( Jst SchuOov )
I877 etersburg 7 4 I
I878 etersburg . Match v Sch1ffers . I0 7 J 0 7 Won
I878 etersburg . Match v Sch1ffers . I4 6 7 I 6 Lost
I8787 etersburgMoscoW. Corres . Match . 2 0 2 0 0 Lost
I8788I Corres . Match v Kharkov . 4 4 0 0 4 Won
I8787 etersburg . 11 uss1an. 8 6 I I 6 I
I87 etersburg . 1ay off v 1ap1n. I I 0 0 I Won
I87 etersburg . Match v Sch1ffers . IJ 7 4 2 8 Won
I87 etersburg . Match v SchO1dt . 8 6 0 2 7 Won
I87 etersburg . Match v SchO1dt . 6 4 2 0 4 Won
I87 etersburg. Match v SchO1dt . 4 J 0 I J Won
I87 etersburg . Match v SchO1dt . 6 2 2 2 J 0raW
I880 etersburg . and1cap . 2I 2
I880 etersburg . Merchants C1ub . I
I880 etersburg . 1ay off v Sch1ffers J I 2 0 I Lost
I880 etersburg . Match v Sch1ffers . I I 7 I J Won
I880 etersburg . Match v 1ap1n. I0 7 J 0 7 Won
I8808I etersburg . Strongest 1ayers . I I
I88I etersburg . 1ay off v 1ap1n. J 2 I 0 2 Won
I88I 6er11n. I6 I0 5 I J0 J-4
I88I etersburg . and1cap . 2
I882 1enna . J4 IJ I 2 I4 I2-IJ
I88J London. 26 I6 I0 0 I6 4
I88J ar1s . Match v de 1v1ere I0 5 4 I 5 Won
I88J etersburg. Match v No1de I2 5 4 J 6 Won
( 0dds of paWn and Oove)
I884 Kharkov . I2 I2 0 0 2 I
f draWn, the f1rst tWo gaOes of each Oatch d1d not count , a th1rd gaOe
Was p1ayed , Wh1ch counted.

1 . ts 1ace
I884 Kharkov . Match v 6ek1eOishev . Won
(0dds o1 paWn and tWo Ooves )
I884 Kharkov . Consu1tation 0aOes . 4 4 0 0 4 Won
I884 MoscoW. Match v o1ovtsov . 2 I I 0 I Won
I884 etersburg . andicap ( 25 p1ayers ) J
I88486 Corres "niversa1 I11ustrated" 22 20 0 2 2I I
I885 etersburg. andicap ( 24 p1ayers ) I
I88586 etersburg. andicap . 26 I6 J
I886 etersburg. tch v No1de 5 2 2 6 Won
( 0dds o1 paWn and Oove)
I887 etersburg . andicap. I8 7 7
I88687 etersburgLondon. Te1egraph . 2 I 1 Won
I88 avana . Match v Steinitz . I7 6 I0 I 6 Lost
I88 avana . Consu1tation 0aOes With J I I I 0raW
once , 0avi1an, and Steinitz .
I88 eW ork . J8 27 7 4 2 I
I88 NeW ork . 1ay o11 v Weiss . 4 0 0 4 2 0raW
I80 avana . Match v 0unsberg. 2J 5 1 0raW
I80 Corres . Match v Markov . 4 2 I I 2 Won
I8I etersburg . andicap . 28 2J I
I8I etersburg . andicap . J0 27 I
I8I2 vana . Training 0aOes v asquez
and 0o1Oayo .
I8I 2 avana . Consu1tation 0aOes With
Cuban Oasters v Steinitz .
I82 avana . Match v Steinitz . 2J 8 I0 5 10 ost
I82 iga . Match v sharin. J J 0 0 J Won
I82 etersburg . andicap . (Chigorin did not qua1i1y
1or Winners group . )
I82 etersburg . Match v 6e1in 7 5 2 0 5 Won
( 0dds o1 paWn and Oove )
I82J MoscoW. Match v So1ovstov . 4 4 0 0 4 Won
I8J etersburg . Consu1tation tourn. 4 J 0 I J Won
v 1st category p1ayers .
So1ovstov did not continue the Oatch .
The 1st gaOe in the second ha11 did not count , i1 draWn, and a second
gaOe Was p1ayed Which did count .
0ne gaOe reOained un1inished , but in a Won position 1o etersburg .
I0
1 . ts 1ace
8J etersburg. andicap . 24 I I
8J etersburg. Match N Tarrasch . 22 4 I I 0raWn
84 etersburg. Match N ibin, 0tto I0 5 4 I 5 Won
and Lize1 in consu1tation.
845 etersburg . andicap . J2 25 J
845 etersburg-aris . Te1egraph . 2 I I 0 I 0raWn
85 etersburg . andicap . 40 J4 I
85 etersburg. Match N Schiffers . IJ 7 J J 8 Won
85 astings . 2I I4 J 4 I6 2
856 etersburg Match-TournaOent . I8 5 4 7 4
86 Nurnberg I8 8 7 J -I0
86 rague . 0aOes N Kotrch .
86 6udapest . I2 7 2 J | I
I86 6udapest . 1ay off v Charousek . 4 J I 0 J Won
I86 etersburg. andicap . 42 J8 I
I87 etersburg . Match v Schiffers . I4 7 I 6 I0 Won
87 6er1in. I 8 6 5 J0| I0
I88 ienna . J6 I7 IJ 6 20 6-7
I88 Co1ogne . I5 J J J0| 2-4
I88 etersburg . andicap . I
I88 etersburg. andicap . I
I88 etersburg . andicap . I-2
I8 London. 28 IJ I0 4 I5 7
I8 MoscoW. Jst 11 ussian ChaOp . IJ I2 I 0 I2 I
I8 I05 Corres . tournaOents . "NeW TiOes"
I00 etersburg . Strongest 1ayers . I8 I4 J I I4 I-2
I00 etersburg. Consu1tatin 0aOes . I0 7 I 2 8
I00 aris . I6 4 J J0| 6
I00 MoscoW . xhibition 0aOes v 2 2 0 0 2 Won
anoWski
I000I MoscoW. 2nd 11 ussian ChaOp . I7 I6 0 I I6 I
I0I Monte Car1o . IJ 8 6 J J-4
I02 Monte Car1o . I II 7 4 JJ 8
0aOe tota1s and points tota1s do not correspond . Initia1 gaOes , if a
draW, counted and Were rep1ayed . If the replayed gaOe Was draWn, both
p1ayers Won another . The Winner of a rep1ayed gaOe got |, the 1oser
0 .
2 gaOes b y defau1t .
II
1 . ts 1ace
I02 annover I7 6 5 6 7
I02 etersburg . Strongest 1ayers . I4 I2 2 0 I2 I-2
I02 MoscoW. xh1b1t1on 0aOe W1th I I 0 0 I Won
111sbury
I0J 1enna . 0aOb1t TournaOent . I8 I2 4 2 IJ I
I0J 6r1ghton. Match v Lasker W1th 6 2 I J J Won
1ce 0aOb1t
I0J K1ev . Jrd 11 uss1an ChaOp . I8 I4 2 2 I5 I
I04 CaObr1dge Spr1ngs . I5 6 6 J 7 6
I04 etersburg . Strongest 1ayers . I I I I I
I05 etersburg . Strongest 1ayrs . I4 I2 2 0 I2 I
1ce 0aOb1t .
I05 0stende . 26 J I6 7 6 IJ
I05 6arOen. I5 4 5 6 7 7-8
I06 etersburg . 4th 11 uss1an Ch . 4 I J 0 I I5
I06 Lodz . Match v Sa1ve for uss1an I5 7 5 J Won
ChaOp .
I06 Lodz . Match-TournaOent . 5 J I 5 2
I06 0stende . I5 4 6 5 6 2I-22
I06 Nurnberg . I 6 8 4 4 I0 5
I06 etersburg . Match-TournaOent . I2 6 J J 7 2
I07 MoscoW 8 6 2 0 6 I
I07 0stende . ChaOp1onsh1p-Tourney . 20 I I2 7 4 6
I07 Car1sbad. 20 6 I I J 7 I6-I8
I gaOe by defau1t .
Ch1gor1n W1thdreW after the 5th round due to a d1sputed 1oss on t1Oe .
Th1s event Was p1ayed 1n f1ve qua11fy1ng stages . Ch1gor1n d1d not get
beyond the 2nd stage .
I2
M I K I I N 0 I C C I 0 0 H I N
Chess 1ife has in the 1ast feW
decades Oade iOpottant ptogtess
in its deve1opOent .
oWevet , even this stotOy petiod
of deve1opOent of chess thought ,
Which We have expetienced, cannot
in any Way diO Soviet chessp1ay-
ets ' OeOoty of the cteative out-
1ook of the foundet and otganiset
of the Hussian chess schoo1 ,
Mikhai1 Ivanovich Chigotin.
nd What is Oote , With the yeats
futthet and futthet teOoving us
ftoO the tiOe of 1ife and cteat-
ive Wotk of this gteat Hussian
Oastet , We ate giving hiO even
Oote attention, We sense the need
to tetain unbtoken contact With
the inexhaustib1e We11 of Chigot-
in' s cteative Wotk .
The naOe of Chigotin stands by
itse1f in the histoty of the dev-
e1opOent of chess thought of his
day .
Chigotin 1ived in a petiod , When,
in the atena of chess att , shone
such 1eading 1ights as ukettott ,
Steinitz , asket , Tattasch, i11-
sbuty , Sch1echtet , anoWski ,
Teicann, Matoczy, 61ackbutne .
I t Wou1d seeO to have been iO-
possi1e to take up a specia1
IJ
p1ace in this bti11iant conste11-
ation of ta1ent . nd yet thete
Was a chessp1ayet Who Oanaged to
do this and it Was Chigotin.
To the chess Wot1d, evetything
Was unusua1 about this teptesent-
ative of Hussian chess the sud-
deness of his appeatance in the
atena of at fitst Hussian and
then intetnationa1 chess 1ife ,
the 1ate age 24 yeats , at Which
he , fot the fitst tiOe , in the
coutt of the best Hussian Oastets
of that tiOe , SchuOov and Schiff-
ets , cast his oWn cteative dis-
coveties , both the sWiftness of
his chess deve1opOent and sptead-
ing faOe as a Oastet , petsonify-
ing his oWn ideas of attistic
beauty , and Oany othet things .
t fitst , the chess Wot1d tegatd-
ed Chigotin as a ta1ented indiv-
idua1 , a1Oost a neW Motphy, this
tiOe appeating ftoO the East .
Shott1y aftetWatds , hoWevet ,
Westetn ctitics , fo11oWing the
exaOp1e of Steinitz , dec1ated
Chigotin an adhetent of the "o1d"
coObinationa1 schoo1 , Which , in
Eutope , Was teptesented at that
tiOe, in the opinion of these
saOe ctitic, by ndetssen,
61ackbutne , up to a cettain point
ukettott , and seveta1 othet Oas
tets .
I t Wou1d be difficu1t to find a
gteatet 1ack of undetstanding of
the cteative out1ook of Chigotin.
oW Wou1d it be possib1e to ex-
p1ain theit "o1d" , that is atch-
aic , backWatd, be1onging to the
past , When Chigotin saW each gaOe
as a step fotWatd in the ptogtes-
sive ptocess of the deve1opOent
of chess thought? Not vety Ouch
in accotd With this chatactetis-
tic is a1so the fact that Chigot-
in, supposed1y teptesenting the
o1d vieWs, aftet

adOinisteting a
seties of shatteting defeats both
to Steinitz and his associates ,
Was hiOse1f dec1ated by theO as
being a putvyot of the ideas of
the heta1ded by theO "Oodetn
schoo1"
Chigotin, indeed, did entet in-
tetnationa1 chess 1ife as a 1one
Oan . 6ut passionate adhetents and
fo11oWets a1teady soon began to
appeat aOongst Oastets of the
West, not to Oention Hussia .
The faOous Czechos1ovakian gtand-
Oastet , 01dtich 0utas, Wtote "It
is difficu1t fot Oe to exp1ain to
the Wide audience of the Oodetn
genetation What the naOe of Chig-
otin Oeant and to this day Oeans
to Czechos1ovakian p1ayets. . . . 0n
the Chigotin ttaditions Which
doOinated Czech chess att , I a1so
I4
gteW up . HeOeObetance of the
gteat Chigotin 1ives on in Oy
OeOoty even noW, as 1ives and
Wi11 1ive his g1oty in the hist-
oty of chess att fot as 1ong as
peop1e p1ay chess . "
0ec1ating theOse1ves discip1es of
Chigotin Wete the vety ta1ented
but unfottunate1y pteOatute1y
deceased, Hudo1ph Chatousek, the
usttian Hudo1ph Spie1Oann, and
Oany othets .
Thtough his cteative Wotk , Chig-
otin active1y inf1uenced the
attitudes of Oany foteign chess-
p1ayets , Who Wete atttacted by
his innovations and the scope of
his ideas, the attistic va1ue of
his sty1e , and fina11y his Who1e-
heatted ove of chess
"It Was chatactetistic of Chigot-
in - Wtote Spie1Oann - that the
Oain thing in chess fot hiO Was
not the nuOetica1 tesu1t , but the
seatch fot ttuth , and thtough
ttuth the thitst fot knoW1edge .
IOOediate1y aftet the end of a
gaOe he Wou1d sit doWn to ana1yse
it . n end1ess Oe1ody of ittat-
iona1ity , not yie1ding to ca1cu1-
ation, the unexp1oted , the inex-
haustib1e , he 1ived thtough a11
this duting the gaOe , but aftet
the gaOe he Wotked tite1ess1y so
that the ittationa1 Was Oade tat-
iona1 and inte11igib1e , the in
ca1cu1ab1e Wotked out ptecise-
1y, the unexp1oted exp1oted ,
this is hoW he fought fot ttuth
in chess att . "
I f We tty to find the Oain thing
that sepatated and distinguished
the figute of Chigotin in the
histoty of chess thought , then it
is this undetstanding of chess as
a fu11-b1ooded att and the tesu1-
ting ftoO this ptincipa1 vieW
that his cteative seatching
shou1d take a ttu1y attistic
1ine .
es , Chigotin Was a gteat chess
attist and hatd1y any of his con-
teOpotaties cou1d coOpate With
hiO in the qua1ity and quantity
of attistic chess ptoductions
cteated by hiO.
the foundet of the Hussian chess
schoo1 , We have in Oind not on1y
his cteative Wotk , due to Which ,
in itse1f, Hussian chessp1ayets
ta11ied atound hiO, but a1so Wotk
in the pub1ic and 1itetaty-ptopa
ganda fie1d , to Which he devoted
Oany yeats of his 1ife.
Chigotin Was the fitst tea1 pub-
1ic chess Wotket , otganiset of
the chess ptess and enthusiast-
ptopagandist in out countty .
Thete Wete Oany sttong Oastets
befote Chigotin, fot exaOp1e .
ettoff and S. WinaWet , but fot
theO chess Was a side-1ine and
thetefote they cou1d not fu11y
appteciate its iOOense cu1tuta1-
educationa1 to1e . The signific-
ance of Chigotin' s active Wotk
fot the deve1opOent of Hussian
nd so Chigotin Was neithet a chess cu1tute Was ieasutab1y
fo11oWet of the ideas of the gteatet .
"o1d" I ta1ian schoo1 , not a chaO-
pion of the positiona1 teachings
of Steinitz . Chigotin Was the
foundet and otganiset of a neW
ptogtessive chess tendency, Which
gave 1ife to the Hussian chess
schoo1 .
oWevet , this schoo1 consisted
not on1y of cteative Wotk, but
a1so otganisationa1 co11abotat-
ion.
When We speak about Chigotin as
I5
Even in his fitst yeats of set-
vice to Hussian chess , Chigotin
otganised the Oagazine "Chess
Sheet" . Though he had a vety Ood-
est incoOe , Chigotin had to put
his oWn Ooney into the business
of btinging out his fitstbotn
Oagazine , since the subsctiptions
( thete Wete not even 250 sub-
sctibets in the Who1e of Hussia | )
coveted on1y patt of the expenses
invo1ved in its pub1ication. In
the end, the Oagazine ceased due
to 1ack of tesoutces . The saOe
fate befe11 anothet pub1ication,
tising out of its ashes and again
conducted by Chigotin "Chess
eta1d" . Nevetthe1ess the 1i tet-
aty and pub1ic ptopaganda activ-
ities of Chigotin expanded ftoO
yeat to yeat . e conducted exten-
sive cottespondence With chess
p1ayets and chess citc1es of
diffetent toWns in Hussia , p1ayed
Oany gaOes by cottespondence , and
ftoO tiOe to tiOe visited the
ptovinces , Whete he sttived to
suppott chess entetptises thtough
siOu1taneous exhibitions and
ta1ks , to heighten intetest in
chess
The otganisationa1 and pub1ic
activity of Chigotin bote its
ftuit . The tanks of Hussian
chessp1ayets incteased Chigot-
in s distinctive and beautifu1
sty1e of p1ay as We11 as his nuO-
etous victoties ovet foteign Oas-
tets , atttacted the syOpathy of
btoad citc1es of Hussian chess-
p1ayets , especia11y the young.
The We11-knoWn chessp1ayet ,
Hosenktantz , Wtote "Chigotin Was
in the fu11 sense of the Wotd "a
tu1et of Oens Oinds" When it
caOe to Hussian chess youth4 e 4 4
11 the young p1ayets found theO-
se1ves undet the spe11 of Chig-
otins e1egant p1ay and the
beauty of his coObinations . "
I6
nothet young conteOpotaty of
Chigotin, E. nosko-6otovsky ,
defined his to1e and p1ace in
Hussian chess 1ife in the fo11oW-
ing 1ive1y Way "Chigotin. . . . you
knoW he teptesents the best in
Hussian chess 1ife , you knoW he -
is the Who1e of out chess 1ife .
To speak about hiO - Oeans to
speak about chess in geneta1 in
Hussia , about the Oost beautifu1
in it, about the gteatest succ-
esses , about the best of its
tiOe , about the supteOe effotts
and Oanifestations of Hussian
chess cteative Wotk. . . Chigotin
has not on1y e1evated the naOe of
Hussian chess to an unptecedented
height , hithetto unattained by
any othet Hussian, but a1so ]ust-
ified his oWn 1ife , as it Wete ,
by actua11y sanctifying chess it-
se1f in Hussia "
"is exceptiona1 ta1ent - teOatk-
ed the ptoOinent Soviet Wtitet
and sttong chessp1ayet , ptofessot
SOitnov , about Chigotin - Was
exptessed in his oWn individua1
sty1e of p1ay , Which he cteated
and Which Was successive1y passed
on ditect1y and inditect1y to a
Who1e ga1axy of discip1es , co1-
outing a11 out Oost tecent chess
cteative Wotk and 1eading to the
estab1ishOent of a Hussian chess
schoo1 "
nd so , the tesu1t o f the Oany-
sided activities of Chigotin Was
the cteation of a native chess
schoo1 tite1ess otganiset , a
pub1icspitited petson, a Wtitet ,
a gteat and otigi ta1ent in
chess att , a passionae and se1f

Mikhai1 Ivanovich Chigotin Was
botn JI ctobet I850 in etets-
butg is fathet Wotked in the
khtensk gunpoWdet Wotks , his
Oothet caOe ftoO peasant stock
Chigotin' s patents died young and
a1teady at ten yeats of age
1itt1e Mischa becaOe an otphan
Soon aftet, thanks to the effotts
of his aunt , in Whose cate he Was
1eft , Mischa enteted the 0at-
chinsk tphans ' Institute
Chigotin began to p1ay chess on1y
at I6 yeats, not 1ong befote he
Was expe11ed ftoO the Institute
fot taking patt in "distutbances"
Which had been ptovoked by the
btuta1ity that had been ditected
against the pupi1s
oWevet , Chigotin' s appeatances
on the hotizons of etetsbutg te-
1ate to an even 1atet petiod
I87JI875 . e encounteted E .
Schiffets , I SchuOov , S WinaWet
Hussian chess ce1ebtities of this
tiOe In the vety fitst sOa11
toutnaOents and Oatches , Chigotin
1ess chess enthusiast , Chigotin
not on1y 1aid the foundations ,
but a1so etected the Oain con-
sttuction of the bui1ding, Whete
Hussian and Soviet chessp1ayets
1atet gteW and Wete nuttuted
The yeat I876 shou1d be Oentioned
as the beginning of Chigotin' s
1itetaty activity In SepteObet
of this yeat caOe out the fitst
nuObet of his Oagazine "Chess
Sheet"
In I8-I880 Chigotin gained the
teputation of being the best
Hussian chessp1ayet , defeating
Schiffets , 1apin, SchOidt ,
shatin, etc in Oatches and
toutnaOents 6eautifu1 coObinat-
ions With sactifices Wound up
Oany of Chigotin ' s attacks and
Oade a sttong iOptession on his
conteOpotaties ete ate tWo ex-
aOp1es
petfotOed With gteat success The diagtaO depicts a position
I7
ftoO a Oatch gaOe , Chigotin-
Schiffets , I880:
24 we7+ | xe7 25 xe7+ f7
( No 1ess beautifu1 is the othet
vatiation: 25. . . 8 26 A4+ f7
27 e8+ 7 28 6 Oate.)
26 6+ 8 27 8+ f8 28 xf8
Oate .
nd hete is the conc1usion of the
1ast encountet of the Oatch ,
1apin-Chigotin, Which took p1ace
in the saOe yeat .
& M1

& B &
J0. . . xg2+ | JI g2 5+ J2 &J
5+ JJ &4 6+ J4 &J| 1+ J5
2 J+ J6 &4| f+ J7 fJ
( p to the ptesent Oove , 1apin
has defended exce11ent1y, but noW
it Wou1d be bettet to continue J7
5 | wg2+ J8 &6 . )
J7. . . xfJ+ J8 &5 xeJ+ J 6
wg2 , and 61ack Won.
Chigotin' s naOe a1so becaOe knoWn
in foteign chess citc1es . is
intetnationa1 debut - patticipat-
ion in the 6et1in intetnational
toutnaOent of I88I - Was Oet With
gteat intetest and ended in an
I8
iOpottant success : the shating of
Jtd and 4th ptizes (aOongst I7
coOpetitots) With WinaWet - one
of the Winnets of the intetnat-
iona1 toutnaOent in atis I878 .
bove hiO Wete on1y 61ackbutne
and ukettott . Chigotin' s victot-
ies ovet L. au1sen, WinaWet ,
SchOidt , HieOann, disp1aying
beautiful cteative ideas, atttac-
ted univetsa1 attention.
In I882 at the intetnationa1
toutnaOent in ienna , occutted
Chigotin 's fitst encountet With
Wi1he1O Steinit , consideted at
that tiOe , due to his nuOetous
bti11iant victoties , the best
chessp1ayet in the Wot1d . The
toutnaOent Was doub1etound and
thetefote the opponents Oet
tWice . We ptesent these high1y
intetesting and stotOy gaOes .
Steinit-Chigotin: King ' s 0aObit
I e4 e5 2 f4 exf4 J fJ g5 4 A4
g4 5 5 4 6 1 6 7 d4 fJ 8
J 6
( The opening tefetence books te-
coend 8. . . d6 J fxg2+ I0
g2 $7 . )
f4 d6 I0 xc6 fxg2+ II g2
bxc6 I2 f 7
( Intetesting1y p1ayed | 61ack does
not feat IJ A h6 A h6 I4 A f7+
&7 and 61ack thteatens a count-
etattack aftet . . . f8 . )
IJ 2 $7 I4 e1 0-0 I5 J
I5. . . 8 I6 O2 d5 |
( sutptising sactifice of a paWn
Which 1eaves White no choice . )
I7 exd5 f5 I8 dJ 5 I 1 4
20 J 6 2I 5 fJ+ 22 I h5
( 61ack has a countetattack |
Steinitz finds the on1y anti-
dote . )
2J d6 |
( Thteatening wh5+ . )
2J . . f5 24 wc7 d8 25 eJ h4 26
O2 xd4
( It Was iOpossib1e to ca1cu1ate
the consequences of the Oove
26. . . O2 . tobab1y Chigotin dec-
ided not to go in fot a position
Whete he Wou1d have to defend
Without any sott of countetp1ay .
np1easant is the vatiation 26 . .
O2 27 7 xf1 28 xg7 | g7 2
A5+ 7 J0 f4 and , despite the
1oss of tWo "exchanges" , White
has a dangetous initiative . 11
the saOe , it Was necessaty fot
Chigotin to go in fot this, since
aftet the Oove chosen by hiO
White ' s initiative ptoves decis-
ive. )
27 e7 xe2 28 Ae2 gJ
I
( 28. . A6 is s1ight1y bettet . )
2 fJ 8 J0 hxgJ hxgJ JI 2
6 J2 A5+ 61ack tesigned.
In the second ha1f, Chigotin took
fu11 tevenge .
Chigotin-Steinitz : Evans 0aObit
I e4 e5 2 fJ 46 J A4 A5 4 b4
( The fitst tiOe Chigotin eOp1oyed
the Evans 0aObit in intetnationa1
ptactice Was at the intetnationa1
toutnaOent in 6et1in 6efote the
6et1in outnaOent , Chigotin
chose this opening in seveta1
gaOes p1ayed by cottespondence in
Hussia . It is high1y intetesting
that , aftet 1osing his fitst gaOe
to Steinitz , he decided to eOp1oy
the gaObit of the 6tit1sh captain
in an iOpottant encountet . Incid-
enta11y , in the fitst ha1f of the
coOpetition, Chigotin had to
defend With 61ack in an Evans
0aObit against ukettott : he de-
c1ined the gaObit With the Oove
4W W M 6 . )
4. . . Ab4 5 cJ f8
(tobab1y teckoning on avoiding
theotetica1 ana1ysis . Chigotin
1atet exptessed the opinion that
even on this Oethod of defence it
is not easy fot White to cteate
an attack . )
6 d4 w7 7 0-0 d6 8 OJ g6 dxe5
dxe5 I0 dI
(1teady having in Oind the coO-
bination: I0. . . f6 II 5 O8 I2
xf7 . )
I04 e 4 6 II d2 6 I2 9 e7
I 95 0-0 I4 Ac6 bxc6 I5 4 c5
( otced , if 61ack Wants to defend
the e5 paWn. I f I5. . . &8 , then I6
54 I7 h Af I8 x 9f4 I
c7 .)
I6 c5 6 I7 4 &8
( 0n I74 4 4 4 Wou1d fo11oW I8
xe5 xe5 I e5 e5 20 e5
Ad1 2I Af8 . )
I8 6 |
( 0bvious1y a coObination Which
Was seen befotehand . )
I8. . . cxd6 I c6 4 20 xd6 7
2I d1
( NoW White thteatens a neW coO-
bination - 22 a8 | I f 2I4 4 4 c8,
then 22 c8 Ac8 2 8 . 61ack
gives up tWo bishops fot the
took , but this on1y postpones
defeat . )
2I. . . 22 xg5 AdI 2 xd1
c8 24 4 6 25 w6 26
6 27 4 &6 28 xe5 e 2
d6 | 8 0 7 O8 I e5
(Chigotin hiOse1f pointed out I
f6+ f6 2 e8+ , Which he did
not notice duting the gaOe . )
20
I. . . a 2 9 xd6 Ad6 &6
4 h 5 f4 6 5 xd6
7 exd6 + 8 2 c5 8+
61ack tesigned .
0espite the fact that Chigotin
Oanaged to gain seveta1 victoties
ovet setious opponents , his ovet-
a11 tesu1t ptoved to be a fai1-
ute . 0ut of 4 gaOes , he scoted a
tota1 of I4 points and shated
I2th and IJth p1aces With
SchWatz .
In the fo11oWing yeat , I88,
Chigotin took patt in the gteat
intetnationa1 toutnaOent in
London (I4 coOpetitots , doub1e
tound) Whete Wete gatheted ptac-
tica11y a11 the best chessp1ayets
in the Wt1d, aOongst WhoO Wete
nuObeted Steinit , ukettott ,
61ackbutne , Mason, Eng1isch,
WinaWet and Mackenzie.
In this toutnaOent , Chigotin coO-
pensated fu11y fot his fai1ute in
ienna . e gained 4th ptize , Won
both gaOes against Steinitz and
exchanged victoties With 61ack-
butne , against WhoO he had a1-
teady 1ost thtee tiOes in pte-
vious coOpetitions . oWevet it
Was not ]ust spotting success ,
but above a11 the sty1e of Chig-
otin' s victoties Which once again
atttacted univetsa1 attention.
is deep1y ideo1ogica1 and put-
posefu1 p1ay , pouting out With
bti11iant , e1egant coObinations,
fat ftoO steteotyped, genuine1y
iovative , atoused ttue adOitat-
ion in chess citc1es .
We give the conc1uding patt of
the gaOe , Chigotin61ackbutne ,
p1ayed at the London toutnaOent .
White is a paWn ahead, but
61ack ' s pieces ate vety active .
NoW he thteatens to decide the
gaOe With the Oove 1 ot .
The defence 1 Wou1d 1ead, aftet
f2 , to a position Which had a1-
teady occutted in the gaOe
( 61ack ' s 1ast Oove Was f1 ) .
Chigotin so1ved the coOp1icated
cteative ptob1eO in the fo11oWing
Way :
JJ O4 |
( White thteatens Oate in thtee
Ooves by w8+ etc. 61ackbutne, a
vety shatp and ingenious chess-
p1ayet , undoubted1y fotesaW this
attack , but teckoned that, having
in tesetve a sactifice of the ex-
change on c1 , he Wou1d be ab1e to
2I
tepu1se the ons1aught of the
opponent . )
JJ. . . a5 J4 c1+
( The on1y continuation, but seeO-
ing to be sufficient to save
hiO. )
J5 &c1 1+ J6 2 |
( 61ack counted on J6 1 , Which
W1d have a11oWed hiO to catty
out a beautifu1 coObination
J6. . . J+ | J7 cxdJ cJ+ J8 1
AdJ+ J xdJ dJ+ secuting a
dtaW . )
J6. . . 7 J7 d4| 9f5
( I f noW J7. . . J+ , then J8 dJ
AdJ J 6 . )
J8 b4 c5 J bxc5 dxc5 40 4 2
4I 7+ 6 42 7+ 7 4J 5+
6 44 7+ 7 45 2+ 6 46
9f1+ c4
( 0t 46. . . J 47 d7 | )
47 Ac4+ and Oate in tWo Ooves .
"0tganisation and activity |
this is the passWotd and s1ogan
of those Who Wotk fot the futute
of chess in out 1and - exc1aiOed
Chigotin in the pages of "Chess
eta1d" . It is not enough to 1ove
and study chess , a11 chess
enthusiasts Oust unite in otdet
to achieve coOOon aiOs . It is not
enough to unite in societies ,
these societies Oust 1ive a fu11
1ife , Wotk , ptope1 theOse1ves and
othets fotWatd . "
Chigotin advanced the idea of
cteating an 11-Hussian chess
union With annua1 congtesses and
toutnaOents in diffetent toWns .
This idea , it is ttue , Was not
destined to be fu1fi11ed in the
conditions of the autoctatic
tegiOe Which ptevai1ed at the
tiOe. 6ut , a11 the saOe , Chig-
otin ' s activity bote its ftuit .
Chess societies Wete fotOed in
Oany toWns . In etetsbutg and
MoscoW, chess OoveOents began

toO I88 began a neW and vety
iOpottant petiod in the cteative
1ife of Chigotin. e once again
ttave11ed abtoad, in otdet to
defend the co1outs of Hussian
chess att in a sttugg1e against
the Wot1d chaOpion, Steinitz .
This sttugg1e Was not a usua1
spotting due1 , but a c1ash of tWo
cteative ttends , Which, statting
With the decade I880I80, becaOe
a pivot fot the deve1opOent of
Wot1d chess att .
Steinitz , the cteatot and 1eadet
of the positiona1 schoo1 , Which
he tetOed "Oodetn" , du1y tecog-
nised the ta1ent of Chigotin, but
caOe fotWatd With stateOents
about the ptincipa1 ettoneousness
of his vieWs .
The significance of coObinations ,
Which fot Chigotin setved as
22
aOongst students .
"Tite1ess enetgy , passionate 1ove
and se1f1ess Wotk a11 of his
sttength , a11 of his 1ife, a11 of
hiOse1f , Chigotin gave to chess
att" this is hoW the We11knoWn
Chigotinophi1e, N. 0tekov , chatac-
tetised the pub1ic, 1itetaty and
otganisationa1 activity of the
gteat Hussian chessp1ayet .
beacons fot his attistic putpose-
fu1ness , Steinitz teduced a1Oost
to the 1eve1 of siOp1e tactica1
Ootives , consideting that , upon a
good and cottect defence , coObin-
ations ought not to have a p1ace
in the coutse of a chess
sttugg1e .
The Who1e of his theoty of posit-
iona1 sttugg1e , Steinitz 1aid
doWn in a seties of 1aWs and
ptincip1es , cteating a vety basis
fot so1ving cteative ptob1eOs by
Oeans of eva1uation and undet-
standing of geneta1 chatactetist-
ics .
With such an apptoach to chess
( by Which , incidenta11y, Steinitz
hiOse1f Was fat ftoO a1Ways guid-
ed and Which his "b1ind" adOitets
vety uick1y Oade so Ouch of) ,
the 1iving cteative ptocess Was ,
to a cettain extent , inevitab1y
substituted by Wotship of dtyish
ptincip1es and theotetica1
canons , Whi1e the cteative indiv-
ia1ity of a chessp1ayet Was
1eve11ed and even etased . nd
though, in the positiona1 teach-
ings of Steinit thete Was Ouch
neW , ftesh and ptogtessive , on
such gtound inevitab1y had to
deve1op, and 1atet actua11y did
deve1op , the toots of dogOatisO.
patticu1at1y neat and deat to us)
of the cteative Wotk of Chigotin
Was his sttiving to avoid, as fat
as possib1e, We11-ttodden paths.
Chigotin Was a fietce eneOy of
steteotype . is expetiOenta1 p1ay
in the opening tiOe and again
gave tise to stotOy ctiticisO by
his conteOpotaties , Who stuck
sttict1y to the Way of Steinit
positiona1 teachings .
ot Chigotin, as We have a1teady It shou1d be eOphasised that
Oentioned, chess Was a continua1-
1y deve1oping att .
The distinguishing featute of
Chigotins Oethod of p1ay con-
sisted of btinging to a high
1eve1 of petfection, the conctete
definition of a position, that is
deciding it not on the basis of
geneta1 posi tiona1 considetat-
ions , but by Oeans of the ca1cu1-
ation of conctete vatiations . 0f
coutse, not a11 positions 1ent
theOse1ves to ca1cu1ations of
this sott , and Chigotin did not
a1Ways have to depen upon the
ca1cu1ation of vatiations fot his
decisions . 6ut When ca1cu1ation
Was possib1e , Chigotin usua11y
cattied this out to OaxiO depth
and in this Way tevea1ed heavi1y
vei1ed featutes of a position,
Which fot Oany of his opponents
tained unfathoOab1e sectets .
nothet featute ( and in addition
2J
Chigotin s cteative seatchings,
his thitst fot the neW, the un-
knoWn, Wete not anatchic atteOpts
to ptotest against the ptincip1es
of the "Oodetn schoo1" . e not
on1y tecognised the tight of Oany
of these ptincip1es to exist , but
a1so he hiOse1f Was at tiOes pte-
pated to be guided by theO. It
Was nt the actua1 1aWs and ptin-
cip Which Chigotin condeOned,
as Oany thought , not at a11 . e
Was ptotesting on1y against the
excessive 1iOitation of the
cteative ptocess by these 1aWs
and ptincip1es . e Oaintained
that they Wete not the beginning
and end of the cteative 1ine of
chess thought , that this 1ine Was
fat btoadet than the existing
positiona1 dogOa , and Watned that
otientation on1y on these ptin-
cip1es pata1ysed the f1ight of
cteative iOagination of a chess-
p1ayet and, as it Wete, deptived
hiO of the possibi1ity of becoO-
ing a tea1 attist , an active
patticipant in the ptocess of the
deve1oent of chess thought .
"In geneta1 , the gaOe of chess -
Wtote Chigotin in his faOous
attic1e "The opening and its
1ogica1 deve1opOent" is fat
tichet than is to be gatheted
ftoO the existing theoty Which
endeavouts to coOptess it Within
definite nattoW bounds . "
Seeing Chigotin as a ta1ented and
ptincipa1 opponent of his vieWs,
Steinitz hiOse1f announced his
naOe as the Oost Wotthy ptetendet
to the Wot1d chaOpion' s tit1e. e
Wanted, of coutse , to take te-
venge fot the thtee defeats Which
he had suffeted in the toutn-
aOents at ienna and London.
nd so , Chigotin enteted into a
due1 With the Wot1d chaOpion. The
Oatch took p1ace in avana in
anuaty-ebtuaty I88 . In this
contest , the cteative dispute of
the tWo gteat chessp1ayets tevo1-
ved Oain1y atound the Evans 0aO-
bit, Which Chigotin offeted in
a11 the gaOes ( except one) , Whete
he p1ayed White . Steinitz g1ad1y
accepted the gaObit , consideting
it , in accotdance With the ptin-
cip1es Which he had enciated,
as being incottect .
The beginning of the Oatch Was
24
Oatked by setious Oistakes on
both sides . Thus, in the fitst
gaOe , on an a1teady coOpatative1y
eOpty boatd , Steinitz sudden1y
ovet1ooked the 1oss of a piece .
n outtight "b1undet" of a piece
Was Oade a1so by Chigotin in the
fifth gaOe . 0toss ettots 1ikeWise
Oatted the coutse of the second
and thitd encountets . This can
appatent1y be exp1ained by the
1ack of ttaining of the contest-
ants , patticu1at1y Chigotin, Who ,
ftoO I88J to I88, Was not ab1e
to p1ay one officia1 gaOe . It Was
a1so not easy to get acc1iOatised
to the ttopica1 c1iOate of
avana .
ftet eight encountets , the scote
Was 4-4 , Whi1e the gaOes p1ayed
With the Evans 0aObit gave Chig-
otin a 2-I advantage .
0ne of the Oost bti11iant of
Chigotins effotts in this con-
test Was in the seventh gaOe .
Chigotin-Steinitz : Evans 0aObit
I e4 e 2 fJ 6 J A4 A5 4 b4
Ab4 5 cJ 95 6 0-0 &6
(Steinitz ' oWn invention, With
Which he intended to inf1ict a
shatteting b1oW upon Chigotin.
oWevet , the Weapon tebounded
against its authot . )
7 d4 e7 8 $5
( In the I5th and I7th gaOes ,
Chigotin stuck to a diffetent
Oove-order 8 D O8 O4 6 j in
the I Ith gaOe , . . . b6 Was tried,
but this proved unsatisfactory|
I0 $5, Which is probab1y the
Oost convincing refutation of
Steinitz ' defence . )
8. . . 6 d5 O8 I0 4 6
( In the Ith gaOe, Steinitz re-
p1ied l0 4 4 f6 and obtained a
quite satisfactory position. That
is Why Chigorin caOe to p1ay d5
and 4 With the 61ack queen on
f6 . )
I I 6 I2 Ae7 e7 I xe5
&6 I4 f wc I5 e5 c6 I6 d6+
8 I7 h6 I8 4 g5 I 5
20 dl
( 20 xg5 6 Wou1d not be so
energetic . NoW, hoWever, on
20. . . 6 Wou1d fo11oW 2I wg6
fxg6 22 e6 7 2 fe1 | With the
Win of a piece . )
20. . . 7 2I 2
( In Steinitz ' opinion, 2I e6 xe6
22 Ae6 fxe6 2 5 fo11oWed by
d 1ed at once to victory . The
Oove 2I e6 is striking and Chig-
orin cou1d hard1y have Oissed
the possibi1ity pointed out by
Steinitz . 0id not Chigorin notice
the fact that, after 2 5 8
24 g4| , With the threat
. . . 5 , White s attack coOes up
against obstac1es? The quiet
bringing up of reserves, chosen
by Chigorin, does not 1eave 61ack
even the faintest chance to save
the gaOe . )
2I . . . 7 22 d4 6 2 4 D 24
25
f5+ &8 25 wg5 wg5 26 xg5
( The pieces on 61ack ' s queen' s
f1ank find theOse1ves para1ysed
and , to a11 intents and purposes ,
in the forthcoOing batt1e White
has a rook and bishop advantage.
Instead of atteOpting to Oobi1ise
the forces on the queen's f1ank ,
say by Oeans of 5 and b6 or
a5-a4 , Steinitz Oakes tWo insipid
Ooves , Which a11oWs Chigorin to
conc1ude the attack in bri11iant
sty1e . )
26. . . h4 27 l 28 f4 6 2
g4 hxg 0xg 6
I xf7 | f7 2 f5 8 fxe6
dxe6 2 4 61ack resigned .
6ut , a11 the saOe , the creative
discussion revo1ving around the
Evans 0aObit , reOained unreso1ved
in the first Oatch. 0espite the
unsatisfactory nature of the def-
ence 6. . . &6, Chigorin obtained
on1y a OiniOa1 advantage of one
point ( +4 - I ) .
MeanWhi1e, the gaOes in Which
Chigorin p1ayed 61ack revea1ed
his 1ack of preparation for def-
ending positions arising froO the
een' s 0aObit . 0ut of eight of
these encounters, Chigorin 1ost
seven, in severa1 putting up on1y
Weak resistance . articu1ar1y
characteristic in this respect is
the 4th gaOe .
Steinitz-Chigorin ueen s 0aObit
I Of O 2 d4g4
( This Oove received its inter-
nationa1 baptisO in a gaOe of the
te1egraph Oatch betWeen ondon
and etersburg, Which took p1ace
in I886-I887 . In his annotations
to it, Chigorin Wrote "The
reason, Which proOpted us to
choose this Oove Was above a11
the desire to avoid the usua1 Way
of deve1opOent in the present
opening . In the variation I d4 d5
2 Of Of6 e, the Oove . . . 4
is not considered good for 61ack ,
though practice does not provide
confirOation of this opinion. In
five or six gaOes knoWn to us,
appearing in the press , With
these opening Ooves - above a11
in gaOes in Which WinaWer Was
p1aying 61ack - We did not notice
any negative side to the position
of the bishop on g4. " )
4 f
( In Oaking this exchange , Chig-
orin reckoned , in the event of 4
exf, on Oaking the paWn an
obect of attack , Whi1e after 4
26
gxf it is difficu1t for White to
cast1e - tWo concrete ca1cu1at-
ions | Steinitz , hoWever , con
sidered the exchange favourab1e
for White in vieW of the "advan-
tage of the tWo bishops" Which he
obtains . nd so We have a differ-
ence of ideas and eva1uations
froO the very first Ooves | ater ,
Chigorin a1so exchanged on f in
a astings gaOe against asker . )
4 gxf e6 5 cxd5 wd5
( It Wou1d have been better for
Chigorin to p1ay 46 on the 4th
Oove, as he continued in the
above-Oentioned gaOe against
asker , noW 5. . . exd5 is not good
because of 6 O. )
6 e4 4+ 7 4 5 8 2 46?
(6ut after this error 61ack is
faced With insuperab1e difficu1t-
ies . )
d5 exd5 I0 a|
( Materia1 1oss for 61ack is in-
evitab1e. )
I0. . . O4 I I
( Not I I axb4? at once , in vieW of
I I . . . wal . 61ack cannot retreat
the bishop, upon Which Wou1d
fo11oW Oxd5 .)
I I . . . 0-0-0 I2 axb4 4f+ I wf
al+ I4 2 b2 I5 l I6
O5 6 I7 f7 O6 I8 I 6
( 0r I8. . . c6 I f4 With the
threat xc6+ . )
I g7 dxe4 20 wc7+ wc7 2I
xc7+ 8 22 e4 61ack resigned.
The Oatch Was p1ayed to the best
of 20 gaOes , but a1ready after
the I7th encounter , Steinitz , by
scoring I0 points ( +I0 -6 I )
Was ab1e to defend his tit1e of
the strongest chessp1ayer of the
g1obe
It Was, in a11 , a Oonth after the
end of the Oatch With Steinitz
When Chigorin once again entered
the fie1d of batt1e, by taking
part in the great internationa1
tournaOent in NeW ork 20 con-
testants , doub1e-round , 8 gaOes
( in fact Oore , since , in the sec-
ond ha1f, draWs Were rep1ayed) ,
on1y a passionate , Who1ehearted
1ove of chess cou1d have induced
Chigorin to accept this neW 1oad ,
virtua11y Without a rest after
the tiring Oatch against Stein
itz .
The backbone of the participants
of the NeW ork tournaOent con-
sisted of Oerican Oasters, head-
ed by 0e1Oar , ipschutz , anhaO
and ShoWa1ter . Eng1ish chess Was
very strong1y represented in the
personage of the venerab1e 61ack-
burne and Mason, Whi1e a1so the
internationa1 debutants 6urn and
0unsberg had appeared in tourn-
aOents With great success in
their country ina11y , great in-
terest Was aroused by the partic-
ipation of the ustro-ungarian
chaOpion, Weiss , Who had perforO-
ed very successfu11y in severa1
27
internationa1
Europe .
tournaOents in
The tournaOent 1asted about tWo
Oonths . Chigorin conducted the
strugg1e enterprising1y, sharp1y ,
coObinative1y , at tiOes riski1y .
is p1ay earned hiO the genera1
syOpathy of spectators and high
praise froO Steinitz . Chigorin
shared 1st and 2nd prizes With
Weiss .
Wr1d pub1ic opinion unaniOous1y
recognised the need for a second
Oatch betWeen Chigorin and Stein-
itz for the chess croWn.
Such a due1 soon did take p1ace ,
but before this there occurred
severa1 iOportant events .
irst1y , the Oatch betWeen Chig-
orin and 0unsberg , Which Was he1d
in avana again, at the end of
I88 - beginning of I80. The
strugg1e, surprising1y for Oany ,
assuOed a stubborn character and
ended With a 1eve1 score - + -
^5 o 0f course , this resu1t did
not ref1ect the actua1 re1ative
strengths , but it opened the Way
for 0unsberg to a Oatch With
Steinitz , Which , as is We11
knoWn, brought a neW victory for
the Wor1d chaOpion.
Second1y, the te1egraph Oatch
betWeen Chigorin and Steinitz
( I80I8I ) , Which Was one of the
centra1 episodes of the creative
discussion Which Was deve1oping
betWeen theO.
s far back as I88 , a dispute
arose betWeen the tWo chessp1ay-
ers over these tWo positions
The first is reached in the Evans
0aObit after I e4 e5 2 Of46
4 5 4 b4 b4 5 c 5 6 00
6 7 d4 6 , the other in
the TWo Knights 0efence, after I
e4 e5 2 Of 46 4 Of6 4
d5 5 exd5 5 6 5+ c6 7 dxc6
bxc6 8 A2 h6
28
In both cases , Steinit consider-
ed that the side having the extra
paWn shou1d Win . Chigorin cou1d
not agree With such an assess-
Oent . It is necessary, hoWever ,
to state that in respect of the
second position, he by no Oeans
he1d a diaOetrica11y opposite
vieW, as is depicted by N. 0rekov
in his book "M. I . Chigorin" .
TiOe and again, Chigorin pointed
out that it required a great dea1
of practice in order to draW any
kind of definite conc1usions
about the positions at issue in
the TWo Knights 0efence, and that
he did not even draW theO after
his victory in the Oatch by te1e-
graph . Chigorin a1so said 1ater
that instead of Of, Was
Worthy of attention. With regard
to the position froO the Evans
0aObit , Chigorin expressed hiO-
se1f Oore categorica11y , consid-
ering a1ready that 61ack ' s 6th
Oove &6 Was unsatisfactory .
It Was not Chigorin, but Stein-
it , Who endeavoured to give the
Oatch a principa1 character , by
portraying it as a c1ash of the
"dern" and "o1d" schoo1s.
In one of his annotations re1at-
ing to the first gaOe , after 8
5 6 D 8 I0 4 6 II
c I2 2 , Steinit , after
reference to his Oove I2. . . 7 ,
noted "In genera1 I Oay reOark
that Oy antagonist ' s attack is of
the saOe description as in Oost
of the gaOes Which We have p1ayed
together and it is representative
of the o1d schoo1 . e be1ieves in
advancing the paWns and sacrific-
ing one or Oore of theO in order
to create difficu1ties on the
king ' s side , or for the rpose
of b1ocking his opponent s
pieces , Whereas I Oaintain that
the king is a strong piece that
can usua11y take care of itse1f,
and that in his sty1e of attack
Chigorin has to eOp1oy poWerfu1
pieces in order to b1ock inferior
ones . In the end , I opine that as
usua1, Oy Oinor pieces Wi11
thorough1y deve1op, Whi1e his far
advanced paWns , Which cannot re-
trace their steps , Wi11 forO Weak
Oarks for Oy oWn u1tiOate counter
attack . or the present I aO a
paWn ahead, but I aO 1ike1y to
1ose it, as on previous occas-
ions , in order to rectify Oy pos-
ition 0r in other Words , if the
sacrificing tactics ho1d good, I
ave one paWn to spare for the
purpose . "
pon this se1f-confident tirade
Chigorin gave the fo11oWing
reproof, Which is an unusua11y
vivid ref1ection of his creative
out1ook
" I do not consider Oyse1f be1ong
2
ing to this or that "schoo1" , I
aO guided not by abstract theo-
retica1 considerations on the
coOparative strength of pieces
etc . , but on1y the data as it
appears to Oe in this or that
position of the gaOe , Which
serves as an obect of detai1ed
and possib1y precise ana1ysis
Each of Oy Ooves presents itse1f
as a feasib1e inference froO a
series of variations in Which
theoretica1 "princip1es of p1ay"
can have on1y a very 1iOited sig-
nificance . "
t the end o f the Oatch, in
Which , as is We11-knoWn, Steinit
suffered crue1 defeats in both
gaOes , he neverthe1ess tried to
save the reputation of the
"Oodern schoo1 . " "It reOains ,
therefore , a fair question, Which
I trust Wi11 be put to another
test either over the board or by
correspondence , Whether or not I
have overshot the Oark in the tWo
innovations Which have been the
bone of contention. 6ut so far
froO the p1ay in the cab1e Oatch
being a proof contrary to the
doctrines of the Oodern schoo1 , I
think that iOpartia1 experts Wi11
have to recognise that the Huss-
ian Oaster ' s tactics seeO to shoW
a conversion to the neW ideas or
at any rate that the Oodern prin-
cip1es have Oade their iOpression
on his sty1e ( ust 1ike on that
of Oost p1ayers of the neW gener-
ation) . . . . 6ut I fee1 sure that
the Oatch Wi11 not affect the
Oodern schoo1 , Which is accepted
in theory and practice aOongst
first c1ass Oasters . Nor can I
adOit that Oy oWn vieWs about the
tWo openings in dispute have been
coOp1ete1y disproved . "
In another artic1e, Steinitz
quoted a 1etter Which he had
received froO Chigorin, Where ,
incidenta11y , the Hussian Oaster
Wrote : "True friends of chess
Oust be thankfu1 to you for the
interest Which you constant1y
aWake With your innovations and
for your aversion to routine-1ike
p1ay . s knoWn to you , I do not
share your theory and princip1es
coOp1ete1y , Which , hoWever, does
not prevent Oe froO appreciating
theO. 6ut you are doing Oe an in-
ustice , dear Mr . Steinitz , When
you ascribe to Oe a one-sided
vieW about the treatOent of the
king 's f1ank . fter a11 , We are
probab1y both right in our vieWs
about the conduct of the gaOe . In
soOe of your oWn best gaOes you
have a1so not denied to yourse1f
the attack on the roya1 f1ank . "
This interesting 1etter , as it
Were , finding a Way to bring to-
gether both points of vieW, did
not Oeet With a due response froO
Steinitz . "I Oay ansWer - he
0
Wrote - that soOe critics Who
have systeOatica11y c1aiOed Chig-
orin as be1onging exc1usive1y to
the o1d schoo1 are Oore respons-
ib1e for his being charged With
one-sided vieWs than I aO. oW-
ever his 1etter on the subect of
the 1ate cab1e Oatch Wi11 no
doubt confirO in the Oain Oy
coOOents on his sty1e of p1ay . "
We see that Chigorin had great
respect not on1y for Steinitz
persona11y , but a1so, to a 1arge
extent , for his ideas about pos-
itiona1 princip1es . Even if he
did not agree With Steinitz ,
Chigorin Was capab1e of Oaking an
obective assessOent of his
vieWs .
The chess Wor1d heaped great
praise upon Chigorin' s victory .
The arisien Oagazine "a
Strategie" Wrote : "This Oighty
batt1e is over : the "o1d" schoo1
has gained a victory over the
"Oodern" . We are cheered by this
resu1t , because We prefer bri11-
iant coObinations , though they do
not represent strict1y theoretic
a1 p1ay, to skifu1 and correct
p1ay , the Oain basis of Which is
to not 1ose sight of the draW. "
This interesting appraisa1 o f the
Oatch is, of course, priOitive .
The tWo trends of chess thought
Which caOe up againt each other ,
Were depicted as correct p1ay
according to theory ( Steinitz )
and bri11iant coObinations ( Chig-
orin) , Whi1e the outcoOe of the
strugg1e - as a victory of the
"o1d" over the "Oodern" . nfor
tunate1y a siOi1ar interpretation
Was Oade by ny peop1e, aOongst
WhoO Were a1so nuObered ussian
chessp1ayers . Chigorin Was high1y
grieved by this such a vu1gar-
isation of chess sickened hiO.
nd so the question of a second
Oatch for the Wr1d chaOpionship
betWeen Chigorin and Steinitz
caOe to be on the agenda Stein
itz refused an offer to p1ay the
Oatch in etersburg, and Chigorin
had to trave1 once again to hot
avana .
The Oatch Was p1ayed to ten Won
gaOes .
"The first Oove in the first gaOe
of the great chess contest bet-
Ween the tWo strongest p1ayers of
our tiOe Was Oade by Chigorin on
2 anuary at 2 . J0 p. O. In the
first gaOe, Chigorin dreW the
White pieces as everybody ex-
pected , he offered the Evans 0aO-
bit . 6ut this tiOe Steinitz re-
frained froO his previous defence
With the queen and preferred to
go back to the o1d variations ,
ana1ysed even by nderssene e 4 0n
the Ith Oove, Chigorin, after I5
JI
Oinutes ref1ection, sacrificed a
knight "
This is hoW the first report ran
on the Oatch (I82 ) froO avana
ere is this gaOe
ChigorinSteinitz : Evans 0aObit
I e4 e5 2 OfJ6 J 4 5 4 b4
Ab4 5 cJ 95 6 00 d6
( Concerning this Oove, Chigorin
rarked : "or soOe reason Stein-
itz varies froO his defence 6 . .
6 . " )
7 d4 $4 8 5 exd4 cxd4 97 I0
2 e7 II Ad7+ wd7 I2J6
IJ4 6 I4 a4 c6 I5 e5
( "The fo11oWing continuation is
a1so possib1e: I5 d5 0-0 I6 Oxb6
axb6 I7 4 f6 I8 b6 cxd5 I
exd5 jI . . 4d5 20J etc .|, but
With the recovery of the paWn,
White ' s attack is Weakened . " )
I5. . . d5 I 6 O6 8 I 7 9J 8 I8
DI f5
I Oxf7 | |
( oW Oany exc1aOation Oarks Were
bestoWed upon this Oove in the
press | Chigorin hiOse1f a1so
accoOpanied it With this Oark .
nd on1y EOanue1 Lasker expressed
the opinion that I a5 Wou1d have
1ed Oore rapid1y to the goa1 .
Chigorin intended to p1ay this in
rep1y to I8. . . 8 but When he
saW a beautifu1 Way to victory
With the sacrifice of a knight ,
after I8. . . f5 , then he chose
this possibi1ity . Later ana1ysis
shoWed that the Oove I a5 a1so
ought to have 1ed to a Win, but
in D Way can this take anything
aWay froO Chigorin' s bri11iant
coObinative idea . )
I. . . &f7 20 e6+ &e6 2I 5 8
( EOanue1 Lasker considered that
2I . 4 4 8 Was better here , but ,
after 22 1 6 , for soOe reason
continued 2J g4 , Whereas siOp1y
2J Ae7 Wou1d decide the gaOe at
once . )
22 1 6 2J 5 g6 24 Ae7+
&e7 25 xg6+ 6 26xh8 Ad4 27
J 7 28 fJ xh8 2 g4 g8 J0
6+ 6 JI xf5+
( n attack carried out in
irreproachab1e sty1e | 61ack re-
signed . )
In other gaOes p1ayed With the
Evans 0aObit, Steinitz a1so de-
cided not to fa11 back on his
defence 64 4 4 6 . The overa11
score of these proved to be Oore
favourab1e for Chigorin than in
the first Oatch ( +4 -I J) .
J2
With White , Steinitz at first
stuck to the Oove I e4. In the
Spanish 0aOe he achieved an over-
Whe1Oing advantage +J -I . oWever
the strugg1e bore the character
of a principa1 discussion on the
TWo Knights 0efence , Where
Steinitz tried to defend the
"te1egraph" retreat J on the
th Oove . The 6th gaOe ended in a
success for hiO, but in the three
fo11oWing even nuObered encount-
ers he Was crushed and so then
refrained froO his experiOent . We
present the I2th gaOe .
Steinitz-Chigorin: TWo Knights
I e4 e5 2 fJ 6 J 4 f6 4
d5 5 exd5 5 6 5+ c6 7 dxc6
bxc6 8 A2 h6 J 5 I0 00
( In the gaOe by te1egraph , p1ay
Went I0 dJ 00 II J 5 I2 4
96 IJI f5 , and 61ack obtained
an attack. In the 8th and 1th
gaOes , Steinitz retreated the
bishop on the eighth Oove to f1 ,
but he Was not ab1e to guarantee
the security of his king. In the
present gaOe he tries to shie1d
his king froO attack by Oeans of
king ' s side cast1ing . oWever ,
With the position of the knight
on hJ j instead of fJ| , this
standard Oethod of defence does
not achieve its aiO. )
I0o 4 00 I I cJ 7 I2 4
( In Chigorin' s opinion, Steinitz ,
even in doOestic ana1ysis, in-
tended this euvre, the idea
of Which is to bring the een
over to the defence of the king ' s
f1ank . 6ut , as is seen froO the
gaOe , this p1an proves to be a
fai1ure therefore soOe peop1e
considered that the best con
tinuation here Wou1d be I2 dJ.
0ne can ob]ect to this since the
dJ paWn Wou1d be dooOed after
I2. . . f5 , fo11oWed by 7 and
d8 . In our opinion, Steinitz had
to p1ay I2 d4| exd4 IJ f4 and
White has quite a feW resources
in the strugg1e . It Was not in
the spirit of the Wor1d chaOpion,
hoWever , to give back a gaObit
paWn Without coOpu1sion - this
Wou1d be a vio1ation of one of
the princip1es proc1aiOed by
hiO. )
I2. . . hJ IJ gxhJ 6 I4 dJ
I5 fJ
( Steinitz considered that this
Oove Was Weak, but White hard1y
has a sufficient defence against
the attack by . . . f5 . is king is
insecure and the pieces on the
queen s f1ank are not deve1oped . )
I5. . . 6 I6 O4 A7 I7 I f5 I8
d5+
( The on1y defence against . . . e4 . )
I8. . . cxd5 I 2 f6 20 I e4 2I
d4 g6 22 O5 g5 2J 4
( It turns out that 2J 2 is iO
possib1e because of Oate in J
Ooves - g1+ etc . )
2J. . . 6+ 24 c4 dxc4 25 f4 cJ+ 26
2 eJ+ White resigned.
JJ
( convincing gaOe , Which sued
up the creative discussion about
the paWn sacrifice Which 1ies at
the base of the TWo Knights
defence . )
The threat of defeat hang over
Steinitz . fter the Ith gaOe ,
the score Was +8 -7 4 in favour
of Chigorin. Then Steinitz sWit
ched to the p1atforO of the
ueen ' s 0aObit . 6efore the 2Jrd
gaOe , Which Was destined to be
the 1ast , the Wor1d chaOpion
a1ready had a point advantage .
The denoueOent caOe about sur
prising1y , in the position
depicted in the diagraO.
Chigorin has an extra piece and,
of course , he ought to Win. In
that case , With the score ,
the Oatch Was due to be continued
to three Won gaOes . oWever there
fo11oWed J2 4 and after
J2. . . xh2+ White is Oated .
The Oatch With Steinitz ended the
first stage of Chigorin' s creat-
ive activity , in Which he
encountered Oain1y Oasters of the
o1d generation, Who began their
chess 1ife in the 50 s and 60 s
of the Ith century : 61ackburne,
Mackenzie , Eng1isch , Hosentha1 ,
ukertort , L . au1sen, WinaWer,
SchuOov , and, fina11y, the first
Wor1d chaOpion, Steinitz . Chig
orin fai1ed to do batt1e on1y
With the faOous do1ph nderssen,
Who passed aWay in I87 , before
Chigorin s entry into the inter
nationa1 arena . nderssen, hoW
ever , Was one of the beacons ,
Which 1it up the Who1e 1ength of
Chigorins creative path , as is
Witnessed by the great dea1 of
Oateria1 pub1ished in the pages
of this book .

The year I8J opened a neW stage
in Chigorin s creative activity .
e had encounters in prospect
With the Oighty cohort of Oasters
of the neW generation, Which dev
e1oped in the 80 s-0s and at
once took up a 1eading position
in Wor1d chess 1ife . 1ready
gaining Wor1d faOe Was the strict
"1aWyer" Tarrasch , the Oost ta1
ented fo11oWers of Steinitz -
i11sbury and Lasker , the suc
cessors of Weiss - the ustro-
ungarian Oasters, Marco and
Sch1echter , then 1ater Maroczy ,
TeichOann, anoWski . It Was With
these that Chigorin Was about to
cross sWords in the 1ast decade
of the Ith century .
roO I8J to I00, Chigorin took
part in nine great tournaOents .
e had a preceding ( in I8J) iO
portant Oatch With Tarrasch . The
0erOan chaOpion, not Without
foundation, Was at that tiOe con-
J4
sidered the Oain riva1 of Stein
itz in the strugg1e for the chess
"throne" . The unofficia1 Oatch
Was seen as a contest for the
chess chaOpionship of Europe .
Tarrasch had to his credit three
first prizes in internationa1
tournaOents at 6res1au I88 , Man
chester I80 and 0resden I82 ,
and out of 5J gaOes p1ayed here
he 1ost on1y one | ossessing fine
positiona1 intuition, Tarrasch ,
at the saOe tiOe, conducted the
strugg1e very active1y , attacked
Oagnificent1y, coObined exce11en
t1y , hard1y ever Oade a serious
oversight , 1et a1one a "b1under" ,
and Was an outstanding expert on
opening theory and the endgaOe .
Tarrasch ' s chess technique Was at
a high 1eve1, but a particu1ar1y
iOportant p1ace in his creative
Work Was taken by the p1anning of
a gaOe . In other Words , there Was
a serious test in prospect for
the creative vieWs and sty1e of
Chigorin.
The experience of the strugg1e
With Steinitz , of course, did not
pass Without 1eaving its Oark on
Chigorin. e understood the need
to Work out Oore di1igent1y an
opening p1atforO for 61ack
against the Spanish 0aOe and the
ueen s 0aObit , Whi1e, When p1ay-
ing White - to deviate froO the
boundaries of theoretica1 routine
in those cases When the opponent ,
on I e4, refrained froO the rep1y
I . . 4 e5 . In the creative Work of
Chigorin Was fina11y put together
and reinforced that rea1istic
sty1e Which Was to bring hiO a
great nuOber of victories in
future batt1es . deeper and Oore
coOprehensive penetration into
the secrets of positions, re]ect-
ion of un]ustified risk , Oastery
of the creation of coObinative
situations in sharp Oidd1egaOes ,
raising of the technique of act-
ive defence and endgaOes - a11
these rea1istic features of his
sty1e Chigorin brought to the
arena of the strugg1e against the
Oighty 0erOan chaOpion.
nd though , as a1so in his Oatch
With Steinitz , Chigorin did not
a1Ways succeed in overcoOing his
"rebe11ious" inc1inations , the
Oatch ended n a draW - - ( not
counting draWs) . This score shoW-
J5
ed that Chigorin cou1d bo1d1y
enter into batt1e With European
chess youth and, in the strugg1e
With theO, defend the creative
vieWs and Oethods of the Hussian
chess schoo1 .
Chigorin s theoretica1 innovating
Oanifested itse1f in the Oove 2
w2 in the rench 0efence and O7
in the Spanish 0aOe . 6oth opening
"discoveries" brought good res-
u1ts
The reader Wi11 find stateOents
about the Oove 2 w2 , taken froO
the above Oentioned artic1e "The
opening and its 1ogica1 deve1op-
Oent", aOongst the gaOe annotat-
ions .
Interesting po1eOics deve1oped
betWeen Chigorin and his oppon-
ents regarding the p1an With O7 .
Thus , in the I7th Oatch gaOe With
arrasch , after I e4 e5 2 OfJ46
J 5 a6 4 4 Of6 5 4J d6 6 d4
O7 7 2 , he p1ayed 7. . . f6 .
=N
@ @ @C@

)

This Oove Was round1y condeOned
by Oany coentators , Who dec1ar
ed, in particu1ar , that the Weak
ness of the Oove Was so obvious
that a theoretician such as r .
Tarrasch Wou1d exp1oit it Without
di fficu1ty .
ssessing Chigorin' s idea froO
the point of vieW of Oodern open-
ing princip1es , it is not diffi
cu1t to see that , With his 7th
Oove , he in fact anticipates the
forOation of a defensive systeO
in the Spanish 0aOe , Which is not
infrequent1y seen in our day I
e4 e5 2 OfJ 46 J 5 a6 4 94 d6
5 c6+ bxc6 6 d4 f6 . It is true
that the triang1e of paWns ,
d6e5-f6, is today forOed in a
soOeWhat different Way , but the
prototype of such a forOation
be1ongs , Without doubt , to Chig
orin
" I do not see the Weakness of the
Oove f7-f6 - retorted Chigorin to
his critics Not having the
possibi1ity of foreseeing a11 the
perturbations Which cou1d occur
in actua1 p1ay , I natura11y Wan-
ted to test in practice What
Wou1d coOe out of a11 this . "
Chigorin appears here as a bo1d
experiOenter , Who Was ready to
take risks in an iOportan Oatch
With a dangerous opponent in or
der to test in practice the neW
J6
idea , Which Went far beyond the
boundaries of the opening routine
of this tiOe .
Near1y tWo years passed betWeen
the Oatch With Tarrasch and the
next internationa1 tournaOent in
Which Chigorin took part . This
tiOe Chigorin devoted Oain1y to
1iterary and ana1ytica1 Work . e
organised his thid, perhaps
best , Oagazine under the naOe
"Chess" , Which unfortunate1y did
not exist very 1ong in a11 for
ha1f a year.
nd so Chigorin ' s chess vieWs
fina11y took shape, his under
standing of positions becaOe
Wiser and Oore sober , and he con
siderab1y enriched his knoW1edge
of opening theory , not on1y due
to a great dea1 of ana1ysis, but
a1so on the basis of his bo1d
strugg1e against routine and the
search for the neW.
i11ed With great creative hopes ,
Chigorin trave11ed to Eng1and in
suOOer I85 to take part in the
astings internationa1 tournaOent
Where the pick of Wor1d chess
thought Was gathered . ere Were
the neW Wor1d chaOpion, EOanue1
Lasker , Who had Won a Oatch
against Steinitz in I84 , Stein-
itz hiOse f, Tarrasch , 6urn,
61ackburne , Sch1echter , Teich-
Oann, 0unsberg , and fina11y the
exceptiona11y ta1ented represent-
ative of the NeW Wor1d, i11s-
bury .
Chigorin shoWed in astings that
he Was an a11round Oaster , Who
had reached the peak of chess
art . e defeated his opponents
both in strict positiona1 sty1e
(Lasker , TeichOann, 6arde1eben)
and in fierce attacks (i11s-
bury, 0unsberg , Tins1ey , Tarr-
asch ) , and de1icate endgaOes
( 61ackburne , Sch1echter) , and in
Oany other situations . 11 of
these gaOes Went into the history
of chess as artistic productions ,
the 1ife of Which Wi11 1ast for
ever .
Not one of the participants of
the tournaOent created even ha1f
of those Oasterpieces through
Which the ideas and thoughts of
Chigorin adorned the days at
astings . nd yet Chigorin did
not coOe first , but on1y . . . sec-
ond . In the end , i11sbury out
distanced hiO by ha1f a point .
TWo rounds before the end, Chig-
orin Was in first p1ace, having
I5 points out of I. Lasker and
i11sbury Were point behind. In
the 20th round, hoWever , occurred
a creative catastrophe , rough1y
of the saOe order as that of the
1ast gaOe of the second Chigorin-
Steinitz Oatch . In his gaOe With
J7
the young anoWski , Who Was p1ac-
ed soOeWhere in the second ha1f
of the tournaOent tab1e , Chig-
orin, a1ready on the I7th Oove ,
had to resign because of unavoid
ab1e Oate . It is difficu1t to
even annotate this gaOe , since it
is c1ear by Chigorin' s Ooves that
on this day he Was in no condit-
ion to p1ay chess . Chigorin a1so
put it in his chess co1uOn With-
out notes , sub]ecting his oWn
p1ay to on1y si1ent criticisO by
Oeans of question Oarks , Which he
p1aced on 8 of his I6 Ooves |
i11sbury s opponent in this
round Was ergani , Who Was hope-
1ess1y p1aced in bottoO position
With J points . The strugg1e Was
over quick1y and i11sbury Went
up to first p1ace . In the 1ast
round, Chigorin and i11sbury
both Won their gaOes .
The internationa1 tournaOent at
astings represented the cu1Oin-
ation of the deve1opOent of Chig-
orin ' s creative thought . The Wise
rea1isO of his p1ay , hand in hand
With his bri11iant1y co1oured
coObinative creations , Won hiO
genera1 airation.
ere are tWo endings of his gaOes
With Lasker and Tarrasch .
diagraO
LaskerChigorin:
5J. . . J+ | 54 AdJ
( I f 54 I , then 54. . b4 . )
54. . . cxdJ 55 dJ g1 56 f5+
&8 57 $5
( In the event of 57 f4 , Chig-
orin had p1anned a charOing Oate
by 57. . . g2+ 58 &J 1 Oate . )
57. . . xg5 White resigned .
Tarrasch-Chigorin:
28. . . cxdJ| 2 4f6+ f6 J0 1
h6 | JI 8+ 7 J2 4 A6 | JJ
8 xf5 |
( oW refined, e1egant and deep1y
rea1istic a11 this is an apprec-
iation of a11 the ances of the
sharp positions , sated With coO-
binations |)
J4 8+
J8
( The depth and fineness of Chig-
orin ' s ca1cu1ation is character-
ised by the variation J4 d8 4
J5 8+ 6 J6 6+ 5 | J7 f5
f5 J8 c6 d2 J 8+ 4 40
hJ+ J. )
J4. . . 6 J5 f8 g5 J6 fJ d2
White resigned .
In I856 , at etersburg , Was
he1d a Oatch-tournaOent of 1ead-
ing p1ayers , in Which , besides
Chigorin, took part Lasker ,
i11sbury and Steinitz . Tarrasch
dec1ined an invitation. 0reat
organisationa1 responsibi1ities
fe11 upon Chigorin and , indeed ,
a1so certain socia1 conditions
prevai1ing at the tiOe in eters-
burg, Which Were particu1ar1y un-
favourab1e for hiO, did not pro-
vide the necessary c1iOate for
creative inspiration. This res-
u1ted in Chigorin p1aying
throughout the first ha1f of the
tournaOent extreOe1y bad1y: out
of gaOes he Won on1y one,
suffered seven defeats , and Oade
one draW. In the second ha1f,
Chigorin p1ayed convincing1y, but
by this tiOe it Was iOpossib1e to
1ift hiOse1f out of 1ast p1ace .
is resu1t against Lasker ( -4 2)
Was tota11y unsatisfactory he
a1so 1ost his Oatch to i11sbury
( -J +2 I ) though a11 three def-
eats occurred in the first haf
of the contest in return, he Won
against Steinitz ( +J -2 I ) .
In I86 , Chigotin took patt in
the intetnationa1 toutnaOent at
Nutnbetg , Whete thete Was asseOb-
1ed an even sttonget 1ineup than
at the astings toutnaOent To
the "astingets" Wete added
Matoczy and Chatousek - the Oost
ptoOinent teptesentatives of n-
gatian chess 6y this tiOe , an-
oWski Was not the novice that he
had been in astings 1so
appeating Wete the ta1ented
Oetican ShoWa1tet - i11sbuty 's
Oain tiva1 in the sttugg1e fot
the tit1e of chaOpion of the NeW
Wot1d, otges - the second ptize-
Winnet in the 0tesden toutnaOent
of I82 , and fina11y WinaWet
Chigotin began the toutnaOent
vety We1 1 . ftet seven tounds he
Was at the head of the toutnaOent
tab1e , With asket In the eighth
tound took p1ace theit petsona1
encountet . ftet a tense sttugg1e
Chigotin Won a paWn, but fitst1y
Oissed a Win, then tWice a dtaW,
and in the end suffeted a defeat
This appatent1y shook hiO so Ouch
that in the fo11oWing II tounds
he scoted, in a11 , 4 points and ,
fot the fitst tiOe in his intet-
nationa1 ptactice , Was 1eft With-
out a ptize
In the saOe yeat, Chigotin coO-
pensated fot this fai1ute by
gaining fitst ptize in the toutn-
aOent at 6udapest . ete he cteat-
J
ed a seties of Oagnificent pto-
ductions of chess thought ( We
Oention the bti11iant took ending
against Tattasch and the beaut-
ifu1 coObinationa1 attack in his
gaOe With Wa1btodt) , but , on the
Who1e, statting ftoO this tiOe ,
age ( 46 yeats | ) and netvous
fatigue began to te11 Oote and
Oote on Chigotin s p1ay
In the 6et1in toutnaOent of I87 ,
Chigotin had, aftet the I5th
tound, 10 points, but then 1ost
a11 his teOaining gaOes and once
again teOained Without a ptize
e put his queen en ptise against
61ackbutne . Such b1undets haunted
Chigotin in neat1y evety coOpet-
ition .
In the gteat doub1e-tound toutn-
aOent at ienna I88 , his shated
6th-7th p1ace With tn Was a
success . Nevetthe1ess , Chigotin
Was dying to take patt in evety
contest Oonth aftet ienna he
Was a1teady in Co1ogne fot the
next of the tegu1at congtesses of
the 0etOan Chess edetation.
Oongst the coOpetitots , thete
Was neithet Lasket, not Tattasch ,
not i11sbuty , not Matoczy The
1ineup Was by no Oeans top
c1ass possib1e Winnet Was
teckoned to be anoWski , Chatou-
sek ot Chigotin, but it tutned
out to be 6utn Chigotin shated
2nd-Jtd-4th p1aces With Cohn
and Charousek . In London I8,
Chigorin caOe 7th. With his part-
icipation in the aris tournaOent
of I00 ( resu1t - 6th prize) ,
Chigorin conc1uded the second
stage of his creative activity .

Chigorin Was a true artist of after I7 5
chess , to Which he gave , Without
a break, his Who1e 1ife . big
book Wou1d be necessary , in order
to give a coOprehensive account
of the characteristics of Chig
orin' s artistic ideas . Laying no
c1aiO to coOp1eteness , We never
the1ess present a feW i11ustat
ive coObinations , through Which
Chigorin endeavoured to express
his chess ideas. or Chigorin,
coObinations Were 1ike beacons
1ighting up the creative path .
earest of a11 to Chigorin, hoW
ever , Was truth . In particu1ar ,
therefore , his coObinations Were
not tinse1 , not a chase after
outWard shoW, not adventurous
dash, but a va1uab1e forO, coO
bining bri11iant , beautifu1 sac-
rifices With deep idea-content
and correctness of artistic ex-
pression.
WinaWer , king use of his Wor1d
faOe , rendered va1uab1e assist-
ance to Chigorin in securing his
coOpatriot ' s first appearance
abroad. In their persona1 en-
counter , Chigorin, as White ,
chose the King 's 0aObit and the
fo11oWing position Was reached
40
0n the previous Oove, 61ack had
sacrificed a piece and in fact
this idea Wou1d not be bad ( the
White king is exposed , and over
hiO hangs the dangerous threat of
g4-gJ and e2) if .... he cou1d
Oanage to avoid Oate . MeanWhi1e ,
on I7. . . b6 , fo11oWs siOp1y I8
6+ 8 I dxc7+ 8 20 4b6
Oate . fter I7. . . 8 , Chigorin
intended to conc1ude the strugg1e
in spectacu1ar sty1e by I8 9f4
6 ( I8. . . c6 I f6 | ) I c7+
8 20 O8+ | (6ut not 20 d7,
With the threat of O8+ , because
of 20. . . Ad5 . ) 20. . . &b8 2I d7+
8 22 7+ 8 2J 4e8+ 8 24
d8() Oate . nfortunate1y, in
rep1y to I7 5 , WinaWer . . . .
resigned , and the bri11iant coO-
binationa1 idea reOained as a
variation
In I884, in one of the etersburg
tournaOents , Chigorin ( White ) Oet
1apin. In a sharp variation of
the Evans 0aObit , Chigorin, after
sacrificing the exchange and tWo
paWns , obtained a threatening
attack .
I5 6+ || fxe6
( 0f course , I5. . . dxe6 is insuff
icient because of I6 O6+ 6 I7
5+ . )
I6 6+ 7 I7 g6+ &7 I8 O4+ |
f6
( e cannot save hiOse1f froO Oate
by I8. . . &6 or I8. . . 9f6 , in vieW
of I J+ . )
I J+ | C 20 O7+ 8 2I O8+
&7 22 7+ f7 2J wf7 Oate .
Chigorin decided his encounter
With o11ock , NeW ork I88 , With
an uncoOp1icated , but neverthe-
1ess e1egant coObination.
diagraO
It seeOs that the 61ack rook on
2 is caught in a trap, but . . . .
20. . . hJ| 2I gxhJ
( 2I 4 g2)
2I. . . xeJ 22 e1
( C1ear1y, 22 4 wg4+ 22 hxg4
cJ does not save hiO. )
224 o o whJ 2J xe2 xe2 24 1 4
and o11ock resigned .
t the saOe tournaOent , in his
gaOe With 6ird, Chigorin ( White) ,
With a surprising sacrifice of a
rook , forces a ten Oove coObinat-
ion ending in Oate . 6ird s king
goes on an intricate Oarch-route
h7-g7g6f5e4-eJ-e2-dJe2-eJ-d4-
c4 .
4I
With his 1ast Oove, JJ. . . e8 ,
61ack fina11y introduces ( With
teOpo | ) into batt1e his king s
rook . fter a retreat o f the
queen, he reckoned on obtaining
chances of counterattack by 4
oWever soOething quite different
happens .
J4 xg7+ | &g7 J5 7+ 6 J6
7 + 5 J7 5+ &4
( This coObination, Which Steinitz
ca11ed sp1endid , required froO
Chigorin deep and accurate ca1-
cu1ation, since it is carried out
against a background of Oating
threats against a1so the White
king. )
J8 fJ+ &J J J+ &2 40 2+
&J 4I I+ &2 42 2+ &J 4J
I+ 4 44 2+ 4 45 4 Oate .
The pearI of the Oatch betWeen
Chigorin and 0unsberg is right-
fu11y considered to be the second
gaOe , Where Chigorin conc1uded a
consistent and fine1y conducted
attack With a deep1y ca1cu1ated
and , above a11 , irresistib1e coO-
bination, Which a1so invo1ved the
sacrifice of a rook .
42
Chigorin' s 1ast Oove , J4. . . fh7 ,
creates the threat of AI .
J5 I
( n J5 gI Wou1d fo11oW the saOe
rep1y as in the gaOe . )
J5. . . xfJ| | J6 wfJ
(I f J6 &fJ, then J6. . . W4+ and
Oate in three Ooves . In the event
of J6 xh4 , hoWever , Chigorin had
in Oind J6. . . gJ+ | J7 &gJ wh4+
J8 J J+ J 2 f7+ 40 &
J+ 4I I f2 and 61ack Oust ,
in order to avoid Worse, give up
queen for rook . )
J6. . 2+ J7 I 9f2+ |
( In this beautifu1 check and a1so
the fo11oWing knight Oove , 1ies
the basis of the Who1e coObinat-
ion. )
J8 l
( The on1y Oove . n J8 2 , Oate
is forced by J8. . . AJ+ , Whi1e J8
wf2 1oses in vieW of J8. . . xh1+
J 2 h2+ . )
J8. . . 4 | J d4 wl+ 40 &2
xhI 4I f2 wbI 42 g5 l+ and
0unsberg resigned .
Oongst the bri11iant ideas
deOonstrated by Chigorin at the
6udapest tournaOent of I86 ,
particu1ar attention is attracted
by the coObinationa1 attack in
his gaOe With Wa1brodt ( 61ack) .
1ready in the opening, Chigorin
sacrificed a bishop for tWo cent-
ra1 paWns .
diagraO
There fo11oWs a I5 Oove attack by
Chigorin, fu11 of coObinationa1
bri11iance:
I I 5| g5
( More tenacious, probab1y, Wou1d
be I I . . . 7 . )
I2 e6 6
( n I2. . . 7 , White cou1d p1ay
siOp1y d7+ , but , a11 the saOe ,
this continuation Wou1d have
given Oore chances of defence . )
IJ 8 | 7 I4 b7 7 I5 c6
f8 I6 4J fJ+ I7 xf1 f8 I8
5+ 8 I Of4 | &8 20 5 7
2I 5 g 22 8+ 8 2J 6
24 d7 &d7 25 7+ 7 26 c7
Oate .
ne difficu1t partner for Chig-
orin Was Sch1echter . fter Oeet-
ing hiO first at astings I85
and gaining victory in a 1ong
ending , Chigorin 1ost to hiO
1ater in Nurnberg, 6udapest ,
6er1in and , after three draWs ,
once again in the first ha1f of
the London tournaOent of I8 . In
the second ha1f, Chigorin p1ayed
4J
With White and, after I e4 e5 ,
offered the King ' s 0aObit .
Sch1echter , Who usua11y dec1ined
such "0reek gifts" , this tiOe
surprising1y accepted the gaObit ,
possib1y inspired by his past
victories . The gaOe , hoWever ,
1asted in a11 4 I7 Ooves and
Was conc1uded With the fo11oWing
coObination.
I4 Oxf7 | xf7
( I f I4. . . hJ, then I5 7+ Oxe7
I6 5+ . )
I5 7+ Oxe7 I6 f7+ f7 I7
x
( nd it turns out that , after
I7. . . &f7 I8 5+ and a5 , 61ack
Wou1d have on1y tWo Oinor pieces
for the queen. Therefore Sch1ech-
ter resigned . )
In the tournaOent at aris I00,
Chigorin received a specia1 prize
for bri11iant p1ay , in his gaOe
against MortiOer . Chigorin, as
White , chose the very sharp
Steinitz 0aObit , in Which the
king, a1ready on the 5th Oove ,
begins a ]ourney via e2 .
Chigorin-MortiOer : King s 0aObit
I e4 e5 2 J 6 J f4 exf4 4 d4
O4+ 5 &2 d5 6 exd5 $4+ 7 OfJ
0-0-0
( MortiOer p1ays rather riski1y.
oWever , the theoretica1 Oanua1s
a1so recoOOend this sacrifice of
a piece . The White king, indeed,
finds itse1f in a dangerous pos-
ition. )
8 dxc6Of6
( 6etter is 8. . . A5 . )
1 | 8+ I0 2 O5 II &2 4
I2 9J eJ
( np1easant for White Wou1d be
I2 . O5 , preventing IJ cxb7+ 8
I4 5 , because of I4. . . e5 | I5
dxe5 we5 . The obvious continuat
ion, chosen by MortiOer , is ener-
getica11y refuted by Chigorin )
IJ cxb7+ 8
I4 5 |
( Oove Which seeOs to be iOposs-
ib1e in vieW of the fo11oWing
repy on MortiOer s part . Chig
44
orin s coObinationa1 conception
contains Within itse1f the seed
of a dangerous counterattack . The
position is beautifu1 and unus-
ua1 . )
I4. . . 2+ I5 we2
( In Chigorin s opinion, stronger
than I5 A e2 4+ I6 &I, but
a1so this is in White s favour . )
I5W M M A e2 I6 A e2 4+ I7 J|
Of2+ I8 4 O6 I fJ | c5 20
O7+ 7 2I A f4+ | wf4 22 O5+
&d7 2J Oxf4 4h1 24 dxc5 95 25
b4 A7 26 d1+
( The first and 1ast Oove of the
rook in this beautifu1 gaOe . )
26. . &8 27 A6+ and MortiOer
resigned.
( 0n 27. . 8 Wou1d fo11oW 28
d8+ . )
In the creative Work of Chigorin,
one cannot find Oany gaOes in
Which coObinations Were not pres-
ent or Were not concea1ed in the
forO of a threat . Therefore , for
this reason, both his conteOpor-
aries and historians of chess
regarded Chigorin s creative Work
and his style coObinationa1 .
6ut neverthe1ess it is necessary
to firO1y oppose the atteOpt
and there Were such atteOpts to
portray Chigorin as a onesided
Oaster of coObination, of attack .
Chigorin p1ayed the endgaOe fine-
1y and With inspiration is rook
endings against Tarrasch ( I8th
gaOe of their Oatch and the
tournaOent encounter at 6udapest
I86 ) , Sch1echter ( astings
I85 ) , Marsha1 ( 6arOen I05 ) and
Oany others , have gone into the
history of chess as c1assic ex
aOp1es of their kind.
The Oain thing , hoWever , is the
fact that Chigorin Was an out-
standing positiona1 chessp1ayer ,
Who produced scores of exaOp1es
of 1ogica11y conducted positiona1
gaOes . ere is one of these :
ChigorinTeichOann: rench fence
I e4 e6 2 w2 6 J fJ e5 4 cJ
f6 5 dJ A7 6 gJ d5 7 $2 dxe4 8
dxe4
( 61ack obtains a good , if not
better gaOe . White has a passive
king ' s bishop , he 1ags behind in
deve1opOent . oWever, there are
a1so Weaknesses in 61ack ' s posit
ion. They are iOperceptib1e , but ,
With deep insight , Chigorin soon
begins to sound these out . )
8. . . 6 d2 0-0 I04 A6 I I
0-0 8
( Intending to stabi1ise the
position in the centre With the
Oove f7-f6, and, in the event of
I2 xd6 , to take knight With
knight . oWever, the retreat of
the knight restricts 61ack ' s
pieces . Oore purposefu1 p1an
Wou1d be w7 and then fd8 . )
I 2 b4 | a6 IJ I w7 I4 a4 f6 I5
45
9J b5
( This Oove , p1ayed to prevent the
breakthrough b4-b5 , creates neW
positiona1 Weaknesses in 61ack ' s
position. )
I6 axb5 axb5 I7 J 8 I8 AI
8 I 7 6 20 68 2I 5
( So as , in the event of 21. . . Ad5
22 exd5 , to prevent the Oove
c7-c6 , and afterWards begin an
attack on the b5 paWn. )
2I. . . O7 22 1
( White strives to exp1oit the
Weakness of the c5 square . )
22. . . c6 2J J 7 24 1 A7 25
f5
( Not a sing1e piece on the board
has been exchanged , Whi1e the
positiona1 Oanoeuvering has
a1ready 1ed to the White pieces
taking up doOinating positions . )
25. . . 6 26 AJ AeJ 27 weJ
( The exchange of bishops 1eads to
an even further Weakened c5
square, Which the knight noW
heads for . )
27. . . f7 28 J
( White threatens the coObination
2 5 and xd8 . )
28. . . 8
( 0ver1ooking another 1itt1e coO
bination, but 61ack a1ready cou1d
hard1y put up a satisfactory def-
ence . or exaOp1e, 28. . . 8 2
5 xa1 J0 xa1 8 JI 2 7
J2Oxe6 we6 JJ J etc . )
2 Oxe5 fxe5 J0 xd8 6 JI 6
61ack resigned .
"The Who1e gaOe is an exce11ent
exaOp1e of p1ay in the spirit of
the Oodern schoo1" - reOarked
Tarrasch . We Wou1d say that this
gaOe is characteristic of Chig-
orins rea1istic sty1e of p1ay .
The brightest ref1ection of this
sty1e is to be found in the gaOes
of his Oatch With Tarrasch and in
internationa1 tournaOents of the
years I85-I00.
Chigorin' s rea1istic p1ay con-
sisted of directing his thoughts
to a coOprehensive penetration
into the secrets of every posit-
ion. With this thinking process
it Wou1d be iOpossib1e to entice
even a rea1 Weakness on one part
of the board, Whi1e a concrete ,
in the broad sense , exaOination
of a11 other possibi1ities had
not been Oade , and priOari1y the
prospects of creating an attack
on the king s f1ank . Chigorin
strived for this in every gaOe,
it Was the Oain stiOu1us of his
creative aspirations , and there-
fore he had exceptiona1 ski11 in
46
being ab1e to detect even very
1atent chances of such attacks .
6ut then again, When there Was no
possibi1itity of organising an
attack on the king, Chigorin,
With no 1ess zea1 and profundity ,
directed the spearhead of his
thoughts to any Weak point in the
opponent ' s position, Whi1e , if it
proved necessary - even to the
defence of his oWn Weaknesses .
or Chigorin, the position Was a
coOp1icated OechanisO, into the
Workings of Which he endeavoured
to penetrate , as a ski11ed Oech-
anic does in his Working hours .
In addition to this , his thoughts
often took an experiOenta1
course . Chigorin cou1d not stand
stereotype and Was at tiOes pre
pared to dare and risk , in order
to revea1 parts of the Work Oech
anisO, previous1y not investigat
ed . nd if in five cases out of
ten his experiOent proved to be
]ustified , then this gave his
creative daring neW strength .
Chigorin expressed his rea1istic
approach to a position very We11
in the fo11oWing Words : "The
abi1ity to coObine ski1fu1Jy , the
capacity to find in each given
position the Oost purposefu1
Oove, soon 1eading to the execut-
ion of a We11-conceived plan, is
higher than any princip1e , or
Oore correct to sa , is the on1y
princip1e in the gaOe of chess
Which 1ends itse1f to precise
definition. "
Chigorin 1eft a noticeab1e track
on the theory of the openings .
Indeed , he had a great dis1ike
for the very Word theory . "Not
infrequent1y - said Chigorin -
theoretica1 is a synonyO for the
stereotyped . or this "theoretic-
a1 in chess is nothing Oore than
that Which can be found in the
Oanua1s and to Which p1ayers try
to conforO, because they cannot
think up anything better or
equa1 , anything origina1 . 6ut
none the 1ess , Chigorin enriched
the theory of the openings With
Oany interesting ideas , Which
even to the present day are in-
c1uded in the Weapons of the best
chessp1ayers
There Was a great dea1 of ana1y-
sis in the area of the King ' s
0aObit and the Evans 0aObit ,
Which Was deep in content and
broad in its sca1e and deserved1y
Won hiO faOe as a peer1ess Oaster
of these favourite openings of
his .
6ut the need to Work out a Worthy
Oethod of strugg1e against the
Spanish 0aOe and the ueen' s
0aObit , induced hiO a1so here to
open With a systeO of p1ay Which
entered into opening theory under
47
his naOe .
In the ueen ' s 0aObit , after I d4
d5 2 c4 , the systeOs With 24 4 4 46
and 2. . 4$4 are Chigorin' s ideas .
oWever the systeO Which had the
richest deve1opOent Was that con-
nected With the Ooves c7-c6 ,
e7-e6 , f6 and 96 , and a
subsequent counterattack in the
centre by Oeans of c6-c5 or
e6-e5 .
The very broad and successfu1
practica1 app1ication of this
Oethod of p1ay , inc1uding his
c1assic victories over anoWski
( 6udapest I86 ) and Maroczy
(London I8 ) , natura11y 1inked
it With Chigorin' s naOe .
nd , as regards the Spanish 0aOe ,
then it Was enriched by the un-
tarnished Chigorin paWn-chain
"a6-b5-c5-d6-e5" and the e1astic
knight retreat, 7 , in the
Steinitz 0efence .
bout the Oove 2 w2 in the
rench 0efence We have a1ready
spoken.
In his 1ast feW tournaOents ,
Chigorin repeated1y eOp1oyed as
ack an opening set-up, Which ,
in conteOporary opening theory is
ca11ed the King ' s Indian 0efence ,
and Which is noW perhaps the Oost
popu1ar Oethod of p1ay against I
d4.
It is interesting that not one of
Chigorin' s opening ideas has been
Entering already into the 20th
century, the last eight years of
life for Chigorin Were likeWise a
Way of crusade . To hiO Was not
given the ]oy of suOOing up the
results of his selfless life ' s
Work . e Was grieved b y the early
onset of old age , sickness , and
failing strength . TiOe and again,
Chigorin Was overcoOe by anxious
feelings , the prospect of an
eternal parting With his beloved
art pained hiO. nder conditions
of autocratic social stagnation,
Where even in chess any public
activity Was stifled and killed
off, for Chigorin, as also for
Oany preOaturely deceased people,
there could not but arise the
oppressive question for What had
he spent his life , in the naOe of
What had he squandered his best
dreaOs and given Without a break
all his strength? 6ut Chigorin
did not give Way to sorroW and,
With all his passion and energy ,
to his last days propagandised
chess art , attracting neW folloW
ers under its banner and uniting
the not nuOerou, but neverthe-
less groWing chess forces . "nder
such conditions - said Chigorin
refuted by the theory of the 20th
century . They are all alive
today .

48
not long before his death - it is
difficult to do anything for our
art . Though I personally Oay not
have been able to actually ach
ieve What I have been striving
for , if I have succeeded in leav-
ing after Oysel f ten others ,
truly captivated by our art -
froO these Oight arise hundreds
and thousands . " undreds of
thousands and Oillions - We Oight
have corrected Chigorin today .
Oongst Hussian chessplayers ,
Chigorin Was able to reOain un-
defeated . In the ll-Hussian
chaOpionships , he invariably
occupied first place ( I - I8 ,
I I - I00 I0I , I I0J) ,
While in I06 he Won a Oatch for
the chaOpionship of Hussia
against Salve , Winner of the I
ChaOpionship Chigorin felt ob-
liged to WithdraW froO particip
ation in this coOpetition after
four rounds , because of an unfair
loss on tiOe to Izbinsky , against
Which even Izbinsky hiOself and
other coOpetitors protested . . In
the ChaOpionship of the land ,
Which took place in the last
Oonths of his life , Chigorin Was
alteady unable to appeat .
toO I0I to I07 , Chigotin took
patt in II intetnational toutn-
aOents , out of Which a gteat
celebtation fot hiO ptoved to be
the 0aObit ToutnaOent in ienna
I0J (all gaOes in it Wete played
With the King ' s 0aObit ccepted) .
ete Chigotin Was in his eleOent ,
and neithet TeichOann, not
Matoczy , not illsbuty , not
Schlechtet , not Matshall , could
deny hiO his "tight" to take
fitst ptize . 6ut this Was the
last intetnational success fot
Mikhail vanovich .
In a feW toutnaOents (CaObtidge
The best Chigotin ttaditions even
today inspite chessplayets of out
countty . The undetstanding of
chess as a ctaft With tich att-
istic content , the titeless
sttiving fot the neW, boldness
and expetiOentation in cteative
decisions , a deep tealistic
apptoach to the evaluation of a
Sptings I04 , Nutnbetg I06) , he
still Oanaged to hold his gtound
in the Oiddle of the table . oW-
evet , in 0stende I05 , he Was
second to last, While in the
0stende Oatch toutnaOent I07 ,
even last . The sWan song of Chig-
otin s cteative Wotk Was the
Catlsbad toutnaOent of I07 . The
Oottally ill Chigotin could not
expect success . 6ut also hete ,
even in lost gaOes , his thoughts
tiOe and again Wete illuOinated
With beautiful ideas .
Chigotin passed aWay on I2th an-
uaty I08 . e died in Lublin in
the citcle of his faOily .
Y Y Y
4
position - these ate the basic
featutes Which constitute Chig-
otin' s legacy to Soviet chess-
playets .
The OeOoty of the gteat otganiset
of the Hussian chess school ,
Mikhail Ivanovich Chigotin, Will
live fot evet .
. . HoOanovski
MoscoW I60
I Chigorin 0avidov
( etersburg I874)
King s 0aObit ccepted
I e4 e5 2 f4 exf4 J fJ g5 4 A4
g4 5 0-0
( NoW We have the faOous Muzio
0aObit , Which over the course of
a century captured the hearts of
conteOporary players With its
beautiful and coOplicated variat
ions . Though 6lack lags seriously
behind in developOent after the
Win of the piece , he has rich
defensive resources . It is not at
all siOple for White to develop
an attack to achieve victory he
Oust display enterprise, daring
and even real genius - as is
shoWn for exaOple in this gaOe by
the brilliant perforOance of the
young unknoWn Chigorin . )
5. . . gxfJ 6 fJ 6
( t first sight this Oove seeOs
Weak , since the queen serves as a
convenient ob]ect of attack , hoW
ever , at the saOe tiOe , it is
quite Well-founded . The key to
the position is the f4 paWn, if
White is alloWed to gallop along,
he develops a decisive attack on
the f7 square , and that is Why
the struggle revolves around the
f4 paWn. fter the Oove . . . &6 ,
White, of course , cannot take
this paWn since this Would in
volve an exchange of queens in a
position Where he has sacrificed
a piece . )
7 e5 e5 8 dJ 6 J 7 I0
92
( The Whole of this variation,
the entire systeO of attack and
defence , Would in those days have
been fashionable and studied as
in our tiOe has been the 0rthodox
ariation of the ueen' s 0aObit .
It is appropriate to Oention that
lively analysis of this variation
continued for a long tiOe , even
up to the beginning of the 20th
century . )
I0. . . c6 I I ael 5 I25 &8
( coOplicated position. oW
should White proceed With the
attack? or the present , 6lack is
Oanaging to defend the position
and , after . . . d6 , 6 , 7 and
ae8 , threatens to obtain a Winn
ing position. If IJ w2 , then
IJ. . . w6 | j bad is IJM M W xd5 I4
Ad5 d5 because of I5 AJ etc . |
and White Oust Oove his queen
aWay . I f IJ xf4, then IJ . . Af4
I4 Af4 d6 etc . s a consequence
of this , Chigorin Works out a
coOplicated plan involving a pos
itional bind . )
IJ AJ |
50
IJ. . . &8
( very natural Oove , but not the
best . 0f course , IJ. . . Oxd5 cannot
be played because of I4 d5 .
lso poor Would be IJ. . . 8 , e . g .
I 4 xe7 | Oxe7 I 5 f6 &8 j i f I5
. . . $5 , then I6Oxe7 f6 I7Oxg8
7 I8 h4| h4 I f4 With a
Win for White| I6 g4 6 I7 2
f8 j if I7. . $5 then I8 5 | and
Wins| I8 g5 j I8 &I does not Work
because of I8. . . fJ | I Oxe7 g4+
20 OI 2+| d6 I Oxf4 j I &I
fJ 20 wJ f2+ 2I &f2 A6| &5 20
hJ h6 2I f7 hxg5 22 O5 hJ 2J
g5 J+ 24 2 and White Wins
back the rook , Whilst retaining
the attack .
oWever IJ. . . f8 gives 6lack good
chances of defence since it is
difficult for White to avoid ex-
changes . The atteOpt to decide
the gaOe by a coObinative attack
does not Work , e . g . IJ. . . f8 I4
Oxe7 4e7 I5 &5 6 I6 feI 46
I7 2 Oxe5 I8 e5 $5 I f7,
and the quiet Oove I . . . d6 | | dec
ides the gaOe in 6lack ' s favour .
Therefore , on IJ. . . f8 , the best
continuation for White in general
is I4 g4 6 I5 h4 j if at once I5
f6 then I5. . . $5| , creatin an
extreOely coOplicated position ,
rich in tactical chances for
White, since it is very difficult
for 6lack to develop his queen s
flank . I f , for exaOple , I 5 . . . Oxd5
I6 Ad5 f6 j preventing I7 g5 and
defending the e8 square| then I7
5I
2 d6 jI7. . . 7 I8 g5 , or I 7. . .
O5 I8 g5 d6 I d4| I8 c6 g4+
I g4 g4 20 b7 With an ex-
cellent gaOe for White . 0r I5. . .
d6 I6 g5 Oxd5 I7 d5 7 j after
I7. . . g5 I8 hxg5 g5+ I 2
g2+ 20 &g2 , 6lack quickly
loses the paWns on the queen ' s
flank| I 8 f6+ 8 I h5 8 j I
. . . &5 20 A4 5+ 2I &2| 20
f4 $7 2I O2 | With a crushing
position for White in return for
the sacrificed piece . )
I4 f6 $5
( I f I4 then I5 g4 6 I6 g5
With Oxf4 or wf4 to folloW. )
I5 g4 | 6 I6 g5 g5 I7 h4 |
h4
( I 7. . . 7 offered Oore chances of
defence . )
I8 f4
( NoW the defects of 6lack ' s IJth
Oove are revealed . If the rook
Was on f8 , 6lack could noW take
the Od5 , siOplifying the defence .
NoW, hoWever , on this Would
folloW Oate in three Ooves . )
I8. . . d6 IOf6 | O5?
( The decisive Oistake . e should
play I. . f8 , after Which White
could continue the attack by
Oeans of 20 d4 With a subsequent
doubling of rooks on the e-file .
NoW folloWs one of Chigorin ' s
ingenious coObinations . )
20 xe5 | | dxe5 2I e5
( Threatening 22 O4+ . )
2I . . . g4
( 0r 2Ie 4 4 A6 22 O4+ 8 2J e6
fxe6 24 7+ 8 25 e8+ 8 26
7 Oate |)
22 4+ 8 2J A6+ | |
( brilliant final bloW. )
2J. . . 8
( I f 2J. . . fxe6, then Oate in J
Ooves With the O on d7 . )
24 7+ 8 25 5+ 8 26 6+
bxa6 27 O4 Oate .
j Notes by anov . |
2 SchOidtChigorin
( etersburg I878)
Spanish
I e4 e5 2 OfJ 6 J 5Of6 4 0-0
Oxe4
( n old defence Which of late has
virtually gone out of fashion .
0espite its apparent harOless-
ness , there are quite a feW sub-
Oerged reefs Which an expert nav-
igator , as Was Chigorin, can
skilfully exploit to destroy an
opponent in a sea of endless
sharp conflicts . )
5 d4 A7 6 2
( Considered the best continuation
of the attack . The draWback of
the Oove is that it results in an
exchange of the king s bishop and
this Weakens White on the light
squares . The present gaOe graph-
ically illustrates the disadvant-
age of this exchange . )
6. . . 6 7 c6 bxc6 8 dxe5 O7
4 0-0 I0 J 5 I I Of5?
( s is Well knoWn , the best Oove
in the present position has
proved to be II el | in order ,
52
after the obligatory I I . . . O6 I2
AJ Oxd4 IJ A d4 c5 I4 AJ d5 I5
exd6 , to force 6lack to take on
d6, not With the paWn but the
bishop j the so called Hio de an-
eiro variation| . The hasty White
attack is, of course , easily re-
futed by Chigorin . )
I I . . . d5 |
(0f course not II. . . 96 I2 4 . )
I2 Oxe7+ e7 IJ Wl O6 I4 f4
f5 |
( OasterIy Oove | Thanks to the
knight blockade , the e5 paWn is
not to be feared , hoWever , the f5
paWn is extraordinarily strong ,
since it strengthens 6lack s
coOOand of the White squares in
the centre of the board . )
I5 2 d4| I6 O2 c5
(Little by little , 6lack has
opened the strong a8-hl diagonal ,
Which Will soon be coOpletely in
his possession . )
I7 92 7 I8 b4 ad8 I bxc5
( With his last tWo Ooves , White
has only increased the range of
action of the 6lack pieces . )
I . . . c5 20 cJ
( This atteOpt to develop activity
only hastens the inevitable end
for White . )
20. . . dJ | 2I AJ
( The exchange of queens is also
hopeless for White , despite the
opposite coloured bishops . )
2I. . . 4 22 O4 5 2J c O4
24 l c5 25 OfJ 5 26 dl
26. . . g5 |
(Chigotin catties out the attack
Oastetfully and With his custoO-
aty enetgy and ptecision . Chatac-
tetistic fot Chigotin is the tiO-
ing of the attacking bloW. Thus ,
fot exaOple , Oany Oastets , in the
ptesent position , Would have
occupied theOselves With the pte-
patation of the Oove . . . g5 , by
Ooving aWay the king to h8 , plac-
ing the took on g8 etc , hoWevet ,
the text Oove typifies Chigotin ' s
enetgy and dash . )
27 fxg5 f4 28 c4 6 2 92 Oxg5
J0 4 d4|
( apidly inttoducing the last
piece into the attack . )
JI J e4 J2 &J f JJ OxfJ
(lso JJ gJ f2+ loses instantly . )
JJ. . . OxfJ+ J4 gxfJ g4+ J5 OI
wfJ+ 6 wfJ AfJ Oate .
( The attack Was conducted vety
poWetfully by Chigotin. )
j Notes by 6ogatitchuk . |
5J
J Chigotin - akubovich
( Cottespondence 0aOe I87)
Evans 0aObit
I e4 e5 2 OfJ 46 J 4 5 4 b4
Ab4 5 cJ c5 6 0-0 d6 7 d4 exd4
8 cxd4 6 OcJ Oa5
( continuation Which Was vety
populat at the tiOe . 6lack tties
to dtive aWay the White pieces
ftoO the a2-g8 diagonal , even at
the cost of a delay in develop-
Oent . )
I0 5 |
( White does his utOost to in
ctease his advantage . )
I0. . . f6 I I 4
( 0nly the tetteat to f4 gives
White the possibility of fighting
fot the initiative . atet on ,
Chigotin hiOself tecognised II
9f4 as being the best Oove . It is
difficult fot 6lack to play . . . c6
since the d6 paWn becoOes Weak
and its advance Would Jead to an
exposed position . )
I I . . . Oxc4 I2 O4+ 7 IJ wc4 &7
I4 Od5
( ot the sactificed paWn , White
has obtained a sttong centte, the
bettet developOent and the init-
iative . 6lack Oust not only pte-
vent the bteakthtough e4-e5 , but
also tepulse the positional pte-
ssute on his queen ' s flank . To do
this is not aJtogethet siOple
Thus , on I4. . . 6 , sttong is I5
O4+ 97 I 6 OJ | 8 I7Oxb6 axb6
I8 e5| , and on I4. . . c could
folloW I5Oxb j I5 O4 98 | | axb
I 4 O7 I7 wd 0-0 I8 J ,
and again White has the advant-
age . )
I4. . . I5 dI
( lso I5 a4 desetves attention . )
I5. . . g4 I l | AfJ I7 gxfJ
0-0 |
( 6lack succeeds in coOpleting his
developOent . NoW Chigotin could
Win a paWn by I8 4f+ gxf I
wh , but aftet I. . . + 20
wg+ hxg , the gaOe is coOplete-
ly equal . )
I8 OI 5
( White thteatened I Oxf+ . )
I &4|
( White Oakes a hetoic effott to
shatpen the gaOe and hold on to
the initiative , Which is slipping
aWay . ot this, he ptovokes the
Oove I. . . g5 , intending the
attack 20 Oxf+ xf 2I wf wh4
22 I Of7 2J 4 j2J. . 5
24 gl h 25 f4 and White Wins|
24 g5+ wg5 25 I . lso quite
acceptable fot White ate the coO-
plications folloWing I. . . c 20
Oxf+ f| 2I Af gxf 22 wf
Of7 . oWevet , 6lack Oakes a quiet
Oove Which Will undetline the
solidity of his position . )
I. . . O8
diagtaO
20 Oxf| ?
( The only, though also a tisky
54
continuation of the attack . oW-
evet , White has no choice since
. . . g5 is thteatened, fot exaOple
20 I g5 2I Ag5 fxg5 22 g5
wfJ+ . )
20. . . &7
( Not a vety successful squate fot
the tetteat of the queen , since
the is left undefended . The
tetteat of the queen to g seeOs
dangetous because of the open
g-file , but it is ptecisely the
Oove 20. . . Which could place
undet doubt the cottectness of
White ' s attack , e . g . 2I gl xf |
ot 2I e5 gxf j also possible is
2I. . . Ad4| 22 gl fxe5| 2J g
xf4 24 xh 7 25 5 Ad4 | )
2 I e5 | dxe5
(6lack safely avoids the ttap 2I
. . . Ad4 22 wd4 | dxe5 2J J | Of5
24 4| nd White is left With an
extta piece , since on 24. . .
folloWs 25O7 . 6ut none the less
his Oove is a setious inaccutacy
since the d-file is opened fot
the White tooks . uite acceptable
is the defence 2I . . . 8 | 22 I
Oxf | 2J exf gxf 24 2 f5 | )
22 dxe5 8
( ftet 22. . . d8 , White Wou1d
tep1y With 2J 4, saving the
knight . )
2J I | gxf6
( I f 2J. . . xf6, then 24 exf6 gxf6
25 d7 | 6 26 6 and White
Wins . )
24 xg8+ | xg8
( It is necessaty fot 61ack to go
in fot the dangetous, a1though
appatent1y defensib1e position,
aftet 24. . . g8 25 gI| 6 26
O6 7 | The point is that , aftet
27 exf6 O7 28 7 , thete is the
so1e tetott 28. . . 5 | , Whi1e the
vatiation 28 7+ g7 2 fxg7+
8 J0 gxf8()+ &f8 JI I
btings about a gaOe With an
apptoxiOate1y equa1 ending. )
25 f6+ 7 26 gI ag8 27 6|
A5?
( p to noW it has been thought
that , in this position , 61ack can
no 1onget be saved , but the
fo11oWing ana1ysis p1aces this
]udgeOent undet doubt 27. . . f2
28 xg7 xg7 2 e6 8 J0 e7
e7 | ot 28 g4 A5 2 e6 j 2 4
f6 | J0 f6 7| 2. . . 8 , and
it is not easy fot White to catty
out the attack . )
28 e6 f8 2 f4 |
( NoW White Weaves a Oating net
atound the 61ack king, Whi1e
61ack can do nothing . )
2. . . 7 J0 I | b5
( With the faint hope of JI. . . O8+
and J2. . . f8, but . . . )
55
JI fJ | c5 J2 f5 | b4 JJ J c4
( 61ack 1acks the one saving
teOpo . ftet J4 h7+ | &h7 J5
J+ 4 J6 xh4 he is Oated . )
I-0
( gaOe Which is teOatkab1e , not
on1y fot the exttaotdinaty posit-
ion , With its c1ustet of pinned
61ack pieces , but a1so fot
Chigotin ' s ski11 in exp1oiting
evety possibi1ity to ptesetve a
dying f1aOe of attack . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin. |
4 igi1iansky and Miasnikov
Chigotin
( etetsbutg I880)
ueen s Indian 0efence
I c4 f6 2 d4 e6 J eJ d5 4 fJ b6
5 aJ
(s is shoWn by the futthet
coutse of the gaOe , White does
not p1ay the Oove aJ in connect-
ion With a definite p1an , but
on1y to be sute to ptevent the
Oove . . . 4. siOi1at scheOe of
deve1opOent Was tevived in out
tiOes by ex-Wot1d chaOpion ,
ettosian . e p1ayed it With the
Oove otdet I c4 f6 2 d4 e6 J fJ
b6 4 aJ 7 5 J , and aftet 5. . .
d5 , exchanged 6 cxd5 , so as aftet
6. . . exd5 to p1ay 7 $5 and on1y
then eJ . )
5. . . 7 6 J 96 7 9J
( gain tathet casua1 . 7 cxd5 Was
necessaty . Chigotin a1so consid-
eted that "bettet Was 7 cxd5 exd5
8 9J , though in this case , aftet
8 . . 0-0 0-0 c5 , 6lack obtains a
soOeWhat freer gaOe . " lso noth-
ing is changed by 8 5+ c6
9J, since after . . 0-0 I0 0-0
Od7 I I b4 a5 , 6lack again stands
Well. It is interesting that the
first five Ooves Were repeated in
the IIth gaOe of the I6 World
ChaOpionship Match, Spassky v
etrosian . laying White , Spassky
chose 6 J, but after 6. . . d7 7
cxd5 exd5 8 A2 96 b4 00 I0
0-0 a6 II OJ w7 | 6lack obtained
the better prospects in the
centre. )
7. . . 0-0 8 0-0 4
( "6lack s gaOe is better since
the l is badly placed . "
Chigorin . )
e4?
( White , preOaturely and Without
any necessity, deterOines the
paWn structure in the centre .
Since playing to underOine the
e4 paWn involves great risk , then
White , deprived of any kind of
active play , ought noW to endeav-
our to strengthen his position in
anticipation of the attack . In
stead of e4 , he should play
2 f5 I0 cxd5 exd5 I I 5 and
then f4 . )
. . . dxe4 I0O2 f5 I I f4
( nd so White begins to build a
fortress . 0n II fJ Would have
folloWed II . . O4, and I2 gJ? is
not possible because of I2. . . gJ
IJ hxgJ wgJ+ I4 OI f6 . )
I I . . O7 I2 bJ
56
( I2 b4 Would have been consider-
ably Oore active )
I2 c5 IJ 2 Of6 I4 el 4 I5
O O4 I6 gJ OJ I 7 2 f6
( 6lack is captivated by the
creation of direct threats on the
king and does not Want to lose
tiOe on the Oove I7 . . d8 . )
I8J?
( NoW 6lack ' s attack develops
Without hindrance , Whereas , after
the unexpected I8 dxc5 5 I
7 , White Oight keep pace With
the coOing threats and even per-
haps seize the initiative , for
exaOple , I. . . f7 20 we6 d8 2I
b4 8 22 bxc5 f6 2J O4 | xd4
24 wf6+ Oxf6 25 exd4 . )
I8. . . cxd4 I exd4
( 0n I wd4 or I 5, equally
strong is I. . . e5 | )
I . . g6 20 2
( Healising all the dangers froO
the threat . . h5-h4 , White hast-
ens to exchange queens and
strives to transfer the queen to
g2 )
20. . . eJ |
( brilliant paWn sacrifice to
open the diagonal for the 7 . )
2I AeJ
( 0n 2I OxeJ , the siOplest of all
is 2I. 4h2 22 wh2 xgJ+ 2J2
wh2+ 24 &h2 xcJ 25 xe6 d8 . )
2I . . 8 22 dl h5 2J dJ h4 24
l
(6lack ' s pieces are extreOely
active and White ' s extra paWn is
of no account . 6efore going over
to a decisive action , 6lack , tak
ing advantage of the opponent s
helplessness , could ttansfet the
took to the h-file by playing
. . . 7 . nothet good continuation
of the attack Would be 24. . . f6 .
Chigotin chooses the spectaculat ,
but less sttong. . . )
24. . . e5 | ?
( It seeOs that White cannot take
the btave paWn . Chigotin gives
the vatiation, 25 fxe5 e5 26
dxe5 xe5 27 5 j27 J f4| ot
27 eJ A5 folloWed by . . . f4|
A5+ 28 J xeJ | 2 xeJ xgJ+
J0 hxgJ OI+ Winning the ueen .
6lack s initiative looks vety
thteatening, With all his pieces
aiOed at the king, but White
nevettheless has sufficient def-
ensive tesoutces , and, if he
covets the a8hI diagonal by 25
O5 | , then the success of 6lack s
attack Would be vety con]ectutal ,
e . g . 25. . . e4 26 J hxgJ 27 hxgJ
eJ | 28 eJ f4 j 28. . . ge6 2
&J | | 2 f4| xe2 J0 xe2. )
25 b4 e4 26 dl eJ |
57
( NoW alteady nothing is iOposs-
ible fot this paWn and White s
defence uickly falls apatt . )
27 d5
( I f 27 eJ , then 27. . . xeJ 28
xeJ hxgJ and 6lack Wins . )
27. . . hxgJ 28 xgJ
( 0n 28 hxgJ , decisive is 28. . .
f2 . )
28. . . xh2 2 wh2 xgJ+ J0 2
e2 | JI el xg2+ J2 wg2 wcJ
0-I
( 0f coutse , White did not put up
a vety tenacious defence , but the
bteakthtough of 6lack ' s paWn on
the efile not only Oakes a
sttiking iOptession but is also
highly insttctive . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin . |
5 Chigotin - Schiffets
( 6th Match 0aOe , 4th Match I880)
Scotch 0aOe
I e4 e5 2 fJ 6 J d4 exd4 4
xd4 A5 5 J &6 6 cJ e7 7
A4 d6
( 7 . . . O5 8 2 | d5 f4 j ot O2
6| 4 is, in out opinion , the
best defence hete, fot if I0 e5
O4+ j not I0. . . xeJ I I exf6 xdl
I2 fxg7| I I gJ xeJ I2 O4+ 97 . )
8 f4 6 00 we4
( The captute of this paWn Was at
least hazatdous at this ]unct-
ute . )
I0 eI 6
( "Necessaty, if I0. . . 0-0, then I I
9J 5 I2 c4 and Wins . "
Chigotin . )
I I Oxc6 AeJ+ I 2 xeJ bxc6 I Jw2
6 I4 O2 d5 I5 J 6 I6 fl |
( n exce11ent Oove Which obvious-
ly prevents 61ack s castling at
once , as he threatens to Win a
piece by f5 .)
I 6. . . g6 I7 OJ 0-0 I8 g4|
( White Oight have a1so recovered
the paWn With the better gaOe by
45, but , as Will be seen, this
is Ouch stronger . e threatens
again f5 etc .)
I 8. . . e8 I 45 d4
( Weak . I. . . 4 Was his best
play . )
20 g5 8
( oreseeing the sacrifice of the
exchange , Which White Wou1d re-
cover With a paWn p1us after 20
. . . 7 2I e6 fxe6 22 Oxe6 7
2J Oxf8 &f8 24 cxd4, and should
61ack atteOpt 24. . . a2 , the
rep1y 25 f5 |, opening the f-ile ,
Wou1d Win for White . 6ut , no
doubt , he Wou1d have chosen this
1ine of p1ay as the lesser evi1
had he perceived the fine coObin-
ation Which White Winds up With . )
58
2I xe6 | fxe6 22 e6+ 7
( 0f course , i f 22. . . f7, White
Wins by 25 A4. )
2J &I |
( Oaster1y Oove Which 1eaves no
escape for the opponent . )
2J. . . dxcJ
( 0f course overlooking the oppon-
ent s deep design . 6ut he cou1d
not save the gaOe , for if the
knight reOoved White Would Win by
24 7+ )
24 e7+ | |
( high1y ingenious and bril1iant
erOination . )
24. . . e7 25 xe7+ f7
( 0n 25. . . 8 fo11oWs 26 4+ f7
27 e8+ 7 28O6 Oate .)
26 O6+ 8 27 &8+ f8 28 xf8
Oate . I -0
j Notes by Steinitz . |
6 lapin - Chigorin
( 10th Match 0aOe I880)
ueen s 0aObit 0ec1ined
I d4 Of6 2 c4 e6 J 4J d5 4 g5
7 5 eJ 0-0 6 OfJ b6
j The defence chosen by Chigorin
began to be popu1ar at the end of
the 1ast century . Later on it
also inc1uded the Oove . . . h6 ,
Which Was frequently p1ayed by
Capab1anca and TartakoWer . Credit
for the Oodern treatOent of this
variation be1ongs to the Soviet
grandOaster , 6ondarevsky , and
Oaster Makogonov . |
7 cxd5 exd5 8 J 7 0-0 Od7
I0 I O4 I I Ae7 e7
j It is intetesting that this pos
ition a1so occutted, aftet a
s1ight ttansposition of Ooves, in
the gaOe 6otvinnik-Sto1tz , p1ayed
in I26 | |
I2 OJ c6 IJ aJ?
j use1ess Oove . |
IJ. . . 8 I42 f5 I5 4
( We do not undetstand the point
of this Oove . ossib1y White
Wanted to fo11oW up With 6 , in
otdet to Weaken the defence of
the c6 paWn? This Wou1d have been
a11 vety We11 if 61ack did not
have an attack on the king s
f1ank. )
I5. . . g5 I6 fd1 g4 I 2 f6 18
f4 gJ | I hxgJ
( It is obvious that aftet I fxgJ
Wou1d have fo11oWed I. . . xd2 20
xd2 weJ+ and 61ack Wins . )
I. . . xf2| | 20 e1
( I f 20 f2, then 20. . . 4+ 2I
I | weJ+ 22 1 wgJ | 2J f1
wf4 etc. )
20. . . xdJ 2I xdJ 4 22 f1 g8
2J 5 xgJ 24 xgJ xgJ 25 e2
( 0n 25 c6 , 61ack Wou1d have
tep1ied 25. . . 5 ot 25. . . 4
thteatening . . . xg2+ . )
25. . . a5 26 xc6
( Thanks to this sactifice of the
exchange , White Wins thtee paWns
and obtains tWo passed paWns fot
hiOse1f hoWevet , this is not to
his advantage )
26. . . Ac6 27 wc6 8 | 28 wb6
c8 2 wa5 1+ J0 2
5
J0. . xg2+ | |
( J0. . . 4 Wou1d be a Oistake in
vieW of JI 8+ | wd8 J2 f7+ .
J0W W M g8 JI gJ 7 J2 g4| Was not
decisive . )
JI g2 5+ J2 J | 5+ JJ 4
6+
(ftet the Win of the took by
JJ. . . . f1+ J4 fJ wfJ+ J5 &5
we2 , ite gives petpetua1 check
by 8+ and 6+ .)
J4 J |
( 0bvious1y aftet J4 J g1+
61ack Oates easi1y . )
J4. . . 1+ J5 g2
( I f noW White p1aces his king on
f4 , then 6lack can choose a con-
tinuation such as J5 4 6+ J6
J f1+ J7 f2 5+ J8 J g1+
J 4 5+ 40 J J+ 4I &2
weJ+ 42 1 | I+ 4J wI g1+ 44
g1 weI+ 45 2 w4+ 46 fJ 7
and 61ack shou1d Win With the
he1p of his f and h-paWns . )
J5. . . J+ J6 4 | f1+ J7fJ?
( White cou1d pto1ong the gaOe by
J7 5 wg2+ J8 6 7+ J &6
but it is difficult to say
Whethet he could save the gaOe
aftet J. . . 8+ 40 &6 &8+ 4I
6 hI . )
J7. . . fJ+ J8 5 eJ+ J &6
g2 40 8+ 7 4I b4 6+ 42
&d5 6+ 4J 5 7+ 0-I
j Notes by Chigotin . |
7 Chigotin odds of OI | - 0tto
( etetsbutg I88I )
King ' s 0aObit ccepted
I e4 e5 2 f4 exf4 J fJ g5 4 4
g4 5 0-0 gxfJ 6 fJ &6 7 dJ 6
8 2 7 J 6+ I0 I 0-0
II gJ d5 I2 exd5 J? IJ 5 fJ
I4 d6| 6 I5 eI 5 I6 fJ
&5
( The position is tathet intetest-
ing . 0n I6. . . A6 Would folloW I7
e6 | if, hoWevet , I6. . . $7 ,
then White Oates in fout Ooves ,
beginning With I7 f7+ | )
I 72 7 I8 5 $7
7 | xe7
( he featute of this ge lies
ith the ptesent positi if not
this Oove , then thete is an in-
testing and suttisi sctif-
60
icial vatiation . If 6lack had
played I. . . J , then 20 fxf7 |
f7 2I xf7 h5 22 xg7+ and 2J
8 Oate . 0t 2I. . . AcJ instead
of 2I. . . h5| 22 xh7+ &8 2J
f7+ 8 24 g6 and White Wins . )
20 f7 6+ 2I fJ+ 8 22 5|
8
( 6lack loses his queen if he
lays 22. . d5 . )
2J 6 | f5
( I f 2J. . . 8 , then 24 Ag8 g8
25 g7+ | wg7 26 dxe7 | and 6lack
cannot ptevent White ftoO queen-
ing, as he is thteatened With f8
Oate . )
24 xf5 I+
( 0t 24. . . 8 25 Ag8 g8 j25. . .
I+ 26 2 2+ 27 f2 and White
Wins | 26 g7+ g7 27 f8 Oate . )
25 Ael Ah6 26 J+ f6 27 xf6
7 28 f4+ 6 2 f7+ 5 J0
f6 Oate . I 0
j Notes by Chigotin . |
8 Chigotin - aulsen
( 6etlin I88I )
Sicilian 0efence
I e4 c5 2 fJ 6 J d4 cxd4 4
xd4 6 5 OJ f6 6 J e6 7 aJ
A7 8 A2 0-0 0-0 a6 I0 J 7
II f4 d6 I2 J 7 IJ AJ
( 0n the boatd We have a classical
osition of the Scheveningen
systeO , Which becaOe populat
fotty yeats aftet this gaOe |
Latet , Chigotin, in teply to I. . .
c5 , played only the Closed SysteO
j2 J| but the opening fat ftoO
alWays turned out to his advant-
age . The skill With Which he
carries out firstly a strategica1
bind , and then a1so the attack in
this gaOe , Oakes us regret
Chigorin 's vo1untary restriction
of his opening repertoire , as a
result of Which he Was obliged to
frequent1y p1ay tedious positions
quiet alien to his style jJ exd5
in the rench 0efence , 4 dJ in
the Italian 0aOe| . )
I J . . . d8?
( 61ack considers it necessary to
play . . . d5 . ConteOporary theory
recoOOends that 61ack carries out
operations on the cfi1e , for
Which purpose he plays IJ. . . b5 or
IJ. . . c8 . 6esides , as is shoWn
c1early 1ater on , the other rook
should go to d8 . )
I4 O2
( White not so Ouch threatens I5
4 - it is c1ear that 6lack re-
p1ies eithet I4. . . b5 or I4. . . d5 -
as he prepares the transfer of
the knight to fJ , an idea Which
is noWadays recoOOended by theory
on the basis of the ana1ysis of
later gaOes . )
I4. . . d5 I5 e5 O8 I6OfJ
I 7 e4 and Wins| and, in addit-
ion, his rooks have been dis-
connected . aulsen principal1y
prevents the threat of f5 , but
finds hiOself in a positional
bind. )
I6. . . f5 I7 &2 O8 I8 6 8 I
9J
( fter coOplete1y paralysing the
opponent ' s queen 's flank , Chig-
orin noW prepares the occupation
of the d4 square With the
knight . )
I. . . 7 20 O2 8 2I J5 22
bJ b5
( 6lack succeeds in advancing to
b5, but this does not ease his
situation . There are no squares
on the c-file on Which to invade
and he is obliged to begin a
transfer of pieces for defence of
his king against the approaching
attack . )
2J h4 | O7 24 b4 |
( Sp1endid |
j after the
The Oanoeuvre b4
retreat . . . O7| is
seen noWadays in text books in
siOi1ar positions and credited
1argely to 6ronstein . It turns
out that this Was played as 1ong
ago as Chigorin | NoW the O7 is
( 6lack s position is clearly condeOned to a Oiserable exist
Worse and this is a consequence
of the Oistaken advance . . . d5 j he
should have played I5. . . b5| as a
resu1t of Which his knight has
been forced to retreat to a
passive position jI5. . . d4 is not
possible because of I6 exf6 f6
6I
ence and the Weakness of the c4
square is very difficult for
61ack to exploit . )
24. . 7 25 Od4 O8 26 g4 | fxg4
27 Og5 g5
( necessary exchange as if 27. . .
g6 , then 28 J folloWed by wg4
threatening h7 or D. 0r 27. . .
h6 28 7 8 2 $6 f7 J0 f5 |
and White Wins easily . )
28 hxg5 g6 2 2 8
( 6lack Wants to bring into play
the 8 via b6 , and had also
hoped to defend the h7 paWn With
the queen s rook froO the b7
square , after Ooving the bishop
to c8 . oWever , after J0 l f7
JI 6 7 J2 hl 8 JJ 4 7
J4 Ag6 hxg6 J5 g6| | White
Wins . )
J0 l f7 JI 6 7 J2 hl f7
JJ h4 f8
( e Oust refrain froO JJW M M 6 ,
as after this Would have folloWed
J4 I 44 J5 2 gJ J6 J xeJ
J7 h7 With a decisive attack . )
J4 J 8 J5 g4
( 6lack s stubborn defence has
prevented a quicker defeat , but ,
all the saOe , there is not Ouch
hope for hiO to save the gaOe .
White has a huge positional ad
vantage and the gaOe can be
decided by direct attack on the
h-file. 6ogol]ubov considered
62
that after J5W M M 8 6lack has no
particular fears on the king s
flank , but i s there a sound
defence for 6lack after J6 J?
ere are soOe saOple variations
( l ) J6. . . 6? J7 xb5 | axb5 J8
Ab6 b6 J h7 7 40 Ag6
xh7 4I h7+ &7 42 J and
6lack has no defence , ( 2) J6 4 4
ff7 J7 6 j threatening J8 Ag6|
&8 J8 fJ d4 J Ad4 f4 40
5+ 8 4I h7 etc . 6ut all
this revolves around What Oight
have been. aulsen, hoWever,
alloWs a tactical bloW after
Which the struggle is over at
once . )
J5. . . 6? J6 h7 | h7 J7 h7
( The rook cannot be taken because
of Oate in three Ooves after J7
W M M h 7 J8 5+.)
J74 4 o f7 J8 6 44 J g6+ &8
40 9f2 8 4I 4 7 42 8 7
4J g6 e7 44 e7+ |
( n elegant finish . )
I-0
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin. |
Chigorin - WinaWer
( 6erlin I88I )
King s 0aObit ccepted
I e4 e5 2 f4 exf4 J fJ g5 4 4
g4 5 5 4+ 6 &l fJ 7 d4 f6
( The best Oove here is 7. . . 6 ,
it is bad for White to take the
knight , and then the f7 paWn With
the bishop , since, after 8. . . &7 ,
6lack obtains a strong attack . )
8 4J fxg2+ g2 J+ I0 I d5
( Oistaken coObination, the best
tep1y hete was I0. . . d6 . )
I I d5 xd5 I2 xd5 6 I J 1 |
7
( IJ. . . 6 was best , but even then
White obtains the bettet gaOe
aftet I4 xc6 bxc6 I5 e5 etc . )
I4xd7 d7 I5 e5 0-0-0
(ftet the tetteat of the bishop ,
61ack , of coutse , 1oses a took .
Winawet counted on obtaining an
attack , but White ' s decisive Ith
Oove escaped his notice )
I6 exd6 e8 I7 O5 |
j The idea behind 61ack ' s piece
sactifice wou1d be vety good
( White ' s king is exposed and in
iinent danget ftoO the thteats
of . . . gJ and . . . &2 ) , if he cou1d
Oanage to avoid Oate . owevet , on
I7 . . b6 , fo11ows I8 O6+ 8 I
dxc7+ 8 20 xb6 Oate . Chigotin
was a1so teady to conc1ude the
gaOe effective1y aftet I7. . . 8
I8 9f4| A6 j I8. . . c6 I f6 | | I
wc7+ 8 20 8+ | j but not 20
d7? thteatening 2I 8+ , because
Df 20. . . d5| b8 2I d7+ 8 22
6J
7+ 8 2J xe8+ 8 24 d8( )
Oate . nfottunate1y , in tep1y to
I7 5 , Winawet tesigned and so
the bti11iant coObinative idea
teOained in the notes . |
I-0
j Notes by Chigotin ( )
HoOanowsky j|.|
I0 6itd - Chigotin
( ienna I882)
Two Knights 0efence
and
I e4 e5 2 fJ 6 J A4 f6 4 5
d5 5 exd5 5 6 5+ c6 7 dxc6
bxc6 8 A2 h6 fJ e4 I05 7
II g4
( This tetteat is not consideted
sttong . Instead of Oaking the
usefu1 deve1oping Oove I I d4 ot
sttengthening the centte by Oeans
of I I f4 j see the gaOe tno1d v
Chigotin| , White exchanges what
is fot the ptesent his on1y act-
ive piece . )
I I . . . g4 I 2A g4 d6
( Oove ptogtaOOed into this
systeO and hete quite sttong ,
since it ptevents iOOediate
cast1ing by White . owevet ,
seventy yeats aftet this gaOe ,
one of the best Soviet Oastets of
attack , NezhOetdinov , suggested
an even sttonget p1an in which
the attack is ditected at both
the h2 and f2 squates I2. . . A5 |
IJ A2 d8 I4 cJ 7 I5 - h5 |
I6 d4 exdJ I7 dJ 4| The gaOe
Cioca1tea v NezhOetdinov , 6uch-
atest I54, continued I8 2+ 8
I gJ 7 20 A4 h4 2I 9f4 xh2 |
and 61ack won shott1y . )
I J hJ
( 6tonstein, in a ttaining gaOe
with SOys1ov in I5J , tetteated
the bishop to hJ, in otdet to
ttansfet it to g2 . owevet , this
Oove costs a gteat dea1 of tiOe
and a11ows 61ack to inctease the
ptessute aftet IJ J 0-0 I4 gJ
O5 I5 0-0 e8 I6 dJ eJ . )
I J. . . 0-0 I4J
( Steinitz consideted that it is
necessaty to ptevent the ttansfet
of the 5 to the centte , by
p1aying I4 bJ. 6ut this Oove wi11
hatd1y iOptove White s deve1op-
Oent and Oight possib1y change
the chatactet of the sttugg1e
61ack deve1ops vety sttong ptess-
ute on the centte fi1es , e . g . I4
. . . 5 I5 J d8 I6 2 eJ| I7
fxeJ AcJ I8AcJ4 |)
I4. . . 4 I5 bJ?
( White p1ays the opening too
cate1ess1y . The deve1opOent of
the bishop on b2 is Oistaken . The
ptincipa1 events Oust take p1ace
in the tegion of the king s f1ank
whete 61ack is ditecting a11 his
pieces thetefote desetving
attention is a p1an of deve1op-
Oent such as I 5 e2 5 I6 dJ |
jI6 d4 6 I7 0-0 4| exdJ I7
cxdJ d8 I8 0-0 . 0f coutse , even
hete , 61ack ' s s1ight advantage in
deve1opOent a11ows hiO to keep
the initiative , but White s
defence wou1d be fat easiet than
in the gaOe . )
64
I5. . . 5 I6 2 fe8 I 7 0-0
( It is too 1ate fot White to
tetteat the bishop to e2 - I7 2
fJ+ | I8 l 4 - and he hutties
to get his king out of the centte
even though he 1oses a pawn . )
I7. . . xg4 I8 hxg4 7 I 2
( 0efending the g4 pawn wou1d 1ead
to the cteation of anothet weak-
ness I fJ 5+ 20 1 d8 2I
a4 4|)
I. . . xg4
( The tutning point . With Oatetia1
equa1ity , it is difficu1t fot
White to teckon on a successfu1
defence . 6ut cou1d he take the e4
pawn , 20 xe4 , exp1oiting the
fact that the opponent does not
have the Oove 20. . . f5 because of
2I 4+? It seeOs the tisk is
gteat as the pin of the 4 is
vety unp1easant and a11ows 61ack
to obtain the advantage in two
ways 20 xe4 (I ) 20. . . 2+ 2I
OI 7 22 fJ f5 2J 4+ 8 24
f2 | 6 j fot exaOp1e , 25 xg4
fxg4 26 f4 6| , ot ( 2) 20. . . &5
2I fJ j hatd1y satisfactoty is the
queen sacrifice 2I xd6 5 22
g4 g4 2J xe8 xe8 24 fe1
xe1+ 25 xe1 &5 26 dJ 5 | | 2I
. . . 5 | 22 fxg4 O2+ 2J 2 &4+
24 I xe4 25 xf4 xe2 26 f2
e4 jChigorin s variation| . 11
the saOe , if he Wants to choose
the 1esser evi1 , White Oust 1ook
for sa1vation in this endgaOe ,
since, in refusing to take the
paWn , he dooOs hiOse1f to hope-
1ess defence . )
20 gJ &5 2I 2 e6 22 aeI
( xchanging the e4 paWn, by 22 fJ
exfJ+ j 22. . . 5 2J f4| | 2J fJ ,
does not free White froO the
attack , after 2J. . . 6 | )
22. . . ae8 2J I h5 |
( The Win of the exchange , by 2J
. . .&J+ 24 fJ exfJ+ 25 fJ
xeI 26 xeI xeI 27 g4 5 ,
a1so guarantees 61ack victory ,
but in a 1onger Way . There is
sti11 the possibi1ity of
strengthening the attack and
Chigorin continues his offensive .
oW he threatens 24. . . &J+ With
the Win of a rook , since the 4
is defended . )
24 efJ 6 | 25 I
( It seeOs that 61ack s queen has
1ost poWer in order to free a Way
for the f7 paWn , and certain1y
noW 25. . . f5 26 OJ f4 Wou1d a1so
give hiO an irresistb1e attack .
oWever , Chigorin deOonstrates a
surprising coObinationa1 possib-
i1ity . )
25. . . eJ|
65
( Making it c1ear that the gJ paWn
is not to be defended froO the
invasion of the 61ack queen,
since , after 26 xeJ xeJ+ 27
dxeJ, Wou1d fo11oW 27. . . xeJ 28
h5 xgJ+ and Oate on the
fo11oWing Oove . )
26 94 xf2 27 xf2 gJ+ 28 I
exf2 2 OJ c5 J0 J xeJ JI
dxeJ xeJ J2 W1 h4 JJ 92 hJ
0I
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin . |
I I Chigorin Mackenzie
( ienna I882 )
Centre 0aOe
I e4 e5 2 d4 exd4 J d4 6 4
J g6
( The strongest continuation noW
is 4. . . f6 5 J 4, fo11oWed by
. . . 00 and e8 to attack the e4
paWn and prepare to open the gaOe
b Oeans of . . d5 , Which Wou1d
favour 61ack in vieW of the
unfortunate position of the White
queen . Mackenzie does not strive
for great activity in the open
ing, setting hiOse1f the Oodest
aiO of deve1oping his pieces . )
5 92 g7 6 J d6
( NoW a1ready White has the
necessary Oeans and tiOe to pre
vent . . . d5 , for exaOp1e , 6. . . e7
7 000 00 8 4 etc . )
7 f4
( ttacking the centre before
deciding upon the position of his
Oinor pieces on the king ' s f1ank .
NoW j after f4| the knight on gI
wi11 exett sttong ptessute on the
centte ftoO fJ . Not bad now is 7
00-0 and, if 7. . . e7 , then 8
4 0-0 h4 with an iOOediate
attack on the kings f1ank , as
happened fot exaOp1e in a 1atet
gaOe Mieses v Spie1Oann , 6tes1au
II2 . )
7. . . e7
( 7. . . Of6 offeted 61ack gteatet
ptospects . )
8 0-0-0 A6 OfJ O7 I05 |
( Though siOp1e, this Oanoeuvte is
fu11 of deep positiona1 signific-
ance : White Oaintains his doOin-
ation of the centte and ptepates
the exchange of the fine1y p1aced
61ack bishop on g7 by Oeans of
J . )
I0. . . 00-0 II J | AcJ I2 wcJ
(1teady thteatening to win the
queen by IJ Of6, which gtaphic
a11y i11usttates how unfottunate-
1y p1aced ate the 61ack pieces . )
I2. . . 8 IJ J |
( With this Oove , Chigotin offets
a subt1e pawn sactifice . Macken
zie is teOpted and coOes undet a
vety sttong attack . )
IJ. . . Ad5?
( Cottect was IJ. . Oc6 . )
I4 exd5 5 I5 gJ Oxd5
diagtaO
I64 |
( TeOpting was I6 5, with the
thteat of J , but aftet this
wou1d fo11ow I6. . . 4f4 | I7 h4
h6 | etc . )
I6. . . 7
( He1ative1y best . I64 e 4 4 wou1d
have 1ost iOOediate1y to I7 J
f5 I8 el . )
I75 | c6 I8Oxa7 7 I xd5 |
( ndoubted1y, when cattying out
the Oanoeuvte 4-b5xa7 , Chig-
otin had in Oind this sactifice
of the exchange . )
I. . . cxd5 20 5 6
( 1so aftet 20. . . 4 ot 5 ,
White` s attack on the opponents
king wou1d be ittesistb1e . )
2I J 6 22 el a7
( 61ack had a1teady coitted hiO-
se1f to this on his 20th Oove , as
tetteating the queen wou1d 1ead
to a catasttophe in view of the
thteat 4 and e7 . )
2J e6 fxe6 24 J 8 25 J
6 26 Aa6 bxa6 27 wa6 8 28
6 8 2 b4 e8 J0 7 e5 JI
b5 I 0
j Notes by Hagosin . |
66
I2 ukertort Chigorin
( ienna I882 )
vans 0aObit
I e4 e5 2 OfJ6 J 4 5 4 b4
6 5 b5
( his continuation of the attack
is not so good as 5 0-0 or 5 a4. )
5 . . 5 6 2 d6 7 dJO7 8 d2
0-0 Ofl 6 I0 hJ a6 I I bxa6
xa6 I2 g4 4 IJ J 4fJ+ I4
fJ 94 I5 I 6 I6 92
( I f White defends the pawn by I6
aJ, then , irrespective of whether
or not it reOains defensib1e,
61ack obtains a counterattack ,
e . g . I6. . . 4 I7 2 g6 I8 2
5 etc . )
I6. . xa2 I7 g5
( White wou1d obtain a very strong
position if 61ack a11ows hiO to
p1ay his knight to f5 . The next
Oove destroys White s p1an . )
I7. . . f6 |
( The best Oove - to exchange off
the Oenacing White pawn . )
I8 cJ
(White wins the exchange , but for
two pawns . fter I8 h4, 61ack
wou1d continue I8. . fxg5 I hxg5
xc2 | 20 wc2 fJ, winning even
tree pawns for the exchange , and
obtaining the better gaOe . )
iagraO
I8. . . d2 | I wd2 fxg5 20 Of5
(Worse wou1d be 20 cxd4 fJ 2I
dxe5 Oxe5 hreatening . . . gJ . )
20. . . 6 2I 4 f5 22 exf5 g6
6
2J O2+ 7 24 fxg6 f2+ 25 l
hxg6 26 fl
( I f 26 xb7, then 26. . . 6 , and
61ack recovers the exchange . )
26. . . 6 27 xf8 wf8 28 2 4
2 aI 95 | J0 J
( White cannot defend the pawn
with the king: J0 2 cJ , and
if JI cJ , then JI. . . O4+ winn
ing the queen )
J0. . . b6 JI 97 O7 J2 2 Od5 JJ
6 OJ+ J4 2 d5 J5 a4 d4 J6
cxd4 exd4 J7 J?
(1so on any other Oove by White ,
61ack obtains a winning position :
he threatens J7. . . J+ J8 I
J . )
J7. . . 2+ 0-I
( fter J8 J wou1d fo11ow
J8. . . J J 4 b4+ and Oate in
a few Ooves . )
j Notes by Chigorin . |
I J e1vig - Chigorin
(Corrspondence 0aOe I882)
onziani
I e4 e5 2 OfJ 6 J cJ Of6 4 d4
Oxe4 5 d5 8 6 9J 5 7 4e5
OxdJ+ 8 wdJ A7 00 d6 I0 OfJ
( White safe1y avoids the ttap , I0
O5+ c6 II dxc6 bxc6 I2Oxc6 7
1J Oxd8 b5 .)
I0. . . 0-0 I I c4 O7 I2 4J
( The opening phase of the gaOe
has ended in 61ack s favout . The
teason fot this 1ies not in the
advantage of the two bishops , but
in the possibi1ity of futthet
sttengthening his position .
White ' s pieces a1so ate not bad1y
p1aced and , thanks to the d5
pawn , he contto1s Oote space , but
thete does not appeat to be any
p1an to futthet activate his Oen .
eanwhi1e , besides the toutine
dep1oyOent of his fotces by I2. . .
45 1J 2 f6 I4 1 a5 I5 AJ
g6, 61ack has at his disposa1 an
intetesting possibi1ity of otgan-
ising an attack on the king s
f1ank . )
I2. . . f5 | IJ e1
( White ptevents the exchange of
the knight on e5 and the fotOat
ion of a dangetous pawn pait , but
thete fo11ows an unexpected tep1y
aftet which it becoOes c1eat that
61ack s p1an is iOpossib1e to
stop . )
IJ. . . f6 | I4 AJ
( White tesigns hiOse1f to the
iOpossibi1ity of pteventing the
Oove I4. . . O5 and ptepates , aftet
I5Oxe5 dxe5 , to p1ay I6 f4| ow-
evet , higotin , exp1oiting the
stabi1isation of the centte ,
begins a pawn attack on the
68
king s f1ank . )
I4. . . g5 |
( 61ack ' s intention is abso1ute1y
c1eat f4 and then g4 . The
cottectness of this idea cou1d be
p1aced undet doubt on1y on the
coutse I5 wf5 cJ I6 6+ 7
I7 bxcJ . Chigotin consideted that
61ack wins by Oeans of I7. . . O5
I8Oxg5 f6 , but a11 is not so
siOp1e : instead of I8 Oxg5 ,
sttonget is I8 O4 | , and in the
event of 18. . . e8 I g5 wg5 20
we8 J 2I O6+ White wins . 6ut ,
fot a11 that , the f5 pawn cannot
be taken - he need on1y Oove the
knight to f6 on the I7th Oove ,
aftet which I8 Oxg5 jot I8 O4|
is tefuted by the effective I8
. . .6 | | )
I 5 4 g4 I6 O2 A5 I7 O2 f4|
I8 fJ d4+ I wd4
jukettott consideted that best
now was I Oxd4, and if I. . . O5 ,
then 20 &I . |
I . . . O5 |
( The 61ack knight occupies an iO
ptegnab1e position and, undet its
covet , 61ack is ab1e to tegtoup
his fotces fot an attack on the
king . The otganisation of the
decisive attack is cattied out by
Chigotin with gteat ski11 . )
20 Oxf4
j 0thet continuations wete a1so in
61ack ' s favout , fot exaOp1e :
|I ) 20 fxg4 fJ 2I gxfJ fJ 22
fl dJ 2J 4 g4 24 J J 25
f2 8 and , aftet the exchange
of queens , 61ack ' s gaOe is
bettet , if, howevet , 26 4 , then
26. . d2 | 27 xf8 xf8 with a
winning position fot 6ack j 28
Ofl xb2, thteatening . . . OfJ |
| 2) 20 fl gxfJ 2I OxfJ $4| 22
Oxf4 fJ 2J O6 7 24 gxfJ j 24
4f8 7 | | xfJ 25 OI 6 26
gI O8 , and 61ack , thteatening
. . . f2 , has a significant1y
bettet gaOe : fot exaOp1e : 27 Oxc7
8 28 wa7? f2 and 61ack wins . |
20 . . 5 2I gJ gxfJ |
j In this pawn, defended by the
knight , 1ies the who1e sttength
of 61ack ' s gaOe . |
22 fI $4 2J f2
j 0t 2J O4 xf4| j if the queen
tetteats, then 24Of2 and White ' s
gaOe is bettet| 24 gxf4 wf4 25
adI f8 | 26 Of2 j ot 26 f2 J
27 J 5 28 OI h5 thteatening
. . . 4 and a1so . . h5-h4 , if 2
O4 , then 2. . 2. | 5 27 Oxg4
j27 OI J| Oxg4 28 I OJ 2
gI 2 | J0 xg2 fxg2 JI l
fI and J2. . . gxfI |) Oate . |
2J< e8
6
j White ' s intention was to p1ay
with advantage his knight to dJ,
aftet which 61ack wou1d have
difficu1ty in satisfactoti1y
defending the fJ pawn . The Oove
in the gaOe inditect1y ptevents
White ' s p1an . |
24 I
j I f instead | l ) 24 OJ c5 | 25
dxc6Oxc6 26 5 wd5 27 cxd5
O4 28 Of4 O2 2 Oxe2 fxe2 J0
xf8 f8 JI 2 e5 J2 44 f5
JJ &J xd5 and 61ack is 1eft
with an extta pawn , | 2) 24 wa7
xf4| 25 gxf4 wf4 26 eI J 27
J 4 28 I 2 2 I f8
J0 O4 J JI J | h5 J2 l
$2 JJ l h4 J4 O4 J etc . |
24. . . h5 |
j White thteatened 25 hJ , now,
aftet this, wou1d fo11ow 25. .
h4 | White does not ptevent the
Oove 25. . . h4 | by 25 gl , in view
of the vatiation 26 O6 e6 27
gxh4 wgI 28 gI J j thteaten-
ing . 4| 2 J 7 J0 Ofl
ff7 JI J 4 , and 61ack Oust
win . If 25 h4 , then 25. . . f4|
| I ) 26 gxf4 wh4 27 2 J 28
gl 2 2 gxg2 fxg2 J0 g2
4 JI I | 6 J2 2 wf4 JJ
I 7 J4 f2 4 J5 2 I
etc . | 2) 26 wf4 wf4 27 gxf4
OJ 28 fJ| j if 28 ff1, then
28. . . f2 2 2 e2 J0 OJ | 4f4,
J I J OJ and 61ack Oust win|
fJ 2 OxfJ Oxb2 J0 I e2
etc . |
25 O4 xf4| 26 gxf4 wf4 27 gI
j This Oove acce1etates his
defeat . 6ettet was 27 W1 then
27. . . J and aftetwatds as indic
ated above. |
27. . . O7 28 eI
j 0t 28 hJ xe4 2 2 xc4 J0
f4 xf4 JI hxg4 hxg4 with
. . . 5 to fo11ow and an easy
win . |
28. . . 45 | 2 fe2
jn intetesting position is
teached aftet 2 f6+ &7 | | and
61ack wins . |
2. . . 5|
j Togethet with this Oove wete
sent the fo11owing vatiations
( I ) J0 J xe4| JI f4 f2+ J2
1 J+ JJ OI xf4 J4 xe5 dxe5
J5 I f2+ , ( ) J0f6+ f6 JI
xe5 dxe5 J2 e5 J2 xe5 &7
and . . . f2| e5 JJ xe5 f2 J4 2
J+ J5 f2 OJ+ , ( J) J0 eJ f2
and 61ack wins . |
0I
( This gaOe is not on1y a c1assic
exaOp1e of the cattying out of an
attack in a coOp1icated position,
but a1so wou1d be a ctedit to any
gtandOastet today . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin ( )
and Chigotin j | . |
I4 Steinitz - Chigotin
( ondon I88J)
ienna 0aObit
I e4 e5 2 4J 6 J f4 exf4 4 d4
4+ 5 &2
( n astute opening, which was
inttoduced by Steinitz into tout
0
naOent ptactice in I867 . White
vo1untati1y deptives hiOse1f of
cast1ing and, in addition , his
king takes up a quite unaesthetic
position . In tetutn , he obtains a
powetfu1 pawn centte and
ptospects of winning seveta1
teOpi by fJ and O5 . Nevetthe
1ess , b enetgetic p1ay , 61ack
has good chances of undetOining
the centte and coOOencing an
iOOediate attack on the king , by
exp1oiting Whites difficu1ty in
deve1oping his pieces on the
king s f1ank . Chigotin 1iked to
entet such non-steteotyped , vety
shatp vatiations , and 1atet on
was happy to p1ay this position
equa11y with White ot 61ack .
ctua11y, in I82 , Chigotin, as
White , chose the teinitz 0aObit
in the 2Ist gaOe of the tetutn
Oatch with Steinitz . )
5. . . d5 |
( ukettott suggested this Oove
ovet a hundted yeats ago and even
today it is consideted the Oost
dangetous fot White . The idea of
it is abso1ute1y cottect : 61ack
Oust open the centte fi1es as
quick1y as possib1e . nothet
equa11y shatp p1an , connected
with the opening of the centte ,
was suggested by Steinitz in
I85 5. . . d6 6 fJ $4 7 A f4 f5 |
Then the thtust 8 5 wou1d
iOOediate1y 1ose its sttength
because of 8. . . fxe4| , on 8 exf5 ,
61ack siOp1y cast1es 8. . . 0-0-0,
the pawn advances 8 d5 and 8 e5
do not 1ook vety dangetous , whi1e
the Oove 8 &J cannot be taken
setious1y , as, aftet 8. . . AJ |
White is fotced to Oake a thitd
Oove with the king, f, and
futthetOote , aftet . . . g5 , he has
to tetteat his bishop to c1 )
6 exd5
( ftet 6 xd5 g4+ 7fJ 000 8
cJ f5 , White c1eat1y 1oses the
skitOish in the centte . )
6. . . 7+
( 0n1y seveta1 yeats aftet this
gaOe was it estab1ished that
61ack obtains a c1eat advantage
with the continuation , 6. . 4+
7 fJ 00-0 8 dxc6 A5 I O5 |
I0 cxb7+ 8 I I I Ad4, when
White ' s king cannot hide ftoO the
61ack tooks on the centte fi1es . )
7 &2 O4+ 8 gJ
(itst1y to avoid petpetua1 check
on the 8th Oove . )
8. . . fxgJ+ 2
( toO being a tatget , the king
sudden1y becoOes an active piece ,
by setting up the thteat I0 hxgJ .
Chigotin j p1aying White| often
Oade the took sactifice hxgJ .
In the event of the acceptance of
the sactifice , . . . hI I0 g2
O2 I I dxc6 96 I2 J , White
obtains a vety active position ,
and , by not taking the took , . . .
d4+ , 61ack 1ikewise gives up
the initiative : I0 AJ | dI I I
xdI 5 I 2 9f4 96 IJ e1 f6 I 4
fJ. )
7I
. . . 96 |
( 1teay , in the opening , a
beautifu1 tactica1 sttugg1e is
undet way . 61ack 1eaves the 6
undet attack , though , aftet I0
dxc6 gxh2 II &J | hxgI ( ) +I2gI
d4+ IJ AJ 6 I 4 2 b6 I55
A5 , the coOp1ications ate not
unfavoutab1e fot 61ack . )
I0 I+e7
j "I f I0. . 7 I I g5 f6 j I I . . .
e I2 xeI+ Ihxg,fo11owed
Oost1y by 4 etc . | I2 dxc6 fxg5
IJ 5 b6 I4 5 eI I5 xel+
&8 j I5. . . 7 I6 xe7+| I6 hxgJ
with the supetiot gaOe" Steinitz |
I I hxgJ d4
( ctitica1 position in this
opening . White has definite
coOpensation fot the pawn , since
his pieces ate ab1e to quick1y
coOe into p1ay . Now the natuta1
Oove , I2 fJ , desetves setious
attention , in otdet to 1eave the
opponent behind in deve1opOent
aftet I2. . . 6 I J 5 6 I4 5+
Incidenta11y , Chigotin hiOse1f
p1ayed this way in a cottespond
ence gaOe in I00. Steinitz Oakes
a Oove, which not on1y does not
advance the deve1opOent of his
pieces , but a1so conttibutes
1itt1e to the sttengthening of
his position . )
I2 4 6 I J 4 6 I4 9J 9f5
I5xd6+
( It is a1teady difficu1t fot
White to find a p1an to futthet
sttengthen his position and a1so ,
after deciding to exchange the
96, he hurries to do this now so
as to c1ose the d-fi1e to the
61ack rooks. 0n I 5 fJ 0-0-0 I6
c4, Chigorin gives the convincing
retort I6. . . f6 | I7 xd6+ xd6 I8
we7? e8 | I Af5 f5 etc . )
I5. . . cxd6 I6 5+ 8 |
( White has not achieved Ouch the
61ack king, though a1so deprived
of cast1ing , does not find itse1f
in any danger . t the saOe tiOe ,
61ack threatens to occupy the e4
square with his pieces after
. . . f6 . Steinitz defends the
attacked pawn , but thereby shuts
his white squared bishop out of
the gaOe . )
I7 c4 f6 I8fJ g4
( nother p1an is I8. . . A4 and
then . . . a6 and b5 . )
I4 f5 20 Oxf5 wf5 2I f4
( White seeOs to be creating soOe
threats , but there is actua11y
on1y one , by the f4 . 11 the
other pieces are uncoordinated
and do not take an active part in
the gaOe therefore the surpris-
2
ing rep1y is fu11y ]ustified . )
2I. . . g5 | 22 Ad6+ 7 2J xg4
( The on1y way to fight for the
initiative . With the he1p of an
exchange sacrifice, White
atteOpts to disorganise the
opponent s attack and coOp1ete
the Oobi1isation of his pieces .
In the event of 2J 2, 61ack
wou1d achieve a decisive super-
iority by 2J. . . a6 24 94 b5 | and
25. . . e8 . )
2J. . . Oxg4 24 J+
( The White queen Oust keep con-
tro1 over the activity of her
opposite nuOber , and therefore
White shou1d p1ay 24 2 h5 25
fJ . Steinitz reckoned that in
this way he cou1d Oake at 1east a
draw, but he is hard1y right . 0f
course here White has genera11y
Oore prospects of coOp1icating
the gaOe , for exaOp1e : 25. . . ae8
26 Ae8 xe8 27 xf5 xe2+ 28 I
j28 J eJ+ 2 2 6 J0 fJ
e2+ JI I xb2 , and if J2 J ,
then J2. . . xa2 JJ xb7 J etc. | ,
but , a11 the saOe , 61ack ' s
chances reOain better 25. . . 6
6 c5 e8 | 27 Ae8 xe8 28 we8
2+ 2 J 2+ J0 &J Ofl+ JI
4 wb2+ etc .)
24. . . f6 25 fI 4+ 26 I
( 0n1y 26 J J+ 27 O2 provides
a 1onger resistance . Now fo11ows
a decisive invasion by the 61ack
pieces . )
26. . . 2 27 fJ ae8 | 28 Ae
xe8 2 5 2+ J0 &1 e2
| 6lack had hete a Oate in two by
J0. . . OI+ JI $I OJ Oate . )
0-I
| vety shatp and non-steteotyped
played gaOe by both pattnets . The
tactics which Chigotin inttoduced
to the gaOe , in a shatp position ,
wete vety insttuctive . )
I 5 Chigotin - Steinitz
| ondon I88J )
vans 0aObit
I e4 e5 2 fJ 6 J 4 5 4 b4
Ab4 5 cJ 95 6 0-0 d6 7 d4 exd4
8 cxd4 6 J 5 I0 $5 f6 I I
f4 xc4 I 2 O4+ 7 IJc4 f7
I4 5 g5?
| weak Oove which gteatly coO-
ptoOises 6lack s gaOe. )
I5 $J 6
| Steinitz at fitst intended to
continue I5. . . h5 , but now dis
coveted that , aftet I6 xb6 axb6
I7 wf7+ f7 I8 fcl , he loses a
pawn . owevet , in Oy opinion ,
this avenue of attack fails ,
because, aftet I8. . . c6 | I d6
e7 , 6lack obtains a vety good
gaOe due to the weakness of
White s a2 pawn if 20 a4 , then
20. . . 6 etc . The Oove 5. . . h5 is
not good on two counts, i . e .
aftet the Oove I 6 acl | , if 6lack
has no bettet Oove than l6. . . c6 ,
then I7 xb6 axb6 I8 4 , and
White wins a pawn , keeps queens
on the boatd and Oaintains the
attack . I f, howevet , aftet I6
acl , 6ack teplies I6. . . h4? then
7J
I7 d6 | cxd6 I8 xb6 axb6 I
c8+ | x 20 xc8+ &7 2I fcl
7 22 lc7+ &6 2J d5+ xd5 24
exd5+ d5 25 xf7 , and White is
left with knight against two
pawns . )
I6 O4+ 97 I7 OJ c I8 fel g4
I xb6 axb6 20 2 6
| ftet 20. . . 7 would follow 2I
e5 dxe5 j ot 2I. . . fxe5| 22 4|
0-0 2J dxe5 fxe5 24 e5 5 25
adl , and White , thteatening 9I
and 2 , obtains a winning
position . )
2I f4
| White thteatens f5 and then e5 . )
2l. . . gxfJ 22 xfJ 7 2J e5 fxe5
24 dxe5 d5 25 fl f5
|Steinitz , in his notes to the
gaOe , considets this Oove a Ois-
take and indicates that the best
teply is 25. . . 6 . If Steinitz
had played 25. . . 6 in the gaOe
and seen the consequences of it,
then he would adOit that it is a
Oistake and indicate quite the
tevetse - that the best Oove is
25. . . f5 . 0ne Oust look fot the
cause of defeat not in this Oove
not in the futthet continuation
of the gaOe , but in 6lack s I4th
Oove , which led to a cleatly
unsatisfactoty position fot hiO.
ftet 25. . 6 , would follow 26
5 , and aftet 26. . . 7 - on
which Steinitz Oainly bases his
defence , with an analysis of the
gaOe tight down to the ending -
27 J f 28 xf8+ f 2 fl+
8 J0 f6 O8 JI 4. We do not
be1ieve that 61ack can save the
gaOe . )
26 O4 6
( I f 26o o + 7, then 61ack 1oses a
piece . White, hoWever , threatens
27 f5 Af5 28 fJ . fter 26. . .
c5 , Wou1d fo11oW 27 4+ 8 j 27
. . . 7 28 e6 | | 28 Oxf5 Af5 2
4+ 7 J0 g4 g8 JI $J and
White Wins a bishop j J1. . . xg4 J2
g4| . )
27 Oxf5 Af5 28 4 c5 2 fJ 7
J0 af1 f8 JI gJ
JI+ e e 6
( Steinitz reOarks that , With the
continuation JI+ + 6 J2 4+
7 | JJ g7+ 8 J4 A7 fd8
j J4. . . e5 J5 Af8 xf8 J6 4
and White Wins a piece| , despite
the 1oss of the exchange , he
Wou1d have had not on1y chances
of a draW, but even of a Win( ?) .
oWever , if noW White does not
take the rook , but p1ays J5 4|
J J6 fJ c4 jJ6. . . 6 J7 Ad8
xd8 J8 6| | J7 Ad8 xd8 J8 7
or 6 , then he Oust Win. )
74
J2 f6 A6
( I f J2+ + 4 xf6 JJ exf6 f6 , then
J4 4+ and J5 gfJ . )
JJ 7 |
( It is interesting that the
queen , Which since the I7th Oove
has not assuOed an active part in
the attack , noW de1ivers the
decisive b1oW. Made ear1ier , this
Oove Wou1d have been preOature . )
JJ. . . 7
(fter JJ. . . 6 , Wou1d have
fo11oWed J4 J b5 J5 xb5 | xb5
J6 1+ 4 J7 4+ and White
Oates in a feW Ooves . )
J4 J 7 J5 b6 6 J6 b7+
c7 J7 6 I-0
j Notes by Chigorin . |
I6 Mason Chigorin
(ondon I88J)
Ita1ian 0aOe
I e4 e5 2 OfJ46 J 4 5 4 4J
Of6 5 dJ d6 6 AJ 6 7 2 A6
( Worthy of attention is 7+ + $4,
Which forces the rep1y 8 hJ , and
on1y then 8. . . A6 . )
8 J 7 hJ
( White vo1untari1y p1ays a Oove
Which noWadays Wou1d be regarded
as artificia1 . Tarrasch , the
foreOost popu1ariser of Steinitz
princip1es , used up a great dea1
of ink discussing such Ooves as
hJ, aJ , h6 , a6 . ctua11y , such
Ooves Weaken the paWn cover and
shou1d be avoided if they are not
p1ayed in con]unction With a
definite p1an of p1ay . Mason
p1ays hJ since he finds hiOse1f
in an otigina1 zugzwang . ot the
tiOe being , unti1 the opponent s
p1an becoOes c1eat , he does not
want to cast1e . ason was evid-
ent1y aftaid that Chigotin wou1d
cast1e on the opposite side and
begin a vio1ent attack on the
king. This feat of the attack is
a chatactetistic of Steinitz '
coOptehension of the chess
sttugg1e . It goes without saying
that White cou1d quiet1y cast1e . )
. . eJ I0 fxeJ
( The fitst consequence of the
Oove 8 hJ 0n I0 weJ ,
fo11ow 5-f4 and the
wou1d
61ack
knight cannot be dtiven away by
gJ. )
I0. . . 5 II &2 bJ I2 axbJ 4 |
( n iOpottant Oove . The open a
and f-fi1es ate a vety signific-
ant ttuOp fot White , though , on
the othet hand , the doub1ed b and
e-pawns testtict the Oobi1ity of
the White pawn Oass . The text
Oove ptevents the Oanoeuvte 5
and b4-b5 , thteatening to pata-
1yse the 61ack pawns on the
queen ' s f1ank . )
IJ 0-0
( It is c1eat that 61ack cannot
cast1e queen s side , because of
the open a-fi1e, and , in this
way , ason insutes hiOse1f
against the unp1easantness assoc
iated with cast1ing on diffetent
sides . 11 the saOe , I wou1d
ptefet IJ 0-00, which wou1d Oote
75
tapid1y a11ow hiO to tea1ise the
advantage of the open f-fi1e and
which , incidenta11y , wou1d ]ust-
ify the Oove 8 hJ . )
IJ. . . 0-0 I4 g4
(5 , hete ot eat1iet , wou1d have
been a Oistake because of
. . . xd5 , exd5 e4 |)
I4. . . f6 I 54 7 I 6f5 5 |
( chatactetistic Oove fot Chig-
otin s sty1e of p1ay . It not on1y
does not coObat White s attack ,
but even ptovokes it. ftet I 7
h4 , the 61ack queen Oust tetteat
to d8 , since I8. . . wg4 I 2
O5 j the thteat was 6+ | 20 g1
g6 2I 5 1eads to the 1oss of
the queen . 0n I 7 h4, wou1d fo11ow
I7. . . 8 I8 I g6 I 6+ 7 20
g5 f6 | 2I 2 fxg5 22 hxg5 7 |
with the thteat o f . . c2 jwc2
wg5 , f5+ 8 ||.)
I 7 I 8 I8 ae1 g6 I J c6
20 e2 ae8 2I 1 e6 22 1 | c5
2Jd2 |
(n exce11ent Oanoeuvte . White
ttansfets the knight shatp1y to
the king s f1ank . 0n 2J. . . c2 ,
wou1d fo11ow 24 fJ xe1 25 xg5
winning the exchange )
2J. . . O6 24 fJ | e8
( Now . . . whJ is thteatened,
which on the ptevious Oove wou1d
have 1ed to the 1oss of the queen
aftet 2 and h4 . )
25 h2 d5 |
( This countetattack in the centte
ob1iges White to fotce his attack
on the king s f1ank )
26 h4 d4 27 exd4 exd4 28 g5 7
2 h5 8 | J0 h6
( ftet J0 hxg6 fxg6 JI hf2O5 |
the initiative passes to 61ack . )
J0. . . 8
( The 61ack queen is dtiven into
th cotnet and Oust 1ie in wait .
White s position 1ooks vety
thteatening , but Chigotin was a
gteat Oastet of defence he does
not fight ghosts and obtains a
position which he had foteseen
1ong befote . The weak points in
61ack s position , f6 and g7 , ate
adequate1y defended, Oeanwhi1e,
White has no Oeans of sttengthen-
ing the attack and so the coutse
of the gaOe inevitab1y changes . )
JI O2 f6 | J2 4 fxg5 JJO6
( 0n JJ g5 , wou1d fo11ow JJ. . .
5 J4 Oxe5 xfJ J5 4f1 e5 ,
and White cannot avoid defeat .
Mason Oakes a quite teasonab1e
atteOpt to shatpen the gaOe . )
JJ. . . f7 J4 f2 6 J5 f6 xf6
J6 e5 |
( J6 Oxg5 xf2 J7 xf2 O5 is
quite hope1ess fot White, since ,
76
aftet an iediate 7 and Of7 ,
61ack wins the c2 ot h6 pawns .
The text Oove contains a ttap J6
. . . Oxe5? J7 O4 | fJ J8 fJ
OxfJ J Of6 7 40 Oxe8 and
White wins . )
J6. . . f4 | J7 Oxg5 xf2 J8 xf2
xe5
( I f now J OJe4, then J. . . f5 ,
and , aftet the exchange of tooks ,
the knight ending is hope1ess fot
White . Thetefote he undettakes a
1ast ventute . )
J Oxh7 h7 40 cJ
( Sttiving to teduce the pawn
Oatetia1 on the boatd . )
40. . . OxdJ 4I f7 h6 42 xd7
Oxb2 4J cxd4 cxd4 44 xb7
( 0n 44 xd4, &J fo11owed by
. . . xbJ with an easy win . )
44. . . dJ 45 d7 5
( 45. . . 5| , fo11owed by I ,
c2 and d2 decides the gaOe Oote
quick1y . )
46 4 a5 47 2 6 48 J &6
4 O4 5 50 8 J 5I 4
4 52 &J &7 5J 4 J 54
&4 2
( Chigotin finds hiOse1f in tiOe
ttoub1e and the 1ast use1ess
Ooes ate Oade by hiO to gain
tiOe. )
55 J &2 56 J h2 57 Of2 5
( White cannot take the pawn ,
since . . . J wou1d fo11ow , with
an exchange of a11 the pieces and
a winning pawn ending . )
58 e4 5 5O2 &6 60 4 f5
6I J g5 62 4 5 6J &4 e5
64 &J 5
( ftet 64. . . xe4 65 e4 g4 66
4, fo11owed by J, White wins
the dJ pawn . )
65 g4 5 66 1 1 | 67 xg5+
4 68 2 J 6 g2
( Not 6 4+ because of 6. . . xe4
70 e4 d2 etc . )
6. . 1 70 4+ bJ 7I d2 |
( Mason, untiting1y , 1ooks fot a
chance . I f now 7I. . . 2, then 72
f2 and the dJ pawn is 1ost ,
since aftet 72. . . f1 , 7J 2 , ot
72. . . J, 7J xb2 . )
7I. . . eJ+
( SiOp1et than 71. . . xe4, which
a1so was sufficient , e g. 72
xdJ+ J 7J xc+ cJ 74 e4
a4, ot 72 xd1 4 | 7J &J 8 |
74 2 2 etc . )
72 &4 xe4+ | 7J e4 2 74 2
J 75 &J d2 | 0-I
( In this gaOe , Chigotin showed
his gteat Oastety of defence . )
j Notes by evenfish . |
I7 tno1d - Chigotin
( 61indfo1d 0aOe I885)
Two Knights 0efence
I e4 e5 2 fJ 6 J A4f6 4 g5
d5 5 exd5 a5 6 5+ c6 7 dxc6
bxc6 8 A2
j Weaket is 8 94 h6 fJ e4 and
White cannot p1ay I0 5 because
of I0. . O4 with a doub1e attack ,
as taking on c6 wou1d 1ead to the
1oss of a piece . |
8. . . h6 fJ e4 I0 5 7 I I f4
j atet on, 61ack vety ski1fu11y
77
exp1oits the shady side of this
natuta1 Oove , which iOp1ies the
fo11owing : ( I ) a soOewhat weaken-
ed position of the White cast1ed
king, ( 2) in the event of the 5
Ooving away , the f4 pawn wi11 be
exposed to attack . It wou1d be
bettet to p1ay at once I I d4 .
( The attitude of theoty to this
Oove has changed seveta1 tiOes .
Now it is tegatded as the Oost
te1iab1e . )
I I . . . 6 I2 d4
( The exce11ent teputation of the
Oove I I f4 is based on the vat
iation I2 0-0 | 0-0 I J J Ae5 I4
fxe5 e5 I5 d4 exdJ I6 dJ g4
I7 f4 | 5+ I8 4 , in which
White , by giving back the pawn ,
obtains te advantage of the two
bishops and bettet p1aced
pieces . )
I 2. . . 00 I J 00 c5 |
( White Oust teso1ve the ptob1eO
of the d4 pawn . 0n I4J , cou1d
fo11ow I4. . . cxd4 I5 5 6 I6
xd4 A5 I7 cJ 8 , and , if I8
b4, then I8. . . Ad4 I cxd4 b4 .
White teinfotces the d4 pawn in
the siOp1est way . )
I 4 cJ b8
( cunning Oove . White ,
aitted1y safe1y avoids one ttap
- I 5 2 cxd4 I6 cxd4 4 I7 J
xbJ I8 axbJ xd4 - but fa11s
into anothet. . . . owevet , as
wi11 be c1eat ftoO the fo11owing
notes , 61ack s 1ast Oove a1so has
its dtawbacks . ethaps Oote
1ogica1 wou1d be I4. . . cxd4 l5
cxd4 O5 | with sufficient coOpen-
sation . )
15 J cxd4
I6 5
( This teOpting interediate Oove
a11ows a Oating attack . owever ,
the position is far froO c1ear
after the siOp1e I6 cxd4 . The
continuation, I6. . . AaJ I7 bxaJ
J , seeOs strong, but after I8
2 | d4+ I OI , 61ack 1oses
Oateria1 : I. . . O6 20 Aa5 a5
20 6 . It seeOs that 61ack
shou1d rep1y I6. . . 6 . The con-
tinuation , I7 O5, wou1d revea1
61ack ' s principa1 threat : I7. .
xb5 I8 Ab5 xd4, with a very
sharp position j for exaOp1e , I
A2 2 | 20 l 8 , or I A4
Ae5 20 fxe5 c4 2I exf6 96|
I f, however , White spends tiOe on
I 7 OI , then after I7. . . AaJ I8
bxaJ O7 | , 61ack ' s knight
succeeds in taking up an idea1
position in the centre . ossib1y
best of a11 for White is I7 xc6,
though , after I 7. . . c6 I8 4
78
O5 the position wou1d be doub1e
edged , despite White s extra
pawn . )
I6. . . xb5 | I7 Ab5 O6 I8 a4
j Not I8 c4, since White wants to
retain the c4 square for his
knight . |
I8. . . dJ+ I OI a6 |
j61ack cou1d a1so p1ay the pro-
saic I. . . Ae5 20 fxe5 4, winn-
ing back the sacrificed Oateria1
with interest . Chigorin , however ,
p1aying b1indfo1d , finds a Oore
energetic continuation . | ( Even
without forced variations it is
c1ear that two connected passed
pawns in the centre give 61ack
coOpensation for the exchange .
Chigorin strengthens his position
sti11 further , forcing the ex
change of the strong knight on e5
for his unfortunate opposite
nuOber standing id1e on the edge
of the board . )
20 4 xc4 2I Ac4 4
( The g4 square serves as an idea1
]uOping off point for the invas
ion o the 61ack pieces . )
22 a5 7 2J 4 A2 24 I 4
j Threatening the faOous Oate by
. . . f2+ etc . White s rep1y is
therefore forced . |
25 hJ 2 26 2 A5
j 25. . . J is ]ust as quick1y
decisive , but the text continuat
ion is Oore beautifu1 . White s
fo11owing sacrifice staves off
the inevitab1e for a few Ooves . |
( Six Ooves are required by
Chigotin to deOonsttate the hope-
1essness of futthet tesistance .
Thete fo11ows a despetate butst
of activity by White , which is
punished by a beautifu1 Oating
fina1e . )
27 f7+ xf7 28 8+ 7 2 f7
j2 e4+ g6 J0 xe2 J | is
equa11y hope1ess . Now fo11ows a
spectacu1at study1ike ending,
with a queen sactifice and Oate
with the Oinot pieces . |
2. . g2+ | | J0 g2 fJ+ JI &1
2 Oate .
j This e1egant 1itt1e gaOe en]oyed
patticu1at popu1atity at the
tiOe , and was featuted in Oany
chess Oagazines thtoughout the
wot1d . |
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin ( )
and 61uOenfe1d j | . |
I8 ondon - etetsbutg
( Te1egtaph 0aOe I886 I887)
ueen awn 0pening
I OfJ d5 2 d4 $4
j In choosing this Oove , we
intended , above a11 , to avoid the
usua1 Oode of deve1opOent in the
ptesent position . In the vatiat-
ion I d4 d5 2 OfJ Of6 J eJ , the
Oove J. . . $4 is not consideted
good fot 61ack , a1though ptactice
does not confitO this opinion .|
( The ptob1eO of the deve1opOent
of the A8 in the ueen ' s 0aObit
is coOp1icated it is necessaty
to decide both whete this bishop
is deve1oped and a1so when to do

this . Chigotin ttied seveta1

tiOes to so1ve this ptob1eO
ditect1y . ConteOpotaty theoty ,
howevet , tegatds the Oove 2. . . $4
with scepticisO, consideting that
the weakening of the queen s
f1ank and above a11 , the b7
pawn, cou1d give tise to new
difficu1ties fot 61ack . )
J O5 5
( This continuation is not bettet
than J. . . f5 , which is discussed
in the notes to the gaOe , Consu1-
tants v Chigotin, avana I8I .
White , in his sttugg1e fot an
opening advantage , ought to p1ay
4 c4. )
4 g4 $6 5 h4 e6 |
( In his putsuit of the bishop,
White has teck1ess1y advanced his
1ank pawns , but Chigotin , not
feating ghosts , Oakes a usefu1
deve1oping Oove which invites
White to advance his hpawn even
futthet . ftet 6 h5 A4| 7 fJ f6
8 OJ | dJ dJ 46 , 61ack
does not stand wotse . ) jnd if
hete 8 fxe4 fxe5 dxe5 A7 ,
61ack has a sttong attack and can
win back the pawn . |
6 f4 f6
( Now the bishop is teady to
defend the h4 pawn ftoO the gJ
squate , and the coOp1ications ,
6. . . A4 7 fJ f6 8 fxe4 fxe5 and
. . . A7 ate unfavoutab1e fot
61ack. e is fotced to exchange
the Oe5 . )
7 Oxg6 hxg6 8 J g5 $J
( awn gtabbing could lead to a
catasttophe : 5+ 46 I0 wb7?
4d4 I I c7 8| etc . )
. . . 46 I0 6+
j It is not this Oove which
changes White s position fot the
wotse , weaknesses had appeated
even eatliet , due to the advance
of the g and h-pawns . 0n I0 2 ,
as on I0 aJ ot I0 cJ, 6lack would
teply I0. . 96 | , then II cJ j if
I I 0-0-0 gxh4 I2 xh4 xh4 IJ
h4 g5 I4 $J gJ| gJ I2 wgJ
O6 IJ wd6 cxd6 I4OfJ e5 , and ,
in Oy opinion , 6lack , thteatening
to win a pawn , would have obtain-
ed a quicket and supetiot advant-
age to that which he has aftet
the ctitical Oove I0 6+ . |
I0. . . 7
( s well as the bettet develop-
Oent and an elastic pawn chain in
the centte , 6lack does not suffet
any inconvenience ftoO the king
being on d7 . Moteovet , it is dan-
getous fot White to play II 7+ ,
since , aftet l l . . . 4e7 | , his
queen finds hetself in a ttap
j I2. . . 6 IJ O5 g6| . )
I I cJ 8
jftet I2 we8+ xe8 , 6lack ' s
position would be still sttonget .
0n I 2 2 , 6lack would teply
I2. . . 96 , in otdet to divett the
bishop ftoO defence of the h4
pawn. |
I2 OJ e7
( The basic aiO of this Oove is to
fotce the exchange of queens and
80
ttanspose the gaOe into a coO-
plicated ending , whete the 6lack
knight will be sttonget than the
bishop . )
IJ $2 gxh4 I4 xh4 xh4 I 5 h4
6 I6 wg6
( 6lack thteatens not only to take
the g4 pawn , but also , aftet
I6. . . O6 , to bteak thtough to cl .
Thetefote the exchange of queens
is fotced . ) j nd if I6 OJ , then
. . . 2 . |
I6. . . Oxg6 I7 gJ I8 d6 d6
j ll the hite pieces which had
been btought into action have now
been exchanged . The 6lack king ,
knight and pawns ate excellenty
placed . Though , at this OoOent ,
his advantage is still not pet-
ceptible, it is, howevet , alteady
cleat that soonet ot latet it can
be tealised . The gaOe now entets
a new phase in which the attack
passes to 6lack . |
I eJ h8 20 I e5
j This Oove is linked to a coO-
plicated plan of attack , ctowned
by an exchange sactifice on the
JJtd Oove . It is not difficult to
see that Oost of the following
Ooves of White ate siOply fotced .
6lack would also obtain a good
gaOe with the Oanoeuvte
8-f7-g5 , which does not involve
a weakening of the d5 pawn . |
2I O2 4 22 fJ
(6lack teckoned ptecisely on this
natutal teply , when paying his
last Oove . Meanwhile, White could
have p1ayed siOp1y 22 OfJ
fotcing the took to tetteat .
61ack wou1d then have to ptepate
the advance . . . e4 . )
22. . . exd4 2J cxd4 O4 24 2
j61ack was thteatening . . . 42 . |
24. . . b6 25 bJ 8 |
j This Oove is necessaty , in
otdet , aftet 25 aJ , to ensute the
incutsion 26. . . OJ+ . If the took
teOains on h4 , White, on 25 . .
OJ+ , wou1d have tep1ied 20 J ,
and
26 aJ OJ+ |
27 &2
js a tesu1t of this p1an of def-
ence, 61ack ' s took doOinates the
open fi1e, and considetab1y
1iOits the Oobi1ity of the eneOy
king and knight . owevet , 61ack ,
in Oaking his 20th Oove , had in
Oind, above a11 , the defence by
27 J , which wou1d 1ead to ex-
tteOe1y intetesting vatiations .
The ptincipa1 vatiation was 27
J e8 28 Of1 c5 2 dxc5+ bxc5
J0 1 c4 JI bxc4 dxc4 J2 O2 5
JJ O4+ xe4 J4 fxe4 e5 J5 9fl |
8I
5 . It is c1eat that , aftet the
sactifice of the exchange , 61ack
has at 1east an equa1 gaOe . |
( Though gtandOastet Kotov sub-
sequent1y showed that , in the
basic continuation of Chigotin 's
ana1ysis , J6 AdJ OxdJ J7 J 4
J8 &2 J J xdJ+ | cxdJ 40 dJ
g5 , White cou1d Oake the sttong
Oove 4I e5 |, the eva1uation of
the position teOains as befote,
since , appatent1y , taking the
White bishop with the pawn is
sttonget 6. . . cxdJ, and indeed
a1so 40. . . g5 seeOs a 1oss of an
iOpottant teOpo , instead of the
natuta1 40. . . aJ . )
27. . . 2 28 dJ
( White is fotced to give up the
second tank , since, on 28 gl ,
sttong is 28. . . 4I+ | as pointed
out by 6ogo1]ubov . )
28. . . xg2
j Thete is no doubt that , in this
position , White can defend on1y
in two ways: to iediate1y
ptevent the advance . . . c5 , by
p1aying 2 b4, ot occupying the
hfi1e with the took .. . . The
weak side of White ' s position
undoubted1y 1ies in his unfavout-
ab1e pawn fotOation and the 1iO
ited Oobi1ity of his king and
knight . ina11y, a1so the White
took cannot take up a good posit-
ion , if the 61ack took doOinates
the hfi1e. 61ack s p1an of
attack is to divett the White
king and knight away ftoO the
defence of the e and f-pawns ,
this p1an is tea1ised by the fut-
thet Oanoeuvte of his knight . If
White , anticipating this , p1ays
fot the opening of the a-fi1e , by
continuing 2 b4 2 J0 a4O7 JI
a5 jif JI b5 c5 J2 bxc6 c6 JJ
I 7 , fo11owed by . . . a5 and
4+ | 6 J2 axb6, then thete
fo11ows J2. . . xb4+ JJ J axb6.
I f White wete to attack , not with
the a-pawn but with the b-pawn,
then he cannot ptevent the knight
ftoO estab1ishing itse1f on the
c4 squate : 2 b4 2 J0 b5 O7
and, aftet a futthet . . . c5 and
bxc6 , wou1d fo11ow the ttansfet
. . . xc6-a5-c4. 6ut if, fina11y ,
White does not advance eithet the
a ot b-pawns, then 61ack ttans-
fets the knight to b6 , via e7 and
c8 , and then weakens the c4
squate and a1so occupies it with
the knight . To conc1ude , it is
necessaty to Oention that 61ack ' s
Oost accutate way to the win 1ies
in the iOOediate occupation of
the h-fi1e by the took . |
2 I c5 | J0 7
(Thete is no sense in exchanging
on c5 , since the pawn shou1d
teOain on d4, so as not to a11ow
the 61ack knight to e5 . Thetefote
White is fotced to subOit to a
futthet weakening of his pawn
chain . ) j I f J0 dxc5+ bxc5 JI 7 ,
then JI. . . 5+ J2 J d4+ winning
the knight . |
J0. . . cxd4 JI exd4 f4+ J2 J
82
( J2 &J? 1oses at once , because
of J2. . . g5 | and White Oust sac-
tifice a knight to avoid the
Oate . )
J2. . . 6 JJ J a5 J4 &J g1 |
( This fine Oanoeuvte , in con]unc
tion with the fo11owing coObinat-
ion , guatantees 61ack a quick
win . 61ack cou1d win a pawn by
J4. . . xd4 J5 d4 xd2+ J6 J
f2 J7 xg7 xfJ+ , but , aftet J8
2, the took ending can hatd1y
be won . Chigotin consideted that
anothet way to win the gaOe was
by J4. . . g5 , howevet , he noted
that "the win is not achieved so
quick1y and wi11 be fat Oote
difficu1t" . )
J5 h8 c1 J6 8
j 0n J6 J , 61ack intended to
tep1y not J6. . . f 4+ , but J6. . . g5 |
fotcing the king to tetutn to the
eJ squate , because of the thteat
of J7. . . f4+ and J8. . . + . |
J6. . . J+ J7 &2 xd4 J8 xb6+
&5 J 7 &4 40 g5
j 0t 40 xg7 , then 40. . . J 4I
f1 e2+ 42 1 fJ+ 4J I f2
and wins . 0t 40 d7 eJ 4I I
e2+ 42 &I 2 4J xd5 fJ ,
fo11owed by J . |
40. . . J 0-I
j ot if 4I xg7 f5 | 42 g6 e2+ 4J
&I J 44 7 j if 44I c2 ot
2 | xd2 , and Oate in a few
Ooves , and if 4I f1 e2+ 42 1
xfJ+ 4J I f2 and wins . |
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin ( )
and Chigotin j | . |
I Chigotin Steinitz
| Jtd Match 0aOe , avana I88 )
Spanish
I e4 e5 2 OfJ46 J 5
j j0ne of the extteOe1y tate
occasions When Chigotin p1ayed
the Spanish as White - of coutse ,
in the ptesent gaOe , he expected
the "Steinitz 0efence" , Which , in
Chigotin' s opinion, gives 1ack
"We11knoWn difficu1ties" . Latet ,
tegatding the Steinitz 0efence in
the Spanish 0aOe , Chigotin Wtote ,
"Steinitz , in choosing the
defence . . d6 , a1Ways coObined it
With the Oove . . . e7 , in otdet
not to be fotced to take the paWn
on d4, With his e5 paWn t pte-
sents We11-knoWn difficu1ties
and it is We11-knoWn that Stein-
itz ' ski11 ovetcoOes these diff-
icu1ties . "
1so on Steinitz 1atet tteatOent
of this defence , in a soOeWhat
Oodified fotO, With the deve1op-
Oent of the king ' s knight , not on
e7 but on f6, Chigotin did not
have a favoutab1e opinion " I
considet the Oove 5. . Of6 j aftet
. d6 and 97| to be inadequate
because of the fo11oWing contin-
ation 6 4J A7 7 Ac6 Ac6 8
dxe5 dxe5 2 00 I0 I and
then , fot exaOp1e, if I0 . + 8 I I
$5 . 61ack ' s position, despite
the tWo bishops to Which Oany
ate inc1ined to attach an ex-
aggetated iOpottance in Oy
opinion cannot be tegatded as
8J
good . "
0f coutse , the Steinitz 0efence
Wou1d not appea1 to Chigotin,
since it contained no basis fot
countetp1ay and a11oWed siOp1if-
ication the Oain point of this
defence the passive stabi1ity
of the 61ack position had
1itt1e atttaction fot Chigotin .
Though Chigotin consideted the
Steinitz efence in the Spanish
favoutab1e fot White , and gained
an iOpottant victoty in the
beginning against this vatiation
in the ptesent gaOe , he did not
in the futute , at any tiOe ,
choose to p1ay the Spanish
ptobab1y consideting that the
vans 0aObit Wou1d give hiO an
even gteatet advantage in ptact-
ica1 p1ay against Steinitz nd ,
indeed , out of 8 gaOes of this
Oatch , begun With the Evans 0aO-
bit , Chigotin Won 4, 1ost J and
dteW one - and a11 this despite
the fact that on Steinitz ' side
Wete a11 the advantages of a
nove1ty a11 systeOs of p1ay With
the Oove . . &6 Wete thotough1y
ptepated by Steinitz in deep
sectecy , especia11y fot the pte-
sent Oatch , and Chigotin tefuted
the ftuits of Steinitz ana1yses
at the boatd Thete is no ]ust-
ification this tiOe fot 1ek-
hine ' s exptessed opnon that
"aftet a nove1ty , thete usua11y
fo11oWs a Oistake . "
I t is intetesting to tecotd that
the suO tota1 of gaOes betWeen
Chigotin and Steinitz , opening
With the vans 0aObit , shoWs a
decisive supetiotity to Chigotin
out of 2J gaOes , Chigotin Won I2,
1ost 6 and dteW 5 .
In the Who1e o f his 1ife , Chig-
otin p1ayed, in geneta1 , feW
Spanish 0aOes The teason fot
this 1ies not on1y in the fact
that he obtained a gaOe Oote in
keeping With his cteative natute
ftoO othet openings , but a1so in
that Chigotin Wi11ing1y deviated
ftoO a11 that Was univetsa11y
adopted in chess and , at the
tiOe , the Spanish Was a vety pop-
u1at opening 0n the othet hand,
the vans 0aObit Was not on1y
p1ayed coOpatative1y 1itt1e, but
gteat1y condened , Steinitz hiO-
se1f Oaintained that the vans
0aObit Was an incottect open-
ing, in Which 61ack , by giving
back the gaObit paWn, cou1d
obtain the bettet gaOe . nd so ,
as pointed out above , Chigotin
Was a11 the Oote Wi11ing to p1ay
this "incottect" opening in his
encountets With Steinitz and
othet ptincipa1 opponents and
With gteat success
Oong the tate nuObet of Spanish
0aOes p1ayed by Chigotin Wete a
feW outstanding exaOp1es the
ptesent Oatch gaOe With Steinitz ,
a bti11iant gaOe Won against
i11sbuty at etetsbutg I856 ,
and a Win against Tattasch at the
84
6udapest toutnaOent I86 . | |
J. . . d6 4 d4 97 5 dxe5 dxe5 6 00
96 7 4J e7 8 5 | f6
| | 6ettet Was 8. . . 00, and on1y
aftet O5 f6 . ) )
AJ 00 I0 4+ O8 I I 5
j ete , thete is anothet attack
I I 4, fo11oWed by 5 ot &J
and Of5 . This ditect attack on
the king ' s f1ank Wou1d have been
even sttonget aftet the Oove 5 ,
Which ptovokes the tep1y . . . 48 . |
I I . . . 48 I2 2 8
| | The Oote defensive I2 . w7 Was
ptobab1y bettet . ) )
I J ad1 |
| | Thteatening I4 Oxc7. ) )
I J . g4 I4 A2 O8 I5 c4 O6 I6
hJ |
j In otdet to divett the bishop
ftoO defence of the O6, ot to
ptovoke an exchange of pieces . |
I6. . . 5 I7 c5 A7
| | 61ack cou1d have Won the queen
hete teOpotati1y fot on1y tWo
Oinot pieces , but his gaOe Wou1d
have been so Ouch disotganised as
to becoOe indefensib1e , e . g .
I7. . fJ I 8 gxfJ c5 I c5
j if I Oxc7 , then I. 6+ 20
O2 eJ and 61ack Wins| Of4 20
wf4 | j if 20 O2 then 20 5
and, though White Oay noW captute
the knight and aftetWatds take
the took With the bishop , 61ack
Wi11 be ab1e to Oake a bettet
fight than in he 1ine of p1ay We
ptopose| 20. . exf4 2I f8 f8
22Oxc7 j thteatening O6| 6 2J
Oxa8 fo11oWed by d2 and doub1ing
tooks With an easi1y Won gaOe . ) )
I8 5 6
j ftet I8 . fJ, White Wou1d
have the choice of taking the
bishop With the paWn ot the
bishop . In the fitst case , aftet
I gxfJ c5 20 Oxc7 | j 20 c5?
Of4| | Oxc7 2I wc5, White has a
sOa11 advantage in position,
second1y, aftet I fJ wb5 20
we6 Oote significant1y so
j20. . c5 2I 5| . |
I 4 A8 20 a4|
jLasket tecoOOended hete , 20 b4 ,
and consideted Chigotin s Oove ,
20 a4, a Oistake, Which , in his
opnon, Steinitz did not ex-
p1oit. Lasket thought that , on 20
a4, Steinitz ought to have con-
tinued 20 . . a6 2I wc6 c6 22
e6 axb5 2J axb5 b5 , and
"61ack has quite a good deve1op-
Oent" . We cannot agtee With Las-
ket s opinion, as , on the tep1y
2. . . a6 , White cou1d continue
With the sttonget 2I we6 |
j instead of 2I wc6?| | I ) 2I .
we6 22 e6 axb5 2J 5 and
White s gaOe is bettet j2J c6
24 J bxa4 25 al | , |2) 2I
axb5 22 wc6 c6 j22 . bxc6 2J
J || 2J axb5 e4 24 aI| and
White seizes the open afi1e and
obtains the bettet gaOe , 61ack
Oust exchange tooks ot continue
24. . . 8 j not possib1e is
24 . 7? 25 c6 b6 26 a2 With
the Win of a piece| toO this
discussion, it is obvious that
Chigotin s Oove , 20 a4 , is by no
Oeans a Oistake | |
20. . . Oxc5
| | n ettot Which costs the ex-
change . 1ack Oight have obtained
a defensib1e gaOe by 2 . wd5 2I
d5 j if 2I exd5 , then 2I. . b5
22 axb5 Oxc5 With advantage to
61ack| c6 j but not 2l. . . b5 ,
fot , as Chigotin tight1y points
out , White Wou1d then obtain the
advantage by 22 axb5 Oxc5 2J cl
etc | 22 e6 cxb5 2J 5 6
etc . ) )
2I c5 c5 22 wc6 c6 2JOxc7
O6 24 J
j 0t 24 5 a4 25 cI 6 26
Oxa8 xa8 . It seeOs to Oe that it
is bettet fot hite that 61ack
shou1d obtain an extta paWn on
the king ' s f1ank , tathet than on
the queen ' s side White Wins the
exchange fot a paWn, but in
eithet case , Winning the gaOe is
vety difficu1t . |
24. . . e4 25 4a8 fJ 26 gxfJ
xa8
85
| s a tesult of a tense sttateg-
ical battle, White has Oanaged to
achieve a sOal l Oatetial advant-
age , by Winning took fot knigt
and paWn . The absence of paWn
Weaknesses in 6lack ' s caOp , and ,
on the othet hand , the Weakness
of his oWn paWns on the king ' s
flank , Oake a tealisation o f his
advantage exceptionally diffi-
cult Moteovet , 6lack ' s pieces,
although not vety active , ate
deployed in such a Way that all
points of invasion by the White
tooks ate coveted . It is intet-
esting to obsetve hoW consistent-
ly Chigotin sttengthens his
position and tealises his OiniOal
Oatetia1 advantage . itst and
foteOost , he Oakes his tooks Oote
active and ties 6lack ' s pieces to
the defence of the O6. )
27 5 b6 28 fdl d8
| n intetesting OoOent . Steinitz
and , latet , 6ogol]ubov , coOOent-
ing on the gaOe, noted that it is
noW WotthWhile fot White to open
anothet line fot his tooks , by
playing 2 a5 . 6ut Chigotin plans
to delay the advance of the a4
paWn , and even aloW 6lack ' s paWn
to go to a5 , consideting that
this is in his favout , since
White has at his disposal also
the possibility of teplying With
an exchange sactifice on c5 , With
a subsequent Win of the a5 paWn . )
2 2 a5 J0 A2 g6 JI h4 7 J2
f4 |
86
| Chigotin sttives fot a ftesh ,
favoutabl e change in the position
by opening the e-fie 6lack can-
not ptevent this by J2. . . 94,
since , aftet JJ fxe5 fxe5 J4 f4 |
&6 J5 fxe5+ e5 J6 fl+ &6 J7
J , ite Wins . )
J2. . . exf4 JJ &J f5 J4 f4 &6
J5 J h6 J6 h5 | |
| vety fine and, at the saOe
tiOe, vety sttong Oove . White
ptepates the invasion of his took
to e6 , undet the Oost favoutable
conditions . In this case , the h5
paWn Would play an iOpottant tole
in White ' s attack , by giving hiO
a sttong point on g6 . ftet
J6. . . g5+ J7 &J , 6lack could not
ptevent he seizute of the e-file
by the White tooks , fot exaOple
J7. . 7 J8 el e7 J xe7 e7
40 5+ . nd so he Oust bteak up
his Well fotOed paWn chain. )
J6. . . gxh5 J7 A2 &7 J8 e5+ &8
J xf5+ &7 40 e5+ &7 4I fJ h4
42 4 g8+ 4J h4 g2 44 f5+
6
| White ' s pieces ate excellenty
placed . 6lack has lost a paWn,
but nevettheless the Win is still
a long Way off fot White thete
ate only a feW paWns left on the
boatd . Moteovet , White Oust give
up anothet paWn . Which? It seeOs
the b2 paWn is it not the f-paWn
Which is passed? 6ut Chigotin, on
the conttaty , tetains the b-paWn ,
because its loss could entail the
eliOination also of the a-paWn ,
and then 61ack Wou1d have tWo
connected passed paWns , Whi1e it
is quite difficu1t to advance the
fpaWn. )
45 bJ|
| Steinitz says of Chigotin 's
decision, " ptofound Oove . White
petceives the exigiences of the
position With an acuOen that
hatd1y finds its equa1 in any
ending ptevious1y p1ayed ovet the
boatd . " )
45. . . 9f2+ 46 OJ gJ+ 47 O2 xfJ
48 2 f4|
| 61ack is not teOpted by the set-
ies of exchanges , 48. . . f5 4
xd6+ d6 50 f5 J , since ,
aftet 5I J, White ttansfets his
king to the centte and obtains a
technica11y Won endgaOe . )
4 6 |
| ete , the atteOpt to Win With
1itt1e b1oodshed , by 4 f1 , ends
in fai1ute , since 61ack Oanages
to exchange anothet pait of
paWns 4. . . Oxf5 50 xf2 xf2+ 5I
f2 O4 52 J b5 5J J bxa4 |
54 bxa4 5 With a dtaW. Thete-
fote Chigotin avoids exchanges
and endeavouts to inctease the
activity of his pieces . )
4. . . 5 50 5+ &7 5I 6 Of5
52 4+ 7 5J dJ h5 54 5 g4+
| 61ack appatent1y ovetestiOated
his chances , othetWise he Wou1d
have chosen the continuation
54. . f2+ 55 J 6 56 e2 | f4
57 J+ 5 , aftet Which the un-
fottunate position of the White
87
king gives hiO good chances of a
dtaW. )
55 O2 4+ 56 J 6+ 57 2
g4+ 58 I OgJ+ 5 2 h4
| It seeOs that Steinitz aiOed fot
this position, When Oaking his
54th Oove . e has Oanaged to dis-
connect the White tooks , Whi1e
one of theO is a1so sevete1y te-
stticted . oWevet , the cage fot
the J ptoves to be ftagi1e , and
Steinitz , stubbotn1y ttying to
keep the took on hJ behind bats ,
a11oWs the position of his oWn
pieces to detetiotate , and in the
fitst instance it is his king
that suffets . )
60 h6 | f4+ 6I 2 7 62 6+
7 6J 4 f 64 d4 65 d7
8 66 h2 |
|With the thteat of 67 OJ , ite
fotces the knight to tetteat . )
60. . . O4 67 g7
| 0bvious1y , the knight is heading
fot c5, Whete it Wi11 be defended
by a paWn . Thetefote White te-
Ooves the took ftoO attack
befotehand, and, by pteventing
67. . . g8+ , ptepates to ftee the
2 by I . The vatiation, 67. . .
f2+ 68 I xh2 6 h2 does not
ho1d out any hopes at a11 fot
61ack , since , by p1acing the took
on h7 , White ditects his king to
the vicinity of the d5 ot c6
squates , and Wins easi1y . )
67. . . 45
| NoW this tetteat 1eads to a 1ib-
etation of the took . )
68 J f6 6 g6 8 70 4 f4
7I fJ|
( White , by thteatening to ex
change, fotces the 6lack took to
leave the ffile and ptovides fot
the exptisonet , fotOetly con
fined to hJ , a beautiful squate
of invasion on f7 . )
7I. . . 4 72 g7 8 7J ff7
( White has achieved a OaxiOuO
activisation of his tooks and un
pleasantly cut off the king . 6ut
6lack ' s defence seeOs solid the
knight defends the b7 and d7
squates, the bishop the c7
squate , and likeWise the b6 and
h4 paWns . oWevet , Chigotin finds
a flaW in this defensive setup .
he ttansfets his bishop onto the
hl a8 diagonal and cteates a
Oating thteat by f7a7a8 . In
otdet to defend against this ,
6lack Oust deOolish his oWn fott
tess . )
7J. . . 6 74 OJ d2 75 7 d6 76
6|
( I f 76. . . xbJ, then 77 7 8
78 6 With the thteat of c7
and Oate . )
77 d7 |
( The expetience of old battles
keeps Chigotin aWay ftoO the
hasty check 77 7 . ftet 77. . .
8 , White is sutptisingly faced
With an unpleasant choice , since
the knight not only thteatens the
7 by 78. . . 5 , but also the
7 by 78. . 47 | ftet this Oove
it becoOes cleat Why Chigotin,
88
despite the l ittle Oatetial , Oan
aged to successfully catty out an
attack and soften up the sttong
defensive sttuctute etected by
his opponet . The basis of
White ' s attack lay in the thteat
to exchange tooks and ttanspose
into a technically Won endgaOe .
It Was ptecisely these thteats
Which alloWed Chigotin to bteak
thtough j and he did this vety
skil fully and ditectly| When
6lack ' s defence seeOed iOptegn
able. lso noW , in this Way , he
neuttalises the thteat of a
knight fotk on g5 . The endgaOe ,
aftet 77. . . 5 78 4 xh7 7
xd6 , is lost fot 6lack , fot
exaOple 7. . . 7 80 6 f6 8I
&57 82 5 45 8J &5 xbJ 84
7 8 85 &6 etc . )
77. . . 6 78 4 c7 7 4 |
( Note this "shuttle" Oanoeuvte .
0n the 76th Oove , the WithdtaWal
of the bishop to fl Wtecked one
6lack sttonghold . Its tetutn
deOolishes the last of the fott
ifications and all hopes of sal-
vation . nd again this is not
Oete chance , but cleatly the
Oastetly technical Oethod of
Chigotin . 0n the 66th68th Ooves
he fteed his tooks in ]ust the
saO Way . )
7. . . xc4 80 bxc4 8 8I d6 5
82 6 8 8J h8 I0
( 0n 8J. . . 7 , decisive is 84 xb6
folloWed by xb7 . n aOazingly
fine gaOe by Chigotin, Who Oanag-
ed to cteate an attack on the
king in the ending and success-
fuy dtive it thtough to the
end , despite Steinitz ' vety stub-
botn defence . This endgaOe is a
classic exaOple of the teaisat-
ion of a OiniOal Oatetial advant
age . )
Notes by asyukov and Nikitin | ) ,
Chigotin j | , Steinitz || ) ) , and
0tekov j j | .
20 Chigotin and once - Steinitz
and 0avian
| Consultation 0aOe , avana I88)
Evans 0aObit
| t the end of the Oatch in
avana, thtee consultation gaOes
Wete attanged With the patticip-
ation of Chigotin and Steinitz
each side Won one gaOe and the
othet Was dtaWn. This is the
fitst gaOe .)
I e4 e5 2 fJ 6 J 4 c5 4 b4
b4 5 cJ 95 6 00 6 7 d4 e7
8 d5 8 O4 6 I 5 6 |
J| c6 I2 ad 8
j I f I2. . . f6 IJ dxc6 c6 I4 5
fxg5 j ot I4. . . 5 I5 AJ etc . | I5
xe5 5 I6 6+ &8 I7 d7 ||
With a Winning attack . |
IJ e7 e7 I4 d6+ &8 I5 4
j The Oost poWetfu continuation
It is a Waiting Oove that pte-
vents 6lack ftoO playing . . . 5 ,
and keeps the lattet ' s pieces
shut up fot a long tiOe . |
I5. . . f6 I6 J
j Sti sttonget is, We believe ,
8
I6 OI , With the folloWing ptob-
able continuation: I6. . g6 I 7
xe5 fxe5 I8 f4 8 I fxe5+ 7
20 e6 xe6 2I e6 e6 22 e5
e5 2J O4 e6 24 4 and Wins . |
I6. . . f7
| Steinitz ttied to convince hiO-
sef that , in the ast gaOe of
the Oatch , he ost only because
hete he did not Oake this Oove ,
Which gives 6lack the advantage
| ?) , White ' s attack being te-
futed . he I7th gaOe of the Oatch
had continued I6. . . g6 I7 4 7
I8 a4 f7 I xb6 axb6 20 f7
f7 2I xe5+ | 7 j2I. . . fxe5 22
f4 | 8 | 22. . . exf4 2J 4 8 24
6 Wins ) 2J fxe5+ 7 24 4 O7
25 2 b5 26 d4 Wins. | 22 4
b5 2J axb5 7 24 b6 O4 25 5
e8 26 fJ 2 27 J J 28 I
7 2 4 4 J0 4 a6 JI 4
8 J2 eJ aJ JJ a4 J J4 fa
7 J5 8 5 J6 8 c5 J7 5
xb6 . ete , White can siOpy
fotce a Win: J8 f7+ f7 J
aa8 6 j ot J. . . 6 40 5 and
4I 7 and Wins | 40 xa6 bxa6 4I
5 a5 42 8 7 4J a5 , then
White captutes anothet paWn and
Wins . Instead of this , White
played J8 8 and the gaOe fin-
ally ended in a dtaW . )
I 7 4 g6
j loss of tiOe . The 6lack patty
had nothing to feat ftoOf5 and
they ought to have tetteated
. . . 8 at once . If then, fot in-
stance, I8 46 If5 b5 etc|
I8 I 98 I f4 exf4 20 Af7 |
| In otdet to catty out White ' s
p1an o f attack , i t is necessaty
to fitst1y take the knight . I f 20
e5 , then 20. . . Oxe5 , but not 20. . .
fxe5 , aftet Which Wou1d have
fo11oWed 2I xf4 | exf4 22 f4
7 2J f7+ and 24 J. )
20. . f7
2I e5 | |
j This gives White a poWetfu1
attack , Which Was extteOe1y diff-
icu1t to patty . |
2I. . . fxe5
jCettain1y an ettot, but on1y on
account of the Oost ingenious te-
]oindet Which White had in stote .
The best defensive p1an Was 2I. . .
7 , With the ptobab1e continuat-
ion 22 f4 8 2J e6 dxe6 24 d7
f4, and 61ack has thtee paWns
fot the piece With a good gaOe .
6ut 2I. . . g5 Was a1so of no use ,
on account of 22 4+ 8 2J Of5
fxe5 24 4 25 4 .|
22 xf4+ |
j s Wi11 be seen ftoO an ana1y-
sis , this sactifice is as deep as
0
it is beautifu1 , and fotOs one of
the finest instances of bti11iant
coObination p1ay . |
22. . . 7
| I f 22 4 exf4 , then 2J f4+ 7
24 f1 8 j the on1y Oove , if
24. . . Ah4, then 25 4+ 8 26
4+ 7 27 f7+ , if 24. . . b5 25
&7+ 6 26 Of5+ gxf5 27 f5
28 h4 and Wins | 25 4+ 6 26
f7 $5 j to countet the thteat 27
J+ $5 28 Of5+ and 2 OJ+ , if
26. . . g5 27 4 6 | if 27. . . gxh4
28 h7+ fo11oWed by f5+ and O5
Oate) 28 h7+ h7 2 g6+ 8
J0 Of5 and Wins | 27 4, thteat-
ening OJ, if 27. . . 7, then 28
OJ xf7 2 Of5 Oate, ot if 27. . .
d6 28 Of5+ gxf5 2 OJ+ and
Wins . )
2J Of5+ | |
| 6y p1aying 2J i White Wou1d
fotce 61ack to take the took,
1eading to p1ay as in the posit-
ion pointed out in the ptevious
note . The Oove in the gaOe is
Oote decisive . )
2J. . . gxf5 24 xf5 g8 25 df1 | b5
jThe 61ack a11ies Oight have
soOeWhat pto1onged the gaOe by
254 4 6, but aftet 26 g4 g6 j if
26. . . Q 27 h4 xf5 28 xf5 Wins |
27 4 j to ptevent 28 5+|
28 h4 f4 2 1xf4 | Wins . |
26 4+ I0
| nd White announced Oate in fout
Ooves .) j Thete is nothing to be
done , fot White Wi11 ptoceed With
f8 . |
j Notes by Steinitz j |
Chigotin | ) . |
2I oI1ock - Chigotin
| NeW otk I88)
and bishop fot knight and theteby
soOeWhat tede the opponent ' s
attacking potentia1 . SiOp1y I6
. . . d4 I7 4 96 I8 4 c5 I
d6 cxd6 20 bJ e2 Wou1d conso1-
Scotch 0aOe
I e4 e5 2 fJ 6 J J f6 4 d4
exd4 5 xd4 4 6 xc6 bxc6 7 9J
d5 8 e5?
| n unfottunate idea . The Wotty
ovet defending the e5 paWn vety
tapid1y ties doWn White ' s pieces .
8 exd5 Was cottect . )
8. . . 4 0-0 0-0
| White is a1teady in
difficu1ties . It seeOs that the
e5 paWn can be defended by the
Oove I0 9f4, the Oote so as I0. . .
8 I I I d4 is not dangetous ,
because of I2 aJ 95 IJ b4 .
oWevet , instead of I0. . . 8 ,
good i s I0. . . f6 | I I exf6 wf6 I2
c7 xf2 , With a vety sttong
attack. o11ock decides to ex-
change the i11-fated e5 paWn fot
the h7 paWn, a11oWing his oppon-
ent the tWo bishops , Which ate
a1so aiOed at the White king s
position )
I0 hJ xe5 II h7+ &h7 I2 5+
8 IJ we5 e8 I4 J 9f5
| 61ack s advantage is beyond
question. In addition to . . . c2 ,
he thteatens a1so the Oove . . . d4,
aftet Which the 61ack took
invades on e2 . )
I5 $5 7 I6 acI e6?
| cate1ess Oove aftet Which
White fotces the exchange of
I
idate 61ack ' s advantage . )
I7 4 |
| The exchange of the unfottunate-
1y p1aced J is of coutse to
White ' s advantage . )
I7. . . cJ I8 bxcJ e2 |
| 61ack is sti11 1eft With the
bettet ptospects , and the oppos-
ite co1outed bishops can on1y
he1p hiO in his attack . NoW White
shou1d exchange the active 61ack
took , by p1aying I fel 61ack
can Oaintain his advantage not
With I. . . e8 because of 20 xe2
xe2 2I 98 | , but by I. . . eI+
20 xeI f6 2I 4 c2 22 $J c5 |
2J wc7 wc7 24 c7 d4 . )
I 4? e8|
| NoW 61ack s doOination of the
e-fi1e is assuted , he begins to
p1ay exc1usive1y fot the attack .
oW can White conduct the
defence? Steinitz consideted that
the continuation, 20 wa7 AhJ 2I
f4 j2I gxhJ is not possib1e
because of 21. . . whJ 22 wc7
e5 | 2J f4 5 24 2 6 25
OI &J+ etc. , Wou1d give quite
good chances of tepu1sing the
attack . t fitst g1ance , the
sttongest thteats fot 61ack ate
cteated by 2I . . . 4 22 $J .
TeOpting is the queen sactifice,
22. . wgJ | 2J fxgJ xg2+ 24OI
e2 , but the Who1e idea is
"spoi1t" by the countetsactifice
25 I | aftet Which White can
p1ay fot the Win - 25. . . xg1+ 26
g1 f5 27 ge1 A4+ 28 I g2+
2 &J gJ J0 a4| cJ JI a5 ,
and i f JI. . . c2, then J2 &2 |
6eautifu1 a1so is the othet coO-
binative attack , 22. . . eJ | 2J
wc7 xf2| | 24 xf2 xgJ 25 wf7+
W! , but the ca1O 26 &4| g2+
27 I , enab1es White to defend.
11 the saOe , it seeOs that the
position aftet 20 wa7 hJ 2I
f4 is not defensib1e fot White .
otOet Wot1d chaOpion, Spassky ,
suggested this p1an of attack :
2I. . . &5 22 $J e6 2J wc7 j 2J
4 6 24 &4 5 | | g2 24 g2
4+ 25 1 6 26 2 6+ 27
$J f5 | etc . Since i t i s too
1ate to tetutn the queen, 20 &4 ,
if on1y because of 20. . . f6 2I 4
g5 , o11ock sti11 hopes to ex-
change the e2 , but. . . . )
20 AJ hJ | 2I gxhJ
| f 2I feI , then White is Oated
aftet 21. . . 4| and 22. . . 4 . )
2
2I. . . xeJ | 22 e1
| TantaOount to suttendet , but
a1so 22 fxeJ whJ is no bettet . )
22. . . whJ 2J xe2 xe2 24 I e4
0-I
| 0n 25 4, Wou1d fo11oW 25. . . 1
Oate . sp1endid exaOp1e of the
cteation of an attack in a posit-
ion With opposite co1outed
bishops. )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin .
22 Chigotin o11ock
| NeW otk I88)
vans 0aObit
I e4 e5 2 fJ 6 J 4 5 4 b4
b4 5 cJ 5 6 00 d6 7 d4 exd4
8 cxd4 6 Ja5 I0 $5 f6 I I
f4
| I I 4 Was p1ayed in Chigotin v
akubovich , Cottespondence I87 ,
and o11ock v Chigotin, astings
I85 , given in this book . )
I I . . . xc4 I2 4+ &7 I J wc4+
A6
| n this Oove 1ies o11ock s
idea . White is ptactica11y fotced
to b1ock the iOpottant diagona1 ,
aftet Which his paWn centte is
iOOobi1ised fot a 1ong tiOe. )
I4 d5 | 97
| f 61ack Ooves the bishop to g4,
he Oust teckon With the sactifice
of a piece fot an attack I4 e5 |
fxe5 I5 e5+ dxe5 I6 e5 , and
a1so With a positiona1 offensive
aftet I4 d4 fo11oWed by a4. )
I 5%2 8
| White ' s p1an is c1eat to ftee
the Way fot the advance of the f
paWn to f5 , and then to ttansfet
the knight via d4 to e6 . 6ut all
this takes a long tiOe and is not
so siOple in the OeantiOe , 6lack
Oanages to coOplete his develop-
Oent . In this tespect , his last
Oove seeOs supetfluous and its
advantage ovet I5. . . 7 is not
ceat . )
I6 a4| 7 I7 AJ |
| vety good positional Oove ,
With the idea of Weakening the
defence of the c7 paWn . lack is
obliged to defend the paWn by
I7. . . 8 , in otdet , aftet I8
b6 , to have the teply
I8. . . axb6. This Would in fact
Oean going ovet to passive def-
ence , and be quite out of keeping
With ollock s aggtessive stye .
e ptefets to Weaken the d6 paWn,
hoping to exploit the neWly
opened cfile. )
I7. . . 6 I8 b6 cxb6 I 4 7
20 J c8 2I O4 c5 22 f4 c8
2J 2
| 6oth playets logically catty out
theit tespective plans 6lack
seizes the cfile, White concen-
ttates his fotces fot an attack
on the king. is O4 ptepates to
]uOp to e6 , While , fot the tiOe
being , not alloWing the 6lack
took to invade on c2, and thus
considetably teducing the effect-
iveness of 6ack ' s countetplay .
0n 2J. . . f8 , White , not Wottying
about the Weakness of the a4 paWn
J
Would ttansfet the took to the
centte , 24 el , and also cteate
the dangetous thteat 25 f5 and ,
When the oppottunity ptesents
itself, e5 .)
2J. . 4 24 6 | 4
j I f 24. . . e6 25 dxe6+ and, if
the queen tetakes , he loses a
piece by f5 . | (6lack defends the
f5 squate , but pethaps it is
Wotth ttying to disotganise the
attack by giving up the exchange :
24. . . 2 25 c2 | j aftet 25 l
e6 26 dxe6+ 8 27 4, 6lack
has an extta teOpo coOpated to
the gaOe| 25. . . xc 26 f5 e6
27xe7xe7 28 dxe6+ &e6 . )
25 l e6 26 dxe6+ 8
j gain he could not tetake With
the queen , on account of f5
folloWed byO5+ . |
27 4 |
0angetous fot 6lack Would also
be the continuation 27 f5 , cutt-
ing off the Way of tetteat of the
4 ftet 27. . g5 28 f2 j also
good is the siOple 28 fxg6 |,
White cteates the thteat 2 d2
folloWed by e5 Chigotin chooses
a pan of attack Which looks vety
sttong . 6y invading on f5 , the
White knight keeps undet thteat
both basic ob]ects of attack
the d6 and g7 paWns and the e6
paWn thteatens to fotce its Way
to e7 and cut off the 6lack
pieces ftoO defence of the g7
squate . )
27 . 6 28f5 7
| The cu1Oinating OoOent of the
gaOe . Thus 61ack has not been
ab1e to set up countetp1ay on the
c-fi1e, capab1e of divetting
White ftoO his ptepatations fot
attack on the king . Chigotin noW
has at his disposa1 seveta1
teOpting attacking continuations ,
the basic Ootive of Which is
c1eat1y the thteat of Oate on g7 .
TeOpting is the ditect 2 h4 ,
With the thteat of J0 h5 and then
JI e7, but 61ack has the defence
2. . . xe4 J0 h5 O5 | JI J 4
and . . . 5+ . oWevet , the Oatch
of the h-paWn is 1ogica1 and it
is a1so possib1e to ptepate this
With the Oove 2 ae1 | It seeOs in
this case 61ack Wou1d be defence
1ess. Chigotin decides to fitst
cut off the 61ack queen ftoO the
g7 squate and on1y then to ad-
vance the h-paWn. )
2 e7|
j "vetything is geated to the aiO
of attacking the king. The6 is
pinned and thteatened by the
tettib1e h4-h5 . oWevet , Oany
Oastets of the 1atest "catefu1"
4
tiOes Wou1d hatd1y have decided
to bteak contact With the passed
paWn by this distant advance ,
Which Wi11 setve to guatantee
victoty . " Spie1Oann. |
2. . . 7?
| e cannot captute the e7 paWn by
2. . . xe4, because of J0 Oxd6 ,
but 61ack cou1d put up a stubbotn
tesistance by at once giving up
the exchange - 2. . . J0 h4
xe7 JI h5 Of8 J2 Oxe7+ we7 . The
unavoidab1e 1oss of the e4 paWn
Wou1d fotce White to p1ay so1e1y
fot the attack , fot exaOp1e : JJ
ac1 we4 J4 e1 | 4+ J5 OI ,
though the outcoOe of the
sttugg1e teOains unc1eat . o11ock
hoWevet , chooses an appatent1y
active p1an of defence , but even
his fitst Oove a11oWs White to
ptepate an effective bteakthtough
in the centte . )
J0 ad1 5+ JI OI 6
j "This Weakens the back tank . NoW
White catties out a genius-1ike
bteakthtough . " Spie1Oann. | | 61ack
defends the d6 paWn and noW
thteatens to take the e4 and a4
paWns . ppatent1y he is ptepated
to sactifice the 6 , teckoning
on a1so being ab1e to captute the
e7 paWn. fot exaOp1e , J2 h4 xe4
JJ h5 d5 J4 hxg6+ hxg6 J5 4 f5
J6 Oxf5 gxf5 J7 wf5+ &e7 J8
xd5 h6+ . 0f coutse , the vatiat-
ion is not fotced and the Oethod
of defence not te1iab1e, but
thete is a sOa11 chance and
o11ock does not Want to 1et it
slip. )
J2 e5 | |
| To bteak thtough at the sttong-
est point is a sign of the
supteOe Oastety of the att of
attack . )
J2. . . fxe5
| The e5 squate is defended fout
tiOes , but it is no good taking
the paWn: |I ) J2. . . dxe5 JJ 8
6 jJJ. . . xe7 J4 g7+ 6 J5
xe7 , With the thteat of f5+
Winning| J4 f8+ | xf8 J5 g7+ ,
| 2) J2. . . xe5 JJ g7+ , | J) J2. . .
e5 JJ xd6+ xd6 J4 fxe5 xg4
J5 exd6 , ot J4. . . xdl J5 c4+ . )
JJ xd6+ | xd6 J4 fxe5+ f6 J5
e8|) + | &e8 J6 O7+ 8 J7 exf6
I-0
| This gaOe ]ustly belongs to the
golden tteasuty of chess . Chig-
otin ' s splendidly conducted
attack Was enthusiastically
ptaised by SpielOann, "Chigotin' s
gtandiose ingenuity is fascinat-
ing : each of his Ooves bteathes
cteative sttength and ittesist-
ible Will to Win . " )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin
| ) . |
2J Chigotin - 6itd
| NeW otk I88)
onziani
I e4 e5 2 fJ 46 J cJ D 4 4
dxe4 5 xe5 O5 6 xc6|
| This , We believe, is neW and
vety ingenious in connection With
the sequence . )
5
6. . . bxc6 7 A4 O6 8 dJ|
| White is sute to tecovet the
paWn hete given up . )
8. . . exdJ 0-0 A7
| Thete seeOs to have been nothing
bettet . It Was too hazatdous to
tty and Oaintain the paWn by . . .
9f5 , fot then Would folloW I0 9f4
O7 j obviously if I0. . . f4 II
f7+ and Wins | II l+ A7 j ot
I I . . . &8 I2 2 folloWed by fJ
With an excellent attack| I2 5 ,
tecoveting the paWn With the
supetiot position. )
I0 dJ| 97 I I l f6 I2 J
4 IJ 9f4 5 I4 J 96?
|n ill-consideted Oove Which
alloWs the advetsaty a sttong
attack , Wheteas h5 instead Would
have given White no tiOe fot
offensive opetations . )
I5 w4+ 8 I6 &J
| Necessaty , as 6lack thteatened
. . . gJ. )
I6. . . A6
| This Weak Oove leaves the c-paWn
Without sufficient ptotection, of
Which citcuOstance the opponent
cleatly takes advantage . I6. . . O5
Was Ouch bettet . )
I7 b4 |
| Chigotin noW assuOes the attack
in his usual spitited Oannet . )
I7. . . cJ I85 | b4 Ixd6 |
| Sttonget than I d6+ cxd6 20
47 5 2I xe6+ 8 etc .)
I. . . cxd6 20 9f5 | 8 2I e6
fxe6 22 c6 7
| I f 22. . . d8 j obviously the took
is lost by Ad6 if he Oove else-
Whete| 2J xd6, and 6lack date
not tetake on account of w8
Oate . )
2J abl 5 24 7+ 6 25 7
ag8 26 7+ 6 27 e6+ f6 28
9f4+ 6 2 J| ?)
| p to this , White has putsued
his attack With Oastetly skill ,
but hete he could have Oade an
end of all tesistance at once by
2 J, Which equally thteatened
gJ+ , folloWed by OJ Oate , With
the iOpottant diffetence that
6lack s king could not effect his
exit by 2. . . h6 , fot aftet J0
gJ+ O7 , White siOply takes off
the knight With the queen,
Winning a piece and ptepating an
unavoidable Oate . )
2. . . h6 20 gJ+ O7 JI Ad6 O5
J2 l?
| eeble , as 6lack ' s ptoOpt teply
shoWs . )
J2. . . 8 | JJ l e8?
| 0vetlooking the opponent' s pto-
found coObination. JJ. . . 5
instead Would have fotced the ex-
change of queens , and though of
coutse , he Would have teOained
undet the disadvantage of a paWn
behind, he could still hope to
Oake a fait sttuggle fot a dtaW . )
diagtaO
J4 xg7+ | |
| Oagnificent sactifice . )
J4. . &g7 J5 7+ 6 J6 7+ 5
6

& w
&
J7 b5+ &4 J8 fJ+ &J
|0f coutse , J8. . 4 Would sub-
]ect hiO to the additional loss
of the knight , Which the opponent
Would captute With a check . 6ut
J8 . J Would have ptevented his
being Oated . is gaOe Was , hoW-
evet , cleatly lost even then. )
J J+ &2
| I f J. . . 2 40 9f4+ &I j ot 40
. . . &2 4I 2+ folloWed by 2+
etc . | 4I l+ &2 42 fl Oate . )
40 2+ &J
| cutious finish Oight have
occutted if 6lack had played 40
. . . l fot aftet 4I l+ , the
saOe kind of Oate could be fotced
by White as in the actual play in
teply to 4I &2 ot d2 , but if 4I
. . . l 42 J+ &I 4J $J Oate . )
4I l+ &2 42 2+
| ll this is splendid : White dis-
dains Winning the queen, having
calculated to a nicety that he
Will dtive the opponent into a
fine Oating net . )
42. . . J 4J wI+ 4 44 2+ 4
45 b4 Oate
j Notes by Steinitz . |
24 0unsbetg - Chigotin
| 2nd Match 0aOe , avana I80)
Spanish
I e4 e5 2 fJ6 J 5 a6 4 4
f6 5 dJ d6 6 cJ
| This Oove, in con]unction With
the fo11oWing Oanoeuvte ld2f1
Was tecoended by Steinitz . )
6. . . g6 7 d2 $7 8 fl
| The chain of knight Ooves is
Oade With a vieW to suppotting a
paWn attack on the king s f1ank ,
ftoO eJ ot gJ j aftet g4| . oWevet
White , fotced into defence , does
not achieve this . )
8. . . 0-0 hJ
j NoWadays , this scheOe of devel-
opOent , in Which White advances
lB gpaWn befote cast1ing , is
not vety popu1at . The teason fot
this unpopu1atity becoOes c1eat
aftet a study of this gaOe . |
. . . d5 | I0 w2
j he gaOe tutns out in 61ack s
favout aftet I0 Ac6 bxc6 I I xe5
O6 j I2 f4? 5 Wins| ot I I . . .
8 | |
I0. . b5 I I 2
js a tesu1t of this tetteat , the
ishop teOains shut out of play
ntil the end of the gaOe . to-
ab1y he had intended tetteating
o bJ, and, only on the teply
5 , to WithdtaW the bishop to
2 In this case, it Would be
ote difficult fot 6lack to
ccupy the d4 squate . |
l . . d4 |
his Oove consttains White suff
7
icient1y to fotce hiO to take the
4 paWn, and thanks to this the
dJ paWn Will be Weakened. )
I2 g4 O6 IJ1d2
j 6ecause of the thteat IJ. . . 5 ,
White is fotced to obsetve d4 ,
and thtefote gives up his
intended J and tetutns the
knight to d2 .| | White Wants to
ptevent the Oove IJ. . . 5 , fotc-
ing hiO to take the d4 paWn hoW-
evet , aftet 61ack s tep1y, this
is vittua1ly fotced . )
IJ. . . A6 I4 cxd4
| ftet I4 00, 61ack cou1d teply
I4. . h5 at once , ot latet aftet a
pteliOinaty . . ad8 in eithet
case , White s position is ctaOp
ed. ) j hete is no othet usefu1
Oove to be seen fot White . The
paWns on the king s f1ank ate
bad1y placed fot castling. |
I4. . . xd4 I5 xd4 d4 I6 fJ
O4+ I7 l
||I7 O2 , as tecoOOended by
Steinitz , is no bettet : I7. . . O6 |
and if I8 d4? then I8. . . exd4 I
d4 jI e5 alloWs I. . . 6 | 20
w2 4 | 2I J 5| xe4 | | 20
e4 5 2I 2 Ab2 || 22 Ab2
ae8 and Wins . ) )
I 7 . . O6
j The opening stage of the gaOe
has ended c1eat1y in 1ack s fav-
out White 1ags behind setious1y
in the Oobilisation of his pieces
and it is this in patticu1at
Which does not al1oW hiO to p1ay
I8 d4 , to soOeWhat libetate hiO
sel f. ftet I8M W M A4 I J dJ
20 dJ O7 2I d5 c6, it is
difficult fot hiO to ho1d on to
the d5 pawn. |
I8 bJ c5 I 2 7 |
j 6eginning a fine positiona1 Oan-
oeuvte with the aiO of incteasing
his contto1 ovet the d4 squate . |
20 5
j I t is hatd to blaOe White fot
this exchange , since othetwise
thete would fol1ow 20. . . f5 and
6lack opens the f-file with even
gteatet effect . |
20. . . 8 2I 4e6 fxe6| 22 2 7
2J fl f7 24 fJ 6 25 2 f4
26 dl w7 27 wI 9f6
j 6y tying down the 2 to defence
of the d4 squate, 61ack takes
undet contto1 also the b1ack
squates on the king s flank . Now
28 AI cannot be played because
Df 28. . . 4 2 J j2 w2 4|
xfJ J0 xfJ xfJ JI &fJ, then
JI. . . 6+ J2 2 2+ JJ OI J+
and Oate in thtee Ooves . |
28 w2 4 2 I h5 | J0 aJ hxg4
JI hxg4 5 |
j Now he thteatens J2. . . xfJ JJ
xfJ wg4+ . 0n J2 AI wou1d
fol1ow the exchange sactifice
J2. . . 4 JJ f4 xf4 J4 2 xfJ
J5 I g4 J6 2 5 and 6lack
wins . |
J2 J f7 |
j White is dooOed in view of the
weakness of the black squates and
his unfottunately placed pieces .
the d4 squate , and the bl and
dl p1ay the to1e of an "extta" .
The gteatest danget is thteatened
ftoO JJW W M 7, and the Oove JJ
AI does not in the 1east change
61ack ' s p1n of attack : JJM W M 7
J4 f4 gJ+ | J5 2 2+ J6 l
f4 etc . White tties to divett
his opponent ftoO the attack by
an assau1t on the c5 pawn, but in
vain. . . . |
JJ cl
( I f the Oove JJ l gives 61ack
the oppottunity of the fo1lowing
beautifu1 coObination, with a
took sactifice quickly deciding
the gaOe then not would any
othet Oove save White s position.
Thus , fot exaOp1e , White cannot
ptevent the othet 61ack attack :
JJe m 4 J4 d4 exd4 J5 e5
j6lack thteatened W M M w5 and then
M W M xg4| 7 J6 2 f8 | and
aftet . . . 4 he Oust win the
gaOe . 6ut now anothet attack is
possible. . . . )
JJ4 6 J4 2 7 J5 l
is 2 is tied to the defence of J5M M W xfJ | |
8
( " coObination of ncoOOon
beauty and depth" says Steinitz .
"CoObinations of this kind can be
Oade on1y by a gteat Oastet"
teOatks 0unsbetg . coObination
of genis , conc1uded in Oastet1y
fashion| The peat1 of the Oatch |
exc1aiOed nuOetos coentatots
on this gaOe . )
j tettib1y sttong b1ow. The
weakness of the b1ack sqates is
aftet a11 White ' s downfal1 . The
d2 sqate is a1teady fond to be
qte unexpected1y fata1 fot
hiO. |
J6 wfJ
j J6 xh4 1oses to both J6. . . J+ |
J7 gJ h4+ J8 &J OJ+ J &2
f7+ 40 &I J+ 4I &I f2, with
win of the queen, and a1so the
siOp1e J6. . . h4 . |
J6. . . O2+ J7 I 9f2+ |
( ( E1egant and at the saOe tiOe
necessaty . Not J7. . . b2?? be
case of J8 fl . ) )
J8 &l
( I f J8 wf2, then J8. . . xh1+ J
2 2+ . )
J8. . . 4|
j The fina1 b1ow. This tiOe based
on the ovet1oading theOe . The 2
has to abandon the I . |
J Ad4 cl+ 40 &2 xhl 4I Af2
wb1 42 g5 &I+ 0-I
( ( Thete cou1d fo11ow 4J &2 2
44 &J J 45 $J I+ etc . ) )
jThe Oidd1e gaOe is a c1assic ex-
aOp1e of the cteation of p1ay on
the b1ack sqates . The fina1

attack is a tea1 Oastetpiece . |

j Notes by Chigotin ( ) , asyukov
and Nikitin j | , and 6ogo1ubov
( ( ) ) . |
25 0unsbetg - Chigotin
( 6th Match 0aOe, avana I80)
Two Knights 0efence
I e4 e5 2 fJ 46 J 4 f6 4 0-0
( 0etai1ed theotetica1 ana1ysis
has been devoted to the attacks
by 4 5 and 4 d4, howevet , cast-
1ing, 4 00, is qite possib1e
and a1so 1eads to a shatp
sttugg1e )
4. . . xe4 5 d4 d5 |
( With 5. . . exd4 6 el d5 7 Ad5
d5 8 4J , it wou1d be possib1e
to Oove the gaOe into theotetica1
vatiations which , even at that
tiOe , wete deep1y ana1ysed but
Chigotin a1so does not Oiss the
oppottnity to 1eave theoty . e
does not c1ing to the pawn but
endeavots to quick1y deve1op his
pieces . )
6 5 7
(61ack consistent1y catties out
his intended p1an, though wotthy
of setious attention is 6. . . exd4
7 d4 f6 , sttiving to ho1d on
to the extta pawn. )
7 Ac6 bxc6 8 xe5 6
( 8. . . A7 1ooks essentia1 , in
otdet to 1eave the d6 squate fot
the tetteat of the knight , how-
evet, Chigotin intends anothet
attangeOent of his fotces . )
fJ Ae5 I0 dxe5
(s wi11 be seen 1atet , with this
Oove White takes a fitst step
towatds Oeeting his opponent ' s
p1an . I f 0unsbetg had p1ayed I0
fxe4, a doub1e-edged tactica1
sttugg1e wou1d unfo1d, fot ex-
aOp1e: I0= o e 96 I I J 0-0 |
j II . . 6 I2 e5 7 IJ J | | I2
exd5 cxd5 IJwd5 8 . )
j If I0 fxe4 f6 II e5 7 and
the White centte pawns can be
1atet undetOined by . . . c5 and
f6 . |
I0. . . 5
( The weakened and iOOobi1ised
61ack pawns on the queen's f1ank
a1so give White gtounds to count
on an advantage . It is quite ob-
vious that success in this gaOe
wi11 depend on whethet White can
estab1ish his doOination ovet the
b1ack squates , and, in the fitst
instance , ovet the c5 squate .
6esides this , thteats fot 61ack
ate concea1ed in the advance of
the f-pawn. The basic pivot in
61ack ' s defence Oust be in the
b1ockading Oanoeuvte of . . . O6
fo11owed by . . . f5 . I f White
a11ows this set-up, then his
chances ate shatp1y decteased.
Thetefote now he shou1d Oake a
tesponsib1e decision by choosing
an otdet of Ooves upon which , in
tep1y to . f5 , he cou1d advant-
ageous1y p1ay exf6 . Wotthy of
attention is this p1an of deve1-
opOent : II J w7 I2 O2 O6
j I2. . . 00 IJ O4| | IJ f4 g6
100
j IJ. . . f5 I4 exf6 | wf6 I5 f5 | and
94| I4 c4. )
I I bJ
( This natuta1 Oove has one set-
ious dtawback , which has a ditect
beating on the ptevious discuss-
ion - it weakens the a1-h8 diag-
ona1 and faci1itates 61ack ' s in-
tended b1ockading set-up . )
I I . . . O6 I 2 f4
( The deve1opOent of the bishop on
aJ does not change the chatactet
of the sttugg1e , since cast1ing
king ' s side is not ob1igatoty fot
61ack In tep1y to I2 9J, he
cou1d , in addition to I2. . . f5 ,
a1so p1ay I2. . . f6 , and 1ikewise
exp1oit the depattute of the
bishop ftoO the c1-h6 diagona1 by
btinging the queen to g5. )
I 2. . . f5
( Now the shady side of White ' s
I Ith Oove i s tevea1ed - aftet IJ
exf6 wf6 , the 1 finds itse1f
undet attack and so thete is
nothing e1se 1eft fot White but
to tesign hiOse1f to the b1ockade
of his centta1 pawns Seveta1
tiOes Chigotin, in his ptactice ,
achieved success by b1ockading
the e5 and f4 pawns with a knight
on e6 and pawn on f5 . )
IJ 9J
( White , a11 the saOe, ptevents
king ' s side cast1ing. 0itect p1ay
on the weakness of the c5 squate
wou1d not be successfu1 IJ J
00 I4 4 w7 I5 cJ fd8 I6 b4
a5 | )
I J . . 4 I4 2
( teOpting, but possib1y not the
best continuation disp1ay of
activity in the centte is Wtt a
tty: I4 c4 d4 I5 J , ot I4 4J,
since if I4. . . xf4, possib1e is
the attack I5 gJ J+ I6 2 4
I7 wg4 fxg4 I 8 e6 | Ae6 I
e1 . )
j 0n I4 2, 61ack Wou1d tep1y
I4. . . d4, and, if I5 cJ , then
I5. . . c5 . |
I4. . . h5 |
( n otigina1 idea . 61ack ptepates
the ttansfet of the queen to g6 ,
fo11oWed by an advance of the
h-paWn e chooses to get to this
position via the g4 squate , con-
sideting that the exchange of
queens thete Wi11 give hiO extta
chances in vieW of the open
h-fi1e. e cou1d, in addition,
a1so take the paWn - I4. . . xf4 ,
not feating a shatpening of the
gaOe . ftet I5 e6 xe6 j I5 . . Ae6
I6 wI | ot Chigotin s I6 gJ J+
I7 2 4 I8 W1 7 I fJ| I6
xf5 4+ I7 OI 0-0-0, ot I5 gJ
J+ I6 2 4 I7 wg4 j I7 e6
Ae6 I8 wI f4| | fxg4 I8 e6 Ae6
I e1 5 20 5 h6, the White
knight is a 1ong Way fto the c5
squate and 61ack succeeds in
beating off the attack. )
I5 gJ
( n unnecessaty Weakening of the
position. The Oove I5 J Wou1d
be Oote usefu1 . )
I5. . . 4
I0I
j I54 w J Wou1d be Weaket , in
vieW of I6fJ |
I6 2 c5 I7 hJ 6 I8 2 0-0-0
I h4
( ot the ptesent , the f4 paWn is
defended by the took , and the
thteat of . . . h4 is not to be
feated by White since he cou1d
tep1y g4 and then g5 , 1ocking the
position. oWevet , 0unsbetg Wants
to ttansfet the knight to fJ and
thetefote tadica11y ptevents the
Oove . h4. )
I . . . 6 20 fJ 7 | 2I 2 d4 22
1
( It is quite obvious that , on a
quiet coutse of events , the init-
iative Wi11 vety quick1y pass to
61ack and the thteats on the
a8-h1 diagona1 Wi11 give hiO a
sttong attack . Cou1d White not
change the coutse of events? The
appatent1y active Oove 22 O5
Wou1d 1ose by fotce - 22. . . 4 |
2JI g5 | 24 fxg5 w4 | ethaps
on1y by an exchange of knights
2 2 5 xg5 2 J fxg5 , cou1d White
knock the opponent off his
attacking thythO, though aftet
2J. . . d5 | 24 4 f8, his posit-
ion teOains difficu1t . 0unsbetg
bui1ds up countetp1ay by an
attack on the c5 paWn, but it
ptoves insufficient , and the te-
Oova1 of the knight ftoO the
king ' s f1ank is deep1y fe1t . )
22. . . w8 2JJ
j White cannot p1ay fot the Win of
a paWn With the Oove 2J O5 , as
then wou1d fo11ow 2J. . . 6 24
a7 dJ and if 25 cxdJ dJ and
61ack has a sttong attack . |
2J. . . 6|
( 61ack tegtoups his fotces ,
otgasng a powetfu1 battety
sttike on the a8-h1 diagona1 . Now
he has to teotganise his tooks in
otdet to catty out the bteak-
thtough . . . g5 Oote effective1y . )
24 f2 g8
j 61ack intends to p1ay . . . g5,
an , aftet sactificing the
knight , to decide the gaOe with
the Oove . . . h4, in addition to
this he has anothet idea in Oind
to ttansfet the knight via d8f7-
h6 to g4 . |
25 f1 6 26 5 6|
( The exchange of queens, 27 b6
axb6 , is in 61ack ' s favout , and
thetefote White is fotced to te-
tteat the queen, giving up the
atteOpt to thteaten the c5 pawn.
6efote tetutning with the queen
to c6 , Chigotin sttengthens the
position of his tooks . )
j ftet the exchange of
61ack ' s position wou1d
doubted1y bettet , the
queens ,
be un-
knight
cou1d have been ttansfetted to
g4, the 61ack pawns on the
queen ' s f1ank wou1d be vety
sttong, and in addition he wou1d
have the open a-fi1e . |
27 wI 6 28 c4 4 2 AI 6 |
J0 g1 8
( The basic dtawback of White ' s
position is his tota1 1ack o f any
I02
countetp1ay whatsoevet . It seeOs
that a passive conteOp1ation of
61ack ' s ptepatation fot the dec-
isive bteakthtough . . . g5 does not
suit 0unsbetg and he decides to
hasten events . )
JI 2
j I do not think that White can
ptevent soonet ot 1atet the Oove
. . . g5 , ot soOe othet thteat . ot
exaOp1e , the sactifice of the
knight on f4 - a squate which
cou1d be attacked again by the
queen. 0eneta11y White ' s position
is vety ctaOped and he can on1y
defend : the Oove Oade on1y acce1-
etates the end . |
J1 . . . &J
j 61ack wins at 1east a pawn. |
J2 f2
( 0n J2 w2, sttong is siOp1y
J2. . . xgJ , and then JJ fJ xfJ
J4 1 J J5 2 4| J6 cJ
dxcJ , fo11owed by . . . 4 ot d8 ,
accotding to White ' s Oove , j J7
f2 d8 | | and White wi11 have to
give up the knight fot the
c-pawn. |
J2. . . g5 | |
( The beginning of a we11-prepared
conc1usive attack on the king .
61ack ' s threats have becoOe
irresistibe : (I ) JJ fxg5 f4 | J4
4g4 hxg4 J5 g2 j J5 1 fxgJ+ ,
or J5. . . h4+ J6 gxh4 gJ+ J7 OJ
xg5+ | J8 hxg5 5 Oate| J5. . .
xg5 J6 1 j J6 f4 h4+ J7
gxh4 J+ J8 1 fJ+| g2+ | J7
g2 fJ+ J8 1 xe1 and wins ,
( 2) JJ w2 gxh4 J4 fJ fJ J5
xg4 hxg4 J6 gxh4 h4+ J7 J
J+ J8 2 A4 J &I dJ fo11ow-
ed by . . . 4 with a quick win . )
JJ xg4 hxg4 J4 1
j61ack threatened . . . h4+ and
J Oate .|
J4. . . h4+ |
( Now a1so the point of the Oan-
oeuvre J. . . 8 becoOes c1ear .
roO an aObush position, the rook
Oakes a decisive attack . )
j The second genius-1ike sacrif
ice decides the gaOe . 1so 1ead-
ing to a win was J4. . . gxh4 J5
fJ hxgJ+ J6 &gJ J+ J7 2
xfJ+ J8 &I xf4 etc - the two
passed pawns decide the gaOe . "
eutsche Schachzeitung. |
J5 gxh4 gJ+ J6 xgJ f1
( ere we have thr resu1t of the
sp1endid1y carried out attack .
61ack has obtained a great Oater-
ia1 advantage and kept the init-
iative . )
J7 g1 J J8 fxg5 f4 J f4
f4+ 40 J fJ
( 0unsberg continued the use1ess
I0J
resistance for another I5 Ooves . )
4I f2 4+ 42 2 4+ 4J 2 wJ
44 gg2 dJ
j Stronger than 44. . . J+ 45 I
h4 , then wou1d fo11ow 46 g6 5
47 g7 g7 48 xf5 . |
45 g6 e5+ 46 J 4 47 d2 6
48 dxdJ h4+ 4 1 5 50 2
g6 5I 2 &6 52 d5 4+ 5J 1
f4 54 dd2 1+ 55 2 fJ 0-I
( deep positiona1 gaOe . Chigorin
prepared his attack on the White
king and carried it out very
effective1y and accurate1y . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin ( )
and Chigorin j | . |
26 0unsberg - Chigorin
( 20th Match 0aOe , avana I80)
Spanish
I e4 e5 2 fJ 6 J 5 a6 4 94
f6 5 dJ d6 6 J
( The seeOing1y quiet continuation
5 dJ serves to introduce a quite
aggressive set-up, which nderssen
and Steinitz 1iked to eOp1oy .
fter strengthening the centre ,
White intends to p1ay hJ and g4 ,
fo11owed by transferring the 1
to gJ , and p1acing the rook on g1 ,
after this he can either prepare
the sacrifice J-f5 , or further
advance the g or h-pawns . 6ut this
p1an requires a great dea1 of tiOe
and 61ack succeeds in obtaining
sufficient counterchances in the
centre .
0n the 6th Oove , nderssen usua11y
parted with his bishop - 6 c6+ .
Steinitz , on the othet hand , pte-
setved it by p1aying 6 cJ . 0uns-
betg does not obect to exchang
ing the bishop, on1y not at the
cost of opening the b-fi1e , upon
which 61ack ' s countetp1ay Oight
disttact his opponent ftoO pte-
pating an attack on the king's
f1ank . )
6 . . g6 7 AJ 97 8 O2 $7 hJ
0-0 I0 g4 8 II J 5 I2 2
xbJ IJ axbJ 7 I4 J 8 I5
1 c6
( Chigotin has achieved a hatOon-
ious dep1oyOent of his fotces in
the centte and the king ' s f1ank,
and, though White has tea1ised
the p1anned attangeOent of his
pieces , theit aggtessive intent
fot the ptesent is not fe1t , and ,
what is Oote, 61ack can begin
p1ay in the centte by . . . d5 ot
f5, ot , if White cast1es queen' s
side, he can advance the a-pawn.
0unsbetg decides to 1eave his
king in the centte, and gain
space a1so on the queen' s f1ank . )
I6 cJ h6
( It wou1d seeO that 61ack , patt-
icu1at1y aftet the weakening of
the White pawn chain on the
queen ' s f1ank , shou1d p1ay I6. . .
f5 , howevet , aftet I7 gxf5 gxf5
I8 $5 | &7 I 4, White , at the
expense of his pawns , seizes the
g5 squate and tea11y obtains an
attack . Thetefote Chigotin does
not hutty with a decisive action
but continues to sttengthen his
I04
position . )
I7 b4 7 I8 2 f6
( Chigotin' s opening sttategy
becoOes c1eat . e keeps the
doub1ed-edged Oove . . . f5 in tes-
etve, fot exaOp1e in tep1y to I
2 ae8 20 h4 f5 | and , by conso1-
idating his king ' s f1ank, he gtad-
ua1y switches active opetations
to the othet side of the boatd . )
j 61ack ' s Oove ptevents I g5 h5 20
4 and a sactifice of the knight
fot the h5 pawn. |
I &I &7 20 4 d5 | 2I fJ
( 61ack ' s fitst success . 0unsbetg
gives up the atteOpt to cteate an
attack and begins to consttuct a
defence . owevet it was sti11 nec-
essaty fot hiO to put tight the
1ack of cootdination of neat1y a11
his pieces, whi1e the vety good
intetp1ay of the 61ack Oen a11ows
Chigotin to quick1y seize the
initiative on the queen' s f1ank . )
2I. . . fd8
( n accutate p1an. 61ack thteatens
to p1ay . . . A8 and, by thus ftee-
ing his queen ftoO defence of the
g6 and h5 squates , aftet . . . dxe4,
to ttansfet it to bJ and doub1e
tooks on the d-fi1e . Thetefote
White Oust at once dtive away the
took ftoO the d-fi1e, a1though the
position o his bishop on b6 gives
61ack extta tiOe fot tegtouping . )
22 6 e8 2J 2 7 24 5 48
25 w2 b6 26 f2 8 27 f1 d4
(61ack cou1d ptepate the contin-
uation . . . f5 by p1aying 27. . . 96
fo11oWed by . . . A7 , 7 and f ,
but Chigotin consistent1y takes
the open 1ine on the queen s
f1ank . )
28 O2
j 0n 28 cxd4 Wou1d fo11oW
28. . . Ab4+ 2O2 J , and, if J0
l, then J0. . . 2 .|
28W M M c5 2 bxc5 bxc5 J0 c4
( The opetation on the queen ' s
f1ank Wi11 begin undet conditions
Which ate favoutab1e fot 61ack .
he is on the point of estab1ish-
ing hiOse1f on the b-fi1e and
attacking the b2 paWn. White has
no countetp1ay and , fot the pte-
sent , Oanoeuvtes in his oWn
caOp . )
J0. . . 6 JI I a
j I f at once JI .. . b8 , then J2
a 8 JJ bJ , noW hoWevet , on J2
bJ Wou1d fo11oW J2. . . a4. |
J2 2 eb8 JJ &2
( 0pening the gaOe by JJ f4 exf4
J4 Oxf4 96, Wou1d be in 61ack ' s
favout . )
JJ. . . 8 J4 2 4
( NoW, in otdet to defend the b2
paWn, he is fotced to bting ovet
the gI , Which signifies White s
tota1 ttansfet t o defence . )
J gb1
( 0n J 2 Wou1d fo11oW J. . . 4
fo11oWed by . . . b8 , but noW, on
J. . . 4, possib1e is J6 aJ ab8
J7 J fo11oWed by AI . oWevet ,
by fine Oanoeuveting, Chigotin
1ines up his heavy pieces on the
bfi1e in a situation favoutab1e
I05
fot hiOse1f . )
J. . . 6 | J6 AI 7 | J7 OfI
( It is intetesting to note that
hete 0unsbetg ptoposed a dtaW . )
J7. . . a7 J8 92 6 J J a4 40
1 8 4I fl
( 4I h4 Wou1d be Wotth a tty , With
soOe hopes of tevita1ising his
pieces, hoWevet , as befote, White
concetns hiOse1f on1y With
defence . )
4I . . . 7 42I
j In otdet to defend the b2 paWn as
Wi11 be appatent ftoO the contin-
uation of the gaOe . |
42. . . b6 4J AI O7 44 Of2 8 4
OI 6 |
( 61ack s ptessute incteases With
each Oove . e intends to ttansfet
the knight to bJ and, aftet the
exchange M M W 4c1 , thteatens a
sactifice of the exchange on b2 . )
46 2 Oa5
( 0n 46. . . J , White Wou1d ptobab1y
have hit upon the tep1y 47 OI 4
48 2, When the Weakness of the
a4 paWn does not a11oW 61ack to
p1ay 48. . . A6 j in otdet to ptepate
the sactifice . . . OxdJ| . )
47 I J 48 1 f5 |
( 61ack p1ays . . . f5 at the tight
OoOent , when the White king has
gone ovet to the king ' s f1ank and
any pawn exchange on f5 is unfav-
outab1e fot White . )
4 w2 f4
( necessaty Oove , since 61ack
intends to open the h-fi1e by
. . . h5 . This cannot be ptevented
since , aftet 50 h4 A7 , White
cannot do anything against the
opening of 1ines on the queen 's
f1ank j aftet . . . Oxc1 and aJ| . )
50 OI A7 |
( The teOpting sactifice of the
exchange , 50. . . 4c1 5I xc1 xb2
52 Oxb2 xb2 , is not c1eat be-
cause of 5J 1 aJ 54 f2 . 6ut
61ack , as ptevious1y , is huttying
nowhete and can, without tisk,
continue to sttengthen his posit-
ion . )
5I 42
j I f White tetutns the knight to
g2 , in otdet to ptevent . . . 4,
then 61ack has a sttong position
with open a and b fi1es , aftet
. . . 6, Oxc1 and aJ . |
5I. . . 4 52 2
( White decides to tid hiOse1f of
the thteat of the exchange sac-
tifice on b2, aftet . . . Oxc1 . 0n
52 J, 61ack cou1d a1so p1ay
siOp1y 52. . . h5 . )
j 0n 52 I wou1d have fo11owed
52. . . Oxc1 5J xc1 xb2 54 Oxb2
xb2 55 1 | aJ 56 2 4| 57
g2 ( 57 xb2 axb2 58 42 J | ) 4
58 1 J | and White is fotced to
exchange queens 5 wcJ ( 5 2
$J 60 g2 g5) dxcJ 60 1 a2 | |
52. . . Oxd2 5J d2 7
( White is abso1ute1y he1p1ess . is
pieces on the queen's f1ank ate
tied to the defence of the b2 pawn
and can on1y watch as 61ack , by
ptepating to open the h-fi1e,
cteates an attack on the king . )
54 a1
j White cannot ftee eithet the took
ot the knight ftoO defence of the
b2 pawn. 0n 54 J cou1d fo11ow
54. . . $J 55 a1 h5 with the thteat
of the above-Oentioned exchange
sactifice aftet . . . hxg4 the
h-fi1e is sti11 opened. |
54. . . h5 55 a2 g5 56 w2 $J 57
OaJ hxg4 58 fxg4
j I f 58 hxg4 , then 58. . . 6
fo11owed by . . . 8 . |
58. . . 6 |
( Sudden1y it tutns out that White
Oight ust as we11 suttendet . is
pieces, scatteted ovet the fitst
two tanks , ate unab1e to go ovet
to the he1p of the king. n in-
stant end to the sttugg1e is a
coOp1ete1y natuta1 tesu1t . )
5 2
( To add to his ttoub1es , even the
f1 does not Oanage to take patt
in the defence of the hJ pawn -
the 1ast suppott of White ' s posit
ion . 0n 5 2 the quite sttaight-
fotwatd coObination 5. . . xhJ 60
hJ 8+ 6I 2 2+ 62 &J J |
I06
j thteatening o 4 o Ag4+| decides
the gaOe . )
5. . . 8 60 5 xhJ 6I 6 2
62 J Ag4 6J 8+ 6 0-I
( sp1endid who1eheatted sttateg-
ica1 gaOe . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin ( )
and Chigotin j | . |
27 0unsbetg - Chigotin
( 22nd Match 0aOe , avana I80)
Two Knights 0efence
I e4 e5 2 fJ 6 J 4 f6 4 5
( 0unsbetg tisks this Oove , te1y-
ing on the inventive new defence
inttoduced by his 8th Oove . )
4. . . d5 5 exd5 5 6 5+ c6 7
dxc6 bxc6 8 9J
( The usua1 Oove now is 8 A2 . )
8. . . 5
( 61ack ptevents the Oove 4
j . . xe4 I0 Ae4 Af2+ | . )
0-0 0-0 I0J 6
( In otdet , aftet I I e4 xe4 I2
xe4, to then iOOediate1y con-
tinue the attack with . . . f5 . )
II A2 5 I2 dJ7
( This knight Oakes fifteen Oovs
in the gaOe and p1ays a vety
iOpottant to1e in the attack . Its
1ast Oove actua11y fotces White
to tesign . )
I J fJ 7 I4 1 f5 I52
( White wise1y defends the h2 pawn
ftoO danget aftet . . . 6 , the
knight on fJ cou1d 1atet coOe
undet thteat ftoO the advance of
the pawn to e4, in which case
White wou1d have to Oake the Oove
gJ, coOptoOising his gaOe . I wou1d
howevet ptefet soOe othet kind of
defensive p1an . )
I54 5 I6 f1 8 I7 fJ 6 I8
gJ4 Ixd5
( This exchange is vittua11y fot-
ced , aftet I $2 61ack cou1d
steadi1y continue the attack by
. . . f4 thteatening W W M fJ . )
I= 4 cxd5 20 $2 f 2I cJ 6 22
bJ 5 2J 5
( White Oust ptevent the knight
check on hJ, ot the even sttonget
Oove . . . J j in the event of w2| .
6ut no Oattet how White defends ,
he cannot avoid the catasttophe on
the king ' s f1ank . )
2J. . . 6 | 24 c4 6 25 w2
( ethaps White teckoned on the
tep1y . . . fJ , aftet which he cou1d
obtain thtee pawns fot the piece
aftet 26 Ag5 fxe2 27 Ad8
exf1 () + 28 xfl xd8 2 d5+ .
owevet , tetteating to d1 wou1d
not have been bettet . If 25 Ad5+,
then 25 . . d5 26h6 fJ+ 27OI
O7 and 61ack wins . )
25. . . J+ 26 W1
( I f 26 AhJ , then aftet 26. . . hJ
61ack wou1d win the gaOe with no
patticu1at difficu1ty , in view of
the thteat . . . fJ fo11owed by O7 )
26. . . 7 27 cxd5
diagtaO
27. . . Ad5 |
(ete , I ptefetted a sttaight-
fotwatd honest attack to guatantee
I07
the win of the gaOe . The spectat-
ots - aOongst whoO wete a nuObet
of sttong avana p1ayets - ex-
pected the Oove 27 4 4 fJ, which
wou1d win a piece . In ptactica1
p1ay it is difficu1t to see one ' s
way thtough the Oass o f coOp1ic-
ated vatiations which wou1d
fo11ow this continuation: 27 + 4 fJ
28 fJ xfJ 2 fJ d5 J0 e4
f6 JI 2 | xf2+ J2 I xdJ JJ
AJ. What kind of attack does
this 1eave 61ack? I f JJ. 8 ,
then J4 2 , if JJ . xf1+ J4
xf1 8, then J5 2, fina11y,
i f JJ4 4 6 J4 dI | eJ+ J5 xeJ
f2, then J6 f2 xf2 J7 xd5 . )
28 A4 6 2 fJ e4 J0 dxe4 7
( 61ack thteatens JI f2+ 61ack
wou1d obtain the saOe position as
he gets in the gaOe if he gives
an eat1iet check with the
knight . )
JI g4
( White wou1d a1so 1ose quick1y if
he sactifices the exchange by JI
4+ O8 J2 e2 f2+ JJ xf2
61ack continues JJo 4 4 f2 J4 g4
I08
1 J5 2 xh2+ | J6 &h2 fJ J7
2 | h5 J8 gxh5 f6 and 4 4 6 )
JI . f2+ J2 2 8 |
( 61ack does not p1ay the queen to
e7 , so as to not give White the
oppottunity of sactificing the
queen fot two pieces , aftet which
the gaOe wou1d be considetab1y
1engthened , but now White is fot-
ced to sactifice a piece )
JJ J fxeJ J4 eJ eJ J5 eJ
J J6 dI 4 J7 d2 5 J8 f2
J+ J I xfJ 40 Ie2 8 4I
I d6 42 d2 4J f2 h6
( 61ack wou1d on1y win a pawn aftet
4J+ 4 4 xbJ , now, aftet . 8 , he
p1ans to take the e4 pawn White
obvious1y cannot captute the
knight . )
44 7fJ| 0-I
j Notes by Chigotin |
28 Chigotin - Steinitz
( Te1egtaph 0aOe I80I )
Evans 0aObit
I e4 e5 2 fJ 6 J 4 5 4 b4
b4 5 cJ 5 6 0-0 6
( In his fitst Oatch with Chigotin
in I88 , Steinitz p1ayed on1y this
defence . 0espite its attificia1ity
and his success against it in
ptactice , Chigotin eOphasised that
White cou1d on1y obtain an advant-
age by an enetgetic and ingenious-
1y conducted attack )
7 d4 6
( In the above-Oentioned Oatch ,
Steinitz p1ayed 7= 4 o e7 , but
Chigotin, in the 1ast gaOe , found
the cottect way : 8 d5 O8 O4|
6 I0 $5| 6 11 J | c6 I2
d1 8 IJ Ae7 e7 I4 d6+ 8
I5 4 f6 I6 J , and obtained a
winning attack .
ftet this , Steinitz , in the
fitst patt of his "Modetn Chess
Insttuctot" , tecoOOended 7. . . 6
as the best defence to the Evans
0aObit . t the saOe tiOe he a1so
tecoOOended the tetteat of the
knight , J, in the Two Knights
0efence . Chigotin Oaintained that
both these innovations wete bad.
nd so thete atose the idea of
otganising two theOatic gaOes by
te1egtaph , in which each of the
two chess giants cou1d deOon-
sttate the cottectness of theit
opinions .
Latet Steinitz consideted that
the Oost accutate way of tepu1s-
ing White s attack 1ay in the
Oove 7. . . h6 , which he ttied suc-
cessfu11y in his Oatch with
0unsbetg. owevet he did not
choose to eOp1oy this in the
tevenge Oatch with Chigotin.
ftet the tevenge Oatch , Chigotin
showed the Oost active Oethod of
attack, a1so aftet 7. . . h6 . ete
it is: 8 J| 6 dxe5 | 6
j. . . 4e5 I0 xe5 e5 11 94 | |
I0d2 AeJ 11 fxeJ e7 I24
etc . )
8 $5 6
( Steinitz p1ays to ho1d on to the
gaObit pawn, wheteas, in 6ogo1-
ubov s opinion, he cou1d quiet1y
obtain an equa1 gaOe by giving up
the pawn: 8. . . 6 d5 8 I0 Ah6
h6 I I Oxe5 0-0 I2 d6 46 . 6ut
this apptaisa1 is questionab1e . In
out opinion, aftet IJ 4 6 I4
&I , White stands bettet . )
d5 8 I0 O4 6 11 J c6
( Hea1ising that the J wi11 soon
ttansfet to c4, Steinitz ptepates
to dtive it away with the Oove
. . . b5 . The atteOpt to deve1op his
pieces a 1itt1e by II. . . 0-0 wou1d
1ead to a Oisetab1e position aftet
I2 J 6 IJ 44 f6 j IJ. . . d6 I4
7 | | I4Oxb6 cxb6 I5 J . )
I2 2 | A7
( 61ack consistent1y catties out
his p1an and , in addition, the
bishop defends the e5 pawn. ftet
I2. . . A5 , White wou1d obtain a
vety sttong attack by Oeans of IJ
44 8 I4 d8 &d8 I5 4xe5 f6
I6 dxc6 | fxe5 I7 cxd7 d7 I8 I
7 Ixe5 , e . g . I. . . 96 20 xd7
d7 2I xd6 d6 22 d1 and
wins . )
IJ48
j 0thet Ooves of the queen ate
weaket : IJ. . . 5 I4 d6 | and the
pawn cannot be taken because of
J winning the queen, and if
I4. . . 8 I5 eJ 5 I6 2
thteatening 6 winning the queen
ot the took , if IJ. . . 6 I4 d8 |
Ad8 I 5fxe5 6 I6 OJ 7 I7 d6
9 Ooves I8 OJ b5 I e5 with an
exce11ent gaOe . )
I4 d6 |
(n exceptiona11y sttong and un-
I0
expected b1ow . 61ack has no
choice : I4. . . 8 I5 A7 | ot I4. . .
b5 I5 dxc7 7 I6 J 5 I7 4
bxc4 I8 8 | )
I4. . . d6 I56 8 I6 a7
( ete we see the fitst tesu1t of
the bteakthtough I4 d6 | - White
stea1s up c1ose to the iOOobi1
ised 61ack pieces on the queen ' s
f1ank . I t becoOes c1eat that
61ack finds hiOse1f 1iOited in
his choice of Ooves and has a
hope1ess1y coOptoOised position.
White has seveta1 natuta1 ways of
sttengthening his position,
wheteas it is difficu1t fot 61ack
to find a p1an of defence . ety
soon attention wi11 be focussed
on the 96 , the on1y defendet of
the 8 . I f White succeeds in
dtiving it away ftoO the d6
squate , then the fate of the took
and thetefote a1so the bishop on
c8 wi11 be decided, since the te-
tteat . A7 does not he1p be-
cause of the effective tep1y
8 )
I6 . . O6
( In a gaOe against 0unsbetg ,
p1ayed in I8I , Steinitz chose
I6. . 4 I7 4| O6 I8 g4 xg5
I f5 O6 20 dI A7 2I 8 |
xa8 22 a8 8 2J d7 | The
Oove I6. . . O6 seeOs Oote advis-
ab1e, since, aftet I7 h6 gxh6
I8 4 7 fo11owed by . . . 7 ,
61ack cou1d ho1d on. )
I7 Al
( bti11iant Oove . The thteatened
1oss of the exchange aftet I8 9J
fotces 61ack into a futthet weak-
ening of his position Latet ,
Steinit , in his annotations to
the gaOes of the Oatch , wtote
about the Oove I7 AI , "Oazing .
This Oove , as a1so the I2th and
I4th Ooves of White , beat the
staOp of genius " )
I7. . . 8 I 8 9J c5
( White thteatened to win by the
Oove I b8.)
I dI |
( 0nce again White tevo1ves the
p1ay atound 61ack s necessity to
defend the bishop on d6 . )
I. . . f6
( 0n I . . A7 , Chigotin had pte-
pated the fotcing vatiation: 20
5 f6 2I 5 96 j best if
2I . xd5 22 exd5 f4 ot 8 2J
xc5 ot 2J d6 and wins| 22 4 |
xd5 2J d5 A7 24 f5 g6 25
fdI gxf5 26 xd7 d7 27 d7
I I0
O6 28 A c5 Oxc5 2 c5 I J0
I Oate | )
20 A4
j It wou1d have been bad to p1ay
20 8? xa8 2I a8 W1 224
g6 and 61ack ' s king is in a safe
position. 61ack cou1d atteOpt an
attack by . . . 6 .]
20. . . A7
( It is difficu1t to suggest a
p1an of defence hete . 61ack ,
thteatened thick and fast , fot
the ptesent Oakes a Oove which
does not 1ose at once . Thus ,
aftet 20. . . Oxe4 , decisive wou1d
be 2I Oxc8 x 22 wb7 6 2J
Oxe5 , and, on 20. . . w7 , he
achieves his goa1 by 2I A e6 fxe6
22 4 A7 2J A c5 and 24 O6+ . )
2I O5 |
( The sttongest and at the saOe
tiOe Oost e1egant continuation of
the attack . )
2I . . 96 22 4|
( It was a1teady possib1e hete to
teap the ftuits of his p1ay by 22
4f6+ gxf6 2J A e6 fxe6 24 A c5
A c5 25 b8 , but Chigotin sees
the possibi1ity of sti11 futthet
sttengthening his position. )
22. . . Oxd5
( 61ack is powet1ess against the
invasion of the knight on f5 . 0n
22. . . b5 , Chigotin again gives a
fotcing vatiation: 2J Of5 Oxd5 24
d5 7 25 6 | 8 26 A b5
j thteatening A d7+ | 7 27 8+
xc8 28 xd7 j thteatening 6+ |
8 2 fdI 8 J0 d8+ d8 j if
J0 . . . Oxd8 JI A c5+ and Oate next
Oove| JI d8+ Oxd8 J2 A c5+ 96
JJ A d6 Oate.)
2J Of5 | g6
(61ack can no 1onget endute the
gtowing ptessute and decides to
iediate1y c1atify the situat-
ion . )
24 Oxd6+ wd6 25 A d5
( I t seeOs an even quicket con
c1usion to the gaOe cou1d be
teached by 25 exd5 Of4 26 A c5
7 27 5 fo11owed by d6 , how
evet , the tep1y 27. . . 8 1eads to
apptoxiOate1y the saOe position
as in the gaOe . )
25. . . 7 26 A e6 fxe6 27 A c5 8
j 6ecause of the thteat of 28 96 ,
61ack Oust give up the exchange . |
28 a8 c5 2 4 &8 J0 2
7
(Steinitz has Oanaged to avoid a
quick tout , but his position is
1ost . Chigotin btings the fI
into p1ay and this soon decides
Oattets . The fina1 attack is coO-
bined with the thteat to ttans
pose into a winning endgaOe . )
JI bI | A J2 5 6 JJ 4 d6
( White has testticted the advance
of the d-pawn to the d6 squate . )
J4 a4| w8
( The bishop cannot go to d7 ,
J4. . . 97 J5 xd6 etc . )
J5 6 8 J6 5 d5
j I f J6. . . 8 J7 b2 ( thteatening
Oate in two Ooves by 6 and 8)
III
&4 J8 b7+ Ab7 J d8+ and
Oate in a few Ooves . |
J7 exd5 8 J8 d I-0
j I t was certain1y use1ess to con-
tinue the gaOe . Steinitz cou1d
not p1ay J8. . . &4 because of J
xb7+ Ab7 ( if J. . . &b7 40 2+
and Oate in a few Ooves) 40 d8+
7 4I O5+ 8 42 d7 fo11owed by
d8()+ etc . nd if J8. . . 7 J c4
&4 40 c5 4 4I hJ and 61ack ,
not being ab1e to prevent either
c or db2 threatening , is
forced to sacrifice his queen for
the rook , or the rook for the
dpawn. nd if 61ack had con-
tinued J8. . . & , in order to def
end the rook and the e-pawn, the
conc1usion wou1d have been J
xb7+ Ab7 ( if J. . . &b7 40 7+
8 4I 2 42 + 7 4J
O+ and Oate next Oove) 40 7+
7 4I 2 8 42 + and 4J
O5+ and Oate on the fo11owing
Oove . |
( This gaOe serves as an obect
1esson in the breakthrough of
chess "concrete" . Chigorin' s
attacking Oanoeuvres , between the
I2th and 22nd Ooves , Oake a
striking iOpression . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin ( )
and Chigorin j | . |
2 Steinitz - Chigorin
( Te1egraph 0aOe I80I )
Two Knights 0efence
I e4 e5 2 OfJ 4 J 4 Of 4 5
d5 5 exd5 5 5+ c 7 dxc
II2
bxc 8 2 h J
( This position was a1so the ob-
ect of a creative arguOent .
Later on, each of the opponents
brings into p1ay his pieces in
accordance with his creative
opinion. Chigorin endeavours to
concern hiOse1f with activating
his position. Steinitz , however ,
ardent1y refrains froO Ooving
his pawns and is not in any hurry
to cast1e , in order to 1eave the
g1 square free for the knight . )
= 4 + 5
j I did not p1ay + 4 d because
of the rep1y I0 d4, the text
Oove , . . . 5 , is Oore aggressive
and forces White to 1ater p1ay
soOe Ooves , e . g. 4, which do
nothing to strengthen his posit-
ion. I no 1onger wanted to take
the knight because Oy bishop is
needed for the attack , whi1e the
knigt wi11 soon be forced to go
back to g1 That seeOed to be a11
the Oore favourab1e for Oe as I
cou1d , for a 1ong tiOe , prevent
the knight coOing to fJ, and it
is on1y after this Oove that
White can deve1op proper1y. |
I0 dJ 00 I I 4J
jSteinitz said that he did not
p1ay I I cJ because of the con-
tinuation 11. . . 8 I2 b4 Ab4 IJ
cxb4 4 I4 bxa5 a1 I5O2a2
etc ., which is unattractive for
White . owever , on the Oove I I
cJ , I wou1d not have rep1ied
II. . . 8 , since this Oove is use
1ess in the vatiation I2 I | O6
IJ d4 exd4 I4 b4 , winning a piece
fot two pawns . I wou1d considet
that it is abso1ute1y necessaty
to not a11ow the White king s
knight to go to gI and then fJ ,
because White , being then ab1e to
cast1e , wou1d have easi1y tepu1s
ed the who1e attack . I intended
to tep1y to II cJ by . . . 7 | when
White cou1d p1ay neithet I2 b4 ,
because of I2. . . Ab4 IJ cxb4 O4,
not I2 I , because of I2. . . 6
IJ d4 exd4 I4 b4 96 I5 wd4 wd4
I6 cxd4 Ab4+ , tegaining the pawn
with a good position. |
I I . M M 5
( The knight on hJ is so bad1y
p1aced that to exchange it fot
the A8 , which wi11 cettain1y
ptove usefu1 fot the attack ,
wou1d ean te1ieving White s
gae . Chigotin ftees the way fot
the fpawn.)
I2 4
( I f Steinitz intends to tetteat
the knight to gI , then the text
Oove is abso1ute1y necessaty
since the bishop ust be dtiven
away ftoO attacking the f2
squate . 0f coutse , the knight 's
position on a4 is not exact1y
aesthetic , but is the position of
the knight on a5 any bettet?)
I2. . . 96 IJI f5
( Steinitz wtote , "0n y side ate
six unOoved pawns which accotd
ing to y theoties . ate a gteat
advantage, especia11y fot the
I IJ
ending , whete it is iOpottant to
tetain the option of Ooving
eithet one ot two squates . Mote
ovet , not a sing1e piece of ine
wi11 be within teach of eithet of
Oy opponent ' s pawns fot a 1ong
tiOe to coe . is on1y point of
attack 1ies in advancing his
fpawn to fJ and this point is
now we11-guatded . " Chigotin a1so
consideted the tetteat of the
knight to gI the best , but now
his who1e gaOe tevo1ves atound
encoutaging the exit of the
knight to fJ | Thus, on I4 fJ
now, cou1d fo11ow I4. . . e4 I5 4
97 and it is c1eat that the i11
fated knight stands even wotse on
d4 than on gI . )
I4 cJ 97
( gain it is not possib1e to
bting out the knight I5 fJ e4
I6 4 c5 I7 dxe4 cxd4 | I8 exd5
8 | and 61ack s attack becoOes
dangetous . 6ut , by p1aying I4 cJ ,
Steinitz had appatent1y decided
to estab1ish a pawn outpost on
d4. )
I5 d4 e4
( Chigotin does not feat the fotO
ation of a Oobi1e pawn chain on
the queens f1ank , and 1ogica1y
catties out his p1an. Now White
has out of p1ay the knight on gI
and took on gI , and a1so his king
is stuck in the centte . Chigotin
ptepates a futthet advance of his
centte pawn, aiing to open the e
and f-fi1es . n . . . exd4, Steinitz
suggested the defensive set-up I6
cxd4 7 I7 I , fo11owed by OfJ,
J and 2.)
I6 c4 O7 |
( ust this way , so as first1y not
to b1ock the f-fiIe, and second1y
to bring the knight to f4 j via
g6| or to f5 jafter . . . f4| . )
I74J 6 I8 bJ
( Steinitz sticks to his prin-
cip1es and does not weaken his
position on the king s f1ank ,
Oeahi1e, by Oaking use of the
iune c4 pawn j I8. . . Oxc4? I J
8 20 c4| xbJ 2I e6+ and 22
bJ | , he cou1d either endeavour
to bring out the knight , I8 J,
and then cast1e , or prevent the
further advance of the f-pawn by
p1aying I8 f4. It seeOs that , on
both these Ooves , equa11y strong
wou1d be the rep1y I8. . . 8 j on
I8 J , a1so good is . . . g5 | | with
threats on both the c4 pawn and
the pawns on the king 's f1ank .
Thus after I8 f4 8 I O4 4 |
20 c5 a4 2I Oxa4 A7 22 gJ
fb8 , 61ack s pieces occupy very
Oenacing positions . )
I8. . . 4 I 2
diagraO
I. . . f4 |
( 61ack consistent1y carries out
his p1an and in the quickest
possib1e tiOe intends to open the
gaOe with a sacrifice of the f-
pawn . White a1ready has no satis-
I I4
factory continuation. 0n 20 I ,
strong is 20. . . fJ | 2I gxfJ exfJ
22 fJ 6 fo11owed by . . . 4 ,
and , on 20 aJ , good is 20. . . cJ+
2I cJ Of5 22 $4 8 . Steinitz
gives up his centre pawn, hoping
to exp1oit the vis-a-vis of the
2 and 4.)
20 2
( This is, a11 the saOe, an ad-
Oission of the bankruptcy of
White ' s opening strategy . The
pawn sacrifice , which 61ack Oust
accept in order not to a11ow his
opponent to cast1e queen-side ,
does not change the character of
the strugg1e - the threat of
. . . fJ cannot be averted . )
j I f 20 aJ the continuation wou1d
have been 20W M W cJ+ 2I cJ Of5
22 $4 8 | and not 22. . . O8 as
indicated by Steinitz . nd if 20
I , the strongest rep1y seeOs to
be 20. . . eJ, in order , after 2I
fxeJ or 2I OfJ , to be ab1e to
p1ay M M W Of5 . |
20. . . d4 2I 1
( The choice is Oiserab1e for
White . ftet 2I aJ he wou1d find
hiOse1f undet a tettib1e attack
by 2I .. . fJ| 22 gxfJ eJ| 2J fxeJ
4+ | It seeOs thete wou1d be
soOe chances of sa1vation in 2I
dI 6 22 aJ cJ+ 2J cJ 6
24 I . Steinitz endeavouts to
quick1y unpin the 4J in otdet to
uncovet the 2 but 1eads his
king ditect1y into ttoub1e . )
2I .. . fJ|
j This attack seeOed vety sttong
to Oe and Oote intetesting than
the continuation 2I. . . f5 which
wou1d equa11y give an advantage
in position 2l. . . f5 22 O5 5
( White wou1d not obtain any ad-
vantage by continuing 2J 4f4
because of the tep1y 2J. . . f2+
24 f2 eJ+ 25 eJ c2 ) .
detai1ed ana1ysis of the ptesent
position convinced Oe that 61ack
Oust win. |
22 gxfJ
( The sactifice of the bishop : 22
4e4 fxe2+ 2J e2 O6 wou1d
soOewhat tevita1ise the White
pieces but not fot 1ong : 24 Of6+
7 | ot 24 c5 | O5 | 25 wb5 cxb5
26 aJ 4bJ 27 axbJ OxaI 28 al
a5 | )
22. . . exfJ 2J fJ
( 2J OxfJ is no bettet . Chigotin
intended to continue the attack
by 2J. . . J+ 24 &I xfJ | 25 fJ
8 26 A2 j he was thteatened
with . . . O4+| 6 27 l j i f 27
2 xe2+ | 6 . n ana1ysis of
this vatiation shows that 61ack
I I5
vety soon obtains a gteat Oatet-
ia1 advantage . )
2J. . . f5 24 O4
(ftet 24 I 61ack tetains the
attack by Ooving the queen to f4
ot h4. )
jI f 24 d1 4 25 O4 ( if 25 w2
6 etc .) d8 26 xd8 xd8 27
w2 ( he was thteatened with
. . . d2 fo11owed by e4 and if
27 I d4 etc . ) 27. . . 6 ( now
White has no othet Oove) 28 hJ
( to ptevent the two vatiations 28
J e4 2 W ot e4 1+ and
wins ot 28 aJ Of4 2 J J+ J0
4hJ hJ+ JI I dI+ and Oate
next Oove) 28. . . 4 | and White
in otdet not to 1ose a piece by
. . . 4 Oust sactifice the ex-
change by 2 h4 Oxh4 J0 xh4
h4 . |
(t fitst sight it seeOs that
White has succeeded in achieving
his aiO - his b1ack squated
bishop coOes into p1ay and by
dtiving the bishop away by b4
his queen can go to the aI-h8
diagona1 . 6ut the 1ogic of chess
does not 1ike exceptions . p to
now 61ack has consistent1y catt-
ied out his attack with no 1et-
up and so the initiative Oust
1ie with hiO. Thete wi11 ust
coOe a tiOe when he Oust find an
accutate and pethaps a1so the
on1y Oove . )
24. . . e4| 25 2 |
( 0f coutse not 25 e4 b2 26
}1 a2 ot 25 e4 xf2+ 26
f2 e4 27 fJ f8 28 2 6
j and not W W W f5 on Which White
Wou1d tep1y 2 f1 saving the
exchange| 2 eI j if 2 f1
xfJ| AeI J0 xe1 4+ JI h4
VfJ+ J2 I f4, Winning the
queen ot Oating . )
254 4 4 AfJ | |
( ete is the outcoOe of events ,
Which 61ack Oust undoubted1y have
foteseen When Oaking his 24th
Oove. 61ack cou1d give up the
queen in a diffetent Way : 25. .
J 26 I AfJ 27 6+ j 27 xfJ
4 28 AcJ J+ etc .| 27 M W f7
28 xd4 Ad4 2 xfJ Ab2 , hoW
evet, the Way chosen by hiO is
Oote effective , since it keeps
Oote pieces on the boatd, Which
is to 61ack ' s advantage. )
26 w6+ O7 27 Ad4 AhI 28 J
f5 2 5 e8 J0 f4
( White is Oated beautifu11y aftet
J0 f4 xe5 JI fxe5 J Oate .
61ack has a Oatetia1 and posit-
iona1 advantage , and, of coutse ,
not ust one Way to victoty .
Thete is an effective Win aftet
J04 4 4 4 JI 2 xe2| J2 &e2
4+ JJ &J xf4, ot JJ &J 2+
jChigotin continues the vatiation
J4 &J| xaI J5 &I xf4 J6 whI
IxbJ J7 axbJ xf2 J8 OI
( thteatening &J+ ) 8 J &4,
When "61ack cettain1y Oust Win,
but the text Oove seeOed to Oe to
be Oote decisive . " |
( Chigotin chooses a no 1ess
cottect Way, at the saOe tiOe
taking his bishop out of the
cotnet. )
J04 4 4| JI J+ 4 J2 d4
xf4 JJ fJ
( The paWn cannot be taken at once
JJ a7 g4 J4 fJ J+ J5 2
g5 fo11oWed by W W W 5+ jChig-
otin ' s vatiation| . )
JJ. . . f8 J4 a7 c5 | J5 7
j I f J5 aJ , the tep1y Wou1d be
. . . 46 and the gaOe does not
change Ouch ftoO the text contin-
uation, and if J5 1 , thete
Wou1d fo11oW J5. . . 6 J6 7 ot
b6 4 ot e5 and 61ack Wi11 Win
easi1y by taking the f-paWn With
the knight ot With the bishop . |
J5+ w 4 6 | J6 aJ xfJ+ | J7 xfJ
xfJ+ J8 I
j I f J8 &2 4+ and 4 4 + f1 Oate ,
Whi1e J8 2 Wou1d 1ose the queen
by . . . f7+e ]
J8W W M 2 |
j 61ack ' s 1ast Oove thteatens to
Win the queen by J . J+ 40 2
f7+ . White an save his queen
on1y by J O6, but then fo11oWs
Jo n J+ and 4 f5+ With a Oate
in five Ooves at Oost . If J h4
4 and Wins the queen ot Oates
in a feW Ooves . Thete teOains
on1y one defence , Which 1eads to
an intetesting en to the gaOe
J J J+ 40 2 f5+ 4I J
5+ 42 4 ( if 42 4 f5+ 4
J xh4 44 &h4, 61ack Oates in
tWo Ooves) 5+ 4J &h5 g5 || and,
in otdet to de1ay the Oate fot a
Oove , White is fotced to take
II6
this pawn with the queen. This
Oating position is vety tate in
an actua1 gaOe : aftet 44 weJ $6
Oate , with the exception of the
c-pawn, a11 61ack ' s pieces and
pawns ate needed to execute the
Oate . |
0-I
( Such an abundance of exc1aOat-
ion Oatks at the end, when the
tesu1t of the gaOe was c1eat , is
no Oete coincidence - 61ack ' s way
of tea1ising his advantage was
vety e1egant . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin ( )
and Chigotin j | . |
J0 Consu1tants - Chigotin
( avana I8I )
ueen ' s awn
I d4 d5 2 OfJ $4 J c4 |
( The Oost 1ogica1 tep1y. Without
this Oove , White cannot teckon on
achieving Ouch . The exchange J+ . .
4 gxfJ is not to be feated
since White ' s position in the
centte is sttengthened. )
J N M e6
( The natuta1 tep1y, but a1so
possib1e is J. . . 46 , ttansposing
into the Chigotin 0efence . )
4 O5 f5 5 4J
( Now 61ack Oanages to fitO1y te-
infotce the d5 pawn and ftee his
queen fot defence of the b7 pawn.
Thetefote Oote accutate wou1d be
an iOOediate 5 OJ , fotcing 61ack
to the weakening 5. . . 46 | 6 Oxc6
j6 wb7 Oxd4 7 eJ 8 | 8 wa7
42+ &2 O7| 6. . . bxc6, whi1e
aftet 7 4J , ptobab1y he Oust
sti11 p1ay a gaObit by 7. . . Of6 8
O7 8 w6+ 7 I0 wd7+ &d7
I I eJ O4 , with high1y ptob1eO
atica1 coOpensation fot the
pawn. )
5. . . c6 6 OJ
( ow shou1d 61ack defend the b7
pawn? The obvious tep1y , 6. . . b6 ,
cou1d 1ead to difficu1ties in
deve1oping his queen 's f1ank ,
since the O8 wi11 be tied to the
defence of the c6 pawn. The Oove
6. . . 8 is too passive and wou1d
a11ow White to a1so cteate
thteats to the d5 pawn aftet $5
and ac . )
6e + e O6
(Chigotin points out the possib-
i1ity of dtiving the knight away
ftoO the centte with 6. . . f6 ,
based on the tactica1 considetat
ion 7 wb7 fxe5 8 wa8 exd4 OI
4+ fo11owed by . . . 7 , Of6 and
0-0, but aftet 7 OfJ it tutns out
that the advance of the f-pawn
has taken away a vety good squate
ftoO the 8 and sti11 1eaves hiO
the wotty ovet the b7 pawn. So ,
aftet a11 , he sti11 has to p1ay
7 4 + O6 8 c5 wbJ .)
7 c5 wbJ
( Taking into account 61ack ' s
\
gtowing difficu1ties atising ftoO
the open a-fi1e , and a1so the
teOova1 of the pawn tension in
the centte , it is wotth exaOining
the consequences of the Oanoeuvte
II7
7. . 7 8 4 8 . In such a
c1osed position, White ' s advant
age in deve1opOent is iatetia1 .
owevet , if White had begun to
open the gaOe : g4 g6 I0 h4 f6
II xg6 hxg6 I2 e4|, 61ack wou1d
have expetienced Oote difficu1t-
ies . )
8 axbJ f6 OfJ 6
( 61ack ' s difficu1ties do not dis
appeat with the exchange of
queens . White ' s ptincipa1 thteat
is not the Oanoeuvte 4J-a4-b6
j tefuted by any Oove of the 8|
but the tunning of both his
b-pawns to the b5 squate . The
othet Oove to bting out the took
ftoO a8 is a1so insufficient fot
61ack : . . . O7 I0 b4 a6 I I b5 |
atd1y satisfactoty is the
sttonget I0. . . e5 I I b5 7 |
since , aftet I2 eJ g4, White
succeeds in te-fotOing by IJ d2 |
Of5 I4 J , and seizes the init-
iative thanks to the sttong
thteats of 5 , ot hJ and g4 .
Chigotin endeavouts to e1iOinate
White ' s thteat . Mote than this,
he intends the aggtessive Oan-
oeuvte . . . 4-c2 .)
I0 4
( White cou1d have set 61ack new
ptob1eOs with the enetgetic I0
e4| Taking the pawn wou1d be bad:
I0. . dxe4 II a6 bxa6 I2 4 |
0-0-0 IJ xa6 , since it 1eads to
a setious weakening of the pawns ,
fot exaOp1e: IJ 4 xd4 I4 xf5
exf5 I5 AJ, and then i f I5. . . 4
I6 xc6+ 7 I7 &6 . Thete
teOains on1y I0. . . 4 II 4 |
42+ I 2 I dxe4 IJ O2 Oxd4
j IJW M W eJ? I4 Oe4 | e4 I5 Oxe4
f5 I6 &c2 | | I4 xd4 A5 I5 4
f2 I6 cxe4 e4 I7 xe4
0-0-0+ | I8 2 6 I b4 7 .
61ack has a sufficient pawn equi-
va1ent fot the piece, but soOe
initiative teOains with White . )
I0. . . 4? |
( Chigotin begins a tisky expeti-
Oent . The quiet continuation
I0. . . 47 II f4 0-0-0 I2 4J a6
IJ a4 &8 | I4 6+ 8 | wou1d
have tetained the tension of the
position in the centte and on the
king ' s f1ank .)
I I I 42 I2 a2 e5
(ftet I2. . . 4, White cou1d not
avoid the dtaw. In the event of
I J aJ 2 I4 6? xaJ I5 xa8
5 I6 f4 e5 | I7 dxe5 c5 I8 eJ
a6 I exf6 xf6 20 b5 axb5 2I
d4 97 22 &2 &7 , 61ack 's ad-
vantage is indisputab1e . owevet ,
61ack Oakes an atteOpt to fotcib-
1y upset the natuta1 otdet of
events, appatent1y ttusting in
the diffetence in c1ass of p1ay . )
IJ6 |
( 0f coutse not IJ dxe5 fxe5 I4
xe5 , since "aftet I4. . . f6 ,
61ack , thteatening . . . 4, ob-
tains a sttong attack fot the
sactificed pawn. " jChigotin| 6ut
a1so IJ eJ 6 I4 hJ wou1d be
quite so1id. )
I J . . .
II8
( Now on IJ. . . O4 wou1d fo11ow I4
4. )
I4 xa7 exd4 I5 4
( White considets that this knight
has done its business by he1ping
the took to bteak thtough to a7,
and now defends the c5 pawn. e
a1so has at his disposa1 such
teOpting continuations as I5 4
4 I6 fJ c5 I7 fxe4 OJ+ I8
eJ dxeJ I b7 dxe4+ 20 I
b6 2I xb6 O7 22 g4, ot I5 b4 |
6 jI5. . . xb4 I6 xd4 c5 I7
xf5 , ot I5. . . g5 I6 2| I6 hJ |
xb4 I7 h6 gxh6 I8 xd4 c5 I
xf5 8 | 20 4 8 | 2I eJ 7
22 xd5+ .)
I5. . . g5 |
(t the cost of a pawn 61ack
wants to safeguatd his f5 , and
theteby a1so the 2 . White Oust
take the pawn, since the f4
squate is taken away ftoO the
White bishop and , on I6 b4, poss-
ib1e is I6. . . 6 I7 hJ 8 . )
I6 xb7 6 I7 hJ 4 I8 2 f5
difficu1t . It is obvious that
White s extta pawn is of second-
aty iOpottance , whi1e the outcoOe
of the gaOe depends 1atge1y on
whethet it is possib1e to suppott
the knight on the c2 squate . The
Oove I g4 seeOs to give White a
favoutab1e tep1y to both these
questions . In any case, in the
vatiation IM M W 7 20 h4 | O6
j20. . . gxh4 2I g5 | 2I hxg5 xc5
j 21. . . fxg5 22 xg5 | | 22 xc5 c5
2J gxf6 8 24 5 1+ 25 1 ,
the 7 , with he1p ftoO the 5
and the f6 pawn, begins to 1ook
thteatening. 1so favoutab1e fot
White seeOs the continuation
I. . . 4 20 xh4 h1 2I f5 4
22 J $6 2J f5 f5 24 gxf5 ,
fot exaOp1e 24. . . dJ 25 eJ d4 26
e4 fo11owed by dJ. owevet,
aftet the patadoxica1 24 . . I ||
it becoOes c1eat that White needs
to countet the thteats of
25. . . 8 and 26. . . xbJ . In the
vatiation 25 eJ dxeJ 26 eJ 7
j26. . . d4 wou1d tevita1ise the
f1 whi1e 26 . 7 is dangetous
because of 27 6 7 28 2 h5
2 1 a7 J0 1 | 27 b4, atise
puzz1ing coOp1ications in which
White has quite good chances . 6y
not exp1oiting this oppottunity ,
he once and fot a11 1ets the in-
itiative s1ip . )
I e1? I |
( White s pieces , standing on the
( The exttaotdinaty position of fitst tank , 1ack Oobi1ity and it
the pieces Oakes an eva1uation is c1eat1y not in 61ack ' s intet-
II
est to exchange any of theO . )
20 gI 8 |
( The deep signficance of the
Oove I. . . 1 becoOes c1eat . The
tes1t 1ies not so Och in winn-
ing a pawn aftet . . . OxbJ and xa4
as in the sbseqent invasion of
the 61ack took on a1 . )
2I g4
( The Of5 Ost be dtiven back ,
thogh it ttansfets via g7 to the
sp1endid e6 sqate . Chigotin
pointed ot a beatif1 vatiation
in the event of the soOewhat
"coopetative" 2I fJ . Then 2I. . .
1 22 O6 2 j it seeOs that
this is not chess bt the faOi1-
iat chi1dtens gaOe of "hde and
seek" - and even hete 61ack is
c1eat1y sccessf1 | | 2J I OxbJ+
24 b1 1+ 25 2 Oxd2 26 d2
J with an navoidab1e Oate by
d1 )
2I. . . 7
( 61ack has achieved a gteat dea1 .
is knight , petched on a1 , is
sti11 not thteatened wth danget .
Mote than this , it poses an n-
p1easant thteat to the bJ pawn.
The bishop on e4 occpies a
sttong position, and indeed a1so
the 8 is teady to entet the
gaOe . owevet , hs king s f1ank
is sti11 not deve1oped and wth-
ot its he1p it is diffic1t to
cteate decsive thteats . Chgotin
consdeted that "White` s gaOe is
not good becase of the weak
pawns on bJ and c5" bt exaOned
on1y 22 gJ 6 2J J dJ 24
xdJ jot 24 exdJ c5 | c5 , ot
2JO6 a2 24 AI h5 25 b4 j if 25
gxh5 f5 and then . . . f4| hxg4 26
hxg4 1 27 $2 g2 28 xg2 OJ,
in both cases with a c1eat advan-
tage fot 61ack .
The gteatest diffic1ty in deve1-
oping 61acks initiative atises
i f Whte wete to coObine the
endeavot to Oobi1se his s1Ob-
eting kings f1ank with the
sttgg1e fot the centte sqates .
The Oanoevte 22 fJ g6| 2J e4 |
Oeets these teqiteOents 61ack
cannot p1ay 2J. . . dxe4 becase of
24 fxe4 e4 25 A4, and Ost
take the path 2J. . . dxeJ 24 eJ .
11 the saOe , aftet 24. . . 4bJ 25
xbJ xa4 26 9J 6 | 61ack takes
ovet the initiative , snce it is
diffic1t fot Whte to find a
tationa1 p1an to deve1op his
pieces . ftet 27 f5 xf5 28 gxf5
7 2 f4, the siOp1e 2. . . h6 is
sttong , whi1e 27 8+ 7 28 b4
is tefted by the effective 28. . .
c5 | 2 xh8 eJ. )
22 O6 a2 2J O7
( White hopes not on1y to defend
the c5 pawn, bt a1so to cteate
thteats to the f6 pawn. 6t 4 4 )
2J. . . A7 |
( vety sttong Oove , eOphasising
the ettoneosness of the Oan-
oevte 4-b6d7 . ftet 24 8+
d7 25 xh8 , a11 White s pieces
ate bad1y p1aced and, in the
OeantiOe, the 61ack took has
I20
broken through on a2 and the 7
haOpers the White rook . )
24 J?
( White is too subOissive in giv-
ing up his position 24 AI wou1d
be Oore tenacious . )
24. . . xb2 25 g2 6 26 e4
( White has no usefu1 Ooves . )
26. . . dxe4 27 b4 8 28 7 1+
2 AI J
( The win of a piece by 2. . . dJ J0
4dJ exdJ JI xdJ J J2 2
xc1+ j J2. . . Oxc1? JJ &J | | JJ
bJ, wou1d soOewhat revita1ise
White ' s pieces . )
J0 xbJ xbJ JI 42
( 6y giving up the exchange, White
has rid hiOse1f of his inactive
pieces and intends to transfer
the knight to the threatening f5
position. 61ack Oust so1ve the
prob1eO of the 8 . e does not
choose the obvious J1. . . h5 be-
cause of J2 gxh5 j J2 4d4 hxg4|
JJOxbJ gxhJ| J2. . . dJ JJ O4|
dxe2+ J4 e2 J J5 Of5 . Chig-
orin finds a way : he 1ikewise
gives up the inactive rook for a
Oinor piece, but in addition wins
a pawn and exchanges near Jy a11
the pieces . s a resu1t , the coO-
p1ex Oidd1egaOe position is con-
verted to a technica11y winning
endgaOe )
JI .. . dJ J2 4 xb4 JJ Of5 7 |
J4 Oxf6+ | &7 J5 xb7 4b7 J6
Oxe7
(
tI
I f J6 4e4, then J6. . . Oxc5 and
I2I
the passed c-pawn, together with
the exchange , decides the gaOe .

Chigorin. )
J6. . &f6 | J7 2+ e7 J8 h8
Oxc5
( Chigorin has ca1cu1ated precise-
1y the consequences of the eight
Oove coObination. The extra pass-
ed pawn and the weakness of the
hJ pawn guarantees 61ack an un-
coOp1icated win. robab1y White
cou1d ho1d out 1ongest by J 94
O6 40 AJ dxe2+ 4I e2 , so as ,
on the natura1 41. . . Of4+ , to con-
tinue 42 2 OxhJ j42. . . 6 4J
h4| 4J J fo11owed by 4 . ow-
ever , after 4I. . . 6 42 fJ 5 ,
fo11owed by . . . Of4, 61ack wou1d
win a second pawn. The variation
J exdJ exdJ 40 2O4+ 4I dJ
Oxf2+ fo11owed by 42. . . 4hJ is
a1so bad for White . )
J eJ
( White decides to prevent the
transfer of the knight to f4, but
now 61ack has two strong passed
pawns , whi1st it is a1so possib1e
to attack the hJ pawn froO an-
other square . )
J. . . OJ 40 AJ c5 4I 1 6 42
I c4 4J 1 4I 44 2 2 45
4 I 46 J 5 0-I
( n exceptiona11y puzz1ing and
unstereotyped gaOe . The depth and
origina1ity of Chigorins ideas
is aOazing . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin
( ) . |
JI Chigotin - Steinitz
( 1st Match 0aOe , avana I82)
Evans 0aObit
I e4 e5 2 fJ 6 J 4 5 4 b4
Ab4 5 cJ 95 6 0-0
( 6 d4 seeOs Oote accutate than
cast1ing , since aftet 6. . . d6 7
OJ, 61ack cannot get into the
defence . . . 6 , suggested by
Lasket . 6ut when this gaOe was
p1ayed, Lasket had on1y ust
begun his chess cateet . )
6. . . d6
( The fitst Oota1 victoty fot
Chigotin. Though stubbotn in his
convictions j and de1usions| ,
Steinitz teects the systeO of
defence invented by hiO, 6. . . &6 ,
which up to now he had tegu1at1y
p1ayed in gaOes with Chigotin
j see Chigotin-Steinitz , Te1egtaph
0aOe I80 I | . )
7 d4 g4
j It is we11 known that this Oove ,
aftet the exchange of pawns
j 4 exd4, cxd4 | , haOpets 61ack ' s
defence , fotcing hiO to fotfeit
cast1ing aftet 5 , 8 . 6y p1ay-
ing the Oove . . . 4 befote the
exchange of pawns , Steinitz aiOs
to ptevent White suppotting his
pawn centte with the deve1opOent
of the knight to cJ , this he act-
ua11y achieves, but the 1 p1ays
a not uniOpottant , even a Oote
significant to1e by ttansfetting
to c4 via aJ . |
( Steinitz endeavouts to fight fot
the e5 squate . The toOantic Evans
0aObit disappeated ftoO Chig-
otin ' s opening tepettoite shott1y
aftet the appeatance in I85 of
Lasket ' s defence 7. . . 6 . gainst
this , Chigotin cou1d not find a
teinfotceOent of the attack fot
White and suffeted two painfu1
defeats :
Chigotin-Lasket I85 , 7. . . 6 8
a4 j bettet is 8 dxe5 and J|
f6 5 a6 I0 Ac6+ bxc6 I I a5
97 I2 dxe5 xe4 IJ w2 d5 I4 4
xcJ I5 xcJ Ad4 I 6 OJ c5 I7
J 6 I8 g5 O7 I c1 f6 20
exf6 gxf6 2I f4 g8 22 &J 0-0-0
2J fe1 c4 24 w2 f5 25 2
xg2+ 26 OI xf2 0-I .
Chigotin-i11sbuty I8: 7. . . 6
8 dxe5 dxe5 d8+ xd8 I0 xe5
6 I I 2 7 I2 9J f6 IJ J
, with a good gaOe fot 61ack . )
8 5 exd4 cxd4
( White fotces a favoutab1e ex-
change due to the thteat of d5 .
It is ttue that , with the depatt-
ute of the bishop to b5 , the
thteats against the f7 pawn ate
weakened . )
j In a gaOe ftoO a cottespondence
toutnaOent p1ayed in I8} I00,
Chigotin continued hete 4,
and aftet . . . AcJ I0 xcJ dxcJ
I I Ac6+ bxc6 I2 c6+ 7 IJ
cJ f6 I4 4 7 I5 4 , ob-
tained an exce11ent gaOe , 61ack
tesigned on the J0th Oove . |
. . 7 I0 2
( White Oaintains an e1astic pawn
centte and coOp1etes his deve1op-
I22
Oent "The p1an of attack With
the Oove d5 and a 1atet e5 seeOs
pteOatute to Oe , even With a pte-
1iOinaty O4 to defend the 5 . "
Chigotin. )
I04 o + e7
( questionab1e decision. 61ack
fa11s behind in deve1opOent . In
subsequent gaOes of the Oatch,
Steinitz iOptoved the defence and
p1ayed I0 . . Of6 .)
II d7+ d7
The "ptophets" ptedicted that
White ' s attack Wou1d end With the
exchange of bishops , Wheteas
aftet White ' s I2th and IJth Ooves
it is in fact on1y beginning. |
I2J| 6 IJ44 6 I4 a4 |
( The thteat of I5 a5 fotces 61ack
to advance his c7 paWn, since
I4. . . a6 is c1eat1y bad because of
I5 OJ| , ot I4. . . a5 because of I5
4b6 cxb6 I6 OJ 8 I7 d5 With
an enotOous posi tiona1 advantage
fot White . The advance of the c7
paWn 1eads to a Weakening of the
d6 squate, Which Chigotin ex-
p1oits With exceptiona1 ski11 . )
I4. . . c6 I5 e5
ossib1e is I5 d5 0-0 I6 Oxb6
axb6 I7 4 f6 I8 b6 cxd5 I
exd5 ( I. . . Oxd5 20 J), but With
the tecovety of the paWn White ' s
attack is Weakened |
I5. . . d5
( The Weakness of the d6 squate
gives White a gteat advantage
a1so in the event of an exchange
of queens I5 . . dxe5 I6 dxe5 |
dI I7 xdI 0-0 I8 d7 . ftet
I5 . . A7 , 61ack is desttoyed by
the pin on the efi1e I6 exd6
d6 I7 Oxd6+ d6 I8 9J and I
eI . )
I6O6+ 8 I7 9J 8 I8 1 |
( subt1e Oove , p1acing 61ack in
a ctitica1 position. White not
on1y thteatens the Ooves a5 ot
e6 , but a1so gains tiOe fot the
ttansfet of the took via bJ to
the king ' s f1ank . 61ack Oight be
ab1e to ho1d the position hete by
p1aying I8. . . 8 , Wheteas I8. . .
8 Wou1d 1ose aftet I a5 | 4d6
20 exd6 a5 2I O5 8 22 d7 j 22
O5 f6 2J d7 8 24 xb7 | fxe5 25
dxe5 and White ' s paWns decide the
gaOe . Chigotin| 7 2J 5 6
24 7 etc .
The Oove Oade by Steinitz not
on1y does not ptevent White ' s
idea, but Weakens the f7 squate ,
a11oWing Chigotin to shatp1y
change the chatactet of the p1ay
With a ditect attack on the 61ack
king . )
I84 o 4 f5
I2J
I Oxf7 |
( 0f coutse , a1so I a5 1eads to
an ovetwhe1Oing advantage fot
White , and Chigotin undoubtedy
saw this - a11 White` s ptevious
p1ay was based on the thteat of
a5. 6ut such a gteat attist can-
not 1et pass a coObinative and
fotcing decision in the posit-
ion . )
I. . . &f7 20 e6+ &e6 2I O5 8
( Lasket in his "Manua1 of Chess"
j4th edition | , Oaintained that
Chigotin s coObination was in-
sufficient1y cottect and that I
a5 was the on1y tight Oove in the
position . e indicated that
Steinitz cou1d tepu1se the attack
by tetteating the queen to e8,
fot exaOp1e , 2I. . . 8 22 1 6
2J g4 h5 24 Ae7+ e7 25 gxf5
ae8 264+ hxg4 27 xe7 xe7 28
g4 6 etc .)
j owevet , instead of 25 gxf5? ,
0tekov , in his IJ book on Chig-
otin, pointed out that White
cou1d p1ay fat sttonget , i . e . 25
g5+ | &g5 26 O2+ 6 27 h4 | 4h4
( ot 27. . . g6 28 5+ 7 2 g6+
8 J0 f5+ 8 JI 6 etc . ) 28
4+ Of5 2 4+ hxg4 J0 e7
&e7 JI 5+ | ( Wotse is an ied-
iate JI f5 since then 61ack , by
continuing JI . . . f8 J2 5+
| , inttoduces into p1ay the
second took, succeeds in wa1king
ay with the king to the queen s
f1ank and en obtains countet-
p1ay ftet . . . A7 . ) JI. . J2
f5 . Lasket hiOse1f acknow1edged
the cottectness of this tefutat-
ion in the 5th edition of his
Manua1 . |
( 0n1y in I48 , when an ana1ysis
by 0 . Setzhanov was pub1ished in
the Oagazine "Chess in the SSH"
j No . J | , in which a fotced win fot
ite was shown aftet 2J Ae7+ |
4e7 j 2J. . . e7 24 4+ | 24 J+
6 j if 24. . . 5 , then 25 h4+
etc .| 25 Of7+ 7 26 4+ W7 27
&4+ 7 j 27. . . 8 28 O6+ | 28
O6+ 8 2 e7 , was the debate
put to an end . It is wotth Oent-
ioning that 6ogo1ubov , in his
book on Chigotin pub1ished in
I26 , indicated that 2. . 8 was
bad because of 22 Ae7+ . )
j Though Lasket s "Manua1" was
ptinted in Oany thousands of
copies and taught count1ess nuO-
bets of chessp1ayets , the fitst
tefutation of Lasket` s vatiation
was found on1y ten yeats aftet
its pub1ication, and the second,
Oote siOp1e tefutation aftet an-
othet ten yeats . ow s1ow is the
bitth of ttuth in chess ana1ysis |
0tekov . |
22 el 6 2J O5 | g6
( White cou1d avett the Oate j 24
4| a1so with the Oove 2J. . . 6 ,
but then 24 g4 decides the gaOe
due to the tettib1e thteat of
g5+ . )
24 Ae7+ &e7
( e cou1d not take with the
knight because of 25 O4+ g5 26
I2
4+ &7 27 g5 and White wins
easi1y , since i f 27. . . 8 thete
is a Oate in two Ooves . )
25 xg6+ 6 26 xh8
( The outcoOe of the gaOe is a1
teady decided. 0vet the next few
Ooves , the 61ack king, deptived
of pawn covet , is pounced upon by
the heavy pieces and his on1y
defence is the f5 . Since 26. . .
h8 1oses at once aftet 27 5
8 28 g4, 61ack Oust choose bet
ween 26. . . 7 j 27 J | h8 28
fJ g8 2 e5 g5 J0 O6+ g6 JI
f5+ f5 J2 &8+| and 26. . Ad4
but in both cases White ' s fina1
attack is decisive . )
26. . d4 2 J 7 28 fJ xh8
2 g4 g8 J0 O6+ g6 JI f5+
I0
(ftet JI . . . f5 J2 &8+ , 61ack
1oses his queen. This gaOe is one
of the Oost ce1ebtated Oastet-
pieces of chess att . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin ( )
and Chigotin0tekov j | . |
J2 Steinitz - Chigotin
( I2th Match 0aOe , avana I82)
Two Knights 0efence
I e4 e5 2 fJ 6 J 4 f6 4 5
d5 5 exd5 a5 6 5+ c6 7 dxc6
bxc6 8 A2 h6 J
( Steinitz p1ayed this Oove sevet-
a1 tiOes in gaOes with Chigotin,
but without success . The idea of
i t is siOp1e the exchange of the
8 weakens 61ack ' s attacking
potentia1 , whi1e White ' s two
bishops defend the pawn weakness-
es on the king ' s f1ank . In addit-
ion, the white squated bishop
cou1d be used to thteaten the c6
pawn ftoO fJ ot g2 . In Oodetn
tiOes , ischet has shown the
viabi1ity of Steinitz ' idea . )
. . . 5 |
( 0f coutse , 61ack shou1d not
hutty with the exchange of the
J . )
I0 0-0|
j In the te1egtaph gaOe , Steinitz
p1ayed hete I0 dJ . |
I0. . . 0-0 I I cJ
( This Oove has Oote dtawbacks
than assets . White takes away a
good squate fot his knight and
the 61ack knight is dtiven away
to a Oote fottunate position.
ischet tevita1ised Steinitz '
systeO by Oaking the Oote usefu1
Oove I I dJ | e p1ayed this Oove
against 6isguiet in I6J II. . .
hJ I2 gxhJ 7 I JJ | hJ I4
2 ad8 I5 g2 &5 I6 wI fe8
I7 4| and White gtadua1 y took
ovet the initiative . In I6 , the
position aftet II dJ was again
Oet in the gaOe 1atonov0e11et ,
in which 61ack a1so was not ab1e
to cope with a siOi1at p1an
I I . . . 5 I2 J xcJ IJ bxcJ O4
I4 OI AhJ I5 gxhJ hJ I6 fJ
6 I7 2 O4 I8 J with a
c1eat positiona1 advantage fot
White . )
I I . . . 7 I2 4
( The idea of White ' s ptevious
I25
Oove becoOes c1eat , Steinitz in-
tends to ttansfet the queen via
a4 to h4 jWhete it Wi11 defend
the king ' s flank against the
attack . . . hJ fo11oWed by 5
and O4| and he consistent1y
catties out his p1an. 1so des-
etving attention hete is I2 dJ ,
ot even I2 d4 exd4 IJ Of4 With an
equa1 gaOe . )
I2. . . hJ IJ gxhJ 6 |
( White ' s hJ paWn is easy to def-
end and so Chigotin teftains ftoO
the attack by IJ. . . 7 and in-
tends to ttansfet the bishop to
c7 . )
I4 dJ 5 I5 9fJ
( White begins to expetience diff-
icu1ties With the deve1opOent of
his pieces on the queen ' s f1ank ,
Wheteas 61ack has vatious possib-
i1ities of sttengthening his pos-
ition. )
j In the "0eutsche Schachzeitung"
it is stated that Steinitz con-
sideted this Oove a Oistake .
ctua11y, Steinitz teOatked , "
Weak Oove . at bettet Wou1d be I5
d1 fo11oWed by 2 " nd a1so I7
OfI adds the "0eutsche Schach-
zeitung" . f coutse the tetO
"Weak" and "Oistaken" Oove ate
not one and the saOe . Thus , in
the ptesent exaOp1e, aftet I5 I
f5, the Oove I6 2 indicated by
Steinitz and the "0eutsche
Schachzeitung" can be consideted
a "Oistake" because they ovet1ook
the tep1y I6. . . Of4 j With the
I26
thteat . . . 6+ | aftet Which 61ack
Wins the hJ and f2 paWns . Stein-
itz ftequent1y Oakes such Oist-
akes in annotations - but not in
the actua1 gaOe .
I5. . 6
j In otdet to ttansfet the bishop
to c7 , so as to a1so attack the
h2 squate . |
I6 O4 A7 I 7 I f5
(61ack does not hutty With the
Oove . . e4, and sttengthens his
position sti11 futthet . Steinitz
does not Want to a11oW the open-
ing of the f-fi1e j fot exaOp1e in
the vatiation I8 J e4 | I 2
h2+ 20 I f4 | 2I e4 OJ+ 22
eJ fxeJ| and exchanges the 9fJ .
oWevet , noW 61ack fotOs a poWet-
fu1 paWn centte and the attack
does not cease . )
I8 d5+ cxd5 IO2 f6 20 I
(n adOission of fai1ute . It
Wou1d be Oote 1ogica1 to conc1ude
the Oanoeuvte of the knight by
p1acing it on fJ . White ' s posit-
ion, it is ttue, teOains extteOe-
1y difficu1t . Chigotin indicated
this p1an of attack - 20 Of1 f4| ,
e . g . 2I fJ? 6+ 22 OI e4| 2J
dxe4 6 24 O2 dxe4 25 fxe4 45
and White cannot untave1 his
tang1ed pieces Without 1oss . )
20. . . e4 2I d4
j White cannot save the gaOe , if
2I J , then 2I. . h2 ( ot a pte-
1iOinaty . . . 8) 22 dxe4 fxe4 2J
AJ $J . |
2I . . . 6 |
( "61ack conducts the attack ad-
Oitab1y . e noW thteaten . . . O6+
ot e1se h2 fo11oWed by . . . 1+
and$J . " Steinitz .)
22 5 g5|
( Conc1uding the sttugg1e , since
the queen not on1y cannot tetteat
to e2 - 2J w2 I+ | - but Oust
a1so in geneta1 1et the e2 squate
"out of sight" )
2J 4 O6+ 24 c4 dxc4 25 f4 cJ+
26 &2 eJ+ 0I
( In this gaOe , Steinitz suffeted
a tettib1e defeat in a ptincipa1
cteative atguOent . Many encount-
ets betWeen Chigotin and Steinitz
passed in tense coObat and theit
nob1 tva1ty has a Wotthy p1ace
in chess histoty . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin ( )
and Chigotin j | . |
JJ Chigotin - Steinitz
( Ith Match 0aOe , avana I82)
Scotch 0aOe
I e4 e5 2 OfJ 46 J d4 exd4 4
Oxd4 4
( ety ftequent1y p1ayed b Stein-
I27
itz . oWevet , fot the Oost patt ,
it is not favoutab1e at such an
eat1y stage of the opening to
p1ay out the queen, in otdet to
Win a paWn. )
5 5
( This paWn sactifice Was tecoOO-
ended by otWitz and is consid-
eted the sttongest continuation. )
5. . . e4+ 6 AJ
( 1so Wotthy of attention is 6
A2 4+ 7 2 &8 | 8 00 Ad2
Oxd2 &4 - 61ack has a paWn, but
a difficu1t position . )
6+ + o &8
( Necessaty . n 6. . . 4+ cou1d
fo11oW 7 cJ 95 8 O2 w7 44
d6 I0 O4 | 6 II xd6+ With ad-
vantage to White , as in the gaOe
. au1sen-Meitnet , ienna I882 . )
7 O1cJ w5
( Hosentha1 p1ayed the siOp1et
7 + + 6 , in otdet to Oeet 8 O5
With 8. . . 4 | )
8 Od5 Of6 |
( 6est . 8. . . 6 4d6 d6 Wou1d
give 61ack a ctaOped gaOe , and
8. . . b2? Wou1d be unfavoutab1e
because of cJ , shutting in the
queen. )
xc7 6 |
( ety otigina11y p1ayed . ftet
. . . Oxd5 I0Oxd5 b2 J1 I a2
I2 A2 and White has a sttong
attack . )
I0 f4( | )
( thetWise he gets nothing . )
I0. . . w4
(SiOp1et is I0. . . b2 , and if J1
I then I I .4 o a2 j if II . . . OJ ,
then I2 O5| I2 aI 2 and White
Oust be contented With a dtaW by
tepetition of Ooves , since , aftet
IJ 4, 61ack , by IJ+ o 4 c7 I4
2 xd5 | I5 xb2 xeJ etc .
Wou1d obtain too gteat a Oatetia1
advantage , IikeWise aIso aftet
IJ xf6 c7 I4 5 O4| 6Iack
Oust Win . )
I I J g2 I2 gI h2
( Not good, since the queen is at
once subected to thteats . It
WouId be considetabIy Oote diffi-
cuIt to caIcu1ate the consequen-
ces of the Oove I2. . . J | , e . g .
I J9fI | j i f IJ J then IJ. . .
h2 | I4 fJ 5 and 61ack Oust
Win| wh2 I4 2 j I4 J is bad
because of 4 xd5 , and I4 xa8
is bad because of M M 8| J |
and both sides Oust be satisfied
With a dtaW by tepetition of
Ooves : I5 gI 2 etc. )
IJ J xd5 I4 xd5
( Hisky and not good WouId be I4
I h1+ I5 hI xeJ j ot I5. . .
xc7| I6 xa8 f4 etc . , With a
sttong attack fot 6Iack . )
I4. . . 6 I5 0-0-0 f5
j White thteatened I6 f5. I f I5. .
g6 , then I6 f5 8 I 7$5+ A7 I 8
xe7 xe7 I fxg6 fxg6 20 wf8+
xf8 2I eI 8 22 xe7 xe7 2J
I and White Wins . |
I6 f5 g6 I7f6 ( )
( ete, Chigotin bettays his gen-
ius fot attack | e Ooves aWay his
exceIIent1y posted knight , in
I28
otdet to exchange i t. With I7 J
jot I7 A4| fo11oWed by I8 f5 and
I $5 , he WouId Win iediateIy .
Even I7 g6 hxg6 I8 f5 etc .
WouId Win easi1y . )
I 7. . . 8( | )
( Infetiot Wou1d be I7. . . gxf5 I8
xd6 f8 I 5 h5 j Ie o xf6
20 wh6| 20 xh5 and Wins . )
I8 d7( )
( gain Weak | With I8 4 A7 I
J etc . , White Wou1d tetain a
stong attack . )
I8. . . wf6 I c6 7 | 20 A4 f8
2I gfJ 7( | ) 22 dJ
( Wotthy of note hete is 22 b7
8 2J xd6 | wd6 24 I 4| 25
xd7+ d7 26 6+ &8 27 5+
7 | 28 6+ etc . With a dtaW . )
22. . . 6
( 6est If 22. . . e8 then 2J fdI
6 24 f5 | gxf5 25 b 7 | and
Wins , of coutse , not 25 xd6 be-
cause of 25. . . xd6 , and if 26
9f4 fxe4 27 xd6 j 27 J+ cJ
28 d6+ etc . WouId stiI1
sIight dtaWing chances .|
27. . . wf4+ and Wins . )
2J c6
1eave
then
( 0esetving attention is 2J J
4 24 4 a5 25 cJ A7 With an
apptoxiOate1y equaI gaOe . )
2J. . . bxc6
diagtaO
24 2 |
( n 24 fdI 6lack achieves an
equa1 gaOe . )
24. . . 5
j n 24 . a5 Wou1d have fo11oWed
25 J| ( 1 ) 25 . f4+ 26 f4
Af4+ ( if 26. . . xf4, then 27
fdI | and White Wins) 27 xf4
xf4 28 A5+ etc , ( 2 ) 25. . &7 26
xd6 | d6 27 A5+ &7 28 c6
w6 ( ot 28 . . fd8 2 5+ &8 J0
1 and White Wins) 2 7+ 7
J0 96+ | and White Wins |
(Steinitz gave 24 c8 as the
best continuation, and, on 25
J , 5 26 J etc )
25 J &7?
( decisive Oistake, a11oWing
White to occupy the d-fi1e With
teOpo uite good Wou1d be 25. .
w6 26 A5+ 7 27 fdI c8
etc . )
26 A5+ 7 27 fdI 4
( n 27M W w6 ot 27 . a2 , White
Wins by 28 J+ and 6 )
28 J 5 2 J 4 J0 d7+ 6
JI 7+ 6 J2 xb4 | I-0
Notes by 6ogo1ubov ( ) and Chig-
otin j | |
J4 shatin - Chigotin
( Ist Match 0aOe , Higa I82)
Evans 0aObit
I e4 e5 2 OfJ 46 J 4 5 4 b4
Ab4 5 cJ 5 6 d4 exd4 7 0-0 d6
8 cxd4 6 4J 5 I0 $5 f6 I I
9f4 7
( II . e o Oxc4 is Wotse )
I2 hJ |
( vety good Oove , pteventing
. . $4, Which Wou1d considetab1y
iOptove 61ack ' s attacking
chances )
I2. . c6
(ftet the continuation I2. . . 4c4
IJ 4+ c6 I4 c4 d5 I5 exd5 ,
thete ate Oany intetesting vat-
iations With ptetty coObinations .
We shoW ust one of these : I5. . .
Oxd5 if I5. . cxd5 I6 J 0-0,
then I7 I , and aftet J 61ack
Wou1d hatd1y be in a position to
ho1d the d5 paWn, and White sti11
Oaintains the attack I6 feI+
7 I 7 4 7 I8 Ac7 c7 I
Og5+ | fxg5 20 Oxg5+ 6 2I 5
j thteatening 22 xd5 | 8 22 eI
h6 2J 6+ | Ae6 24 xe6+ g5 25
J With a quick Oate . )
IJ J Og6 I4 $J w7
( This seeOs to be the on1y Way
fot 61ack to ptepate king ' s side
cast1ing, but it does not diOin-
ish the sttength of White ' s
attack, Which, hoWevet , in this
gaOe , shatin conducts With in
sufficient fotce . )
I2
I5 I xbJ I bJ I 7 d5
( NoW the sttongest Oove is I7 5
O8 | I8 OJ 0-0 I J | j bettet
than I xb axb 20 d A a2|
and White has an exce11ent attack
With his centte paWns favoutab1y
p1aced. )
I 7. . . f7 I84 0-0
( It Wou1d be Wotse fot 61ack to
defend the paWn, by p1aying I8. . .
8 , because of I 4 With the
thteat off5 . )
I xb axb 20 b
( Steinit , as is We11 knoWn, ad-
hetes to the opinion that in the
vans 0aObit , as in othet gaO-
bits , the extta paWn he1d by
61ack in the opening can be given
back , in otdet to iOptove his
position, at a OoOent When White
has to 1ose tiOe to captute the
paWn . 0f coutse it is not a1Ways
possib1e to achieve this , but the
ptesent gaOe confitOs Steinitz '
opinion. In any case it Wou1d be
bettet fot White not to hutty to
tegain the paWn but to Oaintain
the attack by p1aying 20 4
then 61ack Wou1d have no bettet
Oove than 20. . . O7 j ot 20. . .
8| . )
20. . . 2I 2 c5
2J f4 b5 24 fJ
22 2 8
( White , in a11 ptobabi1ity ,
Wtong1y 1ets s1ip the OoOent to
offet the exchange of the a-paWn
f-paWn, by p1aying 24 a4 . It is
ttue that 61ack cou1d then obtain
tWo passed paWns . . . b4| , but it
Wou1d be difficu1t to uti1ize
these aftet the tep1y 25 4 . It
is not easy to give a Oote pte-
cise eva1uation of this position
as it is

so vety coOp1icated .
ftet the Oove in the gaOe , 61ack
takes ovet the attack . )
24W M M 4 | 25 2 8 2 2 J |
27 2 h5 28 h4 O8 |
( In otdet to ttansfet the queen
to a5 and the e8 to a8 , fot an
attack on the a2 paWn. The te-
tteat of the queen is necessaty
a1so fot the coObination Which
fo11oWs in the gaOe . )
2 ab1 f5 J0 fJ
( I f J0 exf5 , then eithet J0. . .
xh4 , ot even J0. . . gJ JI e8+
A e8 J2 &gJ h4+ JJ &J f4+
etc . ot the exchange , 61ack has
tWo paWns and the attack . )
J0. . . fxe4 JI xe4 e4
(ftet JI . . . A d5 , 61ack Wou1d
1ose : J2 xe8+ e8 JJ e1 7 J4
5 J5 e8+f8 J O7 Oate . )
J2 e4 7 JJ 5
(ftet the exchange of queens ,
White Wou1d not be ab1e to defend
the d5 and a2 paWns 61ack Wou1d
be 1eft With an extta passed
paWn. ftet the Oove in the gaOe ,
White thteatens J4 5 obtaining
a sttong position The fo11oWing
exchange sactifice decides the
gaOe on the b1ack squates . )
diagtaO
j 0espite the vety 1iOited Oatet
IJ0
ia1 on the boatd, Chigotin catt-
ies out the subsequent attack
exttaotinati1y gtacefu11y and
enetgetica11y. 0tekov . |
JJ. . . xfJ| J4 gxfJ w2+ J5 I
( J5 OJ Wou1d be no bettet . Then,
aftet J5. . . fJ With . . A d5 j ot
a pte1iOinaty . . . O7 | to fo11oW,
61ack Wou1d easi1y dtive hoOe the
Win. )
J5. . . fJ J6 J A d5 J7 f1 wJ+
J8 O2 w2+ J f2 w4 40 I
O7 | 4I f5
( I f 4I e2 , then 4I . . . J
thteatening . . . 4| 42 wI f5
4J 9f2 J etc. )
4I. . . 6 42 f4
( 0f coutse he Oust not take the
d6 paWn With the bishop . )
42. . . 2+ | 4J f2 O4 | 44 w2 O5
45 f4 a2 46 a2 A a2 47 f1
b4 48 dI bJ 0-I
( 0n 4 xd6 Wou1d fo11oW 4. . . b2
50 6 4+ and 5I . . . bI|&) . )
Notes by Chigotin. |
IJI
J5 So1ovtsov - Chigotin
( 2nd atch 0aOe , scoW I8J)
ueen ' s 0aObit 0ec1ined
I d4 d5 2 fJ f6 J eJ c6 4 c4 e6
5 J 6 6 c5
( This queen' s side paWn attack of
ukettott , I considet to be un-
satisfactoty . )
6. . . 7 7 b4 d7 8 2 e5 2
w7 I0 a4 0-0 11 b5 &8 I2 0-0
95 | IJ &I
(61ack thteatened IJ. . . exd4 , With
the Win of the c5 paWn . )
IJ. . . e4 I 42 f8 I5J
( It seeOs it Wou1d be Oote cit-
cuOspect to ttansfet the knight
to fI fot defence of the cast1ed
position, but this Wou1d be in-
consistent since White is ptepat-
ing an attack on the queen ' s
f1ank he Wou1d have to Oake sev-
eta1 use1ess Ooves ]ust to ftee
the J and &I , Which ate fot
the ptesent dooOed to inactiv-
ity . )
I5. . . 7 I6 a5 8
(So as not to be fotced to ex-
change paWns aftet I7 b6 . nfav-
outab1e fot 61ack Wou1d be I6. .
O6 I 7 b6 8 I8 bxa7 A a7 ot
. . . xa7 | I a4 and then 6 . )
I 7 bxc6 bxc6 I8 a6 7 I gJ O6
20a2
( To attack the c6 paWn. )
20. . . 5| 2I 4 7 22 2
( This is necessaty fot defence of
the king. I f 22 5 , then 22. . .
J 2J 9f1 6 24 $2 $4 25 2
fJ+ 26 AfJ AfJ 27 h4 g5 and
61ack Oust Win . )
22. . . J 2J 9f1
( I f 2Jf1 , then 2J. . . $4 |, White
is fotced to take the bishop, 24
Ag4 xg4, and, not having any
Way to ptevent the Oove W W M fJ+ ,
cannot save the gaOe . )
2J. . . 6 24 h4 4 | 25 $2
25. . . 9f5 |
( The best Oove It is necessaty
to ptepate the tetteat of the
knight to e6 , Whi1st at the saOe
tiOe 1eaving the 4 defended. I f
26 hxg5 , then 26 e o + 2+ 27 1
xf2 | 28 f2 AgJ+ 2 1 J |
J0 w2 I Oate .)
26 f1 6 27 f4
( White cannot a11oW the Oove
. . . g5 . I f 27xc6 g5 28 hxg5 xg5
2 xb8 xb8 J0 AJ, then J0M W M
J+ JI AhJ whJ fo11oWed by
. . . 6 , thteatening . . . 6 jif J2
fJ , then J2. . . exfJ JJ wfJ A4| . )
27. . . exfJ
( With this Oove , 61ack gives up
IJ2
the c6 paWn, Which he cou1d have
defended by 27. . . 8 , this Wou1d
have a1so been good , since 61ack
can set up an attack by Oeans of
W W M f6 and g5 . )
28 wfJ 6 2 xc6 A4 J0 1
7 JI Ae4
( This exchange is fotced, othet-
Wise 61ack gains tiOe fot an
attack on the gJ paWn by p1aying
M M W f6 .)
JI . . . we4 J2 2 6 JJ 2 f6
J4 4
( I f J4 5 , then J44 = Ae5 J5
dxe5 4 J6 ed1 d8 and in the
end White is unab1e to defend the
paWns on a6 and c5 , fot exaOp1e ,
J7 94 7 . I n addition to this ,
the teOaining White paWns ate
bad1y p1aced . )
J4 d8 J5 6 a8
( I f White had not tetutned With
the knight to c6 , then it Wou1d
have been to 61ack s advantage to
keep the took on the e-fi1e . )
J6 4 ed8 J7 e1 4 J8 g4 f5 |
J gxf5
( I f J g5 , then J. . . 5 and
White cannot defend the h4 paWn
j40 J xg5|.)
J. . . wf5 40 J f8 4I 2 J |
42 xd5 4 4J e1 wh4 44 xc7
( 0t 44 fJ xfJ | 45 wfJ f8 46
2 5 and White , as happens in
the gaOe , Oust 1ose his queen. )
44. . . 5| 45 xa8
( The intetOediate 45 5+ Wou1d
not ptevent the catasttophe :
45. . . 8 46 xa8 5e4 j possib1e
is 46. . . e4| 47 we4 | e4 48
xe4 4+ 4 2 j4 I 4+
etc . | fJ and White cannot defend
against Oate . )
45. . J+ 46 2 f4+ 47 1 xg2
48 &g2 4 0-I
j Notes by Chigotin. |
J6 Tattasch - Chigotin
( 7th atch 0aOe , etetsbutg I8J)
Spanish
I e4 e5 2 fJ6 J 5 a6 4 4
f6 5 J
( t this tiOe the deve1opOent of
the knight to cJ Was tathet pop-
u1at , but it Was p1ayed usua11y
in connection With the s1uggish
p1an of dJ and the Oanoeuvte
J-e2-gJ . )
5. . . 4 6 O5 5
(s the age-o1d ptactice of the
Spanish 0aOe has ptoved , a1so in
the systeO 5 J the p1aceOent of
the bishop on e7 is the Oost ex-
pedient and te1iab1e . oWevet ,
Chigotin is consistent in the
cattying out of his p1an and the
bishop does not abandon the a5-e1
diagona1 . )
7 0-0 d6 8 dJ $4 cJ7
( The absence of the bishop on e7
fotces 61ack to take Oeasutes
against the unp1easant thteat of
I0 $5 a11 the saOe , he shou1d
Oake this Oove aftet a pte1iOin-
aty . . . b5 I0 J. The Oanoeuvte
f6-d7 , thanks to Which 61ack not
on1y sttengthens the suppott to
his centte the e5 paWn, but
IJJ
a1so ptepates the ttansfet of the
knight to c5 , aftet this gaOe
becaOe Chigotin ' s favoutite
Oethod of defence in Oany posit-
ions of the Spanish 0aOe. )
I0 J |
( Tattasch ski1fu11y exp1oits
61ack s inaccutacy . The natuta1
I0 AJ Wou1d a11oW 61ack not on1y
to Oake aOends fot his neg1ig-
ence , but a1so , by p1aying I0 . .
b5 | II J 7 , Wou1d dtive the
White knight aWay ftoO the cen-
tte . Though the Oove I0J , un-
doubted1y , is vety unp1easant fot
61ack , desetving attention a1so
is the p1an to gain space on the
queen ' s f1ank , beginning With the
Oove I0 b4 . )
I0. . . 5
( tesponsib1e , but fotced decis-
ion. ftet I0. . . AfJ I I wfJ ,
61ack Wou1d have difficu1ty in
cteating countetp1ay , and so
Chigotin ptoposes to give up a
paWn fot the sake of activating
his pieces . )
I I c6 bxc6 I2 W4 6 IJ wc6
0-0
(61ack is in no hutty to doub1e
the White paWns , since I4 g4 eJ
Wou1d setious1y coOptoOise the
position of the White king, and
the tetteat I4 2 is pattied by
the Oove I4. . . A2 . )
I4 f5 5 I5 d4
( n aOusing dtaW Was pointed out
by 6ogo1]ubov , in tep1y to I5
I . Then I5. . . f6 , and White can-
not defend the queen ftoO petpet-
ua1 chase by . . . 5-e8f7-e8
etc . )
I5. . . O6 I6 dxe5 fJ I7 gxfJ
dxe5
( nd so each side ' s p1ans ate
detetOined . White ' s extta paWn on
the queen's f1ank is, fot the
tiOe being , not fe1t , since the
iediate deve1opOents Oust un-
fo1d on the king ' s f1ank , Whete
the Weakened paWn covet of the
White king gives 61ack chances of
attack . itst of a11 , White Oust
avett the invasion of the 61ack
queen into his position, by
ttansfetting his queen to e2 , fot
exaOp1e : I8 4 &6 I w2 O8 20
fd1 g6 2I J . The othet contin-
uation, I8 J eJ | I fxeJ g6
20 J O2, Wou1d give 61ack good
countetp1ay . ppatent1y, Tattasch
undetestiOates the tWo Oove queen
Oanoeuvte of his opponent , and
chooses a Oove Which a11oWs 61ack
to Win back the paWn and tetain
the activity of his pieces . )
I8 I?
IJ4
( I f White succeeds in p1aying
I , then the thteats of xg7 ot
6 Wi11 becoOe unp1easant ,
but. . . . )
I8. . . J I J w2 |
( sp1endid Oove , fotcing White
to go ovet to defence . It is
c1eat that 20 2 cannot be p1ay-
ed because of 20. . . eJ 2I 4eJ
5 . Since he cannot give up the
fJ paWn - 20 b6? fJ+ 2I I
f4 , the White knight is fotced
to abandon the exce11ent outpost
on f5 . )
20 4 eJ 2I fxeJ
( 0n 2I e1 , the siOp1est choice
Wou1d be the tefined queen sac-
tifice - 2I. . . e1 | 22 e1 f2
2J 2 e1 24 xe1 d8 , aftet
Which te invasion of the tooks
into White ' s position via the
d-fi1e quick1y decides the gaOe . )
2I . . . eJ |
( It is this paWn Which 61ack cap
tutes , and not the b2 paWn, as e
needs the f4 squate . )
22 4 fd8 2Jf5 2 24 I |
(6y ingenious defence , Tattasch
has vittua11y e1iOinated the
aftet-effects of his b1undet on
the I8th Oove . e not on1y antic
ipates the ivasion of the 61ack
took on d2 , but a1so , by cteating
seveta1 thteats to the eneOy king
- 24. . . b2? 25 xg7+ | 8 25. . .
4g7 26 6+ etc . , ot 25. . . & 26
g1 4g7 27 5+ 6 28 xd6
etc . | 26 g1 xg7 27 f7 g8 28
6 | | fo11oWed by 2 g8+ and J0
f7 Oate - he succeeds in bting-
ing ovet his tooks fot defence of
the second tank . )
24. . . g6 25 2 &4
( tobab1y Chigotin fai1ed to take
into account the tactica1 nice-
ties, othetWise it is difficu1t
to exp1ain his teection of 25. . .
OJ , aftet Which 61ack Wou1d te-
tain his doOination of the d-fi1e
and ho1d a sttong initiative . )
267+ 7 275 6
( The thteat to the fJ paWn ptoves
to be i11usoty : 27. . fJ 28 fI
5 2 xc7 f4 J0 xa8 . 6y te-
tteating the queen to h6 , Chig-
otin endeavouts to tetain contto1
ovet the invasion point jd2| on
the d-fi1e .)
28 agI?
( 1oss of tiOe at a vety tense
OoOent - the doub1ing of tooks on
the g-fi1e is abso1ute1y use1ess .
0f coutse , 28 xc7 Wou1d be dang-
etous because of the fotcing vat-
iation pointed out by Chigotin
28. . . f4 2 xa8 xg2 J0 7 5 |
JI d8 fJ J2 WI e4 JJ I
f4 J4 O2 J+ J5 &I I+ J6
2 aI, but both noW and a1so
on the fo11oWing Oove , White
shou1d begin to advance the a and
b-paWns , even if it is With the
aiO of p1acing the paWn on b5 to
theteby ho1d on to the outpost on
d5 and ptevent the invasion of
the 61ack tooks . )
284 o o 7 2 6 ad8 J0 a6 d6
( White once again has obtained an
I5
extta paWn, but at too high a
ptice . The invasion on the d-fi1e
cannot be avetted . )
JI 2 8 J2 J g5 |
( Chigotin avoids the exchange of
queens , cottect1y appteciating
that , aftet the inevitab1e 4 + e c6 ,
he Wi11 have Oote chances to dec-
ide the gaOe by ditect attack . )
JJ I f6 J4 f2 c6 J5 J 5 J6
2 dJ J7 gfI
( White has Oanaged to bui1d up
What seeOs a sttong defence , by
gatheting a11 his pieces atound
his king 6ut a11 of these occupy
passive positions , and , exp1oit-
ing this , Chigotin catties out an
otigina1 queen Oanoeuvte . )
J7. . . &7 | 4?
(ppatent1y , Tattasch does not
appteciate the depth of Chig-
otin ' s idea , and in vo1untati1y
Weakening his queen' s f1ank ,
faci1itates the vety aiO of the
61ack queen . )
J8. . . 7| J WI 6 40 2?
( The 1ast chance of tesistance
1ay in the vatiation 40 I 4
4I c2 . Tattasch ovet1ooks a
siOp1e tactica1 b1oW and the
sttong White defence at once
fa11s to pieces . )
40. . . 4 | 4I cI xcJ | 42 cJ
cJ 0-I
( White tesigned since , aftet 4J
xcJ I+ 44 I xeI+ 45 2
f4+ 46 J gI+ , he is Oated . n
exceptiona11y coOp1icated , 1atge-
sca1e sttategica1 gaOe . Chigotin ' s
Oethod of taking the d-fi1e, and
his conc1uding fine queen Oanoeu-
vte , Oake a sttiking iOptession. )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin. |
J7 Chigotin - Tattasch
( 8th atch 0aOe , etetsbutg I8J )
tench 0efence
I e4 e6 2 2
( It Was in his Oatch With Tatt-
asch that Chigotin fitst p1ayed
this Oove . In the Oagazine
"ShakhOaty" j I84 | , Chigotin
Wtote :
"I Oust say that the otigin of
this Oove has to be atttibuted,
to a considetab1e extent , to
chance . I pointed it out ha1f in
]est duting a ptivate convetsat-
ion With a gtoup of p1ayets .
na1ysing the Oove 1atet , hoW-
evet , I saW that it did not at
a11 desetve a ]esting attitude . I
Was sttuck by a teOote teseOb-
1ance With the position in one of
Oy gaOes With Steinitz I e4 e5 2
fJ 6 J 5 f6 4 dJ d6 5 cJ g6
6 d2 g7 7 f1 0-0 8 94 d5
w2 . With this queen Oove, Stein-
it avoided the need to take
61ack s dpaWn With his e-paWn,
Which is defended by his oWn
d-paWn This gave Oe the idea of
the Ooves gJ , 2 , dJ, a p1an
Which I 1atet e1abotated . I think
that , geneta11y speaking, chance
Wi11 tiOe and again p1ay a sig-
nificant to1e in the deve1opOent
of an opening .
IJ6
n eva1uation of the Oove 2 2
can on1y be Oade in con]unction
With the Who1e p1an atising ftoO
it and not in iso1ation as did
the chess ctitics . The nattoWness
and shottsightedness of these
ctitics is astonishing . 0ne, fot
exaOp1e , gave the vatiation J d4 ,
aftet I e4 e6 2 2 7 , Which
1eaves White s gaOe Weak evety-
Whete , but in Oy ca1cu1ations , as
Oentioned above , I nevet had any
intention of p1aying the paWn to
d4 nothet ctitic coOOented that
"the Oove 2 2 1eads to a "pec-
u1iat" gaOe Which is a Oixtute of
Sici1ian, ianchetto and tench
0aOes , and in Which "the defence
is easiet aftet this Oove than on
the usua1 continuations" . The
tesu1t of the Oatch gaOes seeOs
to sufficient1y deOonsttate that
the defence is not as easy as
appeats to the ctitic j out of I0
gaOes in Which the Oove 2 2 Was
p1ayed , Chigotin had 5 Wins , J
1osses and 2 dtaWs - ed. | . The
thitd, foutth, fifth etc .
insisted that "sttonget Was 2
d4" . 6ut it is difficu1t to catch
the Oeaning of this "sttonget" |
Thete Was a tiOe When, eveyWhete
I tead and heatd that hete this
ot that is "sttonget" , it Was as
if I undetstood What this Oeant
but the b1issfu1 tiOes of be1ief
passed and the Oeaning of this
"sttonget" becaOe fot Oe
"Oote obscute" . )
( (s an appendix to Chigotin ' s
nattative on the otigins of the
Oove 2 w2, it is intetesting to
give the opinion of M. 6otvinnik ,
Who Wtote in "Chess in the SSH"
j I4| on 2 w2 "1teady getting
aWay ftoO the usua1 tench 0ef-
ence and in no tiOe teaching the
King' s Indian 0efence With tevet-
sed co1outs . It Was Chigotin in
patticu1at Who fitst p1ayed the
King s Indian 0efence and Wotked
out the opening scheOe tight ftoO
the beginning. ) )
2. . . c5 J gJ 46 4 $2 A7 5 4J
7
( I Wou1d ptefet 5. . . d6 , teftain-
ing coOp1ete1y ftoO the Oove of
the knight to d4 , then . . . f6 and
00 . )
6 J
j ete and on f4 , the position of
the knight is bettet than on fJ,
Whete it b1ocks the diagona1 of
the queen and the bishop |
( The success Which I had in this
gaOe gave the coOOentatots a
teason to be1ieve that Ooving the
knight to hJ Was sttonget than to
fJ , Whete , in theit opinion, the
knight "stands Wotse than on hJ" .
oWevet , I neithet c1aiO this ,
not attach any patticu1at iOpott-
ance to the Oove . )
6. . . a6
( 0n 6. . . 4, I intended to tepy
7 OI , and not 7 5. )
7 f4 4 8 OI
( NoW I a1teady did not find it
IJ7
necessaty to p1ay the queen to
dJ, the Oote so, since aftet 8. . .
9f6 5 A5 , 61ack Wou1d
thteaten . . c4 , and if I0 bJ then
I0. . . b5 . )
8. . e f6 dJ b5 I0 00 7 I I AJ
8 I2 a4 b4 I J1 | e5
( ( Tattasch consideted his Oistake
to 1ie in this and the fo11oWing
Ooves , as they a11oW White to
take possession of the c4 and d5
squates . ) )
jMote in accotdance With the pos-
ition is IJ. . . 0-0, so as to tep1y
to I4 2 With . . . d5 . |
I4 5 | Ad5 I 5 exd5 O6
j s White ' s tep1y shoWs , it is a
tota11y Oistaken p1an to p1ay fot
the Win of the d5 paWn. e shou1d
p1ay I5. . . f5 . |
I6d2 |
j If 61ack noW takes the d5 paWn,
then aftet I6. . . xd5 I7 44 w6
I8 Ad4 cxd4 I Ad5 wd5 20 6
he 1oses the exchange . |
I6. . . 7 I74 h5
j despetate atteOpt at attack.
If I 7. . . d6, then I8 J , thteat
ening cJ and if I7. . . f5 , then
I8 92 , fo11oWed by I eI etc . |
I8 f4 f5 I 2 exf4 20 f4 d6
2I w2 d8 22 ael &8
j I f 22. . . 0-0 then 2J g5 | and
White Wins a piece . |
2J cJ
j Thteatening 24 92 . |
2J. . . a5
j 1so desetving attention is
2J. . . bxcJ 24 bxcJ e8, but a1so
in this case 61ack Oust 1ose . |
24 92 bxcJ 25 bxcJ6
j1so on 25. . . g6 White fotces the
Win: 26 J 4 27 g4 hxg4 28
xa5 a5 2 xf5 gxf5 J0 e7+
7 JI 5+ etc . |
26 xa5 fg8 27 6 &8 28 c4 7
2 9f4 h4 J0 g4| g4
( I f J0. . . g4, then JI g4 xg4
J2 xe7 xe7 JJ d6 etc . )
j 1so on a11 othet continuations
61ack ' s gaOe is tota11y 1ost . |
JI J f6 J2 g5 5 JJ f6
gxf6 J4 g4| I-0
jftet J4. . . 5 Wou1d fo11oW J5
g5 hJ J6 6+ 8 J7 I
etc . |
j otes by Chigotin ( ) and 6ogo1-
]ubov j | . |
J8 Tattasch - Chigotin
( IIth atch 0aOe , etetsbutg I8J)
Spanish
I e4 e5 2 fJ6 J 5 a6 4 94
f6 5 J d6 6 c6+ bxc6 7 d4
7 8 dxe5 dxe5
( Intetesting is Tattasch 's opin-
ion on this opening systeO: "oW
IJ8
61ack has a coOp1ete1y shatteted
paWn fotOation on the queen' s
f1ank , and in this tespect is
doubt1ess at a disadvantage . Thus
fat I can agtee With a11 the coO-
Oentatots of this gaOe . 6ut these
gent1eOen have fotgotten on1y to
take into account the benefits
Which 61ack obtains thtough the
exchange on c6 : ( I ) the open
b-fi1e ( 2) the possession of the
tWo bishops , ( J) the iunity of
61ack ' s position ftoO attack . ot
these teasons I ptefet 61ack ' s
gaOe . " )
AJ 6 I 0 0-0 0-0 I I 2
(n inapptoptiate
takes aWay d2 ftoO
knight . 6ettet Was
I I 4 . )
I I . . . w7 I24
Oove Which
the White
an iOOediate
(pp1ying a Oethod of deve1opOent
knoWn ftoO siOi1at positions .
Tattasch Wtote : " I f the disadvan-
tage of 61ack ' s position, the
shatteted paWn fotOation, is to
be exp1oited at a11 , then it
Oust happen as soon as possib1e
and this is the point of the
fo11oWing Oanoeuvte . White Wi11
advance the c-paWn, ptobab1y to
c5 . If he achieves this , he Wou1d
cettainIy have the advantage .
White has no othet attacking p1an
and stands ot fa11s With this
queen s side offensive . " )
I 2 . . . 8 I J bJ 7
( Chigotin points out anothet ,
appatent1y Oote ptoOising possib-
i1ity IJ4 4 6 aftet Which
White Wou1d have to agtee to the
exchange I4 Oxb6 cxb6 tepaiting
the daOage to 61ack ' s paWn sttuc-
tute . The fact of the Oattet is
that I4 2 c5 I5 c4 7 I6 2
f5 ot even at once I4. . . f5
Wou1d give 61ack a thteatening
initiative . )
I4 c4 d8
( Even hete 61ack Oight have
opened the diagona1 fot his bish-
op With the Oove I4. . . f5 | The
continuation chosen by Chigotin
a11oWs White to conso1idate his
position in the centte. )
I5 O5 | c5 I6 b4 | w6 I7 bxc5
I8 2
( White has Oanaged to tegtoup and
ptepates to Oeet the bteak . . . f5
With the catefu1 fJ. 61ack ' s
bishops sti11 1ack scope and to
open diagona1s fot theO is con-
sidetab1y Oote difficu1t than it
Was fout Ooves ago . )
I8. . . Of6 |
( The best chance . 61ack ptovokes
the Oove fJ and again obtains the
possibi1ity of incteasing the
activity of his pieces . If Tatt-
asch Wete to p1ay I 4J 4 20
O5 OxeJ 2I fxeJ then 61ack
Wou1d have to so1ve Oote diffi-
cu1t ptob1eOs . )
I fJ J | 20 fe1 fd8 2I ab
( The gteedy 2I c7 is punished
at once by 2I. . . A6 |)
2I . . . A6 22 2
( 0n 22 2 Wou1d fo11oW the tact-
IJ
ica1 opetation 22. . . a4 2J a4
eJ 24 eJ c5 etc . Which is
favoutab1e fot 61ack . )
22. . . d7 2J c1 5 24 OI Of4
25 f4 exf4 26 J
( In this position the extta but
a1so doub1ed White paWn does not
p1ay any to1e Whatsoevet . 0n the
othet hand the initiative Oust
gtadua11y pass to 61ack . e occu-
pies the d-fi1e With his tooks
and has tWo active bishops . To
achieve success he has to so1ve
tWo ptob1eOs to ptevent the Oan-
oeuvte 4Jd5 and to c1eat the
White paWns out of the Way of his
king ' s bishop . )
26. . . 4 |
( oW on 27 f1 Wou1d fo11oW
27. . . f5 | e has to dtive the
knight aWay ftoO the cJ squate
ftoO Whete it cou1d get to d5 . )
27 Of2 O6 28 2 6 |
( With the thteat of 28. . . f2+
Chigotin "pu11ed" the took to the
second tank and noW unexpected1y
tevea1s the danget that 1ies in
Wait fot White on the fitst tank .
e thteatens 2. . . Ae4I xe4
I+ I and JI eI cannot be p1ayed
because of . . c2 . )
2 J 5 I
( fine Oove, Which not on1y pte-
vents the exchange of tooks J0
2? d2 JI Oxd2 Af2+ J2 &f2
h2 - but a1so fotces White to
Oake a tesponsib1e decision - to
adOit, With the Oove J0 O5 , that
a dtaW is the best tesu1t fot hiO
j in tep1y, 61ack cou1d undetOine
the e4 paWn by J0. . . 6 JI J
f5 I | ot continue a tense sttugg1e
by te1ying on steadfastness in
defence . Tattasch chooses the
second Way , but Oakes a pseudo
active Oove, abtupt1y easing
Chigotin ' s task . e Ooves the
saOe e4 paWn off the diagona1 ,
aftet Which the 61ack bishop in-
cteases its inf1uence. )
J0 e5? 6 I
( This foutfo1d Oove, consisting
of the shott pendu1uO-sty1e Oove
Oent of the 61ack queen , Oakes a
sttiking iOptession. White at
once finds hiOse1f in a ctitica1
position . n iOOediate Win is
thteatened by JI. . . AfJ J2 fJ
c2 . White cannot defend the fJ
paWn : JI O2 Af2+ J2 &f2 c2 I
0n JI &I Wou1d fo11oW JI. . . J
J2 OxdJ xdJ JJ 2 Ae1 J4 eI
AfJ .
Thete teOains a Oove o f the c2 ,
but on JI e2 Wou1d fo11oW JI . . .
JI J2 OxdJ xdJ JJ 1 AfJ
etc . 0n1y aftet the Oove JI 2
I40
Wou1d White patty the thteat
JI .. . dJ J2 OxdJ dJ With the
ctafty JJ 4I I oWevet , by con-
tinuing JI. . . h5 I 61ack tetains
his activity , fu11y coOpensating
fot the paWn sactifice .
Tattasch decides to exchange a
pait of tooks and theteby Weaken
61ack s ptessute on the d-fi1e . )
JI d2 AfJ I
( Chigotin safe1y avoids the ttap ,
JI. . . xd2 J2 Oxd2 d2 JJ d2
AfJ J4 J I AeI J5 8 Oate ,
and, by exp1oiting the ovet1oaded
White queen ' s defensive function,
catties out a favoutab1e exchang-
ing opetation . )
J2 fJ xd2 JJ 4d2 xd2 J4 fI
h6 J5 f4 5 J6 J A7 J7 I
xa2
(nd so 61ack has testoted Oatet-
ia1 equi1ibtiuO, tetaining a tan
gib1e positiona1 advantage . e
has an active took , a distant
passed paWn on a6 , the A7 Wi11
attack the Weak White paWns in
the centte, and White ' s pieces
ate tied to the defence of the
g2 squate - a11 this ought in the
end to yie1d 61ack an uncoOp1ic-
ated Win . )
J8 OJ 5 J O4 2 40 O5 c6
4I 4J J 42 I 7
( I t seeOs that fatigue , at the
end of a vety tense batt1e, Oakes
itse1f fe1t . ftet 42. . . 2 I 4J
dJ xcJ, White Wou1d teOain a
piece doWn . )
4J hJ 7 44 dJ Ac5 45 4 I+
46 2 $I 47 l 4 48 2
Ae5+ 4 gJ 2+ 7 I f5 I 5I
45 a5?
( et anothet "sttoke of the
btush" j coOpate 42. . . 7| , but
still not letting the Win slip .
The Whole sense of 6lack ' s pte
vious Ooves lies in dtiving aWay
the knight ftoO e4, and occupying
the seventh tank With his heavy
pieces - 5I. . . 5 52 6 l+ 5J
l 2 , to decide the gaOe With
a Oating attack . )
52 O7
( White s position is so bad that
his only chance consists of this
ttanspatent fotking thteat . )
52. . . A7??
( n incoOptehensible ovetsight ,
Which cannot be explained even by
titedness . 52. . . 6 Wins easily . )
5J Of8+ I-0
( This is ptobably one of Chig
otin s Oost vexing cteative Ois
fottunes , befote Which pales even
his faOous blundet in the last
gaOe of the tetutn Oatch With
Steinitz . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin.
J Chigotin - Tattasch
( I8th Match 0aOe, etetsbutg I8J)
tench 0efence
I e4 e6 2 2 A7 J bJ d5 4 2
9f6 5 Af6
( In a ptevious gaOe, I Oade the
Oove 5 e5 . To Oy Oind , both this
and the othet Oove give White
equally advantages and disadvant-
I4I
ages , but 5 e5 cteates fot hiO
j and possibly also fot 6lack| a
Oote difficult and coOplicated
gaOe - that is to say Oote abund
ant in vatious hidden teefs , at
least this is the iOptession I
had ftoO the gaOes of the Oatch . )
5. . . 4f6 6 e5 Ofd7 7 4 0-0
( I n the 20th gaOe , 0t . Tattasch
played 7. . . g6 , and in the 22nd -
again 7. . . 0-0 . )
8 f4 46
( ( This opening is discussed in
detail in the notes to the 22nd
0aOe . ) )
j NoWadays , any Oastet Would play
fitstly 8. . . c5 . |
OfJ f5 I0 J e8 I I 4JOf8 I2
2
j chatactetistic Oove fot Chig
otin . 0f coutse , by continuing I2
5 , pinning the 46 , and , in the
event of playing Ac6 , White
Would insute hiOself against all
danget . 6ut Chigotin ptefetted to
avoid siOplification , though at a
high ptice . NoW 6lack begins a
dangetous offensive . |
I2. . . 6 IJJ d4
j 0tiving the knight aWay ftoO the
cJ squate , ftoO Whete it defends
the a2 paWn . |
I4Oa4 O4 I 5 l dJ
j The initial cause of 6lack ' s
defeat. e undetestiOated ot
siOply did not notice White ' s
I8th Oove . Tattasch sttives fot a
fotcing vatiation, but the tiOe
has not coOe fot this yet . Cott-
ect Was I5M W M b5 I6 O2 c5 I7 0-0
( I7 a4 96 I ) 7 I ( Chigotin exaO-
ined on1y I7. . . O5 I8 5 h6 I
5 I ot I8. . . Of8 I a4I ) and
61ack has an obvious advnatage in
the centte and on the queen ' s
f1ank , Wheteas the White tooks
ate sti11 disconnected. It te-
Oains to point out that , aftet
I5. . . O5 I6 Oxd4 Oxf4 I7OfJ7
61ack Wou1d a1so have at 1east an
equa1 gaOe . |
I6 c4 b5
( Wtongfu11y , the gent1eOan ctit-
ics condeOned this Oove . 0t .
Tattasch saW that White Wou1d ,
eithet soonet ot 1atet , Win the
dJ paWn and , With h4, Wou1d ob-
tain an attack Which is dangetous
fot 61ack . )
j NoW White Wi11 obvious1y stand
bettet as the dJ paWn is hope-
1ess1y Weak . |
I7 cxb5 O5
I8 O4I
j teOatkab1e Oove, Which cou1d
hatd1y have been envisaged by
Tattasch . I f, at fitst , I8 0-0,
then I8W M M Oxf4, and the White
knight on fJ has no good ]uOp
aWay . NoW, hoWevet , aftet the
ttansfet of the OfJ to c6 , the
61ack knight cannot ho1d his
gtound on f4 and 61ack ' s position
in the centte fa11s apatt . |
I8W M M Oxf4
j 0t I8. . . xf4 I 0-0I 6 20 46
4 2I h4 4h4 22 45 Winning a
paWn ( 22. . . a6? 2J bxa6 a6 24
a4) . |
I46 5 20 4J I
( ( White ' s 1ast thtee knight Ooves
sute1y teptesent the sttongest
continuation . To p1ay fot the Win
of the exchange by 20 9fJ b5 2I
O7+ xe7 22 a8 Wou1d be a Ois-
take since 61ack Wou1d obtain the
advantage by 22. . . we5+ , a1so 2I
4J 5 22 b4 6 2JO7+ Was un-
favoutab1e fot White . Tattasch . ) )
20. . . 5
( ( ftet this , the queen Wi11 be
dtiven tight back and 61ack s
position Wi11 be vittua11y hope-
1ess . 61ack shou1d siOp1y take
the g-paWn With the queen and
then, aftet 20. . . wg2 2I 9fJ
wgJ+ 22 hxgJ O5 2J d5? exd5
24 Oxd5 , Wou1d have Won the gaOe
by the siOp1e but sutptising Oove
24. . . 7 , a1so aftet 2J Oxd5 I
exd5 24 d5+ A6 , he Wou1d have
Oaintained a good gaOe because of
the Weakness of the e5 paWn.
Tattasch . ) )
2I b4I &8 22 00 I
j nd so White does not cast1e un-
I42
t i1 the 22nd Oove | 6ut this Oove
Wins the dJ paWn at once, since
theOf4 Oust Oove aWay . |
22. . . O2+ 2J Oxe2 dxe2 24 Ae2
7 25 J
j 0efending the b4 paWn and the d4
squate . The shatp sttugg1e has
ended in White ' s favout , since he
a1teady has an extta paWn. NoW
begins the technica1 phase to
tea1ise the advantage he has ob-
tained. |
25. . . Ac6 26 bxc6 8 27 d4 d8
28 A4 &7 2 dI O7 J0 b5 O5
JI &J 7
j It tutns out that it is not
quite so easy fot White to tea1-
ise his extta paWn , since the
position is of a tesetved natute
and 61ack has the iOpottant
sttong point on d5 . |
J2 aJ O6
js White , the Who1e tiOe, has
teftained ftoO exchanging the
Oinot pieces , then 61ack hiOse1f
fotces the exchange , because , on
JJ 2, he Wou1d tep1y JJ. . . a6 |
inttoducing into p1ay the 8 . |
JJ J Oxc4
( 0n JJ . . O5 Wou1d fo11oW J4 Ad5
xd5 J5 xf5 xd4 J6 xd4 exf5 J7
O5 h6 J8 e6 and White Wins With-
out difficu1ty . )
J4 c4 g6
( Heinfotcing the f5 paWn . 6ad
Wou1d be J4. . . aJ J5 e6 J+
J6 I xd4 J7 xd4 d4 J8 f5
and White ought to Win easi1y .
6ut hoW does White Win aftet
I4J
J4. . . g6? 0f coutse by Oeans of an
offensive on the queen s f1ank :
fot exaOp1e , J5 a4 5 J6 dJ 7
J7 I &7 J8 a5 8 J 4 7
40 dI 7 4I bI and thete is
no defence against the advance
b6 . It is not c1eat hoW 61ack can
ptevent the execution of this
p1an. oWevet , Chigotin Oakes a
sutptsng decision : With his
next Oove he gives up a paWn and
obtains a s1ight1y bettet end-
ing . |
J5 d5
( The "0eutsche Schachzeitung"
ca11s this a gtoss Oistake , as a
consequence of Which the gaOe
shou1d be dtaWn With cottect
p1ay . In the opinion of this Oag-
azine , White ought to bteak
thtough on the queen s f1ank With
the Oove J5 a4| and then the Win
of the gaOe Wou1d be assuted . I
ca1cu1ated a Oote favoutab1e pos-
ition fot White, naOe1y J5 5
&7 | J6 a4 5 J7 4, With no
1ess doubt of secuting the Win of
the gaOe . )
J5. . . exd5 J6 xd5 xd5 J7 d5
8 |
j With this Oove , 61ack Wins an
iOpottant paWn . |
J8 O2 | xe5 J OI aI
( This exchange of queens is fot-
ced. If J . . 4 , then 40 eI &6
4I e6 | I+ 42 dI e6 4J O8+
and 44 c7+ etc . )
40 xa1 7
j nd so a took ending is teached,
in Which White has a definite ad-
vantage . This advantage 1ies in
the distant advanced paWns on the
queen ' s f1ank , Whete White can
cteate fot hiOse1f a dangetous
passed paWn. 6esides this , 61ack
has Weak paWns on a7 and c7 . With
his 1ast Oove , 61ack ptevents the
Oanoeuvte e1-e7 . |
4I &2 &6 42 a4 5
j 61ack ho1ds his gtound passive-
1y. ety intetesting hete is the
atteOpt to exchange the Weak a7
paWn by 42. . . a6, in otdet to siO-
p1i fy the position, fot exaOp1e :
42. . . a6 4J 1 axb5 44 xb5 6
45 c5 d4 46 a5 6 47 J 4
and 6 , ot 4J J 6 44 h4 5
45 1 axb5 46 axb5 6 and White
is tied to the defence of the b5
paWn. |
4J J 5 44 c1
j ftet this, 44. . . a6 is a1teady
iOpossib1e because of 45 b6 . NoW
the diffetence betWeen the posit-
ion in the gaOe and in the pte-
ceding vatiations is c1eat : the
b5 paWn is defended by the a4
paWn, and the White took is ftee
to Oanoeuvte . |
diagtaO
44. . . g5
( "This paWn offensive" says the
0eutsche Schachzeitung , "does not
achieve its aiO, since the f5
paWn is shoWn to be Weak . 61ack
ought to have Oade a Waiting Oove
I44
and then he Wou1d ptobab1y have
obtained a dtaW . " oWevet , What
Waiting Oove is thete fot White?
Let us suppose he Ooves the king,
then c4, gJ , 4 and, aftet
. . . h5 , 4 , 61ack is fotced to
advance the paWn to g5 , aftet
Which White , by p1aying h4, Wou1d
sti11 Win the gaOe siOp1y . te-
cise1y fot this teason, 0t . Tatt-
asch ptevents White ftoO occupy-
ing the h4 squate With the paWn. )
45 gJ h5
j 6ut this is use1ess . SiOp1et and
sttonget Wou1d be 45. . . h6 . |
46 c4 g4
j neW Weakening . It seeOs that ,
aftet 46. . . 1 , White Wou1d not
be ab1e to sttengthen his posit-
ion. ete ate soOe saOp1e vatiat-
ions : ( 1 ) 47 h4 gxh4 48 gxh4 1+
4 &2 a1 , ( 2) 47 c5+ 6 48 a5
1 4 &J &6 j a1so . . . h4| 50
2 4 5I J 1 52 d5 6 5J
7 xb5 54 xc7 xa5 etc . |
47 b4 6
j In his notes to this gaOe, Chig-
otin Wtote that , on 47. . . &6 ,
White tep1ies 48 d4 5 4 xd5+
&d5 50 &4 5 5I f5 4 52
6 a4 5J 7 and White Wins .
oWevet , 61ack cou1d p1ay Oote
sttong1y, and naOe1y : 48. . . d4 I
4 &d4 6 50 a5 j not 50 5 f4|
6 5I a6 &6 52 J 6 I 5J 4
and a dtaW is unavoidab1e Thete
fote 61ack cou1d sti11 p1ay 47. . .
6 . |
48 a5 I
j The 1ast chance . I f 48 4, then
of coutse not 48. . . d4 4 &d4
6 50 a5 &6 5I 5 I and 61ack
Oust tesign but 484 4 4 &5+ 4 &J
&I 50 2 I With good countet-
chances . |
48. . . &6
( ( 61ack is uncettain in his p1ay
and, With each Oove, Wotsens his
position. 48. . . &5 1oses quick1y
because of the 1ine pointed out
by 6otvinnik : 4 b6 axb6 50 axb6
cxb6 5I c7 5 52 5 I , soOe in-
itiative teOains With White a1so
on 48. . . 6 4 2 I j 4 d4 5 I |
fo11oWed by &4. It seeOs that
the 61ack king is in its Oost
favoutab1e position on e6 , Whete
it is neat to the queenside
paWns and, at the saOe tiOe, def-
ends the f5 paWn . If 61ack had
p1ayed 48. . . 5 I testticting the
Oobi1ity of the White paWns , he
Wou1d easi1y ptevent the atteOpt
to bteak thtough With the White
king, e . g . 4 &4 &6 , ot 4 &4
6 . ) )
4 b6 axb6 50 axb6 cxb6 5I c7 I
I45
j In otdet to fotce 61ack to stop
the paWn With the took and not
the king . |
5I. . . 5 52 xb6+ 5
j decisive Oistake . Tattasch
tties to uti1ise his extta paWn
on the king ' s f1ank , but this
ptoves to be a Oistaken p1an . I f
61ack had ttansfetted his king to
the queen ' s f1ank , then he Wou1d
sti11 tetain chances of a dtaW,
and naOey 52. . . &7 I 5J 7 6
54 &4 7 55 c8() + c8 56 7
2 57 xh5 f2+ 58 5 7 5
xf5 xh2 60 &4 &6 6I &g4 8
and a dtaW . |
( ( 61ack is faced With a painfu1
a1tetnative, to use the king fot
the ptotection of his paWns
then the c7 paWn decides , if he
ho1ds the c7 paWn in check With
the king , then, aftet 524 4 7 5J
6 fo11oWed by &4, 61ack 1oses
his paWns on the kingside . Tatt
asch . ) )
5J 7 h4 54 &4 I 55 &5 hxgJ
56 hxgJ J
(t . Tattasch teOatked that ,
aftet 56. . . f4, he Wou1d achieve a
dtaW. This Was a1so given in the
"eutsche Schachzeitung" . s fat
as I can teOeObet , t . Tattasch
ttied to give this Oove at the
end of the gaOe and Was easi1y
convinced that 61ack cou1d no
1onget be saved . The fo11oWing
vatiation gtaphica11y confitOs
this : 56. . . f4 57 gxf4+ 4 58
6 dI+ j 58. . . gJ 5 8 g2 60
c8() xc8 6I xc8 gI () 62 8+
and White Wins| 5 &7 I 60 &7
dI+ 6I 8 gJ 62 8 I 6J
c8() xc8+ 64 &c8 4 65 f7 I
J 66 f5 g2 67 7 and Wins .
his is by no Oeans the on1y Way
to Win . Thete ate othets . )
57 &6 J+ 58 &7 J+ 5 &6
dJ+ 60 &5 J 6I a7 I
( In otdet to hide ftoO the checks
With the king on a8. )
6I. . . f4 62 &4 I I0
( I f 62. . . 6 , then 6J 5+ and 64
5 .)
( ( he Who1e of the extteOe1y
difficuIt and intetesting endgaOe
Was hand1ed by Chigotin With the
gteatest Oastety . Tattasch . ) )
j Notes by Chigotin ( ) , 6otvinnik
j | , asyukov and Nikitin ( ( ) ) . |
40 Tattasch Chigotin
( Ith Match 0aOe , etetsbutg I8J)
Spanish
I e4 e5 2 fJ 46 J 5 a6 4 4
f6 5 4J d6 6 d4 7 7 2
( The position aftet 6. . . 7 Was
the ob]ect of a cteative atguOent
in the Chigotin-Tattasch Oatch.
In the beginning, attasch ttied
ditect p1ay against the Weakness
of the 61ack paWns aftet 7 c6
bxc6 8 dxe5 dxe5 , but convinced
hiOse1f that the tWo bishops and
open bfiIe a11oW 6Iack to deveI-
op piece ptessute , coOpensating
fot the paWn Weaknesses . Then he
hit upon the idea of cteating a
defended paWn centte . In the pte
sent gaOe , Chigotin deOonsttates
the effectiveness of 61ack ' s
opening systeO aIso in this
case . )
7. . . b5
j In the I5th gaOe , 7. . A7 Was
p1ayed, and in the I7th gaOe ,
7. . . f6 . I found that , even aftet
these Ooves , 61ack cou1d conduct
the defence ]ust as successfu1Iy
each of these defences has its
oWn chatactet : in the ptesent
gaOe, the Oove 74 e b5 gives 61ack
a countetattack . |
8 J a5 I dxe5
( Chigotin Wtote that he Wou1d
have ptefetted cJxbJ I0 wbJ .
his Iine confotOs to White s
opening idea , but does not ptoO-
ise hiO any advantage . 6oth I0. . .
A7 and I0. . . 7 I I 5 d5 I a11oW
61ack to coOfottab1y deve1op his
fotces . )
. . . xbJ I0 axbJ xe5
( he cate1ess I0. . . dxe5 Wou1d
1ose a paWn to I I O5 . )
I I fd4
( I t Wou1d be unfavoutab1e fot
White to exchange I I xe5 dxe5 I2
wd8+ &d8 , since 61ack has the
tWo bishops and good chances in
an ending With Oany pieces on the
boatd . Thetefote attasch , in
anticipation of I I . . . $4, Ooves
the knight aWay to the centte . )
I I . . . 7 I2J g6 I
(61ack not on1y pIaces his bishop
active1y, but a1so takes aWay the
f5 squate ftoO the White knight . )
I46
IJ f4
( The initia1 cause of a11 the
subsequent ttoub1e . Such a paWn
Oove is ]ustified on1y if it is
1inked to a p1an of 1atet advanc-
ing it and a1so thotough1y supp-
otting it With pieces . With an
incoOp1ete deve1opOent , the e4
paWn becoOes a convenient tatget .
6ogo1]ubov tecoOOended 1iOiting
the Oobi1ity of 61ack ' s bishops
by IJ 0-0 $7 I4 b4 00 I5 cJ &8
I6 fJ, but this Wou1d be p1aying
on1y fot equa1isation. )
I J. . . O7 I4 b4
( It is doubtfu1 that White Wants
to ttansfet the O4 via bJ to a5 ,
in otdet to dtive aWay the 7
ft the 1ong diagona1 and Weaken
the ptessute on the e4 paWn . 0b-
vious1y it Wou1d be enough fot
61ack to p1ay . . . b8, and the
bishop on b7 obtains the coOfott-
ab1e a8 squate . ppatent1y, Tatt-
asch Wants to 1iOit the Oobi1ity
of the 61ack knight by taking
aWay ftoO it the c5 squate , Which
is necessaty fot the ptessute on
the e4 paWn . )
I4. . . $7 I5 J 0-0 I6 0-0
( Thete is no tiOe fot I6 5 ,
because of I6. . . e4 I7 xe4 &8
etc . )
I 6 . . . &8 I7 &I f6
diagtaO
( ctitica1 OoOent in the gaOe .
It becoOes cIeat that the hand-
soOe paWns on e4 and f4 ate , in
genetaI , on1y convenient ob]ects
of attack . Thus, on I8 e5 , WouId
fo1IoW I8. . . O5 I 5 j I exd6
wd6 20 xe8+ xe8 2I 5 A8 | 22
cJ xcJ 2J wd6 cxd6 , 2I cJ 6
22 a5 6+ 2J &l j 2J I 2 24
2 xf 4| 8 and White has a
vety bad position Which one can
tegatd as 1ost I. . . 8 20 xb7
jon 20 exd6 , Tattasch gives the
beautifu1 but tathet "coopetat-
ive" vatiation , 20. . . 7+ 2I I
2 22 fI? wg2+ | 2J &g2 f4+
and 24. . . J Oate| 20. . . wb7 2I
exd6 6+ 22 &I xeI+ 2J weI
wd6 24 w4 8 and White 1oses
Oatetia1 because 25 cJ cannot be
p1ayed due to the fotcing attack ,
25. . . xcJ 26 bxcJ I+ 27 &2
cJ 28 I 4+ 2 J eJ+ J0
&eJ 2+ JI &J dJ+ J2 4 &J |
JJ 8+ 7 J4 6 h5+ J5 xh5+
j J5 5 e5+ ot J5 J J| J5. . .
gxh5+ J6 &h5 &6 J7 J 2 |
etc . The on1y defence o f the e4
paWn appeats to be by I8 J 7
j I 8. . . xe4? I xe4 | | I 2 , but
I47
then White is tuined by the 1ack
of coopetation betWeen the tooks
I. . . d5 20 e5 wb4 | 2I exf6 xeI+
22 &f2 c1 etc . Thete teOains
the defence chosen by Tattasch ,
but in this the I and 1 ate
cut off ftoO the gaOe and 61ack
obtains an enotOous advantage in
the batt1e fot the centte . )
I82 7 I hJ &7 20 &2 e8
( coOp1ete ttiuOph fot Chig-
otin ' s sttategy . White is in a
zugzWang position. The defence of
the e4 paWn coOp1ete1y ties doWn
the White pieces . )
2I I
( No bettet is 2I wI . Though
61ack cannot avoid e5 , he has at
his disposa1 the possibi1ity of
Winning the i11-fated e4 paWn, by
exp1oiting the Weakness of the g2
squate : 2I I 6 22 cJ xe4 |
and on any captute of the knight
Wou1d fo11oW 2J. . . f5 . Tattasch
defends the g2 squate , but the
gaOe is decided by 61ack s 1ast
tesetves . )
2I . . . h5 | 22 h4
j 61ack thteatens . . . h4 , if White
defends the e4 paWn by 22 I ,
then Wou1d fo11oW 22. . . 6 2J cJ
h4 24 Ofl Oxe4, and if 25 wh4,
then 25. . . OxcJ |
22. . . 4 2J 2 wh4
( 61ack Wins a paWn and tetains an
ovetWhe1Oing positiona1 advant-
age . )
24 OfJ 4 25 e5 5 26 2 7
27 exd6 wd6 28 e7 e7 2 cJ
Oxb4| AJJ JI 2 Oxb2
( The test of the gaOe is of no
intetest . )
J2 I 44 JJ f2 h4 J4 fI &2
J5 OfJ hJ J6J fJ J7 gxfJ h2+
J8 2J+ J I 6
j 61ack cou1d p1ay the Oote enet-
getic J. . . wf4 , fotcing White to
sactifice his queen . |
40 4 4 4I 2 Oxf2 42
5 0-I
( This gaOe is a c1assic exaOp1e
of the iobi1isation of the f4
and e4 paWns With a subsequent
piece attack on the e4 paWn . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin ( )
and Chigotin j | . |
4I Chigotin - Tattasch
( 22nd Match 0aOe , etetsbutg I8J)
tench 0efence
I e4 e6 2 2 A7 J bJ d5 4 2
( The exchange 4 exd5 1ooks teOpt-
ing , fot exaOp1e : 4. . . f6 5 4J |
cJ 6 dxcJ wd5 7 f4 |, hoWevet ,
aftet 4. . . exd5 | 5 2, 61ack
cou1d p1ay both 5. . . f6 and 5. . .
Of6 | 6 f6 gxf6 , fot exaOp1e : 7
OfJ 46 8 d4 4 cJ 7 , coOp-
1ety equa1ising the chances . )
4. . . f6 5 f6
( debatab1e decision . hough the
exchange of the b1ack squated
bishops Oight ptove favoutab1e
fot White , Who is teady to set up
the paWn Wedge d4, e5 , f4, he
Oust Watch the danget of fa11ing
behind in deve1opOent . )
5. . . Oxf6
I48
( 5. . . f6 6 e5 6 7 d4 O7 is
a1so quite possib1e , but Tattasch
chooses the Oost putposefu1 con-
tinuation.)
6 e5 fd7
( The advance of the paWn to e5
cou1d bting gteat danget a1so to
ite . IOOediate events Wi11 shoW
Whethet this paWn is an outpost
ot a tatget fot attack , and fot
this p1an the ttansfet of the
knight to d7 is vety Ouch to the
point . )
7 4
( t is c1eat that 61ack , aftet
cast1ing , Wi11 begin to undetOine
the centte , in otdet to theteby
exp1oit his advantage in deve1op-
Oent. Thetefote White Oust act
quick1y and in the fitst p1ace
so1ve the ptob1eO of the deve1op-
Oent of his bishop . e cannot
fianchetto it: 7 f4 00 8 gJ f6
fJ fxe5 I0 xe5 xe5 I I fxe5 6
I2 $2 5 I, so he has to 1ose
tiOe in otdet to ptovide a Way
out fot the bishop a1ong the
f1-a6 diagona1 . )
7. . . 0-0 8 f4 6
( The natuta1 Oove is 8. . . c5 .
Tattasch ptefets to p1ay fot an
advantage in deve1opOent . )
cJ
( The teOoteness of the White
queen on the king ' s f1ank begins
to te11 - White begins to have
ttoub1e With the defence of the
c2 paWn 0n the natuta1 fJ ,
the thtust, 4 4 4, ptactica1 y
fotces I0 &I , since equa11y bad
ate both I0 aJ , because of I0. . .
f5 I I J c5 I2 cJ 5 IJ cxb4
aJ , and I0 4, because of
I0. . . c5 II aJ 5 I2 cJ cxd4 IJ
cxb4 7 . e has to spend anothet
teOpo to defend the d4 and b4
squates ftoO invasion by the
61ack knight . In giving this vat-
iation , Chigotin teOatked that he
did not Want to fotfeit cast1ing
in this gaOe . )
. . . d4 I I0 fJ
( The fitst ctitica1 position .
61ack ' s fine p1ay has not on1y
incteased his advantage in dev-
e1oent , but a1so cteated tens-
ion in the centte . The success of
his opening sttategy noW depends
on Whethet he can teOove the e5
paWn and bteak up the centte .
Thete ate seveta1 Ways to achieve
this . itst1y, 104 4 f6 I - the
Oost 1ogica1 , noW dangetous fot
White ate both II e6+ 8 and
II exf6 wf6, but a1so aftet the
te1ative1y bettet II cxd4 6 ,
61ack ' s advantage is obvious .
1so good is anothet Way , I0. . . f5
II OJ dxcJ I2 xcJ 5 IJ d4
O4 I The coOp1ications aftet I4
xe4 fxe4 I5 5 h6 I6xe6 xd4
I7 4 e6 ot . . . 2+ ate c1eat-
1y in 61ack ' s favout . Tattasch
ptoceeds a1ong this path , but
Oakes a ttansposition of Ooves ,
and this enab1es White to ho1d
his position by a hetoic effott . )
I0. . . dxcJ I I xcJ 5 I2 d4 f5
I4
( 61ack side-steps the ttap
I2. . . Oxd4 IJ 0-0-0I , and noW
Waits fot the Oove IJ OJ, so he
can then enttench his knight in
the centte by IJ. . . 4.)
I J exf6 I
( t fitst sight this seeOs sui-
cide to the Weakness of the d4
paWn is added a1so the Weakness
of the f4 paWn, Which gives tise
to the possibi1ity of . . . e5 . oW-
evet , it is on1y this Oove Which
ptesetves the tension in the
gaOe . conctete ca1cu1ation of
the pecu1iatities of this posit-
ion shoWs that the 45 is noW
deptived of suppott in the centte
and the thteat to take it pata1-
yses the 61ack queen, 61ack ' s
Oain attacking Weapon . )
IJ. . . f6 I4 dl I
( Chigotin conducts a difficu1t
defence With teOatkab1e coOpos-
ute . 6y defending the d4 paWn, he
a1so inditect1y defends the f4
paWn . It seeOs this aiO is a1so
setved by cast1ing - I4 0-0-0.
Tattasch consideted that , in this
case , 61ack Wou1d obtain the ad-
vantage by Oeans of I4. . . e5 I5
4+ 8 I6 fxe5 O6+ I7 5 xfJ
I8 h6 cJ+ I 2 gxh6 hoW-
evet, if one continues the vat-
iation - 20 &cJ 4+ 2I 2 Of2
22 Oxh1 2J f8+ , then it
becoOes c1eat that 61ack gets
Oated . Nevetthe1ess , the paWn
Weaknesses on the queen 's f1ank
Oake the position of the White
king on cl ptecatious , and 61ack
tetains the initiative aftet both
I4. . . a5 and a1so I4. . . O7 I5 gJ
e5 I6 Od5 6 . )
I4. . . O7
( This tetteat is a sOa11 victoty
fot White . oWevet , 61ack has no
usefu1 Oove to sttengthen his
position ot even ptevent his
opponent ftoO p1aying I5 A2 and
then cast1ing . I4 . seeOs
sttong, but thete is a sufficient
defence in I5 5 I j With a thteat
on c5| wg5 I6 fxg5 , and 61ack ' s
initiative evapotates . 1so I4. . .
e5 does not Wotk because of I5
4+ 8 I6 fxe5 Ag4 I7 exf6 . )
I5 J I
( I t Wou1d be unfavoutab1e fot
61ack to take White ' s d4 ot f4
paWns I5 . . f4 I6 f4 j I6
e6+ Wou1d be bad since it ftees
61ack ' s gaOe aftet I6. . . 8 I7
O5 45 61ack stands We11| f4
I 7O5 O6 I8 Oxc7 8 I 0-0 7
20 5 . 0espite a11 the appatent
dangets of the Oove I5 J , this
is the on1y, but nevetthe1ess
adequate , Oeans of neutta1ising
61ack ' s initiative . I5 gJ Wou1d
ho1d no ptoOise of a quiet 1ife ,
in vieW o f I 5 . . . e5 I I6 4+ 8 . )
I5. . . O6
(s the ftonta1 attack on the d4
and f4 paWns is not succeeding ,
Tattasch inc1udes a1so the f8 ,
and ftees the f6 squate fot the
O7 . 6esides this , 61ack does not
abandon the idea of p1aying . . . e5
I50
and fot this he Oust defend the I7. . . 5 I8 4 f4
h7 paWn , since an iediate I5. . .
e5 fai1s to I6 5 g6 I7 fxe5 | )
I6 0-0|
( Chigotin coOp1etes his deve1op
Oent , With an aWateness of the
finest nuances of defence . gain
61ack cannot take the f4 paWn
I6. . . f4 I7 h7+ | 8 I8 J
xfJ I fJ h7 20 c7, and
the c1ustet of 61ack pieces can
not be deve1oped Without 1oss .
ot the 1ast tiOe , 61ack cou1d
tty to exp1oit the vis-a-vis of
the A8 and the White queen, by
p1aying I6. . . e5 , but again
Without advantage I7 5 Of6 I8
J 5 I 4 f4 20 A4+ With
a vety sttong attack . 0ne is
sttuck by the tiOe1y , siOp1e
1ooking but deep1y conceived
Ooves of Chigotin . In a vety
shatp situation , he does not feat
ghosts , but , at the saOe tiOe , he
a1so does not get cattied aWay by
Oitages . Thus noW I6 5 1ooks
teOpting, but aftet I6. . . f6 I7
J 5 | I8 h7+ 8 I 4
Oxf4 | White ' s position once again
becoOes ctitica1 . )
I6. . . Of6 I7 J | ?
( 0ne Oust exp1ain this Oove by
pute1y spotting considetations ,
since , in this 1ast gaOe of the
Oatch , Chigotin Was tequited to
p1ay fot a Win . I7 5 g5 I8
fxg5 O5 I W1 Wou1d have 1ed
to a quiet position With soOe ad
vantage fot White . )
I5I
( NoW White intensifies the gaOe ,
and, fot this putpose , has vo1
untati1y given up the 1ong suff
eting f4 paWn . oWevet , thete is
1itt1e tisk invo1ved , since his
pieces ate active1y p1aced ,
Whi1e , on the othet hand , 61ack ' s
took and bishop ate sti11 not
deve1oped and the knight and
queen ate sudden1y shoWn to be
id1e on the edge of the boatd .
The Oost tense situation Wou1d be
cteated by the Oove I wI , aftet
Which White Wou1d have Oany Ways
to futthet sttengthen his posit
ion 20 O5 , 20 O4, 20 A4 , ot
even 20 d5 . Chigotin ' s choice is
quite unexpected. )
I g4 | ? Of6 20 h6
( White ' s p1an consists of a tapid
exchange of the active 61ack
pieces , so as to tty to bteak
thtough to the eneOy caOp With a
sOa11 fotce , befote 61ack intto
duces the and A8 into p1ay .
In this position, Oany Wete puzz
1ed by Tattasch ' s tefusa1 to cap-
tute the g-paWn, and that even
With check . oWevet , he bteaks a
1ance fot nothing , the g4 paWn is
of no va1ue . 6ut What cou1d ptove
iOpottant is the fact that the
took , by Ooving aWay ftoO f4 to
g4, has 1eft the f6 undefended
and the ]uOp of the White knight
on fJ is noW vety sttong . 0iving
conctete vatiations, Chigotin
shoWs that , by taking the second
paWn - 20. . . xg4+ 2I 1 gxh6
61ack Wou1d ptobab1y be exposed
to gteatet danget
(I) 22 5 7 2J 5 xe5 24
xf6 6+ 25 Ac6 xc6 26 xe6
xd4 27 W7 and White s chances
ate not Wotse .
( 2) 22 4I 7 2J b4 I f8 24 a4
xb4 25 5 7 26 xd7 xd7 27
Ae6+ 8 28 d5 I With an active
position .
Chigotin conc1uded that "if
61ack , in conducting the defence ,
tties to ho1d on to the tWo paWns
he has Won, then he Wi11 be sub
]ected to a vatied and dangetous
attack" . ftet 1ong thought and
agonising de1ibetation, Tattasch
te]ects the Oove 20. . . xg4+ . )
20. . . gxh6 2I 5 xf1+ 22 Af1
xe5 2J dxe5
( Chigotin sttived fot this type
of position, When Oaking his sut
ptising thtust I g4. If the took
bteaks thtough to d8, it ties
doWn 61ack s fotces . oWevet , the
vu1netabi1ity of White s g4 and
e5 paWns enab1es 61ack to easi1y
I52
bting the gaOe to a dtaWn posit
ion, fot exaOp1e 2J. . . xg4 24
J xe5 25 d8+ &7 26 5 6
27 8 7 28 8 8 2 xc7
7 . 6ut Tattasch , having an ex-
tta paWn, does not Want to a11oW
the White took into his caOp. . . . )
2J. . . 5 24 4 b6
( 61ack Oust 1iOit the Oobi1ity of
the 4, since , aftet 24. . . 7 ,
unp1easant is not the coObination
indicated by Chigotin, 25 xd5
exd5 26 f6+ &7 27 xd7 b6 I 28
f6 c6 I fo11oWed by . . . 6 , but
siOp1y 25 5 . )
25 $2 7 26 f6+ 7
(61ack is quite tight in te]ect
ing the took ending With an extta
paWn, but Without any chances of
victoty 26. . . xf6 27 Ab7 8 28
exf6 xb7 2 7 . oWevet , it is
point1ess Wottying about the h7
paWn . e shou1d p1ay 264 e &7
fo11oWed by . . . 7 . )
275+ 8 28 Ad5 exd5
(61ack cou1d ho1d the position
aftet 284 4 e Ad5, fot exaOp1e , 2
f1 I 2 f6+ &7 I| f8 J0 f6+
8 JI f4 I 7 J2 d4 8 .
61ack s 1ast Oove sutptising1y
a11oWs the e5 paWn to ga11op fot
Watd, and the tide begins to tutn
in White ' s favout . )
2 e6 I
( White thteatens f1 , f7 , f6+ .
0n 2. . . 8 Wou1d fo11oW J0 e1 . )
2. . . 6?
( Tattasch ptobab1y did not see 2
e6 , and the Oove of the bishop to
c6 setves as ptoof of his confus-
ion . e shou1d bting up his king :
2. . . 8 J0 f1+ &7 . )
J0 1 8 JI f6+ 7 J2 xd5 c5
JJ f1 I
( White cuts off the eneOy king
ftoO the e6 paWn . )
JJ. . . 8 J4 f5 d6
( It is to 61ack s advantage to
fotce the e6 paWn to advance to
e7. ot this putpose , J4. . . $6 J5
5 e8 J6 f4 9f7 desetves
attention. )
J5 5
( aving achieved a c1eat advant-
age, White noW pto1ongs the
sttugg1e. The Win of a piece by
J5 7 A6 J6 e7 decides the
gaOe , fot exaOp1e , J6. . . 6 J7
e8() Ae8 J8 xe8 1+ J 2
d2+ 40 f2 , ot J6. . . 1+ J7 2
2+ J8 &J j J8 J 2+ J J
2 | | J8. . . xh2 J e8() j It is
possib1e to Win a1so by Oeans of
the suggestion of Chigotin ' s con-
teOpotaty , 1eOents : J 6+ 6
40 f4+ 7 4I 5+ .| J. . . Ae8
40 xe8+ 6 4I f2 xf2 42 f2
h5 4J gxh5+ h5 446 a6 45 8
4 46 7 a5 47 &J etc . )
J5. . . 8 J6 2 A6 J7 f4 f8 J8
J 6 J e7 8 40 e6+ &7 4I
xh6 4 42 e6
(s a tesu1t, White has Won a
paWn, but the Win is sti11 fat
off since the e7 paWn is an ob-
vious Weakness . )
42. . . 7
( The bishop Oust tetteat a1ong
the a8-h1 diagona1 , in otdet to
avett the invasion of the knight
on d5, but Tattasch tWice te]ects
the Oove . . . 98 . nd it is pte-
cise1y in this case that the Oan-
oeuvte f4-e6-d8 1oses sttength
and the e7 paWn is 1ost . )
4J eJ A6
( "0n 4J. . . 8 Wou1d fo11oW 44 6
and 61ack cannot take the paWn. "
Tattasch . )
44 g5 e8
( NoW, in tep1y to 44. . . 98 , 61ack
cou1d cteate thteats to the h7
paWn , aftet 45 5 8 46 f6 ,
and obtain a Winning position,
fot exaOp1e : 46. . . xe7 47 xe7+
e7 48 xh7 4 4 f6 1 50
d5+ and 5I J . )
45 6 8 46 f8 7 47 e6 &7
48 e5 7 4 4 8 7 &5
( With the activisation of the
White king, 61ack ' s chances of
sa1vation vanish . Though the out-
ce of the sttugg1e is c1eat ,
the tai1-piece of the gaOe is
e1egant and not 1acking intet-
est . )
50. . . b5 5I d5 7 52 xh7 c4 5J
f6 cJ 54 e5 7
( 0n 54. . . c2 , Wou1d have fo11oWed
55 g6+ 7 56 xe8+ 6 57 1
c1() 58 xc1 xc1 5 6 and
White Wins . )
55 xe8+ xe8 56 &6 8 57 &7
c2 58 e1 I -0
( titanic batt1e . 61ack gave a
bti11iant 1esson in bui1ding up
his gaOe in the opening . In tep1y
I5J
White gave a vittuoso disp1ay of
accutate , active defence , With
aOazing ski11 , he abtupt1y chang-
ed the chatactet of the sttugg1e
and shoWed fine technique in the
endgaOe . is victoty Was fu11y
desetved . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin |
42 Chigotin - Schiffets
( I0th Match 0aOe , etetsbutg I85)
Sici1ian 0efence
I e4 c5 2 J 6 J fJ e6 4 2
A7 5 gJ d5 6 g2 f6 7 dJ 0-0 8
0-0
(6y a ttansposition of Ooves is
teached one of the basic posit-
ions of the Chigotin systeO 2 2
in the tench 0efence , Which at
the tiOe gave btoad scope fot
cteativity . 61ack can choose p1ay
accotding to his taste - eithet a
paWn offensive on the queen ' s
f1ank With . . . b5-b4, ot Oaintain
ing the tension in the centte
With 8. . . 8 , ot, What is vety
1ogica1 , to seize space in the
centte . )
8+ 4 a d4 I e5
( With co1outs tevetsed, a We11
anaysed j today I | position of the
ing s Indian 0efence is teached:
I d4 f6 2 c4 g6 J J g7 4 e4
d6 5 fJ 0-0 6 A2 e5 7 00 6 8
d5 7 . Not so 1ong ago it Was
once again ttied, in a candidates
Oatch fot the Wot1d chaOpionship .
White ' s position - but app1ied to
the ptesent gaOe , 61ack ' s posit-
I54
ion - desetves the ptefetence ,
since he has at his disposa1 a
c1eat p1an of a paWn attack by
4 4 b5 and c4, Which can be supp-
otted by the knight ttansfetting
ftoO f6 via d7 to c5 )
I0 1 6 I I I g4 I2 fJ 7
IJ f4 ac8 I4 bJ
( This position Was a1Oost tepeat-
ed j With co1outs tevetsed| in the
Jtd Match 0aOe, TaiOanov-ischet ,
I7I : I d4 f6 2 c4 g6 J J g7
4 e4 d6 5 fJ 0-0 6 A2 e5 7 0-0
6 8 d5 7 2 8 I0 cI f5
II OJ b6 . Even if hete , aftet I2
exf5 gxf5, the good continuation
IJg5 I f6 I4 f4 had occutted to
TaiOanov , With the he1p of Which
he seizes the initiative , then
Chigotin s dep1oyOent of pieces -
2, dI j instead of . . . 8 , 7 ,
as ischet s | is Oote favoutab1e ,
since i t ptactica11y e1iOinates
the unp1easant invasion of the
knight on eJ. 11 the saOe ,
Schiffets ought to have p1ayed
I4o 4 n exf4 and, on I5 gxf4, con-
tinued I5. . . 8 I I6 fJ f5 I , te-
taining equa1 chances )
I4. . . 8 I5 f5 8
( The advance of the f2 paWn to f5
is White ' s fitst achieveOent ,
since it faci1itates the advance
of anothet paWn - the "g" . 61ack
huttied1y otganises a defence . )
I 6 g4 8 I7fJ
( The exchange of the b1ack squat-
ed bishops on the g5 squate Oust
be ptevented. NoW I8 h4 Ah4? I
g5 | is thteatened . )
I7. . . g5
(1so this Oethod of defence is
Wotthy of study and is consideted
quite te1iab1e , the Oote so since
I7. . f6 seeOs too passive
I7. . . f6 I8 h4 b5 I 2 A8 20
I 9f7 2I J c4 22 g5 | )
I8 f2 f6 I h4 h6 20 2 7 2I

( White has Oanaged to bting to a

ha1t the attack of the White h
and g-paWns , by consttucting in
its Way a sttong paWn taOpatt , in
Which the g5 paWn is fottified by
the f6 and h6 paWns, Which in
theit tutn ate fitO1y defended by
the8 . NoW 61ack cou1d teotgan-
ise his fotces f8-f7, 7-f8 ,
f7-g7 , 97-e8-f7 , and on1y then
atty out the bteak . . . b5 and
4 . )
2. . . b5 22 J a5
( p to hete , one can pethaps
atgue about the qua1ity of
1ack ' s individua1 Ooves , but noW
it Was a1teady necessaty fot hiO
to p1ay 22. . . c4, in otdet , aftet
2J 92 , to dtive the bishop back
to With the Oove 2J. . . cJ . In
this case , White Wou1d not be
ab1e to bting the a ovet to the
ttack , and its effectiveness is
shatp1y teduced . )
2J 92 A8 24 2 9f7?
(61ack Oisses the 1ast oppottune
oOent fot evacuating his king
toO the danget zone j 24. . . f7
o11oWed by . . 8 , 7 and 9f

|
and instead of this 1ocks it up
in a cage With his oWn pieces
White ' s task becoOes extteOe1y
c1eat - a sactifice of a piece on
g5 . )
/ h 4
( 1as , fteeing the Way fot the
king hete by 25. 8 is ptobab1y
too 1ate , since aftet 26 hxg5
fxg5 27 xg5 Ag5 28 Ag5 hxg5 2
2 , White has a Oost dangetous
attack fot the piece . )
26 J
( Chigotin p1ays inaccutate1y .
ftet 26 hxg5 fxg5 27 J , he
cou1d have p1aced his opponent in
a hope1ess situation, fot exaOp1e
27. . . xa2 28 xg5 Ag5 2 xg5
hxg5 J0 7+ 6 JI Ag5+ | g5
J2 1h6 | xh6 JJ 2+ 6 J4
wh6+ &7 J5 6 Oate . )
26. . . gxh4+
( The on1y chance of ho1ding back
the ons1aught of the White
pieces . 6oth of White ' s knights
noW stand in the Way of his
tooks , and Whi1e he is c1eating
the Way , 61ack can cteate count-
etp1ay . )
27xh4 c4?
( 61ack at once Oisses his 1ucky
chance . 0n1y aftet 27 . . xc2
fo11oWed by . . . OJ Wou1d he Oan-
age to take White ' s datk squated
bishop out of p1ay and tetain
hopes of ho1ding the position . In
the vatiation 28 Ah6+ xh6 2
wc2 8 J0 fJ c4 | 61ack not
on1y ho1ds the defence but a1so
I55
ptesetves his ptospects on the
queen s flank )
28 Of2
28. .cJ
( NoW one can tty to undetstand
6lack s ptevious Oove . It seeOs
he undetestiOated the sactifice
of the bishop and teckoned on te-
futing the attack With the quite
coOfottable 2 l Oxa2 and
. . . Oxcl . LikeWise it is cleat
that 6lack Will be given not tWo
Ooves j the tetteat of the knights
on h4 and hJ| to teinfotce his
position, but only one , since on
28. . . 4c2 Would folloW 2 Ah6+
Oxh6 J0 6 cxdJ JI xh6 , and
White ' s attack becoOes decisive ,
fot exaOple : JI. . . $8 J2 OxdJ J
JJ xe5 | f7 j JJ. . . fxe5 J4 6+
&7 J5 Oxe5+ &8 J6 5+| J4 g6+
8 J5 xg8+ g8 J6 8+ | h8
J7 Oxf7+ and J8 4d8. The saOe
Oanoeuvte is also decisive in the
event of 28. . . cxdJ 2 cxdJ 2 J0
l xa2 . Then JI Ah6+ 4h6 J2
6 | Ag6 JJ xh6 8 J4 g6+
7 J5 g5 j J5 7+? &8 J6 g7
I56
96 gives 6lack good countet-
chances | 2 j White thteatened J6
5| J6 c2 4c2 J7 7+ &8 J8
g7 96 J 7 etc . )
2 Ah6+ | 4h6 J0 6
( White tisks little by the sac
tifice of the bishop 6lack has
no countetplay and Oust fot the
ptesent ]ust defend . oWevet , his
defence is not siOple, since he
can ptevent the invasion of the
White tooks on the h-file only by
giving back the Oatetial With
intetest . Thus , aftet J0. . . Ag6
j J0. . . 8 JI 7 Oate| , Would
folloW the fotcing Oating attack
JI xh6 g8 j Jl. . . 9f7 J2 7+| J2
xg6+ &8 JJ g5 fxg5 J4 5 9f6
J5 6+ etc . Thetefote he decides
to give up the queen. )
J0. . . 8 JI xh8 h8 J2 g5 fxg5
JJ xh6
(t fitst sight , even sttonget
Was JJ 4, hoWevet , the sutptis-
ing queen sactifice JJ. . . 4g4 |
j JJ. . . 6? J4 f6+| J4 xh8 h8
J5 xh8 h8 J6 g4 9f6 | alloWs
6lack to put up a successful te-
sistance . )
JJ. . . h6 J4 xh6 h6
( Thus White has Won the queen,
but the paWn chain s Oobility is
ftozen, and if 6lack Oanages to
place his bishop on f6 , he Would
save the gaOe . Chigotin sactif
ices the f5 paWn, in otdet to te-
vitalise the bishop and bteak
thtough With his queen via the f5
squate into 6lack s position.
oWevet , it Wou1d be bettet to do
this at once , not feating the
thteat to the c2 paWn . Chigotin
decides to patty the thteat to
the c2 paWn and dtive back the
knight , but , ftoO the c6 squate ,
the knight defends the e5 paWn . )
J5 aJ 6 J6 f6 Af6 J7 4+ 7
J8 Oxf6 f6 J J 7 40 J+
&7 4I 5
( Though the White queen is vety
active, the Win is sti11 fat off,
since , besides the dooOed g5
paWn , 61ack has no Weaknesses . I f
61ack noW p1ays 41. . . b4, then,
aftet 42 a4I 6 4J wg5 5
fo11oWed by . . . 6 , his position
Wou1d becoOe a tea1 fotttess .
White has to teckon With the
thteat to sactifice the bishop on
bJ , and , aftet an exchange of
bishops , 61ack, by p1acing the
took on d8 , to not a11oW the
White king futthet than the e6
squate , Wi11 a1so achieve a dtaW.
Schiffets Oakes a 1ast istake ,
as a tesu1t of Which the queen
obtains a neW ob]ect fot attack ,
and White fina11y Oanage to
ctush the opponent s tesi

tance . )
4I .. . 6? 42 b4
( I f 42 wg5 , then 42. . . b4 I With
chances of a successfu1 defence . )
42. . . axb4 4J axb4 7
( The paWn cannot be taken , since ,
aftet 4J. . . Oxb4 44 6+ I 5 45
we5+ , he Wou1d 1ose the Who1e of
his paWn chain. )
44 8 J
I57
( Though 61ack has 1et the queen
into his position, he sti11
tetains the capacity to defend
the gaOe . e shou1d not a11oW the
queen to a6 : 44. . . 7 45 8+ 7
46 8 7 etc . 6y keeping in
fotce the thteat of . . . J , he
cou1d put up a Oote stubbotn tes-
istance . )
45 6
( 0f coutse not 45 cxbJ c2 and
61ack Wins at once . )
45. . . g4 46 Ag4 g7
( Oote coOp1icated task Wou1d be
set fot White by the 1ogica1 con-
tinuation of the bishop Oanoeuvte
- 46. . . 4, on Which 61ack keeps
the b5 paWn defended and a1so
Waits fot a suitab1e OoOent to
captute the c2 paWn. oWevet ,
White Wou1d have a Win even then
aftet 47 6 I 8 , he ttansfets
the king to f6 and the bishop via
e6 to d5 j aftet 5+ |. 6ut
Schiffets a11oWs a tactica1 b1oW
and 61ack petishes at once . )
47 wb5 I 6 48 5+ 7
( uite bad is 48. . . 7 4 O5+ . )
4 b5 xg4+ 50 2 f4+ 5I &I
J 52 w6+ 8 5J b6 I-0
( n intetesting gaOe , chatactet-
ised by the difficu1ty in con
ducting both attack and defence
in Chigotin ' s favoutite setup . )
4J Chigotin - i11sbuty
( astings I85)
King ' s 0aObit 0ec1ined
I e4 e5 2 f4 5 J OfJ d6 4 4
6 5 J Of6 6 dJ 4 7 hJ fJ
8 fJ O4 J
( Chigotin entets a ptincipa1 atg-
uOent , since i11sbuty consideted
the sactifice of the a1 not
quite cottect . This coObination
Was We11-knoWn to the p1ayets
ftoO a gaOe betWeen 61ackbutne
and ndetssen in I87J . )
. . . Oxc2+
( ConteOpotaty theoty Oaintains
that 61ack can on1y tetain equa1
chances by the exchange . . . exf4 ,
fot exaOp1e, I0 g7 f8 I I 1
7 I2 f1 g8 j I2. . . 0-0-? IJ
xf4 5 I4 xf7 IJO6 xg2 I4
f4 . )
I0 I OxaI I I g7 &7
( It Was ptecise1y With this Oove
that i11sbuty teckoned to tefute
Chigotin ' s attack , by Ooving his
king ovet to the queen 's f1ank .
The natuta1 Way , defending the f7
squate by II. . . f8 , does not suc-
ceed , since aftet I2 fxe5 dxe5 IJ
g5 7 I4 f1 5 I5 f7+ 7
I6 e5 , 61ack cannot ho1d out
fot 1ong . )
I 2 fxe5 dxe5 IJ fI 7 I4 f7
( It is difficu1t to undetstand
Why Chigotin did not p1ay I4 g5 .
The thteat of I5 f6 cou1d be
pattied in tWo Ways - I4. . . g8
and I4. . . 5 . oWevet , I4. . . 8
is tefuted easi1y : I5 f7 xg5
I6 w6+ &8 I7 f6 g7 I8 e5
c6 I fJ| and the 7 cannot
Oove aWay because of 20 f8+ |
Chigotin consideted that 61ack
I58
cou1d defend by I4. . . 5 I5 f7
8 I6 e7 e7 I7 h5 f8 ,
but aftet I8 f5 | 61ack ' s posit-
ion teOains difficu1t . oWevet ,
aftet I4 g5 5 I5 f7 8 ,
61ack ' s defence cou1d be deOo1-
ished Oote siOp1y by I6 5+ 8
I7 e5 , thteatening I8 e7+ ,
a1so I7. . . f8 cannot be p1ayed
because of I8 7+ | White has a
sttong attack a1so aftet I6 6+
&8 I7 5 | c6 I8 6+ 8 I
e7 cxb5 20e5 tobab1y Chig-
otin Wanted to ptove that White ' s
attack i s sttong even if i11s-
buty does catty out the intended
f1ight of the king to the queen ' s
f1ank )
I4. . . 8 I5 5 f8 I6 6+ 8
I7 6
( Though , as befote, White has the
initiative, his attack has sub-
sided and the sttugg1e dtags on .
NoW he is fotced to Oove aWay the
bishop, since on I7 e5 Wou1d
fo11oW I7. . 8 ot even I7 . .
4 . )
I7. . 8 I8 e5 O7
( nothet defensive possibi1ity
Was I8. . . 8 , but 61ack Wants to
bting the knight ovet to b6 , in
otdet to Weaken the defence of
the dJ paWn . )
I 5 O6 20 95 a6
( 0n1y a 1itt1e bettet Was the
othet defence : 20. . . 4d5 2I d5
d5 22 Oxd5 a5 , since 61ack does
not succeed in btinging out the
took via a6 - 2J 9f4 96 24 e5 |
A5 25 e6 96 26 Ad6 cxd6 27 e7
7 28 f7 , and his position
j despite the extta took in the
ending I | teOains difficu1t . )
2I 2 Oxd5 22 Oxd5 g8 2J g4
( Since the 1oss of the 61ack
knight is inevitab1e, Oatetia1
equi1ibtiuO can be consideted as
te-estab1ished. oWevet , the in-
itiative and positiona1 advantage
1ies c1eat1y on White s side . is
pieces occupy doOinating posit-
ions Whi1e , fot the ptesent ,
61ack ' s heavy pieces , especia11y
the 8 , do not take patt in the
gaOe
61ack Oust noW decide Whete to
1ook fot countetchances - in the
endgaOe ot in coOp1ications . et
us exaOine te fitst Way : 2J. . .
5+ 24 Ag5 g5+ 25 g5 xg5
26 xaI , ot 2J. . . c6 24 Oxe7 j 24
4J $5+ 25 Ag5 xg5 26 h7?
6 I| 24. . . e7 25 4+ 8 26
5+ 7 27 xaI f5 28 exf5 &7
2 eI e8 J0 e4 - in this end-
ing White has gteat chances of
success , thanks to his passed
I5
paWns . 1so , in the event of
2J. . . A5 24 xal c6 25 f4+ 7
26 47 4 27 c5+ c5 28 AJ
eJ+ 2 &eJ af8 , Chigotin
assessed the ending aftet J0 O6
f6 JI O4 h5 J2 gI , fo11oWed by
Of5 , as Winning fot White . In the
1ast vatiation , 61ack , adOitted-
1y, cou1d Oaintain a shatp
sttugg1e by p1aying 26. . . 4+
j instead of 26. . . 4| , and on1y
aftet 27 &2 Oove aWay the took -
27. . . 8 . oWevet , both 28 aJ and
a1so 28 5 Wou1d 1eave White
With the advantage . i11sbuty
chooses pethaps the te1ative1y
best continuation, incteasing the
activity of his queen and took. )
2J. . . 4+ 24 Oxb4 4 I 25 42 I
( It seeOs that 61ack ' s idea Wou1d
be Oost siOp1y tefuted by the
effective 25 f8 I , fot exaOp1e :
25. . . b2+ 26 &J 42+ 27 Oxc2
c2 28 h7 a2 2 f7 g5 J0
xc7 5 JI 96 I 7 J2 A5+ 8
JJ 7 hoWevet aftet 25. . . xf8 I
26 xf8+ 7 27 xa8+ &a8 28
w8+7 2 7 b2+ thete is a
1ong sttugg1e in ptospect .
Leading sutptising1y to a diffi-
cu1t position fot White is 25
xal b4+ 26 2 g6 I 27 fI
c6+ 28 I 4 I ot 27 I 4+
28 I 6+ ot 27 92 4+ 28 bJ
6+ .
6y te]ecting the Win of the dooO-
ed knight , Chigotin endeavouts
to Oaintain the activity of his
pieces . )
25. . . xc2 26 c2 g6
( Hisky but quite possib1e Was the
continuation 26. . . 7 27 c5 I
since , aftet 28 J 4+ 2 1
ac8, a11 of 61ack ' s pieces a1so
entet the gaOe )
27 92 6 28 4+ 2 l
a2 J0 AJ
( 61ack has Oanaged to Win back
one paWn and obtain soOe countet-
chances , hoWevet, his position is
Oote difficu1t since Chigotin has
bui1t a sttong defence atound his
king and his pieces occupy quite
active positions . 61ack ' s on1y
tea1 chances of saving the gaOe
depend on Whethet he can quick1y
bting into p1ay the i11fated
a8 . NoW White is thteatening to
Win by JI f8+ 7 J2 5+ 6 JJ
94I and so thete is no tiOe to
defend the h7 paWn. e Oust
choose betWeen J0. . . 7 and J0. . .
b5 . Though J0. . . 7 cou1d be
p1ayed JI 5+ 6 J2 94 d8 I
JJ J + J4 2 xd4 I White
Wou1d nevetthe1ess face his Oost
difficu1t task aftet J0. . . b5 ,
enab1ing the 61ack king to Oove
to b7 and fotcing White to Watch
out fot the futthet advance of
the bpaWn. Chigotin consideted
that, in tep1y to J0. . . b5 , White
cou1d ca1O1y take the h7 paWn
JI f8+ 7 J2 xa8 a8 JJ h7 ,
but this is not so . 0n the J2nd
Oove, 61ack , With the intetOed-
iate Oove J2. . . xdJ I , Wou1d guat-
antee hiOse1f at 1east a dtaW,
I60
and, indeed , if We continue With
Chigotin ' s vatiation JJ. . . b4 I
ot JJ. . . xdJ, then it becoOes
c1eat that White Oust fight fot
the dtaW. It seeOs that , aftet
J0. . . b5 , White Wou1d have to go
in fot a vety shatp endgaOe : JI
e5 I 6 J2 f6 xcJ+ I j J2. . . 7
JJ xc6 c6 J4 h7 b4 J5 w4+
and Wins| JJ bxcJ + J4 2
2+ J5 &J cJ fo11oWed by
. . . 7 , in Which he Wou1d tetain
the soOeWhat bettet chances .
i11sbuty Was in tiOettoub1e ,
and his 1ast Oove befote the con-
tto1 is undetstandab1e : not hav
ing tiOe to ca1cu1ate the vatiat-
ions , he takes aWay the c5 squate
ftoO the White queen . )
J0. . . 6 JI h7 b5 J2 w7
( With the fa11 of the h7 paWn,
the sactifice . . . xcJ+ is not
dangetous fot White , but thete is
no othet countetp1ay fot 61ack .
The Oove J2. . . a5 offeted soOe
chances of sa1vation, but i11s-
buty Oakes a decisive Oistake . )
J2. . . J JJ &2 I a5 J4 f5 I
( i11sbuty aitted aftetWatds
that , in p1aying J2. . . a5 , he had
ovet1ooked this tep1y. NoW J4. . .
b4 J5 5+ 7 is tefuted by the
tep1y J6 94+ I 6 J7 B7 . 61ack
cannot sttengthen his position
futthet , and his initiative ab-
tupt1y subsides . )
J4. . . 7 J5 B7 aa6 J6 g5 x5
J7 c5 6 J8 5 I
( The outcoOe of the gaOe becoOes
c1eat . 61ack cannot ptevent the
advance of the g-paWn . )
J8. . . 4 J g6 b4 40 g7 bxcJ+ 4I
bxcJ OJ 42 g8()
j The We11-knoWn Oastet and chess
]outna1ist , 0. Matco , in one of
his tepotts on the toutnaOent ,
te1ates an aOusing incident :
"Chigotin, in ptoOoting his paWn ,
instead of a queen p1aced an
upside-doWn took, and then pto-
ceeded to a neighbouting tooO in
otdet to obtain a White queen . En
toute he tan into Lasket , Who ,
quick1y Oeeting hiO ha1f-Way and
taking into account that White
had yet anothet tWo ittesisble
passed paWns on the boatd, handed
hiO thtee queens With the Wotds
"I ttust , Mt Chigotin, that
these Wi11 be enough fot you | " |
42. . . cJ+ 4J &2 2+ 44 J
1+ 45 J 1+ 46 4 &2+ 47
5 &J+ 48 4 &6 4 f5 6+
50 4 7+ 5I 5 I-0
( vety intetesting gaOe . ftet
"Oisfiting" the fitst phase of
the attack , Chigotin continua11y
fotced his opponent to so1ve the
Oost difficu1t ptob1eOs . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin. |
44 Lasket - Chigotin
( astings I85 )
ueen ' s 0aObit : Chigotin
I d4 d5 2 fJ 4 J c4 fJ 4
gxfJ 6 5 J e6 6 eJ 4 7 cxd5
d5 8 92
( The gaOe attives at one of the
I6I
ptincipa1 positions . 61ack gives
his opponent both the advantage
of the tWo bishops and a supet-
iotity of paWns in the centte ,
but in tetutn he obtains countet-
p1ay , patticu1at1y on the b1ock-
aded centte )
8. . . xcJ
( It is possib1e to Wait fot this
exchange , by p1aying 8. . . 7 ot
8. . . 5 , and exchanging on1y in
tep1y to aJ.
6ut it Oust be taken into account
that this Was the fitst Oeeting
of the best teptesentatives of
tWo opposing schoo1s of cteative
thought . That is Why , Without
de1ay , Chigotin exchanges his
bishop fot Lasket 's knight , one
can assuOe that he Oade this con
sciously , endeavouting to vety
quick1y obtain a position Which
cou1d setve as a basis fot a
ptincipa1 cteative atguOent .
The neW schoo1 , the basic ptin
cip1es of Which Wete ptoc1aiOed
by Steinitz , consideted the ad-
vantage of the tWo bishops , the
paWn centte and the possession of
open 1ines , vety iOpottant fac-
tots in the eva1uation of a pos-
ition . nd a1l these , a1teady on
the th( | ) Oove , Chigotin has
vo1untati1y given Lasket. . . . )
bxcJge7 I0 g1
(Lasket hutties to occupy the
open fi1e, though the thteat to
the g7 paWn is i11usoty . 0esetv-
ing attention is the sttengthen-
ing of the position in the
centte : I0 c4, and aftet I0. . O7
jot I0. . . 5| - II f4 . Latet the
bishops Wll Oove to cJ and g2
and obtain good ptospects . )
I0. . . 5
( 6lack Wants to at once eOphasise
the Weakness of the h2 paWn, but
alloWs a sttong tetott by his
opponent . Castling is sttonget ,
and only then the ttansfet of the
queen to h5 jWith the aiO of
playing . . . e5| , fot exaOple :
I0. . . 00 II c4 j on I I J , quite
possible is II. . . fJ I2 g2 5
IJ b7 h2 I4 000 ab8 | |
I I . . 5 I2 J 6 IJ gJ e5 I4
d5e7 . )
I I J |
( sttong Oove, aftet Which I2
xg7 6 IJ b7 is thteatened .
Thete ate thtee possible Ways to
defend against this thteat : I I . . .
8, I I . . . 8, and II .. . 00, but
ptobably only the last , the Oost
natutal Oove , gives 6lack a fully
acceptable defence . ftet I I . . .
00 I2 b7 h2 IJ J fc8,
folloWed by . . . 8-b8-b6 and Of5 ,
the position tathet favouts
6lack , but even on the sttonget
continuation, I2 J 8 IJ e4 |
6 I4 J O5 I5 9J e5 | , thete
atises a position, Which, though
bettet fot White , all the saOe
gives 6lack definite countet-
play )
I I . . . 8
( NoW White succeeds in exchanging
I62
queens , aftet Which the thteats
to the h2 and fJ paWns coOe to an
end and he is left With a posit-
ional advantage . )
I2 5+ b5 IJ Ab5 c6 I4 9J
( White has excellent ptospects in
the fotthcoOing sttuggle. Thete
is no possibility of taking on
the paWn centte as then his
bishops becoOe vety Oenacing .
6lack ' s pieces , fot the ptesent ,
ate passively placed, While his
ctaOped position ptevents hiO
ftoO quickly putting tight theit
cootdination. oWevet , the ab-
sence of Weaknesses gives 6lack a
position quite capable of being
defended . If he succeeds in giv-
ing the gaOe a closed chatactet ,
by liOiting the Oobility of the
White centte With paWns on f5 and
c5 j and even bettet . . . c4| , then
White ' s advantage Will disappeat .
Latet , Chigotin played the 6lack
pieces vety skilfully in siOilat
positions . The ptesent gaOe Was
his fitst atteOpt to Wotk out a
Oethod of testticting the Oobil-
ity of the opponent s bishops . )
I4. . . 6 I 5 f4 00 I6 2 8?
(n inaccutacy in the execution
of a cottect sttategical plan ,
Which Oight have had setious con-
sequences fot 6lack . With the
Oove I6 2 , White has not only
established coOOunication betWeen
the tooks , but also anticipates
the thtust . . . 4. Thetefote
6lack is obliged to play I6. . . f5 ,
teventing the opening of the
osition , and on1y then catty out
e advance . . . c5c4. itted1y,
n this case , aftet I 7 a4 8 I8
I f7 I 9J , White Wou1d have
significant positiona1 advant
ge , but noW it cou1d be even
teatet if he Wete noW to p1ay I7
3 . ftet I7. . . exf5 I8 Af5 7
e4, 61ack ' s position suddenly
etetiotates . It is hatd to be1
eve that Lasket did not see the
ve I7 f5 . ppatent1y he decided
not to give the 61ack O8 an out
et on e6 and ovetestiOated the
ttength of White ' s thteats on
e gfi1e . 0n1y With this is it
ssib1e to exp1ain his teection
f the Oove f5 j fot tWo Ooves
unning| . )
.7 J c5 I8 gI c4| I 2 f5 |
Z I f7
hat a sudden change in the
atactet of the position ovet
e 1ast fout Ooves | 61ack has
ucceeded in b1ockading the cen
te, Whi1e his 1ast Oove e1iOin
tes thteats to the g7 squate .
I6J
The activity of both the bishops
is shatp1y, and fot a 1ong tiOe ,
teduced, Whi1e the knights Wi11
obtain sp1endid outposts in the
centte . The outcoOe of the sttug
g1e noW 1atge1y depends on
Whethet White is ab1e to ttansfet
his tooks quick1y to the bfi1e
and 1oosen the queen ' s f1ank . )
2I 9J 6 22 5 a6 |
( ny OoveOent of the a7 and b7
paWns Wou1d cteate an extta ob
]ect of attack fot the White
pieces . In his tutn, 61ack fav
outab1y ptovokes the Oove a4,
since this Wi11 1iOit the sphete
of activity of the 2 . )
2J a4
( 6oth 2J aJ and 2J I ate not
good because of 2J. . . b6 24 4
6 25 a4 Oxb4 26 cxb4 O7 , and
then . . . O5 . )
2J. . . 6 24 1 d7 25 Jg1 e7
26 b2 O5 2 2 5
(61ack has continued to consist
ent1y iOptove the position of his
pieces , and it on1y teOains fot
hiO to ftee his a6 ftoO iOptis
onOent , aftet Which te success
of his sttategy Wou1d becoOe ob
vious . 0vet the next feW Ooves ,
Chigotin ptoceeds to futthet
sttengthen his position. )
j NoW thete sptings up the thteat
of . . . Oxf4 fo11oWed by . . . C3 .
The point of 61ack ' s Oove c1eat1y
1ies not in this thteat , but
siOp1y in the ttansfet of the
took to a bettet position . |
28 bI b6 2 J g6 J0 5 6
JI I O8 J2 I f7 JJ bI d6
( This coOplicated knight Oanoeu-
vte has only one aiO - to ptovoke
the Oove fJ . 6ut in his appatent-
ly quite pointless tegtouping,
White has been ptepating this
vety saOe Oove I The fact of the
Oattet is that he only needs to
play J and 2 and he Will be
teady fot the bteak e4 Lasket
catties out this ptepatation not
quite accutately j it is necessaty
to include the Oove h4| and if
Chigotin Wete noW to play not
JJ O6, but JJ. g5, then White
Would be faced With an unpleasant
choice : to give up the f4 paWn ot
alloW the invasion of the knight
on e4, aftet J4 fxg5 xg5 . )
J4 fJ f7 J5 aJI g5
( 0n the JJtd Oove , the fottuitous
possibility , JJ. . g5 , Would have
given 6lack teal chances of suc-
cess 6ut noW the atteOpt by
Chigotin to put tight his neglig-
ence ptovokes keen activity by
the White pieces Chigotin con-
tinues to look fot an active
plan, though it Was ptobably
Wiset to tetutn With the knight
to d6 , and, by placing the took
on f7 , to consttuct a fotttess . )
J6 2 I
( tecisely this . The cJ paWn is
noW defended by the took , While
the king , in leaving d2 , opens
the Way fot the I The thteat
is J7 fxg5xg5 J8 e4 and 6lack ' s
I64
teply is fotced. )
J6 gxf4 J7 e4 I
( The fJ paWn noW ptoves useful
6lack loses his sttong point in
the centte . )
J7 . f6 J8 f4 I
j I f J8 exf5 , then J8 . . exf5 J
f5 &7+ 40 2 O6 folloWed by
. . O5 With an excellent posit-
ion . |
J8. . 5
( 0nce again the position changes
out of all tecognition White has
fotOed an ideal centte, the 6lack
knights have been dtiven aWay
ftoO the centte, and the bishops
ate ]ust about to shoW theit
sttength . It seeOs that it is
necessaty fot White to tetteat
his bishop to d2 , fot exaOple J
2 fxe4 40 fxe4 e5 4I gI+ 8
4J Jal I exd4 4J cxd4 xd4? 44
4+ 8 45 J I , ot J . e5 40
exf5 I exd4 4I cxd4 , in both cases
developing an attack . Lasket
again isplays excessive caut-
ion. )
J AJ? f4 I
( Chigotin at once gets to Wotk to
again set up a blockade of the
position )
40 9f2 a5
( gain the took vainly ctaWls out
to a5 jWe tecall the 27th Oove| .
6lack Oight have at once etected
a second taOpatt in his blockade
- 40 . . e5 4I gI+ 8 , since the
obvious 42 dxe5 xe5 4J g5 is
tefuted by the siOple 4J . . 2 . )
4I I+ 8
( The exchange of tooks , by 4I
5, Wou1d be to White ' s advant-
age aftet 42 xg5+xg5 4J a5 )
42 aI?
( The iOOense effott expended in
the ptincipa1 batt1e gives tise
to a Oistake . In this gaOe, Las-
ket eithet geneta11y undetestiO-
ated the significance of the
1ockade , ot continued to consid-
et his position as Won, othetWise
e Wou1d have p1ayed 42 e5 and,
on 42 . b5 , tep1ied 4J aaI ,
aftet Which White s advantage
cou1d becoOe ovetWhe1Oing . )
2 . e5 |
( Chigotin does not 1et s1ip the
ent to again c1ose the gaOe )
4J bI 7 44 4 c7 45 I 6
46 I
( White Wtong1y teftains ftoO the
opening of the b-fi1e by Oeans of
6 92 b5 47 xb5 , aftet Which
oth of his tooks Wou1d occupy
thteatening positions )
6. d8 |
succeeded, if not in equa1ising
the position j aftet his Oistake
on the J5th Oove| , then, at
1east , in avoiding a quick death .
NoW White has to Oake a tespons-
ib1e decision, Which Wi11 1atge1y
detetOine the chatactet of the
futute sttugg1e e cou1d tty to
1iOit the Oobi1ity of the knight ,
by advancing the d-paWn, and,
aftet 47 d5 O6 48 A2, to bting
the took again ovet to the
gfi1e . In this case, 61ack Wou1d
exchange one pait of tooks on g7
and ttansfet the O8 via b7 and
c5, setting up a defensib1e pos-
ition The gteatest difficu1ties
1ying in stote fot 61ack to ovet-
coOe , Wou1d atise if White Wete
to sttive fot the opening of the
gaOe by Oeans of 47 dxe5 | , fot
exaOp1e, 47 . 46 48 e6 | j but not
48 5 xb5 4 axb5 4xe5 50 d5
&7 | | 48. . fe5 4 A2 OJ 50
b5 . Lasket does not Want to
spoi1 his centte and Waits fot
61ack hiOse1f to exchange on d4.
In this , he notices that 47. . 46
48 xc4 xd4+ is pattied by the
Oove 4 dxd4 | , a1so , not Wanting
to te1ease the a5 ftoO iOptison-
Oent aftet 47 92 b5 , he decides
to ptepate the ttansfet of the
bishop to a2 )
47 d2 6 | 48 5
( I t becoOes c1eat that , on 48
xc4, Wou1d fo11oW 48. . . O6 | and
White s took is caught in a ttap,
(6y hetoic effotts , 61ack has Whi1e the atteOpt to catch the
I65
61ack took in a net , by 48 A2 ,
fai1s to 48. . . exd4| 4 Ad4 Oxb4
50 cxb4 5 . )
48. . . xa4
( 61ack ' s took coOes into p1ay ,
taking an iOpottant paWn on the
Way . )
4 dxe5 Ofxe5
( This gaOe is sttiking by its
ka1eidoscopica11y changing ev-
ents . 0n1y thtee Ooves eat1iet ,
it seeOed that 61ack had soOe
Wotk to do to coOp1ete the b1ock
ade of the centte , and achieve
equa1ity . nd noW he a1teady has
an extta paWn , his tooks thteaten
to bteak into the opponent s caOp
on the a and gfi1es , Whi1e his
knight has again becoOe fitO1y
estab1ished in the centte , but
this tiOe not on d5 , but on e5 .
Lasket defends despetate1y , but
positions With active pieces and
conctete ca1cu1ation , Chigotin
p1ayed sp1endid1y . )
5 4 7 5I &2 6 52 d5
a1 | 5J 8 OJ+ | 54 AdJ
( The tetteat of the king 1eads to
Oate aftet 55. . . 4b4 | )
54. . . cxdJ 55 xdJ agl | 56 f5+
8
( The f4 paWn is iOOune ftoO cap
tute 57 xf4 g2+ 58 J el
Oate . White ' s 1ast hope is dashed
to the gtound . )
57 $5 xg5 0I
(n exceptiona11y tense batt1e of
ptincip1e , in Which each of the
pattnets fo11oWed, to the end of
the gaOe , a sttategy chosen
befotehand . Though this gaOe
shoWs the sttength of the paWn
centte and the poWet of the tWo
bishops , Chigotin nevetthe1ess
Won the cteative atguOent . TWice
in the gaOe , Lasket had evety
thing to Which he aspited, and
each tiOe Chigotin deOonsttated
an effective Oethod of p1ay
against both the paWn centte and
the tWo bishops the Oethod of
b1ockade . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin ( )
and HoOanovsky j | . |
45 Tattasch Chigotin
( astings I85)
ueen s aWn
I d4 d5 2 eJ Of6 J J 46 |
( ety sttong . White Oust p1ay f4
at once j othetWise 4. . . e5 ||, but
he has had no tiOe to p1ay cJ . )
4 f4 O4 | 5 OfJ
( ftet 5 A2 Wou1d have fo11oWed
5 6 OaJ c5 7 cJ 46 With an
exce11ent gaOe fot 61ack . )
5. . . OxdJ+ 6 cxdJ
( To teinfotce the e4 squate . 11
the saOe , the doub1ed paWn de
ptives the White paWn Oass of
Oobi1ity . )
6. . . e6 7 0-0 A7 8 Od2 00 2
( White ' s 1ast tWo Ooves tevea1
his p1an he Wants to ho1d back
the advance of the 61ack cpaWn
and b1ockade the opponent s
queen 's side . oWevet this p1an
is not good because it is iOptac
I66
tica1 . Mote ptoOsng is 5 ,
I0 OfJ and then g4, With an
attack on the king ' s f1ank . )
. . . 7 I0 J 4 I I I J b6 I2
1 c5
( The aiO is achieved. NoW 61ack
sets about boObatding the paWn on
dJ. )
IJ 2 5 I4 5 fd7 I I5 1
xe5 I6 dxe5 8
( Thteatening I7. . . c4, When White
Oust not p1ay I8 d4 because of
18. . . cJ, Whi1e , aftet I8 dxc4,
61ack invades on the c-fi1e .
White ' s tep1y is fotced. )
I7 f2 f6 I8 AJ d4 I
( 61ack opens 1ines, since the tWo
bishops and a supetiot deve1op
Oent Oust te11 in an open posit-
ion . )
I exd4 cxd4 20 exf6 f6
( NoW White has tWo Weak paWns -
dJ and f4. )
2I 4 A5 22 Ac5 bxc5 2J 2
6 24 2 f8 25 af1 5 I
( Chigotin gives his opponent no
tespite , not even fot one Oove .
e thteatens 26. . . wa2 . 0n 26 aJ
Wou1d fo11oW 26. . . g5 I 27 fxg5
xf2 28 f2 xf2 2 &f2 5+
and J0. . . AdJ .)
j0n 26 bJ , Wou1d fo11oW of coutse
. . . a5 . |
26 J I e5 I
( ftet 26. . . wa2 ,
hiOse1f by 27 4,
Oust not be p1ayed
O6 . )
27 f5( ?)
White saves
When 27. . . f5
because of 28
I67
( Tattasch thought that he Wou1d
Oanage to set up a b1ockade With
the Ooves 28 4 and 2 bJ , and
this adOitted1y Wou1d give White
the advantage . oWevet the best
continuation fot White Wou1d be
27 4 f4 28 xf4 exf4 2 f4
8 I J0 bJ a5 and then . . . a4.
61ack Oaintains the ptessute , but
White ' s gaOe is sti11 viab1e . )
j e shou1d p1ay 27 fxe5 . |
27. . c4 I 28 4
28 . cxdJ I I
( beautifu1 and decisive coObin
ation. In the event of 28. . . f7
2 f6 g6 J0 &1 cxdJ JI 6 , the
chances ate on White ' s side .
ftet the sactifice of the ex-
change , 61ack s centte paWns Oust
decide the fate of the gaOe . )
2 xf6+ f6 J0 1 h6 JI 8+
7 J2 4I
( Thteatening JJ 5 and in the
event of a tetteat by the bishop
- JJ 8 With a Oating thteat on
the eighth tank . Sufficient to
Win noW is J2. . . a6 I JJ a4 e4 J4
axb5 eJ J5 b6 exf2+ J6 V1 w4 J7
2 J J8 f2 d2, ot JJ W 7 4
J4 7 1+ J5 f1 f1+ I J6 &f1
d2+ J7 2 xf5+ J8 J 5+ J
OJ b1() , but the continuation
chosen by 61ack fotces the Win
Oote e1egant1y . )
J2. . . 6 I JJ 8
I f JJ f8 , then JJ. . . d2 I I J4
xd2 4 J5 f2 xf8 J6 f8 5 I
and Wins . |
JJ. . . xf5 J4 8+
( No he1p is J4 8 4 J5 8+
6 J6 6+ O5 I j J6. . . f6? 1eads
to a dtaW: J7 xf6+ gxf6 J8 8+
O7 J 8+I| J7 xf5+ Wf5 J8
c6 d2 J 4 1+ and 61ack
Wins . )
J4. . . 6 J5 f8 g5 I J6 fJ d2
0-I
( bti11iant achieveOent by Chig
otin . )
Notes by Levenfish ( ) and 6ogo1
]ubov j | . |
46 Chigotin - TeichOann
( astings I85)
tench 0efence
I e4 e6 2 2 6 J fJ e5
( uite feasib1e , since the extta
Oove Oade by White - 2 2 , on1y
shuts in the 9f1 . )
4 cJ f6 5 dJ A7 6 gJ d5 7 $2
( Each pattnet chooses a p1an of
deve1oping fotces in accotdance
With his chess sty1e. 61ack
occupies the centte With tWo
paWns, but White, aftet secuting
possession of the e4 squate , pte
pates , aftet cast1ing, to catty
I68
out a paWn stotO on the king ' s
f1ank .
NoW 61ack , not feating the thteat
to the e5 paWn , cou1d ptoceed
With his deve1opOent by . . .6 ,
7 and then 0-0-0. 6 y exchanging
the d-paWn, TeichOann 1iquidates
the tension in the centte and
a1so ptedetetOines the sphete of
activity of the $2 , but he gives
ite the possibi1ity of occupy
ing the dfi1e and a1so ptospects
of invading on d5 With his
knight . )
7. . . dxe4 8 dxe4 96 d2 0-0 I0
4 6 II 0-0
( White ' s position c1eat1y has the
gteatet ptospects . e has at his
disposa1 Oany teOpting p1ans : I2
4, I2 d1 , I2 b4 . 61ack Oust
endeavout to put tight the cootd
ination of his pieces , fot ex
aOp1e , II4 4 4 7 and . . d8 . In
stead of this he Oakes seveta1
p1an1ess Ooves and finds hiOse1f
in a positiona1 bind. )
I I . o 4 8? I2 b4 a6 IJ fd1 7 I4
a4 f6 I5 J
I. . . b?
(ftet this vo1untatily cteated
eakness on b , 6lack ' s position
becoOes ctitica1 . e should p1ay
I. . . &7 I6 Ofd2 A7 , though also
in this case the initiative
teOains With White . )
6 axb axb I7OJ 8
( he need to defend the b paWn
oblges 61ack to give up the
afi1e . )
I8 1 O8 I 7 46 20 6 O8
2I O
( White consistently catties out a
sttategical offensive . he O
cannot be taken 2I. . . Ad 22
exd fo11oWed by and 9fI . )
2I . . . 7 22 OI c6 2JOJ 7
( Mote chances of a successful
defence Wete offeted by 2J. . . 8
jOaintaining contto1 ovet the f
squate| fo11oWed by the tegtoup-
ing f7 and 9f8 . )
24 I 2 Of I
( n unp1easant Oove . White does
not give the knight the chance to
Oove ftoO e8 to d6 . aking the
knight is again iOpossib1e , since
aftet 2. . . f 26 exf, the
bishop on g2 entets the gaOe With
decisive effect . )
2. . . 6 26 AJ AeJ
( 6lack tesigns hiOse1f to defeat ,
though a1so aftet the te1ative1y
bettet 26. . . g6 27 O6 7 28 Oxe8
xe8 2 &J f8 J0 OJ 7 JI a6
it Wou1d on1y be possib1e to pto-
long his tesistance . )
27 eJ f7 28 OJ
I6
( he thteat to invade on c With
the knight decides the gaOe .
61ack s ovetsight - necessaty Was
28. . . on1y shottens his
agony . )
28. . . 8? 2 Oxe fxe J0 xd8
A6 JI O6 I0
(0f coutse , 61ack ' s defence Was
not exeOp1aty , nevetthe1ess , the
intticate Wotk of Chigotin , in
accuOulating sOa11 advantages and
consistent1y Oaintaining a bind
on 6lack ' s position, is vety
iOptessive . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin. |
47 Chigotin - 0unsbetg
( astings I8)
Evans 0aObit
I e4 e 2 OfJ46 J 4 c 4 b4
Ab4 cJ 6 00 d6 7 d4 exd4
8 cxd4 6 4J $4 I0
( 0n I0 OJ Wou1d fol1oW I0. . . AfJ
II Af7+ 8 I2 gxfJ 4d4 to
6lack ' s advantage . )
I0. . . f8
( uite good, but even sttonget is
a pte1iOinaty I0. . . a6 and only
aftet I I 94 to p1ay II. . . f8 . )
I I AJ e7 I 2 a4 a
( hough 6lack noW obtains a
sttong point on b4, in so doing
he Weakens his king ' s f1ank .
he saOe opening Was p1ayed in
the telegtaph gaOe betWeen etet-
sbutg and London , I88687 . Sevet-
al chess Oagaines teOatked that
61ack shou1d p1ay the paWn to a6
and not to a . 6lack ' s p1an of
defence With the paWn Oove to a5
consists of p1aying the knight to
b4 , noW this squate is defended ,
in otdet to then continue at once
With . . . d5 , if White does not
ptevent this advance by p1aying
d5 hiOse1f, c1osing the diagona1
of the A4, then he cannot catty
out a successfu1 attack , Which is
possib1e eithet on the open dia
gona1 fot his bishop With the
centte paWns on d4 and e4, ot , as
seen in the gaOe , the open f-fi1e
fot his took . 61ack , in addition
to the p1an indicated above - to
fotce White to p1ay the Oove d5 -
Oakes avai1ab1e the c5 squate fot
the knight , Whch 1atet ttansfets
thete via a6 . Such is the p1an of
caOpaign With the Oove I2. . . a5 .
What the point is of I2. . . a6 , I
do not knoW. oWevet , the on1y
exp1anation it is possib1e to
give is that the paWn on a6
1atet , aftet Oany Ooves , ptevents
White ftoO p1aying the knight to
b5 . " Chigotin . )
1J A4 5
( I4 Af7 Was thteatened . )
I4 I 4
( NoW 61ack thteatens to secute a
ho1d on the centte With I5. . . d5 .
White ' s tep1y is fotced . )
I5 d5 AeJ( ?)
( 61ack Wants to Oanoeuvte Without
having any Weak points in his
caOp, but in this e undetestiO-
ates the danget connected With
the open ffi1e . ftet I5. . . 6 |
I70
I6 Ab6 cxb6 , 61ack ' s gaOe is
definite1y bettet since the Weak
ness of White ' s datk squates is
incutab1e. )
I6 fxeJ 8 I7 cI 6 I8 2 h6
IOd4 Ae2 20 e2 6
(0unsbetg Oanoeuvtes We11 and
finds exce11ent positions fot his
knights . )
2I fJ O5 22 gJ 45 2J fl 7
24 5
( NoW the open f-fi1e te11s . White
has eOetged With tactica1 chan-
ces . )
24. . . g8 |
( "White thteatened 25 xf7 Oxf7
26 6 . If 24. . . O7 , then 25 Of5
and if 25. . . g8 then 26 xg7+
and ate in tWo Ooves . " Chig-
otin. )
25 Of5 | &8 |
(Mate in thtee Was thteatened by
26 xg7+ etc . )
26 hJ |
( teventing . . . g6 . NoW White
thteatens g4-g5 . )
26. . . 4d7| 27 2 8
( I n otdet to Oeet 28 g4 With
28. . . 8 . 0n 28 5 Wou1d fo11oW
28. . . 45 . )
28 Ob5 c8 2Od4
diagtaO
2. . . c5?
( Thete ate not Oany Oastets to be
found Who keep ca1O and co11ected
undet a sttong attack . Steinitz ,
Chigotin and Lasket be1ong to
this se1ect feW. 61ack shou1d
ptepate . . . g6 by p1aying 2. . .
8 . ftet the tetteat of the
f5 , White ' s attack 1oses its
edge . In the event of J0. . . g6 ,
White cou1d Win the queen by JI
6 fxe6 J2 xh6+ , but at too
high a ptice . No he1p is J0 5
f6 JI 4 6 With Win of the e4
paWn . 6ut 0unsbetg, envisaging
al1 kinds of devastating coObin-
ations , is a1teady in a panic . In
the Who1e of the gaOe he has
avoided Weakening paWn Ooves , but
noW he Oakes a Oistake Which
1oses the d6 paWn . 6ad a1so Wou1d
be 2. . . c6 , since aftet J0 dxc6
bxc6 JI J , White soon Wins
eithet the a ot d-paWn . )
j 61ack gives up the d6 paWn in
otdet to ttansfet his queen s
took to the king s f1ank . Chig-
otin . |
J0 5 I 8 JI xd6 6 J2 5 I
6 JJ 4 8 J4 f4 b6 J5 fd6
f6 I J6 5 6?
(61ack gets caught by a coObin-
ation . ftet J6. . . g6 J7 2 f8 ,
I7I
thete is sti11 nothing decisive . )
J7 xf7 I 4f4 J8 exf4 &8
(61ack seeks sa1vation in a ttap .
I f J xh8 then J. . . xf4 I )
J g5+ I 8 40 6
( The White cava1ty , undet escott
by the infantty , decide the
batt1e in a feW Ooves . )
40. . . &7 4I J f8 42 6 7 4J
e5 xe6 44 dxe6 e6 45 J 7
46 e1 f8 47 f5 7 48 e6 I-0
j Notes by Levenfish. |
48 o11ock - Chigotin
( astings I85)
Evans 0aObit
I e4 e5 2 fJ6 J A4 A5 4 b4
Ab4 5 cJ 95 6 d4 exd4 7 0-0 d6
8 cxd4 6 J a5 I0 5 f6 I I
4 7
(Chigotin consideted that the
tetteat to h4 is not the best and
that the sttongest tep1y to it is
II. . . xc4 I2 4+ 7 IJc4 &7
I4 d5 6 I see the gaOe bet-
Ween Chigotin and akubovich,
Cottespondence I87 . )
I2 e1 I
( he shatpest and Oost 1ogica1
continuation . White p1ays fot the
opening of 1ines in the centte ,
not feating the exchange of
queens . ftet the catefu1 I2 hJ ,
61ack Oanages to conso1idate his
position in the centte : I2. . . 4c4
IJ 4+ c6 I4 c4 d5 . )
I2. . . 4 IJ e5I
(n intetesting and , in out opin-
ion , cottect decision in the ps-
ition. White a11oWs an exchange
of queens and tota11y "disintegt-
ates" his paWn chain. The 1ack of
paWns does not bothet hiO. The
centta1ised position of the tooks
on the open e and d-fi1es , the
poWet gained by the 4, and the
61ack king on e8 - a11 this gives
hiO sufficient gtounds fot open-
ing the gaOe . )
j n intetesting and deep1y ca1-
cu1ated coObination Which shoWs
o11ock 's ta1ent in a vety fav-
outab1e 1ight . Incidenta11y, at
the astings toutnaOent , o11ock
defeated both Steinitz and Tatt
asch . |
I J . . dxe5 I4 dxe5 d1 I5 xd1
Oxc4
j Not I5. . . f5 , because of I6 A6 | |
I6 exf6 gxf6 I7 f6
( no 1ess sttong continuation
seeOs to be I7 O5. oWevet ,
Levenfish pointed out that the
attack is tepu1sed by cast1ing
queen 's side , fot exaOp1e I7. . .
0-00 I8 4e7+ 8 I f6 xd1
20 xd1 f8 2I J fJ 22 xfJ
O2 2J f5 O4| 24 4 xf5 25
Oxf5 c5 |
advance
White ' s . )
I 7. . 7 |
and the 61ack paWns
Oote quicky than
( ttack and defence in this gaOe
is equa1 to the occasion. In the
event of I7. . . 0-0 I8 e7 fJ I
gxfJ xfJ , White , aftet 20 O4,
Wou1d obtain good piece p1ay fot
the paWn . )
I72
I8 e7 fJ I gxfJ 95 |
( 0espite the exchange of queens ,
the heat of the batt1e is in-
tense . Chigotin finds the best
tetott to the opponent ' s inevit-
ab1e invasion on the seventh tank
and sets a cunning ttap . Wotse
Wou1d be I. . e8 20 7 8 2I
O5 | ot I . g8+ 20 I g7 2I
7 8 22O5 . )
20 d7 | ?
( o11ock ptobab1y did not see
Chigotin 's sp1endid tep1y. White
sti11 has equa1ity 20 e4 |
j aftet 20 dJ e8 White 1oses|
cJ 2I xc4 A5 22 f4 | and 22. . .
8+ 2J I g4 is no good be-
cause of 24 $5 | and 25 hJ . The
invasion of the took seeOs to be
decisive , since , on 20. . cJ ,
sttong i s 2 I 4+ , and 20 . .8
is pattied by Oeans of 2I dJ |
7 22 e4 cJ 2J dxcJ . )
20 . . 6 |
j I f 20. 8 , then 2I dJ . |
2I xc7 c8 |
( In this 1ies Chigotin ' s defens-
ive idea . 61ack sti11 Wins a
piece . )
22 xb7 cJ
diagtaO
( 0espite the extta piece, 61ack
is faced With a difficu1t task .
White, hoWevet , cannot hope fot
victoty but the 1iOited nuObet of
paWns gives hiO gtounds fot
teckoning on a dtaW . In 6ogo1-
]ubov ' s opinion, ite tetains
equality aftet 2J 4+ j Levenfish
says thete is no hope in 2J W4+
6 24 6+ ( 24 e7 h6) &5 25
6 8+ 26 $J 7 and 6lack
Oust Win . | . In out opinion, a
sufficiently good continuation
Would be the Oove 2J e4. ollock
once again chooses the Oost
aggtessive line . )
2J J+ f6 24 e7 8+ 25 &I
ad I
( The ingenuity of both playets is
beyond ptaise . Chigotin does not
tty to defend the a7 paWn, but
also plays fot the attack . )
j With the text Oove 6lack thteat-
ens 26. . . I+ 27 &2 2+ 28 &J
44+ 2 &4 4 Oate . |
26 f7+ I
( It is necessaty to fotce the
king to covet up the g-file . )
26. . . 6 27 2
( White should seek salvation in
27 xa7 I+ 28 2 5+ 2 J
h6 J0 f5+ ot J0 5 . NoW, hoW-
evet , 6lack succeeds in setting
up an attack . )
274 4 4 44 I 28 5 d5 I
( The bishop has no coOfottable
squate of tetteat . The a7 paWn
cannot be taken 2 Aa 7 O6 I J0
d7 5+ etc . 0n 2 AJ, decisive
is 2. . . 4eJ+ J0 fxeJ 6+ JI &I
dI+ J2 &2 2+ JJ &I g2 J4
xh7+ 6 and thete is no defence
against the thteat of J5. . . f2
Oate . ollock Wants to Oove the
king aWay to hJ and thetefote
ptevents W W M O6 . 6ut noW the
White took is tied to the defence
of the bishop . )
2 9f8 O2 J0 J f5 I JI fc7
( White ' s initiative has evapotat-
ed. e could not take the paWn:
JI xh7 5+ J2 OJ $7 I JJ 4
j JJ f4 d5 I | 4fJ J4 4 I+ J5
J O2+ J6 J f8+ and Wins . )
JI. . . 5+ J2 OJ f6 JJ f4 5+
J4 2 &5+ J5 I fJ
( That ' s it. The cage is slaOOed
shut . The test is agony . )
J6 5+ &6 J7 f5+ xf5 J8 6+
&7 J d6+ 7 40 I 5 0-I
j ftet 4I I+ 8 I White loses
B took ot is Oated .|
( Oost fascinating gaOe , in
Which Chigotin displayed gteat
skill in countetattack . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin ( )
and Levenfish j . |
4 Steinit - Chigotin
( etetsbutg I856 )
ueen ' s 0aObit 0eclined
I d4 d5 2 fJ f6 J c4 e6 4 4J
A7 7 f4
I7J
j Steinitz Was successfu1 With
this Oove in Oany gaOes . |
5P W c6
( ConteOpotaty theoty tecoends a
Oote acive p1an With . . . c5 . ot
exaOp1e : 5. . . 00 6 eJ c5 7 dxc5
46 8 cxd5 exd5 A2 Ac5 I0 0-0
A6 I I 1 6 I2 4 d4I With
equa1 chances . )
6 eJd7 7 hJ
( usefu1 but not ob1igatoty
Oove . White cou1d a1so a11oW the
exchange of his bishop on the f4
squate, aftet . . . 5jd5| . In this
case , his position in the centte
Wou1d be sti11 futthet sttength-
ened . siOi1at scheOe is noWa-
days ski1fu11y eOp1oyed by Kotch-
noy , and it Was a1so a fotOidab1e
Weapon in the hands of 1ekhine . )
7 N M 0-0 8 9J
( 61ack Wou1d have Oote difficu1t-
ies aftet 8 c5 . In this Way ,
White cou1d gain space on the
queen 's f1ank , With fitO contto1
of the centte and a gtadua1 pte-
patation fot an attack on the
king ' s f1ank . )
j ftet 8 c5 , the attack 8. .b6
does not give 61ack anything sub-
stantia1 aftet b4 a5 I0 aJ , but
the bteak . . . e5 cou1d be Oote
aWkWatd . |
8. . . dxc4
j The beginning of a shatp and
coOp1icated opetation , chatactet-
istic of Chigotin ' s sty1e , Which
Was fu11 of initiative . |
Ac4 5 I0 2
I74
(nd noW the vatiation I0 0-0
Oxf4 I I exf4 Wou1d not be unfav-
outab1e fot White, but of coutse
Steinitz p1ayed 7 hJ in otdet to
ptesetve the bishop . )
I0. . . 5 I I c1
( Steinitz is catefu1 . It Wou1d be
quite possib1e to cast1e : I I 0-0
OxcJ I2 O2 b5 j if I2. . 4, then
IJ aJ 5 I4 axb4 and I4. . . wb4
is not possib1e because of 15
wb4 fo11oWed by 96| IJ 9J b4
j and noW on IJ. . . 4 Wou1d fo11oW
I4 aJ 5 I5 axb4 wb4 I6 2
With the thteats of wc6 and
Ah7+ | I4 bxcJ bxcJ 15 2 . oW-
evet , 61ck Wou1d obtain a coO-
fottab1e gaOe by Oeans of I5. . .
g6 I j I5. . . f6 I6 O5 I | I6 A4
a6 I )
I I . . . b6 I2 J 4
( I n this gaOe can be seen the
out1ine of a defence Which nine
yeats 1atet Was ttied in the
toutnaOent at CaObtidge Sptings
and the authot of Which Was
i11sbuty . 6ut do We not have
hete its otigina1 soutce?)
IJ 2
( Steinitz is too cautious . With
the sactifice of a paWn IJ aJ
AcJ+ j IJ. . . OxcJ I4 axb4 I | I4
bxcJ waJ I5 c4 Of6 I6 c5 - he
cou1d obtain a Oenacing initiat-
ive . )
I J . . . OxcJ I4 bxcJ J I5 d1 5
I6 dJ
( The exchange I6 Ad5 I cxd5 Wou1d
have gone against the theoty of
Steinit . 61ack Wou1d have a vety
good gaOe aftet . . . 7-a4 , fc8
etc . shatp gaOe Wou1d have
occutted if Steinit had decided
upon the paWn sactifice I6 0-0
wcJ I7 w4 | A7 . )
I6. . . e5 |
( It is ]ust such an unexpected
thtust , a11oWing 61ack to seie
the initiative , Which ctoWns the
opening sttategy of the CaObtidge
Sptings 0efence . It is a1so
sttong hete . he thteat is I7. . .
f5 )
I7 e4
( hete is no choice - the contin-
uation I7 Ad5 cxd5 I8 2 j if I8
dI , then I8. . . 7 With the
thteat of . . . 4 and 8| e4 I
I j I 5 , O5 ot 4 1ead to
the 1oss of the knight | b6 20 O2
6 2I 00 c8 gives 61ack an
ovetWhe1Oing advantage . )
I7. . . OxcJ | I8 00 |
(Steinit has seveta1 tiOes te-
]ected the ptoOising sactifice of
a paWn. NoW he is ob1iged to give
it up, since I8 xcJ 4 I &2
exd4 20 Oxd4 8 Wou1d 1ead to a
c1eat advantage fot 61ack , Who
Wi11 be 1eft at 1east the ex-
change and a paWn ahead . 61ack
can noW take eithet paWn . ftet
I8. . . Oxe4 I Oxe5 6 , the 61ack
knight teOains in the centte and
White s initiative does not coO-
pensate fot the Oatetia1 1oss . )
I8. . . exd4 I xd4 O5 20 a4 6
2I 5
I75
( White does not obtain vety Ouch
fot the paWn . t is on1y the ab-
sence of 61ack pieces on the
king s f1ank Which a11oWs hiO the
hope of cteating thteats befote
61ack has had tiOe to set up a
defence . oW shou1d he begin? 0n
2I e5 Wou1d fo11oW 2I. . . A7 and
the g4 and h4 squates ate in
accessib1e to the a4. 0n 2I O5 ,
good is 2I. . . 6 , and the coObin-
ation 2I Oxf7 does not coOe off
2I. . h2+ 22 &h2 xf7 2J 4
7+ etc . he p1an chosen by
Steinit is the Oost dangetous
fot 61ack . NoW he thteatens both
22 Oxf7 xf7 2J 4 and a1so 22
e5 fo11oWed by 4 . )
2I . . . 5 22 2 h6 2JOfJ w7
( White te]ects the unc1eat piece
sactifice 2J Oxf7 xf7 24 I ,
and 61ack Wtong1y does not p1ay
2J. . . A6 . )
j 61ack p1ays this Oove in otdet
to fitst1y get back into the gaOe
his bishop Which is stuck on aJ . |
24 e5
( White achieves his ob]ective -
to ptovide fot the took the h4
squate, ftoO Whete it Wou1d
thteaten the sactifice xh6 .
Chigotin noW finds that he has to
Withstand a vety sttong attack ,
a11 because fot fout Ooves in a
toW j 2Jtd-26th Ooves | he te]ected
the exchange of the White squated
bishops , Which Wou1d have Weaken-
ed White ' s attacking potentia1
and btought into p1ay the .
Even noW, aftet 24. . . A6 25 4
bJ 26 axbJ 6 I fo11oWed by
. . . A7, 61ack Wou1d have Oanaged
to so1ve the ptob1eO of his def-
ence Chigotin ' s coOOenceOent of
opetations on the queen 's f1ank
]ust gives White Oote tiOe to
concenttate his pieces on the
king ' s f1ank )
24. . . a5 25 4 4 26 2 O8?
( Chigotin stubbotn1y teftains
ftoO the Oove 26. . A6 . e
patties the thteat of 27 xh6
gxh6 28 6+ 8 2 wh6+ With an
unfottunate Oove of his king ,
Which 1eads to hatd tiOes fot
61ack . )
27 f4
( White btings his second bishop
into the attack , With the c1eat
intention of sactificing it on
h6 , and, at the saOe tiOe , he
sets a cunning ttap by teOpting
the opponent into Oaking the
spectacu1at Oove 27. . 4. In
this case , 28 xh6+ gxh6 2 xd4
O4 j 2 . . 7 J0 e6 fxe6 JI A5+|
J0 w4I g8 JI e6 fxe6 J2 2
1eads quick1y to a tout of
61ack ' s position . It shou1d be
noted that White a1so has at his
disposa1 the Oove 27 I , With
the ctude thteat of 28 xh6+ .
It is too 1ate fot the tep1y
27. . . A6 : 28 xh6+ gxh6 2 wh6+
8 J0 5 f5 JI g4I J j JI . .
92 J2 h4 I | J2 I and Wins .
ethaps s1ight1y sttonget is
27. . . A6 28 xh6+ 8 I ot 27. .
f5 28 xh6+ 8 I but , in these
vatiations , 61ack ' s position is
hanging by a thtead. )
27. . . f5 28 exf6
(6ut this is inaccutate as it
a11oWs the f8 to take patt in
the defence of the h6 paWn . ety
sttong Wou1d be 28 $5 j hatd1y
successfu1 Wou1d ptove to be the
sactifice of the bishop 28 h6
gxh6 2 I f4| 8 j HoOanovsky
gives 28. . 5 to Oeet 2 h6
gxh6 J0 xh6+ With 4 o e 7 , tefut-
ing White ' s attack| 2 1 . The
sttength of White ' s attack is
shoWn by the fo11oWing vatiations
( I ) 2. . . 6 J0 h6 A6 JI 92+
8 J2 b4 axb4 JJ 5 I 7 J4
8+ I I h8 J5 O4+ 8 J6 5
( 2) 2. . . A7 J0 e7 we7 JI
xh6+ gxh6 J2 wh6+ O7 JJ wf8+
( J) 2. . . f4 J0 f4 A7 JI h6
h4 J2 xh4 O5 JJ $5 4 J4
I 2+ J5 e2 we2 J6 f4 ot J6
)
28. . . xf6
( 28. . . wf6 is not possib1e be-
cause of 2 xh6+ gxh6 J0 A5 . )
I76
2 $5?
( NoW White s attack petets out ,
Wheteas aftet 2 A5 6lack Would
have difficult ptobleOs . White s
basic thteats ate seen in the
folloWing vatiations : 2. . . a4 J0
5 | f5 JI f5 | | f5 J2 h6
Oate , ot 2 . 6 J0 l 2 JI
d2 | xd2 J2 xh6 Oate .
he only defence Would be 2. . .
O6 | , keeping the f5 squate undet
conttol , in this case , aftet J0
aJ| AaJ JI &I f5, 6lack could
hope fot a successful defence )
2. . . f5 | J0 l
jftet J0 Af6 f6 ( it Would be
a Oistake to play J0. . Ac2? JI
xh6+ 7 J2 Ae7 , When J2. . . gxh6
is not possible because of JJ f6
Oate) , 6lack has Oote than suff-
icient coOpensation fot the ex
change in vieW of the paWn, tWo
hatOonious active bishops and
significant paWn Oa]otity on the
queen s flank . |
J0. . f8 JI a4
( Hecognising the failute of his
attack , White begins to Oake
"casual" Ooves . NoW the knight
entets the battle vety sttongly .
ftet JI Af6 f6 J2 J , he
Would find hiOself sWitching ovet
to defence. 6lack Would play
J2. . J folloWed by . b5 , pte-
setving all his Winning chances . )
JI. . . J J2 I
j NoW aftet J2 J , 6lack siOply
exchanges queens |
J2. . J JJ &I O2 J4 W1 Ael
( he situation has changed
abtuptly ovet the last six Ooves
With a sWift countetattack, Chig-
otin has disotganised White ' s
attacking fotOation and coOplete-
ly seized the initiatve 6lack
has thtee pieces undet attack ,
but it is equally bad to take any
one of theO. If J5 Af6 f6,
thete is the ittesistible thteat
of . . fJ, and so Steinitz dec-
ides to leave the pinned 6lack
took fot the tiOe being and capt-
ute a Oinot piece , hoWevet he
chooses an unfottunate continuat-
ion . e could have put up the
Oost stubbotn tesistance by J5
el j bad is J5 xel because of
J5. . J+ | J+ J6 2 j J6 l
el+ J7 xel 6 | J8 Af6 f6
J fxgJ fl+| J6 O4 J7 Af6
xf6 J8 a5 xfJ J gxfJ h4 40
O8+ 7 4I 8+ 6 42 7+ 5 |
4J 7+ f6 44 g7+ 4 , but
even then 6lack has a decisive
advantage . )
J5 dJ xfJ |
(6teaking the pin on the f6 and
theteby also White ' s futthet
hopes of a successful defence . )
J6 gxfJ
(0thet Ooves also lose quickly :
J6 fJ fJ J7 e7 bJ , ot J6
e7 xdJ J7 A4 j J7 f8 xbJ J8
&4 I J xe2 4+ and . . . xf8|
f2 | J8 AdJ fl+ J 2 $J
Oate . )
J6 . . g5 J7 g4
( In this position , 6lack has sev-
I77
eta1 Ways to Win, but Chigotin s
choice is the Oost e1egant . )
7. . . 1 | 8 4 5 | 0-I
( tense sttugg1e . Chigotin deO-
onsttated exceptiona11y subt1e
opening sttategy and cteated a
Oode1 1ightning countetattack . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin ( )
and HoOanovsky j | . |
50 i11sbuty Chigotin
( etetsbutg I856 )
ueen s 0aObit : Chigotin 0efence
I d4 d5 2 c4 6 Of g4 4 cxd5
( The on1y dtaWback of this Oove
as coOpated to the theotetica1
4 4 1ies in the ditectness of
its p1an . White does not concea1
his intention of cteating a
sttong paWn centte . )
4. . . f
( Tattasch consideted that Ouch
sttonget Was 4. . . wd5 5 5
fo11oWed by . . . 000. Tattasch 's
tecoOOendation Was p1ayed in a
gaOe , To1ush-tonson, I57 , Which
hoWevet did not 1ast 1ong : 6 d5 |
0-00 7 92 xf 8 exf O4? a
Oxd5 I0 4| and 61ack tesigned.
0f coutse, 8. . . O4 is a fata1
Oistake , but 61ack ' s position is
suspect . )
5 dxc6
( White cteates a sttong paWn
centte , but 61ack , With the he1p
of his tWo bishops , attacks it
and obtains cleat countetp1ay .
Lovets of coOp1icated positions ,
in Which the accuOu1ation of pos-
I78
itiona1 advantages coOes by s1oW
and painstaking Wotk, Wou1d pte-
fet the Oote substantia1 5 gxf
wd5 6 e e6 j it is possib1e to
p1ay a1so the shatpet 6. . . e5 | 7
7 j7. . 4 8 92 c
bxc favouts White| . It is not
difficu1t to see that positions
atise , sttong1y chatactetistic of
Chigotin s favoutite set-up , and
one Which he tiOe and again p1ay-
ed successfu11y as 61ack . The
cottect Oethod of p1aying such
positions fot White Was shoWn in
the gaOe , TaiOanov-Spassky , I60:
8 g2 b4 0-0 e7 I0 f4 d8 I I
a c I2 bxc 5 , and, aftet
1 2 , White can p1ay c4 , ob-
taining the advantage . )
5. . . c6 6 e6 7 e4
( TiOid Ooves , such as 7 4 ot 7
e , Wou1d conttadict the point of
p1aying 5 dxc6 . ftet 7 e 7 ,
White begins to expetience diffi-
cu1ties in deve1oping his king ' s
f1ank , because of the sttong pos-
ition of the A6 . )
7e e + 4 8 f f5
( In Chigotin s tiOe , the teaching
of Steinit , on the sttength of
the paWn centte , Was consideted
abso1ute . Chigotin Was by no
Oeans in opposition to this, but
he , undoubted1y , Was the fitst to
pay attention both to the Weak-
nesses of the paWn centte and the
Wotking out of a Oethod of sttug-
g1e against it . In the ptesent
gaOe We have the fitst ptactica1
ttia1 of Chigotin ' s Oethod of
1oosening the centte . The sttat-
egica1 p1an, app1ied by Chigotin,
Oade a sttong iOptession on his
conteOpotaties and ptoved to be a
gteat inf1uence on the deve1op-
Oent of the cteative ideas of the
neW genetation of chessp1ayets .
The 0tunfe1d 0efence , the 1ek-
hine 0efence - the basic idea of
these topica1 ptesent-day opening
systeOs is 61ack s sttugg1e
against a Oobi1e paWn centte . )
e5?
( setious positiona1 Oistake .
With one Oove , White deptives his
beautifu1 centte of Oobi1ity , in
that he Weakens ittepatab1y his
d4 paWn and 1eaves the d5 squate
tota11y in the opponent s hands .
This gaOe is an exaOp1e not on1y
of gteat sttategica1 ski11 but
a1so of the fine exp1oitation of
a sing1e Oistake .
Not Ouch bettet than e5, is the
exchange of paWns , exf5 exf5
j if at fitst 4 4 4+ then aftet
I0 gJ 5 II fxe6| 0-0-0 the e6
paWn ptoves to be vety fu11 of
1ife| I0 A4 4+ | II gJ w7+ I2
&2 j I2 2? A fJ| 0-0-0 IJ l
&6 , as the Weakness of the White
paWns in the centte and on the
king ' s f1ank , gives 61ack a c1eat
advantage . In otdet to assess the
sttength of the Oove 8. . . f5 , it
is necessaty to estiOate the
position aftet A4| 4+ I0 gJ
7 II 0-0.)
4 4 4 e7
I7
(1aying such a position is easy
and p1easant . The sttategica1
p1an is c1eat and the Ooves coOe
fotWatd a11 by theOse1ves . )
I0 aJ
(Since the exchange Wou1d teOove
White ' s Wotty ovet the defence of
the d4 paWn, he dtives back the
bishop in case he shou1d need to
bteak the pin by b4. )
I0. . . 95 I I A4 95 I2 O4+
( The Weakness of the d4 paWn is
shoWn by the vatiation I2 A d5
Oxd5 I J 92 4+ . ethaps the
ctisis Wou1d have coOe 1atet if
White had p1ayed I2 OJ . oWevet ,
aftet I2. . A c4 IJ c4 O7 I4
$5 b5 I5 OJ A cJ+ I6 bxcJ 5 ,
61ack ' s advantage is indisput-
ab1e . )
I2. . . c6 IJ 9J
( e Oust not p1ay IJ A d5 4d5 I4
92 , because of I4. . . b5 | I5 2
4+ and I6. . . d4 . 6ut hete he
shou1d have p1ayed IJ J . )
I J. . . O6 |
( The White queen sudden1y finds
itse1f in danget . I4. . . J is
thteatened, and on I4 b4 ot a te-
tteat of the queen, possib1e is
I4. . . wd4 . )
I4 2 O6 |
( gain the queen finds itse1f
thteatened, this tiOe by the Oove
. . . b5 , Whi1e the text Oove a1so,
incidenta11y, ptevents cast1ing.
ven noW, White cannot p1ay I5 b4
because of the 1oss of the d4
paWn I5. . . 4| I6 2 6 etc . )
I 5 9I 4|
( White s ttagedy is that the
Weakness of the d4 paWn and the
White squates is so otganic that
not even exchanges ptoOise any
te1ief, e . g . I6 b4 6 I7 wa6
j ot I7 eJ f4 I8 Af4 Ad4 and
I. . . 6| Aa6 I8 J f4 | I Af4
Ad4 20 1 AcJ+ 2I xcJ O5 and
White 1oses the exchange . )
I6 f4 0-0-0 I7 J O5 I8 92 O6
I 2 xd4
(61ack ' s positiona1 advantage
yie1ds its fitst ftuit. )
20 1
( Losing a piece as We11 , but 20
V 9J 2I I 44 does not put
off the tout fot 1ong . )
20. . . J 2I J 44
( It tutns out that the bishop on
d2 is not to be saved , since
22. . . Oxd2 2J &d2 4+ is thteat
ened . )
22 &2 4d2 2J we6+ 8 24 fJ
6 25 J OxfJ
(to1onging the sttugg1e is
point1ess, but i11sbuty does not
tesign unti1 the Jth Oove . )
I80
26 gxfJ 4 27 wf5 AcJ 28 bxcJ
2 2 OJ g6 J0 4 h6 JI 4
&2+ J2 J g5+ JJ4 h5+ J4 5
9J+ J5 &6 6 J6 wg5 c5+ J7
&7 4+ J8 7 g+ 0-I
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin. |
5I Chigotin - i11sbuty
( etetsbutg I856)
Spanish
I e4 e5 2 OfJ 46 J 5 g6 4 4J
( Chigotin te]ects the usua1 con-
tinuation, 4 d4, and chooses a
quiet scheOe of deve1opOent . )
4. . . g7
j vety sttong Oove noW is 4. . .
O4 | aftet Which White cannot
continue eithet 5 4e5? 5 | ot 5
4d4 exd4 6 O2 5 | 7 Oxd4 7 ,
and aftet 5 94 Wou1d fo11oW 5. . .
4fJ+ 6 wfJ c6 ( etes ' vatiat-
ion) and 61ack has a good gaOe . |
5 dJ e7 6 g5 f6
(ftet 6. . . h6 , the bishop cou1d
Oove aWay to h4 , and the thteat
of O5 Wou1d fotce 61ack to sub-
Oit to a neW Weakening. )
7 J a6 8 94 b5 J 5 I0
2OxbJ II axbJ 7 I2 6 0-0
IJ h4
( White goes in fot a tisky in-
tensification of the sttugg1e. IJ
0-0 Wou1d 1ead to a quiet gaOe in
Which 61ack Wou1d have no diffi-
cu1ties e cou1d eithet p1ay at
once IJ. . . d5 , ot e1se ptepate
. . . f5 . Not bad noW Wou1d be IJ. . .
f7, and, aftet I4 Ag7 , to tep1y
I4. . . g7 in otdet to Oeet I5 h5
With eithet I5. . . g5 ot I5W M W d5 I6
hxg6 hxg6 . It Wou1d not be easy
fot White to cteate tea1 thteats
on the h-fi1e . i11sbuty consid-
ets the defence of his king to be
quite so1id and ptoposes to open
the a-fi1e, not Wottying about
the concenttation of White fotces
on the king ' s f1ank . )
IJ. . . d6
( 0n I J . . . d5, White Wou1d continue
the attack by p1aying I4 h5 , and
on I4. . . g5 he cou1d successfu11y
sactifice his knight fot thtee
paWns : I5 Ag7 &g7 I6 Oxg5 fxg5
I7 wg5+ 7 I8 we5 etc . )
I4 0-0-0 c5 I5 g4 b4 I6 OI a5 I7
gl a4 I8 bxa4 xa4 I wJ
( Chigotin 1iked positions in
Which thete Was the possibi1ity
of a paWn stotO on the eneOy king
position. ete he tteats a quiet
vatiation of the Spanish 0aOe
]ust 1ike his favoutite opening I
e4 e6 2 w2 . ftet consttucting a
1ong paWn chain, he thtoWs fot-
Watd his g and h-paWns . itted-
1y, opposite sides cast1ing gives
61ack tich possibi1ities fot
countetattack . The position Oust
be tegatded as doub1e-edged , as
61ack thteatens to outsttip his
opponent in attack . White ' s 1ast
Oove is necessaty , since on an
iediate I g5 Wou1d fo11oW
I. . . f5 . )
I. . . 6
( 61ack cou1d set up a defence in
the fo11oWing Way : I. . . f7 20
I8I
Ag7 g7 2I g5 f5 22 h5 O8 2J
hxg6 hxg6 . i11sbuty chooses an-
othet, no 1ess so1id p1an, in
Which , hoWevet , Chigotin Oanages
to open the 61ack king position
by coObinative Oeans . )
20 Ag7 &g7 2I g5 O4
(ppatent1y i11sbuty has decided
to p1ay . . . f5 in tep1y to 22
Ofd2 . In this case , aftet 22. . . f5
2J fJ , a coOp1icated sttugg1e
ensues . oWevet , thete fo11oWs an
unexpected coObinative exp1os-
ion. . . . )
22 h5 | ?4fJ
( NoW 22. . f5 is too 1ate : 2J
hxg6 | hxg6 j 2J. . . f4 24 4d4| | 24
6 | f4 j ot 24. . . fxe4| 25 4d4
and White ' s thteats becoOe too
dangetous , fot exaOp1e : 25. . cxd4
26 OJ 8 27 xh8 wh8 28 O7+ . )
2J hxg6 Oxg
( ftet 2J. . . 4g5 , decisive is 24
h7+ Oxh7 j24. . &g6 25 OJ| 25
gxh7+ &7 j25. . . O8 26 J| 26
O6 6 27 OJ+ &7 28 O5+ &6
2 7. )
j Chigotin a1so gives , in tep1y to
2J. . . 4g5 , 24 g5 hxg5 25 xh7+
8 (25. . . &g6 26 J , ot 25. . .
&6 26 J+) 26 J thteatening
both w6+ and 6 . |
24 gxf6+ &f6 25 gxh7
diagtaO
( ete We have the tesu1t of the
cbination. t the cost of tWo
pieces , the 61ack king ' s paWn
covet has been coOp1ete1y de
sttoyed . )
25. . . &6
( To avoid the hosti1ities , i11s
buty chooses a ptoOising p1an of
defence - Ooving his king ovet to
the ueen' s f1ank , Whete thete is
the possibi1ity of hiding behind
his oWn paWns .
coOOentatot of this gaOe ,
o11ock , points out , citing the
opinion of i11sbuty and Stein
itz , that in the vatiation, 25. . .
7 26 gI f6? 27 J A8 28
5+ &7 2 8( ?) 61ack ought to
Win j 2. . . 4+ J0 &I I JI xf8
bI+ J2 &2 $4+ etc . | . Chigotin
tefutes o11ock ' s ana1ysis by the
vatiation 2 bJ | 8 | j 2M W W 2
J0 g8| J0 8 6 JI h8() and
"White at 1east secutes fot hiO-
se1f a dtaW . "
With due tespect fot the tich
iOagination of Chigotin in con-
ducting an attack, it shou1d be
noted that , in the diagtaed
position, 61ack cou1d tepu1se the
attack in tWo Ways , found by the
fotOet Wot1d chaOpion, Spassky
25. . 7 | 26 6+ 8 and 25. . .
7 26 xgI 4 | )
26 xgI &7 27 J+ 6 28 6
a8 2 7 6
( Thus 61ack has succeeded in
she1teting his king behind the
paWn chain and safe1y ptevented
the ptoOotion of the h7 paWn into
a ueen. It on1y teOains to Oake
the Oove J0. . . c6and it Wi11 be
possib1e to go ovet to the count-
etattack by Oeans of . . . 4. With
tegatd to this , J0 7 cannot be
p1ayed because of J0. . . 5+ .
Chigotin finds a sutptising poss-
ibi1ity to inttoduce into p1ay
his 1ast tesetve - the OI - and
the attack bteaks out With neW
sttength . )
J0 aJ| 6
( I n a vety shatp position, i11s-
buty Oakes a Oove spontaneous1y,
to tepu1se the thteat of JI 4+ .
dOitted1y , it gives up the
ueen, but With fitO coOpensation
and, Oost of a11 , it shatp1y
teduces White ' s attacking potent-
ia1 .
It seeOs that i11sbuty cou1d not
take the knight , since , aftet
J0. . . bxaJ JI J+ 6 J2 b7+
5 JJ b4+ cxb4 J4 5+ 6 J5
7 6 J6 xb6+ &b6 J7 d6+
7 J8 I | , the h7 paWn 1iOits
the activity of the 61ack took to
the eighth tank , and the gaOe is
decided by the advance of the
White paWn Oass in the centte .
I82
11 the saOe , the extta took
Wou1d give 61ack the chance of
defending in anothet Way : J0. . .
f6 JI 8 6| J2 7 6 JJ
4+ 6 J4 g8 xh7 J5 h7 g8
though aftet J6 7 he Oust fotce
a dtaW by petpetua1 check . )
JI d7 d7 J2 d7 d8 JJ 7
bxaJ J4 bxaJ
( 61ack has Oanaged to tebuff the
attack . is tWo tooks and bishop ,
sttugg1ing against queen and
thtee paWns , Wou1d have Oote
chances of success if it Wete not
fot the h7 paWn, tivetting both
61ack ' s tooks to the defence of
the h8 squate . oWevet , if i11s-
buty Wete to p1ay J4. . 5 , the
gaOe in a11 ptobabi1ity Wou1d end
peacefu1 y. oWevet , he decides
to 1engthen the diagona1 of the
bishop and fa11s into a ttap )
J4. . c4? J5 d4 | f2
(Chigotin points out the Win both
on J5. . . cJ - then J6 dxe5 xf2 J7
I f8 J8 h8() , and J5. . . 7 -
then J6 dxe5 e4 J7 e6 | ppat-
ent1y , i11sbuty noticed soOe of
these vatiations aftet p1aying
the Oove J4. . . c4 . oWevet, even
J5. . . xf2 is on1y a despetate
atteOpt to postpone the so un
]ust1y ctue1 end, in vieW of the
teceding events . The gaOe is a1-
teady ovet . )
J6 h8() xh8 J7 h8 fI+ J8 2
exd4 J d4+ 7 40 a4 f7 4I a5
8 42 d6 7+ 4J J 5 44 a6
7 45 a7 I-0
I8J
( Oighty batt1e : the toya1 att
of attack of Chigotin set against
the young Oetican' s ca1O and
steadfast defence , Which is
btoken doWn on1y at the vety end .
Chigotin ' s tich iOagination is
vety iOptessive . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin. |
52 Chigotin - Chatousek
( Nutnbetg I86)
0iuoco iano
I e4 e5 2 fJ 6 J 4 f6 4 dJ
5 5 cJ d6 6 Od2 0-0 7 f1 d5 8
exd5 xd5 J xeJ I0 xeJ
( I n the etetsbutg toutnaOent ,
I856 , Chigotin, against Las-
ket , took back With the paWn
hete , Wheteupon asket Oade the
fine paWn sactifice . . e4 . )
I0+ 6 I I 2 6 I25
( White has p1ayed the opening
1ist1ess1y. e Wou1d even obtain
the Wotse position if 61ack noW
p1ayed I2. . eJ . In this case
the continuation IJ eJ c4 I4
dxc4 h6 favouts 61ack, and the
sactifice of a paWn IJ xe6 f2+
I4 f2 fxe6 I5 wJ , Wou1d hatd1y
be sufficient fot equa1ity . In
the seatch fot a Oote 1ive1y
gaOe , Chatousek tefuses to siOp
1ify , but this decision ptoves to
be fata1 toO this OoOent , Chig-
otin begins , Oove by Oove , to
sttategica11y outp1ay his oppon-
ent . )
I2. . . c4 IJ xc4 6 I4 4 7
( tobab1y Chatousek consideted
his gaOe quite acceptab1e, since
ite s position in the centte
seeOs quite unstab1e in vieW of
the thteat . . . f5 . ot exaOp1e, on
the natuta1 Oove I5 0-0, cou1d
fo11oW I5. . . b5 I6 OJ f5 , With an
exce11ent gaOe fot 61ack . )
I5 g4|
( sp1endid positiona1 Oove Which
at once c1atifies the situation.
White secutes his O4 ftoO attack
and ptepates the occupation of
the f5 squate . It is intetesting
that Chigotin app1ied a siOi1at
Oethod of conso1idating a Oinot
piece in the centte , in a gaOe
against i11sbuty j 0aOe 50| .
What can 61ack do? tobab1y de-
setving a tty is the ttansfet of
the knight via d8-e6 to f4, and
aftet this to begin to put ptess-
ute on the dJ squate , fot exaOp1e
I5. . . f6 I6 OJ 7 I7 f58 | I8
h4 6 With a coOp1icated gaOe .
1so desetving attention is the
ttansfet of the bishop I5. . . 5
I6 h4 9f4 | )
j To ptevent . . . f5, aftet Which
the e-paWn Wou1d be iso1ated and
the g-fi1e opened fot a took
attack . Chigotin noW ptepates the
attack in the finest Way and con-
ducts it With Wondetfu1 vetve . |
I5. . . fd8 I6 OJ b5?
j 61ack shou1d tathet doub1e tooks
on the d-fi1e ot Oake soOe defen-
sive Oove . |
I7 f5 9f8 I8 h4 6 I J 7
20 h5
( positiona1 gaOe Was not to
Chatousek ' s taste . eteabouts , as
Chigotin catties out a sp1endid
tegtouping of fotces and goes
ftoO defence ovet to the offens-
ive , Chatousek p1ays Without a
c1eat p1an ete , a1so noW, in-
stead of pteventing the futthet
Weakening of his position by
20. . . h6 j though aftet 2I gl
White has an indisputab1e advant-
age| , he sets a siOp1e ttap . )
20 . . d7?
( 0bvious1y counting on 2I 45
j5] 5 | ot 2I f6+ f6 22
xe7+ e7 2J a8 xdJ With soOe
hopes of defence , oWevet , Chig-
otin at once ptovokes a Weakening
of the f6 squate , aftet Which
thete atises a vatiety of fotks
by the 4. )
2I h6 g6 22 7
j This is even sttonget than 22
xe7+ Ae7 2J f6+ f6 24 a8+ |
22. . . Ag7 2J hxg7
( The gaOe is ovet . 61ack cannot
siOu1taneous1y defend against the
tWo tettib1e thteats of f6+ and
I84
xh7 . )
2J. . . O5 24 xh7 &h7 25 5+
&g7 26 4e6+ fxe6 27 0-0-0 6
28 g5 f8 Z J xf2 J0 6+ &7
JI 7+ 8 J2 g6+ &8 JJ 8
&7 J4 g6 2 J5 fI I-0
j This gaOe is aOongst the finest
of the toutnaOent . |
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin ( )
and Tattasch j | . |
5J Chigotin - ottch
( tague I86)
ing s 0aObit 0ec1ined
( This gaOe Was p1ayed by Chigotin
against the then Czech chaOpion,
duting an exhibition tout of
Czechos1ovakia aftet the intet-
nationa1 toutnaOent at Nutnbetg
I86 )
I e4 e5 2 f4 d5 J OfJ
( Chigotin often p1ayed J exd5 and
aftet J. . . e4 checked With the
bishop on b5 .)
J . dxe4 4 Oxe5 6
( The best noW seeOs to be 4. . . 96
aftet Which , in his gaOe against
a1btodt at udapest I86 , Chig-
otin p1ayed 5 2 . )
5 d4
( Many Oanua1s noW tecoend 5 2
With an attack on the e4 paWn and
the thteat of check on b5 . oW-
evet , Chigotin took the vieW that
"in each opening thete is hatd1y
a vatiation in Which it is not
possib1e to avoid toutine book
1ines and of coutse to obtain not
Wotse , if not bettet tesu1ts" . In
I85
this tespect , the Oove 5 2 is
tathet doubtfu1 aftet 5. . . Of6 6
O5+ d7 , hite , of coutse,
cou1d Win a paWn but then he is
setious1y behind in deve1opOent . )
54 o 4 Of6
( NoW this natuta1 Oove is shoWn
to be a Oistake , 61ack Oust ex-
change on dJ and, aftet 6 dJ ,
p1ay 6. . . 5 . )
6 c4 |
( 6y taking contto1 of the Oost
iOpottant squates in the centte ,
White 1ooks fot a positiona1 ad-
vantage . )
6. . . c6 7 2 h5
( It is easy to ctiticise such a
Oove , but 61ack quite c1eat1y is
eaget to secute a position fot
his bishop on f5 . In addition,
one ought to take into account
that siOp1e deve1oping Ooves a1-
teady do not save 61ack ftoO his
difficu1ties fot exaOp1e, 7. . .
7 8 0-0 and the thteat of f5 is
vety unp1easant . )
8 4J d7 2 f5 I0 J 4
I I 0-0-0 cJ
( teOatute 61ack obtains Oote
chances of cteating countetp1ay
aftet I I . . . O5 . )
I2 cJ 8
( This Oanoeuvte appeats to be
vety ptoOising , noW . . . O5 is
thteatened . )
IJf2 |
( The ctaft of a gteat Oastet is
tevea1ed by this Oove Chigotin
countets the opponent s thteat
and p1ans the ttansfet of the
bishop to the iOpottant h4-d8
diagona1 . )
IJM M .0-0
( NoW aftet IJ. . 5 , White Wou1d
tep1y I4 J. )
I4 4 b5
I5 g4|
( Chigotin ' s aOazing ski11 in con
ducting the attack is shoWn in
fu11 Oeasute by this Oove | ftet
deciding Whete to 1and his Oain
boW, White enetgetica11y and
c1evety stotOs the fottificat-
ions atound the 61ack king I5 c5
Wou1d have been Weak because of
I5. . . 5 I6 J O5 and 61ack a-
teady initiates a dangetous off-
ensive . )
I5 . . hxg4 I6 Ag4 Ag4 I7 xg4
7
( tteOpting to ftee hiOse1f ftoO
the unp1easant pin on the f6 .
6ad noW Wou1d be I8 xf6+ xf6 I
Af6 f4+ and 20. . . f6 . )
I8 O5 | 5
( 0t I8. . . bxc4 I g1 etc . )
I J |
I86
( ftesh , sttong and accutate
attacking b1oW. With this indit
ect defence of the f4 paWn, White
fotces an exchange on e5 and then
quick1y ttansfets a11 his heavy
pieces to the king ' s f1ank . )
I. . . xe5
( I f I. . . 6 , then 20 $5 g6 2I
g1 , With a Oenacing attack . )
20 fxe5 f5
( ncoOfottab1e is 20. . . bxc4 2I
4 g6 22 g etc . )
2I $5 g6
( 0t 2I. . 7 22 e6 6 2J g1
With an ittesistib1e attack . )
22 g1 7 2J I
( 1so good Was 2J 6 7 and
on1y noW 24 I . )
2Je 4 O7
( In its notes to this gaOe , the
Czechos1ovakian chess Oagazine
noW tecoOOends the continuation
2J. . . f 4. oWevet , in this case ,
Chigotin Wou1d dtive hoOe the
victoty by Oeans of 24 d5 | cxd5
25 cxd5 eJ 26 e6 5+ 27 f5
xf5 28 d6 and White ' s passed
paWns bteak thtough ittesistb1y
to queen. )
24 9f6 bxc4 25 g5 g8 26 g1
6 27 4 8 28 gJ
( Chigotin cou1d have iOOediate1y
decided the gaOe by p1aying 28
xh5+ gxh5 2 4+ 7 f5+
6 JI $5+ xg5 j JIM W W 7 J2
7+| J2 g5+ O7 JJ e6 | dOit-
tedy , 61ack cannot save the gaOe
in any case )
28. . . cJ
( pictutesque position. 6oth
kings ate thteatened With a Oat-
ing attack . Chigotin decides the
gaOe With an exchange sactifice . )
2 xh5+ | gxh5 J0 &4+ 7 JI
wf5+ O6 J2 $5+ | I-0
( I f J2. . . xg5 , then siOp1y JJ
wf7, and, on J2. . . 7 , JJ 7+
Wins . )
j Notes by udovich . |
54 anoWski - Chigotin
(6udapest I86)
ueen ' s 0aObit SeOi-S1av 0efence
I d4 d5 2 c4 e6 J 4J c6 4 eJ
( The ptincipa1 a1tetnatives ate 4
e4 dxe4 5 Oxe4 4+ 6 92 , and 4
OfJ dxc4 5 eJ b5 . anoWski is not
fot the ptesent thinking about
the fate of the 1 and defends
the c4 paWn. )
e + Of6 5 9J Od7 6 OfJ 96
(0ne of Chigotin ' s opening ideas .
61ack ptepates the advance . . . e5
t an eat1y stage . 0n the basis
of nuOetous gaOes and ana1yses of
ths position, a c1eat Way of te-
tining an opening advantage fot
White Was found. White Oust p1ay
t once 7 e4. Since 7. . . dxe4 8
xe4 xe4 e4 e5 I0 0-0 exd4
II $5 | Of6 I2 d4 7 IJ 5 is
not at a11 ptoOising fot 61ack ,
e Oust go in fot a seties of ex-
changes 7. . . dxc4 8 xc4 e5
dxe5 Oxe5 I0 Oxe5 e5 I I d8+
xd8 . NoW the fine point of the
Oove 7 e4 is c1eat - 61ack is
deptived of cast1ing and it is
difficu1t fot hiO to iOptove the
cootdination of his pieces 0ut
of tWo possib1e continuations -
I2 $5 &7 IJ 0-0-0 6 I4 9J h6
I5 J4 | I6 5+ &6 I7 hJ b6 |
and I2 f7 cJ+ IJ bxcJ Oxe4 I4
0-0 | OxcJ | I5 2 f8 I6 J |,
the 1attet ho1ds the Oost ptos-
pects fot White .
Latet , Wot1d chaOpion 1ekhine ,
upon WhoO, as he hiOse1f said,
Chigotin exetted iOOense in-
f1uence , soOeWhat Oodetnised the
p1an With the advance . . . e5 . e
ptoposed , instead of 6. . . 96 , the
Oove 6. . . 4 , in otdet to haOpet
the advance e4 and ptepate . . . e5 .
0ne of the Oost setious ptactica1
ttia1s of this idea took p1ace in
the gaOe , 6otvinnik-TaiOanov ,
p1ayed in I5J 7 aJ 5 8 2
j bettet is an iediate 8 0-0|
0-0 927 I0 0-0 dxc4 I I c4
e5 , and noW, instead of I2 eI
exd4 IJ exd4 O6 |, White Oust
p1ay I2 Oxe5 Oxe5 I J dxe5 e5 I4
f4 , sttiving to advance his paWn
centte . Theoty, instead of 6W W W
96 , tecoOOends the so-ca11ed
Met an vatiation 6. . . dxc4 7 c4
b5 8 9J a6 , ot even 8. . . b4 . )
7 0-0 0-0 8 e4
( NoW 61ack catties out his idea
in the Oost favoutab1e 1ight and
obtains countetp1ay in the
centte . ConteOpotaty opening
sttategy , in siOi1at positions ,
considets as Oote expedient the
p1an invo1ving the fianchetto of
I87
the AI - 8 bJ and then 2 In
this case, White fitst1y coO
p1etes his deve1opOent - w2,
ac1 , fdJ , and then catties out
the advance e4. )
8. . . dxc4 Ac4 e5 | I0 $5 w7 |
( ctitica1 position in the open
ing systeO. 61ack teinfotces the
e5 squate j infetiot Wou1d be
I0. . . h6 II 4 exd4 I2 d4 A5
IJ J 6 , because of I4 e5 |
dJ I5 AdJ fd5 I6 4| and
Wants , aftet . . . fd8 , to cteate
soOe thteats in the centte . 6ut ,
a11 the saOe , White is fu11y cap
ab1e of Oaintaining the tension
in the centte , by p1aying I I eJ
The position Which is cteated
aftet the standatd JJ. . . h6 I2 4
6 IJ J 8, can be estiOated
as coOp1icated and apptoxiOate1y
equa1 . anoWski 1iquidates the
tension in the centte and theteby
siOp1ifies 61ack ' s ptob1eOs . )
I I d5 6 I2 J $4 | ? IJ hJ 5
I4 dxc6 bxc6
( White ' s opening achieveOents ate
Oodest . It is difficu1t to get
neat to the Weak c6 paWn. utth
etOote , this paWn defends the d5
squate against invasion by the
White pieces , Wheteas 61ack can
fotOu1ate a p1an connected With
the Weakness of the d4 squate ,
fot exaOp1e the ttansfet of the
6 a1ong the Oatch toute d7 -c5-
e6d4 . anoWski finds an intet
esting p1an of attack on the
king ' s f1ank . )
I88
I5 g4 | $6 I64
( White ' s ptessute is becoOing un
p1easant , but it is hatd to be1
ieve that this is the tesu1t of
the Oove II d5 . tobab1y Chigotin
coOOitted an ettot in p1aying
I2. . . $4 . It Was necessaty to
p1ay I2 4 e h6 IJ 4 g5 | ? so as,
aftet I4 $J , to pin the knight
by I4. . . $4. )
I6. . . 8
( 0b]ective1y the best Oove ,
though it does not e1iOinate his
difficu1ties . 6y taking the king
off the a2-g8 diagona1 , 61ack
ptepates the Oove . . . h6 , and , on
I7 xg6 , ptepates to take back
With the f-paWn, in otdet, aftet
4 4 e h6 and g5 , to obtain the f4
squate and p1ay on the f-fi1e.
61ack cannot 1inget by I6. . . A7
I7&J d8 , since aftet I8 2
thete is an unavoidab1e invasion
of the knight on f5 . )
I 7 f5 f5
I8 gxf5?
( anoWski c1eat1y ovetestiOates
his chances on the g-fi1e . The
next Oove a1teady shoWs that
White has neithet the sttength
not the tiOe to otganise an
attack on the king. toO this
OoOent on, Chigotin conducts the
sttugg1e With exceptiona1 ski11
and enetgy and cteates decisive
thteats + 4 + on the g-fi1e.
ftet I8 ex f5 | 61ack Wou1d have
to go ovet to defence , since the
White knight sWoops upon the
fteed e4 squate . The atteOpt to
seze he iniiative t the cost
of a paW: I8. . . e4jWith the thteat
of . . . w5 | does not Wotk because
of I xe4 ot I A f6 gxf6 20
xe4 . ftet I8. . . d8 Wou1d have
fo11oWed I 4 A7 20 2 With a
bind. e cou1d on1y tesign hiO-
se1f to the inevitab1e , and bui1d
a fotttess, fot exaOp1e : I8. . . A5
I 4 4 20 I c8 2I A f6
gxf6 22 6 7 .)
I8. . . h6 I 4
( t is use1ess fot White to Oove
his bishop aWay ftoO the centte,
since he does not succeed in ex-
p1oiting the pin on thef6 . Nec-
essaty Was I J , teOpting the
opponent into the effective I. . .
g5 20 fxg6 8 . In this case , 2I
OI xg6 22&J , fo11oWed by gI ,
gives White equa1 chances . In-
stead of I. . . g5 , Oote substant-
ia1 1ooks I 4 A5 , fo11oWed by
an occupation of the d4 squate . )
I. . . d8 20 w2 g5 | 2I J
22 2 7 2J dI
( White does not have any setious
I8
countetp1ay and decides to p1ace
his pieces siOp1y in "good posit
ions" . The sottie on the queen` s
f1ank , 2J a4 a5 24 O6 is dooOed
to fai1ute : 24. . . A5 | 25 a5?
8 . )
2J. . . h5 |
( 0f coutse , 61ack tisks nothing
by beginning an attack on the
king, and White is ob1iged to go
ovet to passive defence . )
24 I h4 25 2 dg8 26 &I A5
27 I
( This Oove is not good , if on1y
because aftet a feW Ooves the
knight tetutns to cJ and With the
tesu1t that White 1oses tWo
teOpi . 6ut a1so hatd1y bettet
Wou1d be 27 &J , because of the
siOp1e 27. . . 4 fo11oWed by 7-
c5 , and in the event of 28 2 ,
sttong is 28. . . c5 | 2 xd4 cxd4.
Litt1e is changed a1so by 27 4
xa4 j 27. . . 4? 28 xb6 axb6 2
xd4 | exd4 J0 e5 | | 28 A a4 g4 and
61ack Wou1d continue the attack
as in the ga. )
27. . . g4 28 hxg4 xg4 2 gI 5
( Thteatening J0. . . 2+ | JI I
2 . )
J0 &J 4 JI J c5 J2 2 c4 JJ
A2 6 |
(61ack coOp1etes his ptepatations
fot a decisive invasion on the
g-fi1e and the on1y Way to pte-
vent this is by the Oove J4 J
j so as , aftet J4. . . xf2, to p1ay
J5 h4||. oWevet , aftet J4. . .
7 | , 61ack s attack Wou1d a11
the saOe deve1op Without hind-
tance, fot exaOp1e J5 O5 j J5 fJ
J | | xf2 J6 Af2 Af2 J7 &f2
gJ | J8 8+ 7 J f6+ f6+ 40
&5 d8 and Wins . )
J4 O5 xf2 | J5 Af2 Af2
( The bishop is iOOune ftoO capt-
ute - J6 &f2 J | ot J6 f2
g2 . The agony begins . )
J6 6 5 J7 f6 2+ J8 &I Ad6
J xd6 c2 40 1 g2 4I I
a4 42 OJ 1+ 4J gI xgI+
0-I
( The seizing of the initiative
and the subsequent attack Was
conducted sp1endid1y by Chig-
otin . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin. |
55 Chigotin - Wa1btodt
( 6udapest I86)
ing ' s 0aObit 0ec1ined
I e4 e5 2 f4 d5 J fJ dxe4 4 xe5
6
( Modetn theoty considets this
continuation, equa11y With 4. . .
7 , as the sttongest fot 61ack .
The 5 Oust in the fitst in-
stance be exchanged, since 5 4
is thteatened . )
5 2
( The Oote natuta1 Oove is 5 d4,
but Chigotin is p1anning a knight
sactifice . )
5 e + 7
( chiva1tous gestute - 61ack
accepts the cha11enge . The shott-
coOings of the Oove 5 w2, te1at-
ed to the tetatded deve1opOent of
I0
his king ' s f1ank , can be undet-
1ined by Oeans of 5. . . f6 6 d4
exdJ 7 xdJ+ 7 fo11oWed by
. . . 0-0 With a good gaOe . )
6 e4 f6 7 d4 fxe5 8 fxe5
( typica1 positiona1 piece sac-
tifice fot tWo paWns and a poWet-
fu1 paWn centte . Though Chigotin
consideted that White ought to
obtain an attack ]ust as sttong
as in the Muzio ot 11gaiet 0aO-
bits, the ptob1eO hete is consid-
etab1y Oote difficu1t , since
White does not fot the ptesent
have an advantage in deve1opOent .
6ut in otdet to p1ace undet doubt
the cottectness of Chigotin's
sactifice , 61ack Oust p1ay enet-
getica11y , not c1inging to his
Oatetia1 advantage , and he Wi11
not be ab1e to do this .
t is intetesting that a siOi1at
sactifice of a piece , but in a
TWo nights 0efence , Was success-
fu11y cattied out by gtandOastet
6tonstein: I e4 e5 2 fJ 6 J
4 f6 4 5 d5 5 exd5 5 6 dJ
h6 7 fJ e4 8 dxe4 | c4 4
j 6tonstein-Ho]ahn, MoscoW I56| . )
8e + 4 c6
( Wa1btodt Wants to ptovide the c7
squate fot his bishop and, at the
saOe tiOe, covet the b7 paWn,
fteeing the 8 ftoO the tespons-
ibi1ity of defending it. 6ut , a11
the saOe , this Oove does not he1p
his deve1opOent and gives White
tiOe to otganise an attack .
61ack ought to p1ay fot an advan-
tage in deve1opOent by 8. . . f6
j on the Oove 8. . . O7 , White ob-
tains a good gaOe With the tep1y
9J , but possib1e a1so is the
attack With 5 , if . . . c6 then
I0 Ac6 bxc6 II wc6 8 I2 wd6
etc. | 1so Chigotin consideted
this Oove equa11y sttong, tight1y
be1ieving that the atteOpt to at
once tetutn the sactificed Oatet-
ia1 by w2 cou1d 1ead to a dan-
getous attack on the White king
aftet + 4 + 0-0| oWevet , the p1an
suggested by hiO, 4 O5 I0
g5 6 II 4 etc ., is not fot-
ced . 61ack cou1d seize the init-
iative by the countet-sactifice
of a piece , . . Ae5 | I0 dxe5
we5+ , fot exaOp1e : II 2 4 I2
4J 0-0 and White can p1ay neith-
et IJ g5 , because of IJ. . Ae2
I4xe2 wb2 , not IJ 0-0 Ae2 I4
I , because of I4 5+ . )
4 7 I0 0-0 6
(t fitst sight it seeOs that
61ack has found a successfu1 de-
p1oyOent of his fotces and if he
succeeds in p1aying . . . O7 and
0-0-0, evetything Wou1d be in
otdet 6ut White has an advantage
in deve1opOent and, exp1oiting
this , he begins an attack on the
king. )
I I g5 | wg5
( It is difficu1t to say Which is
the 1esset evi1 fot 61ack . 0f
coutse, the exchange of bishops
favouts White, since he obtains
the possibi1ity of invading both
II
on f7 and a1so on c8 , and on h7
j aftet Ag8 | oWevet , in the
event of II . . O7 , the 61ack king
is stuck in the centte fot a 1ong
tiOe , and White sttengthens his
attack With each Oove , fot ex-
aOp1e : I2 O2 | O7 IJ cJ 6 I4
4 6 I5 5 8 I6O4 | etc . )
I2 Ae6
I2 . . 6?
(61ack has p1ayed the opening
soOeWhat incottect1y, but this
Oove fina11y tuins his gaOe
tobab1y this is the tesu1t of an
ovetsight , since , in tepu1sing
the thteat of invasion on the f7
squate , 61ack does not notice the
thteat to the b7 paWn.
Chigotin, ana1ysing this posit-
ion, ana1ysed on1y tWo vatiat-
ions : I2 . 7 IJ h4 6 I4 4 ,
and I 2 . 7 I J 8 | j not IJ
Ag8( ?) xg8 I4 wh7 6| 6 I4
O26 I544 | a11oWing White to
deve1op a vety sttong attack , fot
exaOp1e : (I ) I5 . f6 I6 4 O5
I7 O6+ &8 I8 f7 wh4 I 7
Oate , ( 2) I5. . xc8 I6 O6+ &8
I7 f7 6 I8 f8+ 7 j if I8M M W
&7 then I xc8| Ixc8 f6 20
xb6+ axb6 2I d5 | cxd5 22 4+
and xh8 . | . oWevet , 61ack s pos-
ition cou1d be defended With the
Oove I2. . . 7 , ptepating 0-0-0
White Wou1d have seveta1 teOpting
attacking p1ans, but in none of
theO can be seen a quick outcoOe
to the sttugg1e , fot exaOp1e : IJ
f7 I+ j ot M W M 7| , IJ h4 7
I4 9f7+ 8 15 4J 6 I6 J g6
fo11oWed by M M W f5 , IJ 4J 0-0-0
I4 f7 6 | 15 h4 6 I6 g6
hxg6 I7 xg7 f5 |
ftet I2W W O7 , the best ptos-
pects seeO to 1ie in IJ 7+ 8
I4 4J 6 15 d1 fo11oWed by
d5 , but a1so hete it is not
siOp1e to ptove an advantage fot
White . )
IJ8 | O7 I4 Ab7 &7 I5 Ac6 |
( White secutes the d5 squate fot
his knight . This invasion Oust
decide the gaOe fat quicket than
the ptosaic I5 Aa8 . )
I5. . . f8 I6 4J xf1+ I7 xf1
f8 I 8O5+ 8 I f4 8 20 5
7 2I 5 |
( Chigotin conducts the attack
beautifu11y . The bishop c1eats
the Way fot the queen to a8 . )
2IW M M g5 22 8+ 8 2JO5 6 24
Ad7 d7 25 7+ I-0
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin. |
56 Chigotin - Tattasch
( 6udapest I86)
Spanish
I2
I e4 e5 2 fJ 46 J 5 f6 4 2
d6
( Tattasch does not p1ay "accotd-
ing to Tattasch" . e Oight have
ca1O1y continued 4M W M 5 . If then
5 Ac6 dxc6 6 xe5 , then not
6. . . 4 7 OJ 6 8 fJ 0-0 f2
With advantage to White , but
siOp1y 6M 4 .0-0 With an attack fot
the paWn . )
5 d4 exd4
( SiOp1et is 5. . . 97 , but Tattasch
has a high1y piquant tetott in
Oind . )
6 e5 dJ |
( The on1y Oove, since aftet 6 . .
dxe5 7 xe5 4+ 8 cJ , 61ack
1oses a piece. 6y divettng the
c2 paWn, 61ack gains tiOe fot a
saving check on b4. )
7 cxdJ dxe5 8 xe5 4+ 92 0-0
( The thteat of . . 8 , exp1oiting
his backWatd deve1opOent , tequit
es White to p1ay vety accutate1y .
Chigotin tepu1ses a11 61ack ' s
attpts to obtain the attack in
exeOp1aty fashion. )
I0 Ac6 | Ad2+ I I xd2 bxc6 I2
xc6 6 IJ 7+ 8 I4 xc8
xc8 I5 0-0
( White coOp1etes his deve1opOent .
O Wi11 of coutse 1ose the dJ
paWn, but he endeavouts to se11
its 1ife as deat1y as possib1e . )
I5. . . fd8 I6 4 | dJ I7 dJ
xdJ I8 xf6 gxf6
(nd so We have teached the end-
ing . 61ack ' s paWns ate a11 iso1-
ated and Weak , and his on1y
countetchance consists of invad-
ing With his tooks on the seventh
tank . In took endings , such an
invasion can coOpensate even fot
the 1oss of a paWn. White ' s pos-
ition is coOp1icated sti11 futth
et in that he Oust 1ose tiOe to
cteate a f1ight squate fot his
king . Nevetthe1ess Chigotin finds
the on1y Way to give hiOse1f Win-
ning chances - by invading on the
seventh tank . )
I fdl | d8 20 dJ xdJ 2I gJ
2 22 l | b2 2J xc7 xa2
( s is shoWn by the gaOe contin-
uation , occupying the seventh
tank , With the 61ack king on the
eighth , ptoves decisive, and , ob-
]ective1y speaking , Tattasch
shou1d have continued 2J. . . 7 24
a7 6. Since the 61ack took
occupies a position behind the a-
paWn, such an ending Wou1d give
61ack gteatet chances of a dtaW.
I tea1ise that such advice is
easy to give aftet the end of a
gaOe , but Which Oastet , in a siO-
i1at position, Wou1d Wi11ing1y
a11oW the opponent an extta pass-
ed paWn?)
24 xf7 6
diagtaO
( hite has achieved his optiOuO
position. That the extent of
hite ' s advantage is not gteat ,
can be seen by the fact that ,
even in the event of the 1oss of
IJ
61ack ' s a7 paWn, the ending of
took and thtee paWns against took
and tWo paWns is sti11 fat ftoO
Won . )
25 2 8 26 7 2 27 h4 a6
(61ack ' s 1ast tWo Ooves tevea1
that he does not suspect any
danget fot hiOse1f , he intends to
stick to his Waiting tactics . In
patticu1at , he does not advance
the paWn futthet so as not to
1iOit the Oobi1ity of his took on
the a-fi1e. I considet that this
tactic is tight : the vatiation
26. . . l j instead of the Oove in
the gaOe , 264 4 4 2| 27 h4 a5 28
h5 h6 2 &J a4 J0 4 aJ JI &5
f1 j ot JI .. . a2 J2 7| J2 6
&8 JJ 7 xf2 J4 aJ, shoWs
the danget to Which 61ack exposes
hiOse1f by speeding up the adv-
ance of the a-paWn. )
28 &J h5
( The pteceding Oove , 27. . . a6 ,
ptepated the advance of the paWn
to h5 , since it ptevented the
tep1y 2 5 . n ana1ysis of the
position shoWs that Tattasch
chose the best defence . siOp1e
continuation of the Waiting tac-
tics does not he1p , fot the teas-
on that the 61ack king finds it-
se1f in zugzWang j on . . . O8,
Wou1d fo11oW f7| and 61ack, if
he does not Want to advance the
a-paWn, can Oove the took on1y
a1ong the a-fi1e . White sets up a
paWn fotOation, fJ, g4, h5,
Which , in vieW of the thteat h6 ,
evokes the tep1y . . . h6 . 6ut then
the White king invades via f5 to
g6 , fot exaOp1e : 28. . . 4 2 h5
h6 J0 7 2 JI g4 a5 J2 J a4
JJ fJ f5 j othetWise J4 4 etc .|
J4 gxf5 al J5 4 l J6 &5
xh5 J7 &6 l J8 8+ O7 J f6
1+ 40 5, and the f-paWn ad-
vances to queen . )
2 7 5
( The thteat Was J0 5 . In this
position, Tattasch ptoposed a
dtaW, not seeing the Winning p1an
fot White . Chigotin dec1ines the
dtaW and bti11iant1y deOonsttates
the Way of tea1ising White s tiny
advantage . )
J0 4 f8 JI fJ
( NoW White s p1an unfut1s. e
agtees to the exchange of one
thitd of his sOa11 paWn possess-
ions , ]ust to obtain a passed h-
paWn. oWevet, in cattying out
this p1an, Which Oust 1ead to
victoty , Chigotin Oakes an in-
accutate otdet of Ooves , hete he
shou1d have at fitst p1ayed JI
a7 and on1y aftet JI. . . 8 con-
I4
tinued J2 fJ , then J2W W W 4+ JJ
5 J does not Wotk because of
J4 6 8 J5 f7+ and J6 xf6 . )
JI. . . 8
( 6ut Tattasch a1so does not take
advantage of the oppottunity pte-
sented to hiO, by p1aying JI .. .
a4+ J2 5 aJ JJ f4 xgJ J4
&f6 8 J5 c5 4| J6 5+ 8 ,
he cou1d have btought the gaOe to
a dtaWn conc1usion. )
J2 a7 8 JJ g4 | hxg4 J4 fxg4
1
(t fitst sight it is incoOpteh-
ensib1e Why 61ack ftees the Way
fot the White king. 6ut Tattasch
tight1y ca1cu1ates that he cannot
continue With passive p1ay fot
Ouch 1onget , fot exaOp1e : J4. . .
8 J5 h5 8 J6 h6 8 J7 7
8 J8 g6 7 J h7 | 4+ 40 J
J+ 4I 4 l 42 h8()+ 8 4J
xf6+ 7 44 5 | &h8 j 44W M M 5+
45 f5 xf5+ 46 gxf5 &h8 47
6 |] 45 6 8 46 6, and
White Wins by the saOe Oethod as
in the gaOe . oWevet , 61ack can
sti11 save hiOse1f if he , by giv-
ing up the a6 paWn and Oaintain-
ing his took on the fifth tank ,
does not a11oW the advance of the
king, fot exaOp1e : J4 . . 8 J5 h5
5 | J6 xa6 7 J7 7+ 8 | J8
J 5 J O4 5 40 h6 5 4I
7+ f8 42 6 &7 4J h7 |
and the vatiation Oight end in
the fo11oWing Way , 44 O5 l | 45
h8 () + 8 46 xf6+ 7 47 f7+
&h8 48 6 c8 With a dtaWn ps-
ition . )
J5 5 f1+ J6 6 f4 |
( Tattasch defends in Oastetfu1
fashion. )
J7 g5 | fxg5
( I f J7. . . h4 , then not J8 gxf6?
but J8 8+ | &7 J gxf6+ etc . )
J8 hxg5
( Though White is 1eft With on1y
one paWn, his position, ftoO be-
ing soOeWhat bettet , is ttans-
fotOed into a theotetica1 Win
thanks to the active position of
his pieces and the position of
the paWn on the g-fi1e . )
J8. . . 4
( 61ack cannot achieve a dtaW by
Oeans of J8 . . 8 , since thete
Wou1d fo11oW J 8+ j aftet J
xa6? f8 dtaWs | f8 40 f8+
&f8 I O7 , and the g-paWn ad-
vances to queen. )
J 8+ 7 40 6 a5
( 1so hope1ess is 40. . . 6 4I g6
5 42 g7 4 4J a6 . ftet
40. . . 4I g6 I+ 42 7 , thete
is a1so teached a We11-knoWn
theotetica1 position, Winning fot
White )
4I g6 I 42 g7 I+ 4J 6 1+
44 7 I+ 45 8 I 46 7+
&8 47 6 |
( White intends to ptoOote the g7
paWn aftet 48 6 and 8 . )
47 . . I 48 a5
( NoW White thteatens 4 &5+ &7
50 7 f1+ 5I 6 I+ 52 5 . )
48. . . &I 4 5 gI 50 &5+ I-0
( n iOpottant took ending,
tequiting ftoO Chigotin quite ex-
ceptiona1 Oastety - the Oote so
that Tattasch a1so defended ex-
ce11enty . The iOpottance of
possessing the seventh tank caOe
out vety c1eat1y in the ptesent
gaOe .
6otvinnik bestoWs gteat ptaise on
this ending and , in his "Se1ected
0aOes" , Wtites "Whenevet I p1ay a
took ending , I a1Ways teOeObet
this gaOe . " )
Notes b y Levenfish . |
57 Matoczy - ChigotIn
( 6udapest I86)
0utch 0efence
I d4 f5
( Chigotin tate1y chose the 0utch
0efence . tobab1y he expected 2
e4, the Staunton 0aObit , Which he
Was happy to accept , and With
gteat success . )
2 c4 e6 J aJ f6 4 J 7 5 eJ
0-0 6 fJ d5
( White intends to continue J
and e4 , opening the centte . The
Oanoeuvte in the gaOe iOOediate1y
changes the situation: the centte
is c1osed and White begins opet-
ations on the queen's f1ank ,
61ack - on the king ' s side . )
7 bJ c6 8 J 7
( Not 8. . . d7 because of cxd5
and White opens the c-fi1e to his
advantage . 61ack intends to ttan-
sfet his bishop to the king ' s
f1ank . )
2 O8 |
I5
( attying the thteat I0 cxd5 ,
aftet Which cou1d fo11oW I0. . .
exd5 11 Af5? Af5 I2 f5 4
With the Win of a knight . )
I02 96
( NoW aftet II cxd5 exd5 I2 Af5
Af5 IJ f5 4 I4 J , unfav-
outab1e fot 61ack Wou1d be I4. . .
O5? I5 b4 Ab4 I6 axb4 b4 I7
0-0 | b2 I8 4e4 fxe4 I 5
etc . Chigotin has in Oind a pos-
itiona1 sactifice of a paWn:
I4. . . O7 | I5 0-0 7 and then f6
With a vety sttong attack . White
thetefote fina11y c1oses the
centte and begins active opetat-
ions on the queen ' s f1ank . )
I I 5 7 I2 b4 8 IJ5
( White takes advantage of the
OoOent to sttengthen the centte
by Oeans of f4, theteby sevete1y
teducing 61ack ' s chances of
attack . )
I J . 7 I4 f4 d7 I5 2
( The natuta1 continuation is I5
OfJ 3 I6 5 hoWevet , aftet
this cou1d fo11oW I6. . . Ae5 I7
fxe5 4 I8 1 5 | IOI Oxh2 |
White ' s backWatdness in deve1op
Oent begins to te11 and a1so the
fact that he has not cast1ed . )
I 5 . . . g6 I6 0-0
( tobab1y the best Way out of the
position. White sactifices a paWn
but seizes the initiative . Cast-
1ing queen' s side is obvious1y
tisky With 61ack thteatening 4
and e5 . )
I6. . . 4| I7 2 4h2 I8 h2
g5 I I 7 20 fJ Of6 2I J
8 22 2 h5 2J 1 7
( point1ess 1oss of tiOe . O
cou1d p1ay . . . 4 at once .)
24 92 4 25 J &6 26 f1 8
27 1
( The knight has in Oind the itin-
etaty b1-d2-fJ-e5 ot g5 . )
27. 4 . 28 a4
(Convinced of the iOptegnabi1ity
of his king ' s f1ank , White
changes his p1an. )
28. . . fb8 2 b5 8 J0 J g6 JI
O2
JI .. . b6 |
( 6eginning a neW phase of the
gaOe . 61ack , having secuted his
king ' s position, sets about
bteaking thtough the eneOy ftont .
The sttugg1e assuOes a vety tense
chatactet . )
J2 2 |
( tepating, in the event of J2. . .
bxc5 JJ dxc5 , to occupy the a1-h8
diagona1 With queen and bishop . )
J2. . . Of6 JJ 1 8 J4 OJ 7 J5
OI 98 J6 OfJ 4
( Necessaty , to ptevent the Oove
I6
O5 . )
J7 2 7 J8 e4
( Matoczy p1ays the Who1e gaOe
With exttaotdinaty entetptise .
The coObination in the gaOe 1ooks
vety teOpting, but in the end it
is tefuted by Chigotin' s ski1fu1
defence . ethaps he shou1d have
quiet1y Oaintained the tension by
Oeans of J8 c2 , not feating
J8 o cxb5 J axb5 bxc5 40 dxc5
Ab5 , because of 4I Ag4 fxg4 42
xg4 etc . e a1so cannot go into
J8. . . cxb5 J axb5 Ab5 40 Ab5
bxc5 4I xc5 7 42 A6 b2 4J
b2 xb2 44 Aa8 Ac5 45 dxc5
I+ 46 f1 When White Wou1d
Win. )
J84 o xh2 |
( Necessaty . 0n J8o o dxe4 Wou1d
fo11oW J d5 exd5 40 Ag4 fxg4 4I
xg4 With a sttong attack . )
J exd5 4
( I f J4 = cxd5 , then 40 c6 , Whi1e
aftet J+ + o exd5 the open e-fi1e
is dangetous . )
40 bxc6 7 | 4I d6
( Thete is nothing bettet . 0n 4I
dxe6 Wou1d fo11oW 41o 4 o bxc5 42
xc5 6 4J AJ Ad4+ 44 Ad4
1+ 45 wbI d4+ and 61ack
Wins . )
4I o bxc5 42 xc5 9f6 | 4J J
( W W x2 1S thteatened 0n 4J
AJ , Ad4+ is decisive. )
4J4 o 4 6 44 d7 Ad7 45 cxd7 d7
46 I b8
( The attack has been tepu1sed .
61ack tetains the paWn and, in
addition, his pieces a11 occupy
dinating positions . With a feW
enetgetic Ooves , Chigotin decides
the gaOe . )
47 AJ 6 48 gJ J 4 d1 c8
5 1 dJ 5I xdJ 4 52 Ag4
hxg4 5J 1
( 0t 5J AJ 6. )
5J4 = w xd4 0-I
j Notes by Levenfish . |
58 Chigotin - Chatousek
( 2nd Match 0aOe , 6udapest I86 )
TWo nights 0efence
I e4 e5 2 fJ 6 J A4 f6 4 d4
exd4 5 0-0 A5
j nothet good continuation is
5. . . xe4 6 &I d5 7 Ad5 d5 8
J 5 | and 61ack has a good
gaOe . |
6 e5 d5 7 exf6
( I find that White ptesetves a11
of his tesoutces fot a 1asting
and successfu1 attack )
7 4 dxc4 8 &I+ 6 5
j The "Latobok" gives a1so fxg7
8 I0 5 7 | II Ae7 e7 I2
xd4 8 IJ cJ xg7 I4 4 &8
and 61ack ' s position is bettet ,
since I5 xc6? is not possib1e
because of 4 xg2+ . |
a e e 5 I0J &5 I I e4 6
j The "Latobok" tecoends I I e o
9f8 | I2 g4 wg4+ IJwg4 Ag4 I4
fxg7 Ag7 I5 f6+ &8 and 61ack
has the bettet gaOe I6 xh7+
( if I6 xg4 then I64 o o h5| xh7 I7
xh7+ 8 I8 5 4 etc . NoWa-
days I I M W W 0-00 is consideted
I7
best . |
I2J
jI2 fxg7 is sttonget , e . g the
gaOe Chigotin-TeichOann, London
I8, Which continued I2. . . 8 IJ
g4 6 I4 4e6 fxe6 I5 g5 | xg7
I6 &J | e5? ( ot I6. . . f7 I7 Of6+ )
I7 Of6+ &7 I8 h4 h6 I O4+ 6
( ot I . . 8 20 h5 &7 2I Of6+ )
20 h5 &7 2I f6 | g8 22 &5+
&5 2J bJ | g4+ 24 wg4 8 25
bxc4+ &c4 26 g5 hxg5 27 J |
5 28 we5 I-0. |
I2. . . 6
( I f 2. . . wf6? then IJ 5 6 I4
Oxe6 fxe6 I5 xe6+ etc )
IJOxe6 fxe6 I4 xe6+ &7 I5 5 |
e8 I6 Of4 &7 ( ?)
jftet I6. . . &5 I7 g4 5 etc . ,
61ack has an exce11ent gaOe . |
I7 &J |
( This Oove p1ays an essentia1
patt in White s attack . )
I7. . . d8 |
( 0n I7 . . xe6 Wou1d fo11oW I8
O5+ Ooves IOxe6 gxf6 20 f4 ,
White tetutns the paWn fot an ex-
ce11ent position, he can take the
c4 paWn With the queen, ot the c7
paWn With the knight . )
I8 2
( gain, equa11y sttong , it seeOs ,
Wou1d be the continuation I8 O5+
8 I &5 8 20 2 gxf6 2I
xf6 O7 22 O6 8 2J &I , and
White has Oany chances of Winning
the h-paWn and aftet that the
gaOe )
I8. . . gxf6 I e1
j Oistake . NoW 61ack cou1d have
obtained the advantage With the
Oove I . O5 | , e . g . 20 O5+ 8
2I xe8 ( 2I 1xe5? xd5 22 xe8+
8) we8 , and White no 1onget
has an attack . White shou1d have
p1ayed I O5+ and 20 wc4 With
an equa1 gaOe .|
I. . xe6 20 4e6 &8 2I 5 |
xel+ 22 el 7 2J &5+ 8
jftet 2J. . . 8 24 O4 5 | 25
Oxf6+ &7 26 we5 4e5 27 4h7
6 28 Of8+ &7 2 7 6 etc .,
61ack cou1d achieve a dtaW, hoW
evet , he quite ]ustifiab1y p1ays
fot the Win. |
24 2 |
( This is sttonget than 24 O4 , as
noW White iOOediate1y Wins the h7
paWn and then the f6 paWn. With-
out doubt , the advance of the h
paWn is in itse1f sufficient to
Win the gaOe . )
24. . . w2
(61ack cannot defend the h7 paWn.
I f 24. . . h6 then 25 O4, ot 24. . .
O5 25 Oxh7 O7 26 h4 | thteaten-
ing Oxf6 . )
I8
j Not 26 5? w2 | , Whi1e aftet 26
I | 61ack cou1d have sti11
obtained a good gaOe . The Oove
in the gaOe ought to 1ead to a
dtaW. |
25 f6+ 7
( 0n 25. . . 8 , White cou1d a1so
1eave the bishop undet attack by
the queen, by p1aying 26 &5+ &8
27 h4, if 7. . . d2, then 28 w6
7 2 f7+ &8 0 5 I+ I
2 2 g4 h4+ 2 and
Wins , on1y a sactifice of the
queen saves 61ack ftoO Oate in
tWo Ooves . )
26 h4 |
j sttong Oove . NoW 61ack shou1d
fotce a dtaW: 26. . . d2 | 27 f7+
8 ( if 27. . . 8?, then 28 5 |
I+ 2 2 5 0 g4 | ) 28 e7
I+ (28. . . c6 2 6+ Oates ) 2
2 &4+ and White best pays 0
I , since 0 &5+ I
6+ 2 4 8 | 61ack stands
We11 . |
26. . . d?
j decisive Oistake | |
27 f7+ 8
( I f 27. . . 8 then 28 5 and, to
avoid Oate , 61ack st sactifice
a piece by taking the f2 paWn
With the een, if hoWevet 28. . .
Af2+ then 2 2 | 5 0 $5 . )
28 8+ &7 2 8+ 6
j 0t 2. . . 6 0 w8+ &5 I 7+
5 2 J+ and the 7 is 1ost . |
0 5+ I &8+ I-0
( 0n I4 o 4 4 Wou1d have fo11oWed
2 & 4+ 5 4|)
I
j n intetesting gaOe , though not
Without Oistakes | |
j Notes by Chigotin ( ) and 6ogo1-
ubov j | . |
5 Chigotin - Chatousek
(4th Match 0aOe , 6udapest I86)
TWo nights efence
I e4 e 2 6 A4 f6 4 d4
exd4 5 0-0 A5 6 e D 7 5
( In Oy opinion, the attack With
this Oove guatantees White a cet-
tain dtaW. )
j t this stage , it Was sufficient
fot Chigotin to Oake a dtaW in
otdet to Win the Oatch, and so,
in this gaOe , he avoids the
count1ess coOp1ications invo1ved
in the so-ca11ed Max ange ttack
7 exf6 dxc4 8 I+ etc . , as p1ay-
ed in the second gaOe of the
Oatch . |
7. . . 4 8 xd4 00
( In ptactica1 p1ay , the defence
8. . . 7 is Oote often seen. ct-
ua11y if White continues the
attack With xc6 ot Ac6 , as
is constant1y p1ayed, then 61ack
obtains an exce11ent gaOe by con-
tinuing 1atet . . . f ot f6 . oW-
evet , I intended to continue the
attack by | and Chatousek
had a1so given attention to this
Oove . I do not think that 61ack
can find a satisfactoty defence . )
j In his "NeW TiOes" co1uOn, 28th
0ctobet I86 to 6th anuaty I87 ,
Chigotin gave a vety detai1ed
ana1ysis of this atack . |
( In the text books , the Oain vat-
iations ate a11 in 61ack s
favout . oWevet , I think that
White can Win a paWn Without any
danget to hiOse1f. )
4c6
j ossib1e is Ac6 and I0 Oxc6 . |
M M W bxc6 I0 Ac6 96 | II wd5
(II Aa8 Af1 I2 wd5 is not
possib1e because of I2. . . A4 | j ot
I2 . . 96| With the Win of a
piece . )
I I . . . wd5
( 6y exchanging queens , Chatousek
tecovets the tWo paWns , but this
tesu1ts in the exchange of Oany
pieces , aftet Which White un-
doubted1y has the bettet posit-
ion oWevet, aftet the contin-
uation II. . . Afl I2 we4 96 ,
61ack Wins the exchange fot tWo
paWns and the question as to
Which side then has the advantage
is difficu1t to decide by ana1y-
sis . I out1ine on1y the Oain
featutes of the futthet possib1e
p1an of p1ay fot White : ( l ) IJ
4J 8 I4 4 f5 I5 J , the
200
text books considet 61ack s gaOe
is sttonget , but this is open to
question. j "ConteOpotaty 0pen-
ings" gives the ptefetence to
White s gaOe fine i11usttation
of this vatiation is shoWn by the
gaOe , Chigotin-o1enko, p1ayed in
a cottespondence toutnaOent in
I8 , Which continued I5. . . 6 I6
6| f7 I7 g5 Af2+ ( "ftet
I7. . . 7 Wou1d fo11oW I8 I 8
I e6 . " higotin) I8 wf2 wg5 I
5 7 20O4 | 6 2I Af7+ wf7
22 5 6 2J 2 8 24 I 6
25 J h6 26 4+ O8 27 8 hxg5
28 xe8+ Ae8 2 wc7 I-0 . | 0t
( 2) IJ O2 8 I4 cJ , and then,
accotding to 61ack s Oove , eithet
b4 ot 5 and J . 0n a fu11 ex-
aOination of the othet Oove I2. . .
5 j in p1ace of I 2. . . 96| I did
not find a bettet tep1y than IJ
4J , then Wou1d fo11oW IJ. . . Ac6
I4 wc6 4 I5 4 8 I6 I ot
bJ. )
I 2 Ad5 ad8 IJ c4 xd5
( ( I f IJ. . . 4f2, then I4 f2 c4
I5 fJ | etc ) )
I4 cxd5 fl I5 &fl Oxf2 I6 4J
( The best . White cannot ho1d on
to the extta paWn. )
I6. . . OJ I7 &2 4e5 I8 f4 8
I e5 xe5+ 20 &J 5?
( ( ete he shou1d continue 20. . .
f5 | , so as to offset te Weaken-
ed position of his queen s f1ank
With an advantage on the king s
side . ) )
2 I 4 | f8
( 0n the tetteat of the bishop to
b6, White , by continuing I ,
gains tiOe fot the defence of the
g2 paWn With the took on e2 . )
22 hJ 4+ 2J &J f4 24 I
( White thteatens eithet 25 5 ,
ot 25 4 j if then 25. . . f5 ,
thete fo11oWs 26 5 and 1 | . )
24. . . f2 25 2 xe2
( (ftet the exchange of tooks ,
the ending is hope1ess fot
61ack . ) )
26 xe2 7 27 4 &8 28 5 8
2 6 5 J0 5 J
( I f noW 61ack tetutns the bishop
to e7 , then White Wou1d p1ay his
king to c6 , fo11oWed by aJ and
b4. 61ack, hoWevet, Ooves the
bishop to eJ and this hastens the
end. )
JI 6 &8 J2 b4 h5 JJ a4 92 J4
b5 h4 J5 4 g5 J6 f5 I
( Necessaty, othetWise White Wou1d
Win a paWn by p1aying 7 . )
J7 6 f6 J8 5 4 J 4 8
40 6 96
( I f 40. . . 5 , then 4I 5 f5 42
7 4 4J d6 cxd6 44 xd6+ d6
45 &d6 g4 46 5 etc . )
4I a5 $J 42 b6 axb6 4J axb6 cxb6
44 d6 d6 45 &d6 b5 46 4 b4
47 6 I-0
j Notes by Chigotin ( ) , 0tekov j |
and 6ogo1]ubov ( ( ) ) . |
60 Chigotin - Schiffets
( I4th Match 0aOe , etetsbutg I87)
Sici1ian 0efence
I e4 c5 2 J 6 J gJ d6 4 $2
20I
e5
( In the I860 ' s this Oove Was te-
coOOended by ndetssen: it is an
atteOpt to 1iOit the activity of
White ' s king' s bishop . oWevet ,
61ack ' s d6 paWn is 1eft backWatd
and the d5 squate is Weak . In Oy
opinion, it Wou1d be bettet not
to advance the e-paWn, but to
deve1op With the Ooves . . . g6 and
$7 . )
5 e2 f5
( Schiffets p1ayed the saOe open-
ing a1so in his gaOe With von
6atde1eben at the astings toutn-
aOent in I85 . )
6 dJ f6 7 f4 fxe4
( This saOe Oistake - in Oy opin-
ion a1teady decisive - Was a1so
Oade in the above-Oentioned gaOe ,
though Schiffets ' opponent did
not exp1oit it. oWevet , Chigotin
in the ptesent gaOe p1ays abso1-
ute1y fau1t1ess1y and finds the
sttongest Oove evety tiOe - and
this is tate1y seen, even in
gaOes betWeen the sttongest Oast-
ets . In siOi1at positions , Whete
tWo paits of paWns stand opposite
each othet , in the Oa]otity of
cases the infetiot gaOe is ob
tained by the p1ayet Who ex-
changes paWns fitst - apatt ftoO
the case When such an exchange
gives an iediate advantage . )
8 dxe4 $4
( Whethet 61ack Oakes this Oove ot
not - thete is no 1onget any
chance of hiO equa1ising the
gaOe . )
f5 | A7 I0 hJ e2 I I xe2 0-0
I2 0-0
0n a deepet study of this posit-
ion, Which on the sutface Oight
seeO quite equaI , the signific-
ance of 6Iack ' s Oistaken idea
beces cIeat . 6Iack , by exchang-
ing his f-paWn fot the White d-
paWn j but not fot the e-paWn| ,
cIeated the f5 squate and gave
the oppottunity fot the White
paWn to advance to this squate .
This outpost cteates the danget
of a quick attack , Which actuaIIy
ptoves ittesistbIe 6ut , on the
othet hand, the 6Iack d-paWn
shoWs itseIf as a OatetiaI , but
by no Oeans a positionaI equivaI-
ent fot the White f5 paWn. Thus
6Iack Ioses because these tWo
paWns of diffetent vaIue , he
evaIuates as being of equaI
Wotth , and exchanges theO )
I2. . O
0thet Ooves, fot exaOpIe I2. . .
4 , WouId not be bettet . )
IJ cJ 8
202
6Iack Was thteatened With the
Ioss of a paWn aftet I4 OJ . )
I4 g4 8 I 5 2|
s WiII be seen Iatet , this is
the beginning of a fine Oanoeuvte
Which has the aiO of cattying out
a paWn stotO on the opponent s
king position.)
I5. . .
j NoWadays, in the defence of siO-
iIat positions , the exchange of
bishops by Oeans of I5. . . g5
WouId be consideted absoIuteIy
essentiaI . |
I6I d7 I7 2 7 I8fJ d5
6Iack advances his backWatd paWn
and, With its futthet advance, it
Oight even becoOe passed . oWevet
this paWn does not have any kind
of infIuence on the futthet
coutse of the gaOe as does the
White f-paWn j and the othet White
paWns on the king s fIank| . )
I h4 |
0f coutse , 6Iack cannot take
this paWn, since aftet 20 g5 he
WouId Iose a piece . )
I. . . dxe4
This ftees the e4 squate fot
White . ossibIy Oote chances Wete
offeted by I. . . d4 . )
20 e4 8
White cannot noW pIay 2I g5 , be-
cause of 2I. . . 6 . )
2I 5 g5
I f 6Iack does not exchange , then
this knight invades on e6 . )
22 hxg5 6 2J J O6 24 g6 | O8
0n 24. . . hxg6 WouId have foIIoWed
J , 95 and fxg6 . )
25 J h6 26 Ah6 | f6
0n 26. . . gxh6 Wou1d have fo11oWed
27 wh6 and then 95 . )
27 $5 8 28 Af6 xf6 2 7
I-0
Notes by Tattasch . In giving the
gaOe With Tattasch ' s notes it is
necessaty to state that hete and
thete they ate too dogOatic , and
thetefote questionab1e hoWevet ,
they c1eat1y tef1ect the chatact-
et of the sttugg1e and Oost iO-
pottant1y its fine points . |
6I 6utn - Chigotin
6et1in I87)
ueen ' s 0aObit : Chigotin 0efence
I d4 d5 2 c4 46 J fJ $4 4 eJ
e6 5 4J 4 6 J
he text Oove inttoduces a
btoad1y thought out , but , appat-
ent1y incottect sttategica1 p1an:
White ptepates queen s side cast-
1ing, Which, in conunction With
the open g-fi1e and the ptesence
of the tWo bishops , shou1d give
hiO attacking chances . |
6. . . AfJ
j 0thetWise 7 5 xe5 8 wb4,
Winning a paWn. |
7 gxfJ e7 8 92 0-0 aJ
White iOOediate1y puts the ques-
tion to the bishop on b4 hoW-
evet , the Oove f4, ot even
0-0-0, Wou1d conttibute Oote to
his deve1opOent . )
o 4 4 AcJ
The tetteat of the bishop, . . .
20J
dxc4 I0 Ac4 96 , is 1ess atttac-
tive, since aftet II 4 8 I2
a4 61ack does not succeed in
p1aying eithet . . . b5 ot e5 . )
I0 AcJ 8
s Wi11 be seen 1atet , the def-
ence of the b7 paWn is by no
Oeans the Oain putpose of this
Oove . )
I I gI 6
Mote accutate Wou1d be anothet
otdet of Ooves - I I . . . 6 , fot
the ptesent not detetOining the
position of the 7 , and a1so
attacking the h2 paWn. In this
case , White Wou1d have no bettet
Oove than I2 f4, aftet Which
Chigotin cou1d catty out his
ttied and tested scheOe of b1ock-
ading the centte : I24 4 4 dxc4 IJ
Ac4 O5 | and then . . f5 . )
I2 0-0-0
j nd so White catties out the
sttategica1 p1an out1ined in the
note to his sixth Oove . oWevet ,
even noW its negative side is
appatent . 61ack has an advantage
in deve1opOent , White ' s "bishop-
pait" is testticted in its Oobi1-
ty due to the paWn chain, the
White queen is unfavoutab1y p1ac-
ed, and , fina11y, the paWns on
the king ' s f1ank ate extteOe1y
Weak . |
I 2 . . . O6 I J gJ
61ack has coOe out of the open-
ing With the bettet ptospects .
The advantage of the tWo bishops
is not fe1t hete , since they ate
testtained by his oWn iobi1e
paWn Oass in the centte . ot the
cteation of any tea1 thteats on
the g-fi1e , White needs a gteat
dea1 of tiOe , Wheteas 61ack ' s
countetp1ay on the queens f1ank
vety quick1y teates havo . )
I J o + 4 dxc4 | I4 wc4 |
Taking the paWn With the bishop
1eads to an opening of the b-fi1e
in a considetab1y Oote favoutab1e
situation fot 61ack - With the
queen on bJ : I4 Ac4 b5 I5 9J b4
I6 axb4 4b4 I7 Ab4 xb4 I8 J
fb8 . )
I4. . . b5 |
The basic aiO of the Oove I0. . .
8 becoOes c1eat . )
I5 5 | b4| I6 axb4 Oxb4 I7 A4
White inttoduces the bishop into
p1ay j fotesta11ing . . . 2+ | and
Waits fot a suitab1e OoOent to
siOp1ify . NoW I7 wd6 cxd6 I8
Ab4 xb4 I J 7 Wou1d be
tathet in favout of 61ack , Who
deve1ops ptessute on the b2
paWn . )
I7. . . 6 I8 g1
n unnecessaty Oove , since White
cannot cteate thteats on the g-
fi1e. Eithet noW ot on the fo11o-
Wing Oove, White shou1d have ex-
changed queens , and then, aftet
2 , occupied the a-fi1e With the
took . The AJ te1iab1y defends
the b2 paWn, and the ptessute on
the a7 paWn cou1d gtadua11y
equa1ise the chances . )
I8. . . fb8 I 2 O7 |
204
nti1 noW the 61ack queen cou1d
not Oove aWay ftoO d6 because it
defended the 4. NoW, When the
knight is defended by the tooks ,
Chigotin iOOediate1y Ooves the
queen aWay ftoO exchange and the
tension incteases shatpy . t
once thete atise conctete thteats
to the White king, fot exaOp1e ,
20. . . 4 and 2 I . . . 6 . )
20 a1
White not on1y patties the
thteat 20. . . 4, but a1so at-
teOpts to divett the 61ack pieces
by an attack on the a7 paWn. The
othet Way of defending against
20. . . 4 Was by 20 bJ, aftet this
61ack is undet soOe thteat ftoO
the Oatch h4-h5 . evetthe1ess ,
61ack ' s initiative Wou1d be suf-
ficient1y sttong , fot exaOp1e : 20
bJ O5 2I h4 xbJ | 22 AbJ xbJ
2J c1 Oxh4 24 wa7 h6 . )
20. . . a6 |
61ack not on1y defends the paWn
but cteates the thteat of . . . 6
ot e5 . )
j If at once 20. . . 6 , then 2I
5 , and if 20. . . e5 , then 2I xa7
exd4 22 exd4 j but not 22 Ad4
because of 22. . . 6| 22. . 6 j if
22. . . 6 then 2J5 | | 2J 2 and
White tetains the extta paWn. |
diagtaO
2I &2
n ovetsight , iediate1y 1osing
the gaOe in a position Whete
White stiII had gteat defensive
tesoutces . Iso bad Was 2I bJ be-
cause of 2I. . . 5 22 5 j if 22
2 then 22. . . 6 2J 5 xc4 ot
2J OJ e5 | 6 2J J e5 With ad-
vantage to 6Iack . bove aI it
Was necessaty fot hiO to eIiOin-
ate the 4 - 2I A b4, so as ,
aftet 2I .. . b4, to tepIy 22 bJ,
and then set about the a6 paWn.
oWevet , it is not so siOpIe to
find a cIeat Way to equaIise
aftet 2I A b4 6 | shatp vat-
iation is 22 J xc5 2J A c5 8
24 b4 8 25 f4, ot 22 5 xb5
2J b5 2+ 24 c2 b5 25 J
2 26 f4 f2 27 xa6 h6 28 I
h2 2 gI , favouting 6Iack .
oWevet , thete is anothet possib-
iIity - 22 5 xc4 2J AJ 6 24
&2 . 6Iack ' s positionaI advantage
is beyond doubt , but he has stiII
to deOonsttate that White is not
abIe to cteate sufficient count-
etpIay against the Weak a6 and c7
paWns . )
2I. . . 6 22 7
tobabIy White did not see the
opponent ' s tepIy . The consequen-
ces of the vatiation 22 5 b5
2J b5 axb5 24 8+ Of8 25 A b4
6 26 e4 6 ate obviousIy un-
favoutabIe fot hiO . )
22. . . 8 | |
tettibIy sttong sutptise Oove .
t tutns out that White has no
tiOe to defend the A4 since the
queen is in a ttap . )
2J A b4
Thete is no hope in 2J bJ 5 |
j but not 2J. . 8 24 wa8 wa8 25
A b4| . )
2J. . . xc4
NoW the bishop on b4 is undet
thteat , WhiIe the queen aWaits
its execution by the Oove 8. )
24 A5 a8 25 a8 wa8 26 J
j White ' s Iast hope - to catch the
took is fated to be not feas-
ibIe . |
26. . . O5+ 27 &2 7 0-I
White tesigned . 0n 28 J , thete
is an eIegant Oating finish by
28. . . O5+ 2 &4 5+ J0 4
OJ+ JI c5 O5 Oate . spIendid
exaOpIe of the cattying out of a
positionaI attack in a coOpIicat-
ed OiddIegaOe . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin )
and anov j | . |
62 Chigotin - 6utn
ienna I88)
tench 0efence
I e4 e6 2 2 7 J bJ d5 4 2
f6
dubious Oove . 4. . . Of6 is
205
bettet . )
5 J | dxe4
( 1teady fotced . White thteatened
6 exd5 . I f, hoWevet , 5. . -7 ,
then 6 e5 5 7 OfJ With advant-
age to White . 1so unfavoutab1e
fot 61ack is 5. . . d4 6 OI
fo11oWed by f4 and e5 . 5. . . c6
Wou1d be too passive . )
6 e4 O7 7 OfJ 6
( ina11y giving up the centte to
White Without a fight . e shou1d
p1ay 74 w 4 c5 With the idea of dev-
e1oping by . . . 6, 0-0, O5 etc . )
8 0-0-0 0-0 h4|
( t ust the tight OoOent , Chig-
otin begins an attack on

the
king ' s f1ank and , With his cust-
oOaty Oastety , sees it thtough to
the end , despite 6utn ' s exce11ent
defence . ftet the toutine Oove
d4 , the iOpottant attacking
diagona1 a1-h8 Wou1d be c1osed .
I f, hoWevet , g4, then cou1d
fo11oW 4 4 o O5 , and, aftet I0 g5
4cJ II dxcJ I I A cJ A cJ I2
dxcJ w7| I I W W M A g5+ I 2 Oxg5
g5+ IJ 1 5 and 61ack ,
though he finds hiOse1f undet
attack , has a sound extta paWn
With a siOp1ified position . NoW
on . . . O5, vety good Wou1d be I0
5 g6 I I f4 fo11oWed by h5 , and
i f I I . . . 4cJ, then I2 dxcJ . )
W W W Of5
( teventing the fotOation pointed
out in the ptevious note . I f noW
I0 5 , then apatt ftoO the tisky
10. . . g5 , possib1e is the siOp1e
206
tep1y I0W W W h6 . I f hoWevet W W W e5
so as to Oeet I0 5 With
. . . f5| then I0 g4 and the e5
paWn teOains Weak . )
I0 g4 O6
( 0f coutse , I0. . . Oxh4 cannot be
p1ayed because of II g5 . )
I I wJ b6 I2 g5 A7 IJ g2 Of5 I4
w4 7 I54O4
(61ack ' s deve1opOent is at a
standsti11 and it is difficu1t
fot hiO to find a good p1an of
defence against the iOOinent
White attack . 6ad, fot exaOp1e ,
i s I5. . d4 because o f I6 4d4
A g2 I7 Oxe6 etc . 6ut geneta1y
sttonget seeOs to be I5. . . 8 . )
I6 aJ 6 I7 d4 8 I8O5 |
( ftet the exchange of the White
squated bishops , 61ack Wi11 at
once inhetit soOe Weak squates . )
I8. . . g2 I g2 c5 20 d5 7 2I
6 | 96
( The on1y Oove , since White
thteatened 22 Oxe7 and 2J d6
I f , hoWevet , 2I .. . exd5 , then 22
Oxd5 Oxd5 2J d5 , thteatening
not on1y an invasion on the
d-fi1e but f5 and Oxe7+ . )
22 dxe6 f4
( 22. . . e6 is infetiot because of
2J e1 With a c1eat1y bettet
gaOe fot White , and aftet 22. .
fxe6 ot 22. . . Oxe6 , White Wins at
once by 2J xd6 . )
2J 1 fxe6
( I f 2J. . . 4e6 , then 24 O5 With
an ittesis b1e attack . 0t 2J. . .
e6 24 eJ 6 25 J 96 26
O4 | With the doubIe - decisive -
thteats of Oxd6 and h5. )
24 4 8 |
The best inditect defence o f the
f4. f 24. . . 6 , then not 25
xd6 because of siOpIy Oxd6 , but
25 h5 | foIIoWed by h6 , exposing
the position of the 6Iack king at
d tiOe When aII 6Iack ' s pieces
ate pataIysed . )
25 O5 | O4
26 g6 |
With this , Chigotin fotces a
decisive Weakening of the oppon-
ent ' s king s fIank . )
26. . . f5
0t 26M M W h6 27 Of7 . )
27 gxh7+ h7
27. . . 8 is no bettet , e. g. 28
OJ 6 2 O2 4e2 J0 e2 5
JI 4 With the thteats 6 , dgI
etc . )
28 4 8 2 h5 | e5 J0 h6 g6 JI
O2
The Weakness of the e5 squate in
conunction With the unfottunate
position of the 6Iack king on the
aJ-h8 diagonaI , tapidIy aIIoWs
White to decide the gaOe in his
favout . )
JI .. . 8
0t JI. . . 4e2 J2 e2 7 JJ 6
With a quick Win . )
J2 Oxf4 | f4
I f J2 4 4 exf4 , then JJ xd4| cxd4
J4 d4+ xd4 j J44 4 4 7 J5 f5|
J5 d4+ etc .)
JJ e5+ e5 J4 Oxe5 O7 J5 cJ
Oe6 J6 xd8 Oxd8 J7 J
ftet the invasion of the took ,
6Iack ' s position is hopeIess . )
J7 4 o Oe6
J7. . . f8 cannot be pIayed be-
cause of J8 7+ h6 J xd8
xd8 40 Of7+ . )
J8 d7+ h6 J 2I g5 40 f4
gxf4 4I 2 5 42 J &5 4J 46
a5 44 f7+ 4 45 O5+ OJ 46
e7 | 2 47 fJ b5 48 a4 c4+ 4
bxc4 bxa4 50 2 &2 5I c5 aJ 52
c6 a4 5J J J 54 2 2 55
6 J 56 Of8 I-0
beautifuI gaOe . Chigotin
cattied out the attack in ittep-
toachabIe styIe . )
Notes by anov . |
6J Chigotin - Cato
ienna I88)
ienna 0aObit
I e4 e5 2 4JOf6 J f4 d5 4 dJ
Chigotin tepeatedIy pIayed this
oId continuation tecoOOended by
Steinitz , but noWadays fat
sttonget is teckoned to be 4 fxe5
4e4 5 OfJ , ot 5 J . |
4 4 4 4
207
Choosing this defence is tanta-
Oount to aIteady agteeing to a
dtaW, as 6Iack can be fotced into
giving petpetuaI check j see note
to White ' s I2th Oove| . n the
gaOe, Steinitz-6Iackbutne , ienna
I882 , White obtained a vety fav-
outabIe position aftet 4. . . dxe4 5
fxe5 4 6 Oxe4 Oxe5 7 d4 . )
j Much sttonget is 4. . . exf4 5 Af4
4 6 exd5 6 e5 d4| ) 4d5 7 92
0-0 With the bettet gaOe fot
6Iack . |
5 fxe5 Oxe4 6 dxe4 4+ 7 2
AcJ 8 bxcJ g4+ OfJ dxe4 I0
4 | 5 II J AfJ I2 5+
6y taking the bishop , White
WouId fotce his opponent to give
petpetuaI check : I2M W W wI+ IJ 4
4+ etc . To avoid the dtaW,
Steinitz , in the 5th gaOe of his
Oatch With 6Iackbutne in I876 ,
pIayed I2 5+ and the gaOe con-
tinued I2. . . c6 IJ gxfJ cxb5 I4
e4 6+ I5 2 6 I6 4 6
I7 J b4 I8 Ab4 Oxb4 I b4
8 20 b b6 2I J 8 22 I
5 2J 4 6 24 h4 g5 25 e6
fxe6 26 4+ 7 27 a7+ d7 28
b6 and 6Iack tesigned on the
5Jtd Oove : the tWo paWns of
coutse guatantee White the Win . )
I2. . . c6 IJ gxfJ 6+
n the ienna I88 toutnaOent
book , Matco Wtites : "The usuaI
Oove is I J . . . cxb5 I4 e4 e4+
I5 &e4 O7 | j but not I5. . . 46
because of I6 I a6 I7 a4| | and
6Iack has the bettet gaOe" . oW-
208
evet , have nevet coOe up
against this continuation eithet
in Oatch ot toutnaOent pIay . n
the "andbuch" , 6iIguet gives
onIy one vatiation: I4 e4 e4+
I5 &e4 00 I6 a6 - Which , in
the editot ' s opinion, is aIso to
6Iack ' s advantage : hatdIy a
cottect evaIuation of the posit-
ion. The vatiation does not cIeat
up the iOpottant toIe Which, in
the ptacticaI gaOe , the epaWn
can pIay With suppott ftoO the
bishop, f-paWn and even the
king . )
I4 &e4 6+ I5 J cxb5 I6 J
46 I7 5 c2 I8 acI 5 I
eJ | 8
j This considet a Oistake . ftet
I. . . b4 | 20 cxb4 0-0 etc . , 6Iack
has the sIightIy bettet posit-
on. 6ogoIubov . |
20 b5 a6 2I OI | 5+ 22 f4 2
2J 96 J+ 24 4 f5+ 25 5
The exttaotdinaty position of
the king in the centte of the
boatd seeOs dangetous , but the
opponent does not have any Way of
pteventing this king ttaveIIing
back to his oWn caOp . )
j "When this teOatkabIe position
appeated on the boatd, a cettain
spectatot infotOed the toutnaOent
ditectot that White , instead of a
queen, had appatentIy pIaced a
king, and in pIace of a king - a
queen|" Matco in the toutnaOent
book |
25. . . 2+ 26 4 b5+ 27 J &J+
28 2 &2+ 2 J
( 6y pIaying 2. . . 5+ J0 4 |
6Iack WouId Oake a dtaW i f White
takes the knight j JI a5 c4 J2
4 7 JJ f5 7+ J4 a6
6+ | J5 5 8+ J6 b5 6+
etc . | , but With the defence JI
2 | 4+ J2 J f4 JJ OI , the
coutse of the gaOe is vittuaIIy
unchanged. If, fot exaOpIe ,
JJ. . . 4+ J4 2 4, then J5 WI
6 j othetWise e6| J6 &J ot 4 |
etc . )
J0 2 f4 JI 2 5 J2 I 4
JJ e6 | 46 J4 OI h5
( 6ettet of coutse WouId be J4. . .
8 , but aIso in this case ,
equaIIy as on J4. . . g6 , 6Iack can-
not get out of his ctaOped posit-
ion and WiII not be abIe to act-
ivate his king s took : fot ex-
aOpIe : J4. . . 8 J5 J, and if
J5 . . . 7 J6 d2 6 J74 etc . )
J5 l 7
( This does not ptevent White ftoO
taking the paWn. Oote intet-
esting ending WouId occut on the
defence J5W W N 8 J6 g7 4 J7
cg2 7 , then WouId foIIoW J8
xe7+ e7 J h5+ | h5 40 g8+
&8 4I xf8 Oate . )
J6 xg7 | I-0
( I f 6Iack takes the took , he is
Oated in thtee Ooves , and if he
tetteats his took to h8 - in tWo
Ooves . )
j Notes by Chigotin ( ) and 0tekov
j | . |
64 Chigotin - Steinitz
(ienna I88)
onziani
I e4 e5 2 fJ 46 J cJ d5 4 4
f6
( Though this Oove is consideted
Weaket than the gaObit Iine 4. . .
f6 5 xe5 6 6 c6 bxc6 7
c6+ 7 , it stiII gives 6Iack a
quite satisfactoty gaOe . )
5 5+ dxe4
(n ingenious , but nevettheIess
incottect paWn sactifice , based
on the tesuIting Weakened White
squates foIIoWing the exchange of
bishop fot knight . )
6 Ac6+ bxc6 7 c6+ 7 8 e4
e7
( This Oove hoIds up the deveIop-
Oent of the king ' s fIank fot a
ong tiOe , but , in tetutn, Ieads
to a coOpIicated doubIe-edged
gaOe . oWevet , aftet 8. . . 6 d4
ja genetaI putpose defensive-
attacking Oove | | f5 j ot . . . 7
I0 dxe5 A6 II 2 fxe5 I2 xe5
Ag2 IJ I | I0 2 e4 II $5 |,
White keeps the paWn With a good
20
gaOe . )
d4 c6 I0 2 e4
( ftet the teOpting I0. . . exd4 I I
cxd4 8 , thteatening I2. . . 5 ot
I2. . . f IJ fJ d4, White
aIso tetains the advantage in aII
vatiations , fot exaOpIe : I2 J
fJ IJ fJ d4 I4 0-0, ot I2
J g6 IJ 0-0 7 I4 I fJ I5
fJ j possibIe is aIso I5 gxfJ|
d4 I6 f4| )
I I Ofd2 5 I2 0-0 0-0-0 IJ I
f5 I4 fJ
( White Oust open up the gaOe as,
on passive continuations , 6Iack
couId obtain a sttong attack : fot
exaOpIe , I4 J 6 I5 OfI f4
foIIoWed by . . . 96 and f8. )
I4. . e
( I4. . . exfJ is unfavoutabIe fot
6Iack because of I5 OxfJ With the
thteat of 6+ and O5 .)
I5 fxe4 fxe4 I6 J |
( I f I6 4e4 then I6. . . Of5 I7
d2 O6 I8 Oxd6+ d6 I O6+
7 20 xe8+ xe8 2I &I I | and
6Iack Wins . )
I6. . . Of5
( 0t I6. . . 6 I7 OfI . I f I6. . . eJ ,
then I7 OfI Of5 I8 2 5 I
OfxeJ | )
I72 h5
( 6Iack ' s attificiaIIy cteated
attack begins to Oove into a cuI
de-sac and he cannot ptevent
White ftoO safeIy coOpIeting his
deveIopOent and setting about
teaIising his OatetiaI advantage .
ossibIy bettet Was I 74 e e 7 ,
Waiting fot his opponent ' s sttat-
egicaI pIan to unfoId . )
I8OfI 4 I f4 6
( I. . . g5 Was bettet . The Oove in
the gaOe gives Chigotin the
oppottunity to conduct one of his
devastating Iightning attacks . )
20 O6+ 8 2I OfeJ 6
( I f 2I .. . 7 , then 22 d5 | 4f4
j22. . .A d5 2J g6 | 2J dxc6 8
24 O5+ 8 25 O5 | With a ctush-
ing supetiotty fot White . )
22 c7+ | c7 2J d5 A d5 24
O5+ | O6
( fotced tepI y. If 24. . . 6 ,
then 25 O4+ , and if 24. . . 6 ,
then 25 Oxd5 d5 26 dI . )
25 d5 96 26 O4 Of4
( I f 26. . . a6 , then 27 &7+ and 28
O5 , ot siOpIy 27 4. )
27 5+ 7 28 &5+ 8 2 4d6
d6 J0 4 6
( 6ad is J0. . . O8 JI dI+ OJ J2
dJ+ | exdJ JJ dJ+ 7 J4 6+
7 J5 5+ and White Wins . )
JI f4 c4 J2 dI+ 8 JJ 4
5 J4 exe4
( The tesuIt of White ' s beauti-
2I0
fuIIy conducted attack is that he
has tWo extta paWns and this , in
conunction With the exposed pos-
ition of the 6Iack king, Ieaves
6Iack no chance , despite the
ttansition to a heavy piece end-
ing. )
J4. . . f8 J5 J e4 J6 e4 a5
J7 wJ &5 J8 hJ g5 J 4 7
40 5 7 4I 4+ 6 42 d5 6
4J 4 7 44 a5 I-0
Notes by anov . |
65 Chigotin - ShoWaItet
ienna I88)
tench 0efence
I e4 e6 2 2 46
0f the Oany good tepIies to 2
w2, the Oost expedient seeOs to
be 2. . . c5 and onIy then J. . . 46 . )
J 4J
n the finaI yeats of his chess
cateet , Chigotin pIayed hete the
Oote IogicaI J f4. )
J. . . A7 4 gJ d5 5 dJ Of6 6 $2
0- 7 OfJ d4 8 OI e5 0-0
Though Chigotin voIuntatiIy Went
in fot this position, 6Iack ' s
ptospects het

ate by no Oeans
Wotse . e has seized Oote space
in the centte , and it is aIso
easy fot hiO to Oanoeuvte . f noW
6Iack chooses the pIan, . . . O7
I0 OI 45 I I f4 exf4 I2 gxf4 f5 |
foIIoWed by . . . A6 , 7 and ae8 ,
then he WouId not have any diffi-
cuIties . NoWadays , a siOiIat pos-
ition With coIouts tevetsed|
quite often atises ftoO the fiO-
2II
tsev 0efence : I e4 d6 2 d4 g6 J
4J $7 4 OfJ Of6 5 A2 0-0 6 0-0
e5 7 d5 , the knight is bettet
pIaced on b8 than on d8 , WhiIe
7. . . w7 is by no Oeans a Oove
evetyone WouId choose to Oake .
tactice shoWs that the contin-
uation 8 O2 anaIogous to . . .
O7 | etc . favouts White. 6ut aII
this is knoWn onIy noW, and in
the ovetWheIOing Oaotity of
gaOes Chigotin succeeded in dev-
eIoping a paWn offensive - begin-
ning With f4-f5 and then aIso
g4-g5 . The Oove chosen by ShoW-
aItet cannot be caIed inaccut-
ate , it is siOpIy that the e8
squate is not vety good fot the
knight . )
. . . O8 I0OI f5 I I f4
ptogtaed Oove . 0f coutse it
WouId be unustified gteed to Win
a paWn by II exf5 f5 I2 c6
bxc6 IJ e5 . 6Iak WouId quite
quickIy bting into pIay aII his
pieces and obtain a Oenacing in-
itiative , fot exaOpIe, IJ. . . 7
I4 2 9f6 I 5w2 O6 foIIoWed by
. . . e8 . )
I I . . . fxe4
6ut this aIteady is an inaccut-
acy . White obtains the possibiI-
ity of ttansfetting the knight
ftoO eI to dJ Without pattition-
ing off the f-fiIe. e shouId ex-
change the othet pait of paWns -
l. . . exf4 | Then, on I2 f4, the
captute I2. . fxe4 WouId be fuIIy
ustified , since White is fotced
to choose betWeen vo1untari1y
iso1ating his paWn, after IJ
dxe4, and 1osing the initiative ,
after IJ e4 Of6 I4 2 O5 | I5
92 f+ I6 f A6 I7OfJ 7
In the event of I2 gxf4 , 61ack
cou1d reinforce the f5 paWn With
the Oove I2. . . g6 and then regroup
his forces : 7 , A6 , 7 and
e8 . )
I2 dxe4 A6 IJOJ 96 I4 f5 9f7
( 61ack shou1d Oove the bishop to
c4 and, after . . . O4, exchange on
dJ , in order to 1iOit the Oobi1-
ity of the g2 . )
I 5O f2 Of6
( I f 61ack Wants to set up a
b1ockade, then it Wou1d be better
to begin With the Oove I5. . . A7 . )
I6 g4 h6 I7 g5 |
( White changes his p1an of attack
]ust in tiOe . 0n I7 h4, 61ack has
tiOe to dig hiOse1f in, by re-
treating the knight to h7 and
then the bishop to e7 . )
I7. . . hxg5 I8 g5 5 I 9fJ fJ
20 fJ &7
( The exchange of the White
squared bishops is ob]ective1y in
White ' s favour , but , by under-
taking this, hoWa1ter intends
the teOpting p1an of evacuating
the king and occupying the
h-fi1e . )
2I 4 8 22 f2 8
diagraO
2J f6
2I2
( White Wou1d have a good position
a1so in the event of 2J 2 4g4
24 xg4, but Chigorin Works out
an interesting p1an: With the
he1p of his rook and tWo knights
he constructs an iOpregnab1e def-
ence for his king, Whi1e his
queen, supported by the other
rook, penetrates the eneOy caOp
on the a2-g8 diagona1 . )
2J. . . gxf6 24 2 7 25 Of2
( With the bui1ding of a fortress ,
61ack ' s battery on the h-fi1e
WiI be ineffective - and Oean-
Whi1e OJ+ is threatened . )
25. . . 5 26 J |
(11 White ' s further operations
have one aiO - to break through
With the queen on e6 . )
26. . . a6
( 0n 26. . . c5 , 61ack apparent1y
feared the rep1y 27 5 b6 28
7+ . )
27 cJ
( Not so c1ear Was the teOpting 27
b4 , because of 27. . . b4 28 4f6
f6 2 4+ &7 J0 4e5 J. )
27. . . c5 28 b4 cxb4
( With the counter-sacrifice,
28. . . c4 2 I b5 J0 bxa5 5 JI
cxd4 Ad4, 6lack cou1d on1y stir
up troub1e, but not save the
gaOe : J2 I 8 JJ I etc . )
2 cxb4 Ab4 J0 ab1
( t this point , the coObination
JI xf6 &f6 J2 4+ &7 JJ xe5
does not proOise Ouch . )
J0. . . A7 JI 2|
( NoW White breaks through to d7 ,
either via a4 or c7 . )
JI . . b5
( fter JI .. . c8 J2 4 b6 | JJ
O7 6, siOp1y J4 OJ is decis-
ive , since there is no defence
against J5 xe5+ . )
J2 7 4 JJ O7 |
( White ' s attack becoOes irresist-
ble . 61ack has to defend against
nuOerous threats - J4 xf6, J4
5+ J4 w6+.)
JJ. . . 8 J4 6 | d8 J5 xf6
( The first breach in 61ack ' s def-
ence . )
J5. . . 4 J6 g4 J
( desperate atteOpt at counter-
attack , Which Chigorin Oeets With
a bri1liant coObination. 61ack
cou1d have Oade his opponent ' s
task Oore difficu1t by continuing
J6. . . dJ . )
J7 O7+ | d7 J8 d7 xg4
( 0n J8. . . g2 the invasion of
the White rook is 1ikeWise dec-
isive : J f6| Af6 40 1 etc . )
J I 6 40 c8+ 7 4I f6+ |
&f6 42 5+ 7 4J xg4+ I-
( Chigorin exp1oited the possibi1-
ities of his favourite opening
scheOe splendid1y . high1y in-
structive creation of an iOpreg-
nab1e fortress , to she1ter the
king , and a fine queen Oan-
oeuvre . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin. |
66 1bin - Chigorin
( Co1ogne I88)
Ita1ian 0aOe
1 e4 e5 2 fJ 6 J 4 5 4 cJ
f6 5 b4
( This idea of attacking With the
paWns on the queen's f1ank does
not bring the desired initiative .
Theory right1y considers as
strongest the continuation 5 d4 . )
5. . . 6 6 a4 a6 7 a5 97 8 dJ d6
J w7
( Chigorin deviates slightly froO
the variation he p1ayed in his
gaOe With the saOe 1bin at the
6udapest tournaOent tWo years
ear1ier: . . . 0-0 I0 AJ AeJ I I
fxeJ w7 I 2 d2 A6 With an
equa1 gaOe.)
I0 0-0 0-0 II AJ
( n unfortunate Oove as is shoWn
by Chigorin' s knight Oanoeuvre
fo11oWing the exchange of
bishops . The dee1opOent of the
bishop to g5 Was preferab1e .
fter I I g5 h6 I 2 AJ AeJ IJ
fxeJ4 I4 1 8 I5 hJ , the h6
square has been taken aWay froO
61ack ' s knight by his oWn paWn. )
I I . . . AeJ I2 fxeJ 4 |
( The beginning of an attack on
2IJ
the king ' s f1ank . 61ack c1ears
the Way for the advance of the
f-paWn, Whi1e forcing the White
rook to Oove to an inferior pos-
ition . )
IJ I 8 I4 hJ 6 I5 Od2 f5
I6 exf5 Af5 I7 e4
( critica1 decision, since 61ack
noW has at his disposa1 the beau-
tifu1 strong point on f4. More
advisab1e Wou1d be I7 fI , though
adOitted1y in this case 61ack
Wou1d rep1y I7. . . 8 fo11oWed by
W M M c6 and d5 , driving hoOe his
paWn preponderance . The initiat-
ive 1ies With 61ack , Who at once
begins operations on the open
ffi1e . )
I7. . . 7 I8 f1 f4 I aeI af8
20 d4 &6 |
( The heavy 61ack pieces on the
f-fi1e 1ook iOpressive . 0n 2I gJ
Chigorin probab1y had in Oind the
variation 2I. . . AhJ | 22 gxf4 wf4
2J I 4 fo11oWed by 24. . . J ,
or 2J 2 wd2+ . )
2I d5 8 22 2 g5 |
( Threatening to expose the White
king by advancing the paWn. White
has nothing 1eft but to attack
the 61ack rook . )
2J gJ
( 0n this fo11oWs a spectacu1ar
and accurate1y ca1cu1ated Chig-
orin coObination. )
diagraO
2J. . . AhJ || 24 &hJ
2I4
( 0n 24 gxf4 there fo11oWs , as in-
dicated by Chigorin, 24. . . AfI 25
xf1 wf4+ With a very strong
attack , for exaOp1e , 26 I 4
27 A2 f6 setting up Oating
threats . )
24. . . g4+ 25 2 gxfJ 26 OxfJ
( There is no defence . 0f course ,
after 26 gxf4 , White Wou1d be
Oated by 26. . . O4+ . )
26. . . xfJ 27 xfJ wfJ 28 J
f7 2 I 5+ J0 4 f4+ |
( It seeOs that Chigorin is Weary
of the hope1ess resistance of his
opponent and he conc1udes the
gaOe With a 1itt1e coObination. )
JI gxf4 wf4+ 0-I
( White resigns , since after J2
5 , OfJ is decisive . n ener-
getic attack by Chigorin. )
j Notes by ys1ov . |
67 Chigorin - hoWa1ter
(Co1ogne I88 )
rench 0efence
I e4 e6 2 2 46 J 4J A7 4 gJ
d5 5 dJ Of6 6 $2 0-0 7 J
( This idea is probab1y not quite
]ustified in the present gaOe .
Chigorin deve1oped his pieces the
saOe Way in the 8th Match 0aOe
against Tarrasch , Who hoWever
defended different1y froO hoW-
a1ter . In that gaOe, Chigorin
bo1d1y transferred the knight via
f4 to d5 and drove hoOe his ad-
vantage , here , hoWever, Chigorin
does not Oanage to so1ve the pro-
b1eO of his king ' s knight so suc-
cessfu11y . )
7. . . 4 8 1 dxe4 dxe4
( It seeOs that Chigorin Wants to
avoid the exchange of his knight ,
but it Wou1d be better to p1ay
Oxe4 so as to then be ab1e to
attack the knight on d4 With cJ.
NoW White runs into soOe diffi-
cu1ties . )
e e e e5 |
( hoWa1ter p1ays the opening We11
and noW threatens I0 . . $4 j I I
fJ? OfJ+||W )
I0 0-0 $4 I I fJ A6 I2 Of2 A4
IJ &I 4
( Though he a1ready threatens
4 e 4 AcJ+ fo11oWed byO2+ Winning
at 1east a paWn, the position of
this bishop on b4 is not partic-
u1ar1y secure . Oore accurate
p1an Wou1d be IJ. . c6 fo11oWed by
7 and a transfer of the rook to
the d-fi1e . )
I4 92 6
( nd noW he shou1d probab1y p1ay
I4. . w7 and then . . . d8 . )
I5 aJ AcJ
( I5e e 4 95 Was better as White
2I5
cannot p1ay I6 O5 because of
I6. . . 4fJ+ . fter this exchange ,
the tension is re1ieved to
White ' s advantage . It seeOs that
hoWa1ter thought he Wou1d noW
Win a paWn, as is seen by his
next Oove )
I6 bxcJO5?
( 61ack p1ays for the Win of the
cJ paWn, assuOing that after the
fo11oWing rook Oove to d8 he
Wou1d force White to renounce its
defence . 6y p1aying siOp1y I6. . .
O6 j a1so good is I6. . . 46| , and
if I7 AJ then I7. . . O6 fo11oWed
by . . . d8 , 61ack cou1d sti11
fight for the initiative . Chig-
orin Oeets the Oerican' s soOe-
What over-confident p1ay With a
deep , We11-disguised idea. )
I7 a4 |
( With this Oove begins a ten Oove
chase of the 61ack knight , Which
Chigorin carries out very ski1-
fu11y . )
I7. . . fd8 I8 AJOxcJ
( nsuspecting1y tasting the for-
bidden fruit | It Was sti11 not
too 1ate to change his Oind by
p1aying I8. . . d1 and then 6 .
oWever , Chigorin' s p1an is so
deep that not every Oaster Wou1d
have the poWer to detect it . )
I d6 xd6 20J | AdJ 2I cxdJ
7
( It is not easy for 61ack to
rescue his knight , Which has 1ost
its Way in broad day1ight . Never-
the1ess 2I4 4 4 6 Was possib1e. I f
22 a5 then 22. . . O5 , but after 2J
bI Od6 24 I Ofe8 25 f1 ,
White , threatening d4 Winning
back the paWn With a fine posit-
ion j 254 4 4 6 26 xc6 bxc6 27
I|, has an exce11ent gaOe . 0f
course , 2I . . . dJ 22 f1 6 2J
c1 6 24 J or 24 2 Wou1d
1ose the knight . )
22 fJ |
( NoW 2J cI is threatened and on
22. . . 6 Wou1d fo11oW 2J 2 Oxa4
24 d4. )
22. . O6?
( 6ut this a1read is the undoing
of the knight . Necessary Was
22. . . b5 | and 61ack can sti11 put
up resistance , though aitted1y
after 2J axb5 4b5 24 bI ,
White ' s tWo bishops and the brok-
en paWns on 61ack ' s queen' s
f1ank , give White good chances . )
2J a5 | Oa4 24 cI b5
( NoW this no 1onger he1ps . 244 o o
6 a1so fai1s to 25 and then
J . )
25 axb6 cxb6 26 2 b5
( I f 26. . . 6 or 26. . . 8 , then 27
xa4. )
27 AcJ 6 28 Ae5
( nd 61ack resigned after a feW
Ooves . )
I-0
( high1y interesting gaOe | )
j Notes by HoOanovsky . |
68 ee - Chigorin
(ondon I8)
ueen' s aWn
I d4 d5 2 eJ Of6 J J 46
( characeristic dep1oyOent of
this knight for Chigorin in the
ueen ' s aWn 0pening. 61ack
threatens 4. . . e5 , obtaining a
free gaOe . )
4 f4 e6
( In a gaOe against Tarrasch,
p1ayed at astings in I85 , Chig
orin continued 44 o 4 O4 5 OfJ
OxdJ+ 6 cxdJ e6 and achieved an
exce11ent position. 0bvious1y, in
the present gaOe , Chigorin Wanted
to try a neW Oove avoiding siOp-
1ification. )
5 aJ 6 6 OfJ 0-0 7 4J
( White interprets the position
superficia11y . 0eserving attent-
ion Was the deve1opOent of the
knight on d2 and the fianchetto
of the bishop on b2 . This p1an is
Oore in accordance With the
spirit of the systeO chosen by
White . )
74 e o b6 8 O5 7 J 7 I0 J
f5
( fter this, White ' s attacking
pieces coOe up against a "tone-
2I6
a11" . No, on the on1y attacking
continuation, I I g4, Chigorin
probab1y had in Oind the inter-
esting coObinative b1o II. . . Ae5
I2 fxe5 4xe5 IJ dxe5 4e5 ith
very great coOp1ications, for ex-
aOp1e , I4 gxf5 4dJ+ I5 cxdJ d4
I64 exf5 or I4 0-0 4g4 I5 2
d4| ith an irresistb1e attack
for 61ack . nd on other rep1ies,
by obtaining for the piece thtee
pans and a strong pan centre,
61ack can begin a dangerous off-
ensive . It is a characteristic of
Chigorin ' s creative ork that he
as ab1e to penetrate deep1y into
the hidden secrets of a position
and had aOazing ski11 in conduct-
ing an active defence . )
I I xd7
( White senses the dangerous in-
tentions of his forOidab1e
opponent , but does not choose the
best continuation. It as strong-
er to take the other knight .
fter I I 4c6 Ac6 I2 g4, 61ack
cannot do ithout the Oove I2. . .
g6, eakening his position, as
after I2. . . 6 , White ou1d have
at his disposa1 the knight Oan-
oeuve 2-gJ. fter forcing
I2. . . g6, White advances his pan
to g5 and prepares to attack ith
his hpan. In this case, a sharp
strugg1e cou1d arise , ith
chances for both sides . fter the
Oove in the gaOe , White ' s attack
1oses its poer and the initiat-
ive passes to 61ack . )
2I7
II4 4 e d7 I2 g47 1J 2 a5 |
( Chigorin conducts the positiona1
strugg1e beautifu11y. With the
text Oove he prepares the ex-
change of the hite squared
bishops . It is interesting to
note that noadays an ana1ogous
Oanoeuvre is considered the best
recipe against the "tonea11" in
the 0utch 0efence .
I f it is frequent1y said - and
right1y so - that in the fie1d of
opening theory Chigorin 1eft a
richer 1egacy than anybody , then
one shou1d Oention that of no
1ess iOportance ere Chigorin' s
iovations in the Oidd1egaOe,
here he a1so introduced Oany
ideas hich ere ne for his
tiOe . or anyone striving for
iOproveOent in chess , a serious
study of the creative ork of
Chigorin ou1d be particu1ary
beneficia1 | )
I4J
( e shou1d avoid the exchange of
bishops by Oeans of I4 cJ , though
aitted1y , after I4 cJ b5 I5 2
b4 | I6 axb4 axb4, 61ack opens
1ines for attack on the queens
f1ank . )
I4. . . 6 I5 gxf5 exf5 I6 Aa6
xa6
( No e can Oake an assessOent .
White is 1eft ith the "bad"
bishop and an iOOobi1e backard
pan on eJ . Without doubt an ad-
vantage for 61ack is no taking
shape . It is interesting to ob-
serve hoW systeOatica11y Chigorin
exp1oits the advantage of his
position. )
I7 0-0 f6 I8 f2 8 I 2 8
20 I
( The on1y chance for White is to
deve1op an initiative on the
g-fi1e , but 61ack Without diffi-
cu1ty carries out the necessary
counter-action by a siOi1ar p1an
of regrouping his pieces . )
20. . 8
( 0n1y here is it possib1e to not-
ice that Chigorin does not p1ay
in the strongest Way . e shou1d
at first p1ay 20. . . 6 2I &I
6 . The g8 square ought to be
1eft free for the itinerary of
the O7 via g8-f6 to e4. )
2I 1 6 22 &I 6 2J J f8
24 fg2 J 25 O2 6 |
( 61ack increases the activity of
his heavy pieces . NoW it on1y
reOains for hiO to transfer the
knight to e4 or g4, in order to
increase the positiona1 pressure .
White finds the best defence ,
freeing the g1 square for the
knight . )
6 f1 8 27 I 5 28 OfJ Of6
2 O5
( This eases 61ack ' s task , White ' s
p1an a11oWs the exchange of the
bishop for the opponent ' s knight ,
after Which 61ack ' s knight takes
up an unassai1ab1e position in
the centre . Oore coOp1icated
gaOe arises after 2 5 4 J0
2 6 , though in this case a1so
2I8
61ack Wou1d in the end rea1ise
his advantage . )
2. . . O4 J0 AI J JI 2 c5 J2
fg1 Ae5 JJ dxe5 g8 J4 cJ 6 |
( HeOarkab1e - a true Chigorin
Oove | t the heart of it 1ies a
beautifu1 strategica1 idea : the
queen transfers to a diagona1
Which is dangerous for White -
and on Which stands his king.
Chigorin not on1y prepares the
beautifu1 coObination J5 . . d4 J6
cxd4 xh2+ | | but a1so sets a
fine , disguised trap. White ' s
best defence Was J5 fI , a1though
the variation J5. . . 8 J6 fJ
xfJ J7 fJ d4 J8 exd4 cxd4 J
d2 dJ | does not give hiO Ouch
hope . In 1ooking for a Way out ,
White hiOse1f decides to Oake a
cbination, but by doing so he
fa11s into Chigorin' s carefu11y
prepared trap. )
J xg7
( White counts on Winning back the
rook by his J7th Oove , but he
does not foresee 61ack ' s rep1y . )
J5. . . xg7 J6 xg7 g7 J7 2+
J+ | |
( spectacu1ar Oove Which refutes
White ' s coObination| NoW 61ack
reOains the exchange ahead and
the gaOe is decided . )
J8 gJ 6 J 4+ 6 40 f6+
4I J &6 42 c4 b5 | 4J bJ
bxc4 | 44 bxc4 O7 45 h4 OI+ 0-I
( With the exception of the in-
accuracy on the 20th Oove , Chig-
orin hand1ed the gaOe very fine-
1y )
j Notes by Oys1ov . |
6 Maroczy - Chigorin
(ondon I)
I c4 Of6 2 d4 e6 J 4J d5 4 OfJ
c6 5 eJ Od7 6 J 6 7 00 0-0
8 e4 dxc4 c4 e5
( This opening Was discussed in
the notes to the gaOe anoWski-
Chigorin, 6udapest I86 . We Wou1d
reOind you that Oodern theory
considers the best continuation
to be II &I , though a1so poss-
ib1e are both II hJ and even II
d5 as anoWski p1ayed. Maroczy,
Wishing to reOove the tension i n
the centre, Oakes a perhaps too
crafty p phy1actic Oove . )
I0 g5 W7 II 1 | ? 8
( Chigorin creates threats on the
d-fi1e , a1though another no 1ess
effective p1an Wou1d be to in-
crease the pressure on the e4
paWn, beginning With I I . . . &8 . )
I2 2
( NoW the point of the Oove II I
becoOes c1ear . fter the natura1
exchange I2. . . exd4 IJ Oxd4, White
2I
threatens f4 , since there is no
pin froO the c5 square . It is not
possib1e to Win a paWn by IJ. . .
h2? I4 Of5 | or IJ. . . O6 I4 J
h2 I5 OfJ | A5 j I5. . . A7 I6 e5 |
e5 I7 e1 Od7 I8 4e5 4e5 I
f4 xdJ 20 dJ| I64e5 e5 I7
f4 O4 I8 A2 With dangerous
threats . )
I2. . . h6 |
( Oove Which is usefu1 in a11
respects . 1ack not on1y Oakes a
f1ight square for his king, but
a1so creates threats to the h2
paWn . The point is that , after IJ
4 exd4 I4 Oxd4 O6 I5 J j or
I5 J| h2 I6 OfJ A5 I7 4e5
e5 , I8 f4 a1oWs the strong
rep1y I8. . . O5 | , and I8 2 is
parried by the siOp1e I8. . . &8 .
I f White , on the I5th Oove , re-
treats his bishop to e2 , then
the covering up of the e-fi1e
a1so Oakes possib1e the variat-
ion I5. . . h2 I6 OfJ A7 I7 e5
e5
There is no coOfortab1e retreat
of the g5 a1ong the h6-cI dia-
gona1 j IJ AJ 4 | and so he has
to exchange the active bishop ,
ridding 61ack of the pin. )
IJ f6 f6 I4 dxe5
( 0nce again, a natura1 Oove con-
cea1s a cunning idea . 6ut is it
the best in the present posit-
ion? pparent1y yes . ctua11y ,
c1osing the centre by I4 d5 O6
I5 J is unfavourab1e because
of I5. . . g4 fo11oWed by . . . c8 ,
Whi1e retaining the tension by
I4 dI is risky for White after
the exchange of the 5 since,
With the Oove I4. . . &8, 6Jack
firO1y reinforces the e5 square
and threatens to seize the init-
iative With the Oanoeuvre . . . 6
and 4. )
I4. . . Ae5 |
( p1endid . Maroczy probab1y hoped
for the natura1 I4. . . 4e5 I5 Oxe5
Ae5 , Which Wou1d a11oW hiO to
sharpen the conf1ict by a paWn
sacrifice : I6 f4 | Af4 I7 gJ d2
I8 wd2| j I8 J xh2+ | | Ad2 I
f6 gxf6 20 I AcJ 2I d8+ or
I6. . . AcJ I7 e5 | Chigorin finds a
stronger p1an and takes the init-
iative . )
I5 dI
( Capturing on e5 is dangerous
since , after I5 4e5 4e5 , 61ack
is the first to create threats
I6 J OfJ| I7 d1 J| | or I6
A2 f4 I7 gJ 6 | I8 f4 4. )
I5. . . &8
( Chigorin ca1O1y Ooves aWay the
rook, thereby e1iOinating the
threats connected With the d-
fi1e. 0n I5. . . A7 , White "coOes
to 1ife" after I6 J, With the
unexpected threat of I7 O5 . )
I6 A2?
( White begins to think about def-
ence too soon, and once and for
a11 cedes the initiative . s be-
fore , it is dangerous to take the
bishop I6 4e5 4e5 I7 A2 4
I8 hJ j I8 gJ 6 | O4 | When the
White king finds itse1f under
attack . 6ut it Was necessary to
retreat to bJ - I6 J - since
dangerous is I6. . . A7 I7 O5 |
cxd5 I8 wc7 dxe4, because of I
6 7 20 I , and it is diffi-
cu1t for 61ack to unrave1 his
pieces . oWever , by Oeans of
I6. . . AcJ | I7 bxcJ 45 I8 e5
5 | , 61ack Wou1d sti11 retain
the better chances in vieW of the
Weakness of the cJ and e5 paWns
and the strong position of the
45 . )
I 6. . . A7 |
( With the bishop p1aced on e2,
the b1oW I7 O5 does not have its
forOer strength - I7 O5 cxd5 I8
wc7 dxe4 I d6 exfJ | 20 xf6
fxe2 2I &I Oxf6, and 61ack ' s ad-
vantage is sufficient for vict-
ory . )
I7OI O5 I8 f4 4 I Ag4
( necessary exchange. 0n I e5
Wou1d fo11oW I. . .7 and the
threats of 20. . . OJ and 4h2
force the exchange 20 Ag4 With
an inferior position for White
due to his Weak White squares and
220
ossified paWns . )
I. . . g4
( nd so at the cost of the advan-
tage of the tWo bishops , White
obtains, as it Were , soOe sort of
p1ay in the centre . 6y the saOe
token, his position has not iO-
proved at a11 . The e4 and f4
paWns Oay 1ook beautifu1 , but any
Oove - e5 or f5 - Wi11 parayse
theO. orcing these paWns to Oove
- it is precise1y this Which is
61ack ' s basic prob1eO, and Chig-
orin easi1y so1ves it . )
20 J d8
( or the present , the rook on dJ
is the Oost active White piece
and its exchange increases
61ack ' s attacking potentia1 )
2I &2 xdJ 22 OxdJ d8
( 61ack seizes the d-fi1e. The OJ
has no coOfortab1e square for
retreat - on 2J 5 , strong is
2J. . . 8 )
2J J A6 |
( NoW Oateria1 1oss for White is
inevitab1e in vieW of the terr-
ib1e threat of . A6-c4. 24
5 , decisive is 24. . . 4 25 fJ
wcJ | In desperation White tries
to exchange even if it is on1y
one bishop , but at too high a
price . )
24 e5 &5 25 5
( White Wou1d a1so not suffer for
very 1ong after 25 Of2 4| 26
O2 2 )
25. . e5 26 Oxe6 fxe6
( The gaOe is over . 61ack s extra
22I
paWn and overWhe1Oing positiona1
advantage Oakes resistance use-
1ess )
27 wJ cJ 28 bxcJ
( I f 28 wcJ, then 28. . wf4 | )
28 . . b6 2 hJ J J0 w2 xcJ JI
O6 5 | J2 I 2 JJ fJ I+
0-I
( In this gaOe , Chigorin shoWed
hiOse1f as an exceptiona11y fine
strategist and his p1ay With the
tWo bishops , Which With on1y five
Ooves coOp1ete1y tore White s
position to pieces, is a c1assic
Oode1 . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin. |
70 Chigorin - teinitz
(ondon I8)
onziani
I e4 e5 2 OfJ 6 J cJ
( NoWadays this opening does not
en]oy great popu1arity , since
practice shoWs that White does
not succeed in bui1ding up a paWn
centre )
J. . . d5 4 O4 dxe4
( More proOising here is consider-
ed to be the sacrifice of a paWn
for the sake of a very quick dev-
e1opOent : 4 . . Of6 5 4e5 96 ,
With the saOp1e variation 6 4c6
bxc6 7 dJ 0-0 8 A2 8 5 h6
I0 f6 wf6 . )
5 Oxe5 5 6 Oxc6 bxc6 7 4 7
(pparent1y the best square for
the queen. 0n 7. . . 6 cou1d
fo11oW 8 0-0 Of6 dJ exdJ I0
and White Wou1d Win an iO-
portant teOpo for his deve1opOent
j I0. . . f4 is not possib1e be
cause of II Af7+ | . )
8 0-0 Of6 8 dJ| exdJ I0 dI
( It is too ear1y to deterOine the
position of the rook . More accur
ate Wou1d be at once I0 AdJ, in
order after I0. . . 96 to have the
choice betWeen II dI and I I
eI+ . )
I0. . . 96 I I AdJ 0-0 I2 hJ
( usefu1 Oove , taking aWay the
g4 square froO the 61ack knight .
White has obtained a positiona1
advantage froO the opening . 61ack
has Weak c-paWns , his queen is
bad1y p1aced, and, in addition,
the transfer of the White queen
to h4 and the bishop to g5 cou1d
give White a dangerous attack . )
I2. . . 6 |
( c1ever defensive resource .
61ack not on1y indirect1y con
tinues to defend the c6 paWn, but
a1so Wants to outstrip his oppon
ent in attack by transferring the
queen to e5 .)
IJ 9f4
( The other bui1d-up a1so deserves
attention: IJ O2 7 I4 44 c5
I5 2 )
IJ. . . 8 I4 Ad6 cxd6 I5 O2 | O5
I6 4 f5
( 61ack ' s idea is c1ear - to re
Oove the threat to the h7 paWn
and provide an outpost for the
knight on e4 , hoWever , its great
draWback is perfect1y obvious -
the Weakening of the a2-g8 dia-
222
gona1 . MeanWhi1e teinitz cou1d
have bui1t up a strong defensive
position With the siOp1e Oan-
oeuvre I6. . . h6 | I7OJ 5 I8 I
4| or I7 I 6 I8 f6 4f6
I OJ A6 . )
I7OJ|
( The first consequence of the
i11advised I6. . . f5 - the 61ack
knight 1oses its footho1d in the
centre . I8 O4 fo11oWed by Oxc6
is threatened , and, on I7. . . c5 ,
Wou1d fo11oW I8 4 7 I I
7 20 e7 etc . 1so no better is
I7. . . 8 , for exaOp1e : I8 O4 6
j I 8. . . 7 I Af5 | I f6 xf6
20 Oxc6 xb2 2I dbI bI 22 xbI
and then 8 With a Winning end
gaOe . The knight has to retreat . )
I7. . . Of6 I8O4 7 I bJ d5
( eeing that Oateria1 1oss is un
avoidab1e , teinitz in desperat-
ion tries to conso1idate his
knight on the e4 square . )
20 Oxc6 6 2I O4
( The outcoOe of the strugg1e is
c1ear and the p1an chosen by
Chigorin to rea1ise a huge posit-
iona1 advantage , is far froO be-
ing the on1y Way of p1aying.
White cou1d a1so occupy the
centre by Oeans of 2I O5 7 22
O4 8 2J f4. Chigorin, hoWever ,
Wants to 1eave the e-fi1e for his
rook . )
2I. . . O4 22 fJ 6 2J 4
( 61ack has too Oany Weaknesses .
rea1ising that 2J. . . 6 24 w5 |
xcJ 25 J | is bad for hiO,
teinitz endeavours to open the
king position and coOp1icate the
gaOe . )
2J. . . g5 24 1 7 25 fxe4 dxe4
( Taking With the other paWn Wou1d
be Oore 1ogica1 j not a11oWing
White to Oove aWay With his
bishop With teOpo| , but a1so bad:
25. . . fxe4 26 A2 g4 27 g4 g4
28 hxg4 g6 2 f etc . )
26 4+ 8 27 wJ 8 28 2 f4
2 e4 | I-0
( Chigorin conducted the position-
a1 strugg1e in fine sty1e . This
Was his 1ast gaOe With teinitz . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin. |
7I Chigorin - ch1echter
(ondon I8)
King ' s 0aObit ccepted
I e4 e5 2 f4 exf4 J 4 f6
( robab1y the on1y serious anti-
dote to J 4 . 6y exp1oiting the
position of the bishop on c4,
61ack is ab1e to carry out the
advance . . . d5, even in rep1y to
e5 . It is precise1y because of
the Oove J. . . f6 that the attack
22J
With J 4 1ost its popu1arity . )
4 J
( The Oost usefu1 Oove for the
strugg1e in the centre , and a1so
prOari1y for contro1 over the
d5 square. )
4o o o 6
( natura1 Oove , but not the
best , after Which 61ack gets into
difficu1ties . Most conteOporary
chessp1ayers , having 1earned froO
the experience of the previous
generation, Wou1d p1ay here 4. . .
c6 and then 5. . . d5 , for exaOp1e 5
e5 d5 | 6 exf6 dxc4 7 fxg7 g7 ,
or 5 w2 d5 | 6 exd5+ A7 7 dxc6
xc6 . )
5 fJ 4 6 -0
( n iOOediate 6 5 is considered
a better p1an of attack , With the
idea , after 6. . . 0-0 7 0-0, to
offer a sacrifice of the e4 paWn.
oWever , after 6. . . 95 7 0-0 d6 ,
it Wou1d on1y 1ead to a siOp1e
transposition of Ooves . )
6o o o 0-0 7 e5
( n active but at the saOe tiOe
coOOitta1 Oove , a11oWing the
opponent to create tension in the
centre . Theory recoOOends 7 5 . )
7o o 4 4 |
( 61ack cou1d sti11 rep1y With the
counterattack 7. . . d5 , but he pre-
fers to set up an attack on the
e5 paWn. )
8 d4
( In siOi1ar positions of the
King' s 0aObit , White usua11y goes
for the exchange of the after
. . . OJ , hoping to exp1oit the
opening of the f-fi1e. )
84 . . d6 | hJ
( With a We11-tiOed b1oW in the
centre , 61ack has Oanaged to ob-
tain counterp1ay, and White Oust
p1ay accurate1y . Thus, on Af4,
Wou1d fo11oW W W W dxe5 I 0Oxe5 j I0
dxe5? 5+ and I I . . . Of2+ | I0. . .
xe5 I I Ae5 OJ I2 xf7 xf7 IJ
Af7+ With equa1ity , and, on
5 , 61ack has the p1easant
choice betWeen . = .dxe5 and . .
A6 . ina11y , after exd6 Ad6 ,
61ack is 1eft With an extra paWn
and, in addition, a harOonious
deve1opOent . Chigorin spends tiOe
getting rid of the unp1easant
knight on g4. Though the Worry
over the centre diOinishes , the
f-fi1e gives White soOe attacking
chances on the f7 square. )
. . = OJ I0 AeJ fxeJ I I 5 5?
( serious Oistake at a critica1
OoOent . 61ack cou1d have advant-
ageous1y pinned the active knight
on d5 With the Oove II. . . A6 |,
Which Sch1echter in fact p1ayed
four years 1ater in a gaOe
against Maroczy I2 OxeJ dxe5 | IJ
d5 5 | etc . Instead of this,
61ack 1oses an iOportant teOpo
and a1so shuts the bishop on b4
out of the gaOe . White not on1y
e1iOinates a11 his difficu1ties,
but a1so seizes the initiative. )
I2 exd6 |
( 61ack cannot ho1d on to the eJ
paWn since I2. = .8 Wou1d cata-
strophica11y Weaken the f7 square
and I2. . . cxd6 Wou1d 1ead to a
c1ear positiona1 advantage for
White after IJ OxeJ . )
I2M W d6 IJ5|
( White is in no hurry to Win back
the paWn and at once creates ser-
ious threats - I4 OJ , I4O4 . )
IJ W M 6
( 0n I J . . 4d4, decisive is I4
OJ . 6y defending the b1-h7 dia-
gona1 and a1so the f7 square an
extra tiOe , 61ack seeOs to have
Warded off the first ons1aught . )
I4Oxf7 | ?
( Though the f7 paWn i s defended
three tiOes , it is in rea1ity un-
protected, since it is defended
by pieces of too high a ca1ibre ,
and it is in this circuOstance
Which 1ies the basis of Chig-
orin' s coObination. oWever, the
execution of his bri11iant idea
is not quite right . Winning at
once Wou1d be I4 xf7 , When 61ack
Wou1d be poWer1ess to do anything
against the discovery of the
4 . )
224
I4. . . xf7
( NoW Chigorin' s inaccuracy passes
Without 1eaving a trace and 61ack
perishes instant1y , Whereas the
Oove I4o 4 4 A6 Wou1d have given
hiO chances of a successfu1 def-
ence , indeed, in soOe variations,
there is a queen sacrifice , for
exaOp1e : I5 Of4 Ac4 | I6 4g6
hxg6 , or I5 9J Ad5 I6 Ag6 hxg6
I7 5 4, or I5 O5 | 5 | I6
OfJ Ad5 I7Oxg5 Ac4 etc . )
I5 O7+ | 4e7 I6 Af7+ | wf7 I7
xf7 I-
( 61ack resigns , since after I7. . .
&f7 White Wins by I8 O5+ and I
wa5 . 0espite the 1ightning
finish Which crushed 61ack, a
very tense gaOe . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin. |
72 i11sbury - Chigorin
(ondon I8)
ueen' s 0aObit : Chigorin 0efence
I d4 d5 2 c4 46 J OfJ $4 4 eJ
( I t Was not unti1 after Chig-
orin' s death that the Oove 4 O4,
Which theory considers best , Was
introduced into tournaOent prac-
tice . 6ut though 4 O4 poses
61ack coOp1icated prob1eOs , it
does not refute the Chigorin 0ef-
ence . Critica1 for the eva1uation
of the opening is the position
reached after 4 O4 AfJ 5 exfJ
e6 6 4J e7 7 cxd5 exd5 8 5
a6 Ac6+ Oxc6 I0 0-0, When a
rather unc1ear continuation is
I0. . . 7 II e+ A7 I2 J
225
0-0-0.
6y Oaking the Oove 4 eJ - of good
qua1ity , renforcing the d4 paWn,
but at the saOe tiOe 1iOiting the
Oobi1ity of the - White gives
to understand that he does not
1ay c1aiO to an opening advantage
and Wants to quiet1y finish his
deve1opOent and sWitch the Who1e
Weight of the strugg1e to the
Oidd1egaOe . )
44 4 4 e6 5 4J 4 6 J
( coOOitta1 Oove Which in 1arge
Oeasure deterOines the character
of the further strugg1e. White
considers that the exchange on fJ
is favourab1e to hiO, since it
strengthens his centre and opens
the g-fi1e. quieter deve1opOent
of events aries froO 6 92
fo11oWed by A2 . Then White Wou1d
avoid the doub1ed paWns . )
6. . . AfJ 7 gxfJ e7 8 92 0-0
( Chigorin had this position sev-
era1 tiOes and a1Ways p1ayed it
With the greatest ski11 . )
J
( In the 1ast round of the grand-
Oaster tournaOent in etersburg
I856 , i11sbury chose possib1y
the strongest p1an: f4 8 I0
0-0-0, but , a11 the saOe , Chig-
orin successfu11y carried out his
p1anned regrouping : I0. . . dxc4 II
Ac4 b5 I2 J AcJ IJ wcJ 6
I4 I a5 I5 gI 4 . he gaOe
obtained is very fascinating : I6
A4 Od5 I7 5 O8 I8 Ab4 axb4
I Ad5 exd5 20 wb4 6 2I J
8 22 5 | c6 2J g1 g6 24 f5
b4 25 fxg6 hxg6 26 J &8 27
xg6 xa2 28 8+ 7 2 xb8
4 | J0 7+ 6 JI I 1+ J2
2 xg1 JJ 2 c2+ J4 &c2 g2
J5 xb4 xh2 J6 7 xf2 With a
draW on the 62nd Oove .
In our opinion, White shou1d not
cast1e queen ' s side but rather
coOp1ete his deve1opOent in this
Oanner : f4, A2 , 0-0, OI , J ,
ac - and then p1ay on the
queen's f1ank .)
. . . 8 I0 cxd5
( It is easy to see that this cap-
ture changes nothing in coOpar-
ison With the variation I0 0-0-0
dxc4 II c4 AcJ I2 AcJ b5 IJ
5 b4 . )
I0. . Oxd5 |
( 61ack introduces the knight into
p1ay , and the paWn on e6 cou1d
prove usefu1 for the break
. . . e5 . )
I I 00-0
( It is a1ready too 1ate for cast-
1ing king ' s side - I I 0-0 O4| )
11. . . AcJ I2 AcJ b5 |
( " tiOe1y counterattack White
threatened a dangerous thrust in
the centre j e4 fo11oWed by d5 | .
NoW on I J e4 Wou1d fo11oW IJW M W
b4| I4 2 Oxd4 15 4 6 I6
b4 c5 | With advantage to 61ack .
Chigorin' s knights are not infer-
ior to the White bishops | "
Levenfish. )
IJ 2 6
( critica1 OoOent . 61ack ' s p1an
226
is c1ear - to open 1ines on the
queen's f1ank to try to get at
the king . very coOp1icated pro-
b1eO for White . is paWn Oass in
the centre is not Oobi1e j in a
feW Ooves Chigorin even tota11y
para1yses it| and i11sbury
begins to prepare direct1y to
doub1e rooks on the g-fi1e. The
decision, arising natura11y froO
the character of the position,
has disastrous consequences for
White . Neither the queen nor the
bishops can support the attack by
the White rooks and they Wi11 be
choked. MeanWhi1e the Oarch of
the b-paWn Weakens the c5 square ,
and White cou1d organise counter-
p1ay on the queen' s f1ank by
Oeans of IJ I a5 I4 cJ | a4 5
and then 2 and 5 . )
I4 dgJ a5 15 f4
( Necessary , otherWise . . . e5 . )
15. . . f5 | |
( This Oove has so Ouch Oerit that
it fu11y deserves tWo exc1aOation
Oarks . The White paWn Oass in the
centre is iobi1ised and becoOes
a barrier bIocking his bishops .
he position of the O5 becoOes
unassai1ab1e and the 1engthy re-
grouping by White on the g-fiIe
can be countered by ]ust one Oove
of the rook to f7 . )
I6 gJ a4 I7 1 4b4 |
( HeveaIing a deep understanding
of the position. It Wou1d seeO
there is no sense in exchanging
the 92, rather he shouId aiO to
eIiOinate the 9J. . . . )
I8 b4
( here is no choice . 0n I8 1 ,
decisive i s I 8 . . . 6+ . )
I8. . . Oxb4 I g1 f7 20 1 aJ
( Without his bIack squared
bishop, White Wou1d dangerous1y
Weaken the position of his king
With 2I bJ j after this Wou1d
fo1IoW 2I . . . 6 and then c5 | and
he has to go in for the opening
of 1ines . he significance of
61ack ' s I7th Oove becoOes c1ear . )
2I bxaJ O5 22 J b4
( White is abso1ute1y he1Iess . In
the event of 2J a4, the Weakness
of the cJ square ruins hiO -
2J. . . c6+ 24 &2 cJ| 25 2 c5 . )
2J axb4 xb4 24 J c5 25 dxc5
O5 |
( NoW the White king cannot take
fIight to the king ' s f1ank . 26. . .
wc5+ 27 &1 xb1+ is threatened :
White is forced to give up the a2
aWn. he rest is cIear Without
coOOentary . )
26 2 wa2 27 fJ c4 28 1g2 d7
2 c6 xc6 J0 4 OJ+ JI &2
227
xc2+ |
( he siOpIest . )
J2 c2 OxeJ+ JJ I xd4 J4
xg7+ &8 J5 g8+ &7 0-I
( Chigorin' s IogicaI execution of
the strategicaI idea of the open-
ing and his Oethod of opening
1ines on the queen 's side , Were
very iOpressive . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin. |
7J Chigorin - hibin
( Correspondence I8)
King ' s 0aObit ccepted
I e4 e5 2 f4 exf4 J c4Of6 4 4J
46 5 OfJ 4 6 0-0
( his opening variation Was dis-
cussed in the notes to Chigorin-
ch1echter , ondon I8 . )
6. . . d6 7 O5
( Chigorin suggests a debate With
his opponent , since the oening
"andbuch" , faOous at this tiOe ,
recoOOended, on the basis of the
gaOe auIsen-0ubois , 7. . . 4d5 8
exd5 O5 Oxe5 dxe5 I0 d4 w7 I I
cJ as a re1iabIe Oethod of def-
ence . Chigorin intended to p1ay
instead II 5+ - a recoOOendat-
ion Which he had Oade 1ong before
to strengthen the White attack . )
7. . . g4 8 cJ 5 J d5 I0
A d5 6+ II d4
( he opening has turned out in
White ' s favour as he has been
abIe to set up a strong aWn
centre . oWever , if 61ack had
castIed noW, then there is a
stubborn resistance in prospect ,
a1though after I2 a4| White keeps
the advantage . To his Oisfortune ,
61ack eObarks upon a coObination,
hoping to Win a bishop. )
I I . . . 5 I2 Af7+ &8 IJ5 6
( pparent1y 61ack noticed too
1ate that on IJ. . c6 Wou1d fo11oW
I4 5 | after Which the f-fi1e is
opened unexpected1y quick1y and
With disastrous effect for exaO-
p1e , I44 4 4 wg5 I5 Oxg5 h6 I6 Af4
hxg5 I7 Ad6 Oate , or I44 4 4 fJ
I5 f4| &6 I6 wfJ. )
I4 b4|
( 0f course , the coObination I4
f4 wf7 I5 Ad6+ 8 I6 f7+
&f7 I7 Ac7 Ac7 I8 5+ and I
4g4 Wou1d be too 1ight a punish-
Oent for 61ack for his preOature
activity in the opening . White
Wants to drive aWay the knight to
c6 , thereby iOinating the
threat . . . c6 .)
I4 . 46
( fter I4. . . wf7 I5 5 | there is
sudden1y a threat to Win tWo
pieces - b4xa5xb6 . )
I5 5 AfJ
( 61ack cou1d Win the I I5. . .
h5 I6 wh5 4d4 I7 cxd4 Ad4+
I8 Oxd4 wd4+ I I waI , but
after 20 xf4+ his king cannot be
saved froO Oate . )
I6 xfJ g5
( gain after I6 . Oxd4 I7 cxd4
wd4+ I8 &I waI I &7 , 61ack
gets Oated, therefore he tries to
barricade the f-fi1e by ho1ding
on to the f-paWn, but this is in
vain . )
I7 f4 |
I-0
( fter I7. . . gxf4 I8 f4 wf4 I
f+ 20 & O8 2I &5+ 8
22 5+ &8 , there are tWo poss-
ib1e forcing continuations : 2J
6+ 8 24 I h6 25 J+ 7 26
W7+ 6 27 e5 | dxe5 28 A2+ 5
2 7 Oating, and a1so that
pointed out by Chigorin, 2J e5 h6
24 6+ 8 25 e6 etc . text
book exaOp1e of a 1ightning def-
eat in a position With the king
stuck in the centre . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin. |
74 Chigorin - a1k
(11-Hussia ChaOp . , MoscoW I8 )
rench 0efence
I e4 e6 2 2 46 J 4J e5 4 dJ
? 5 1 4 6 2 Of6 7 e2
46?
( second 1oss of teOpo . e
shou1d p1ay 7. . . d5 . )
8 gJ d6
( nd noW 8. . . d5 exd5 4d5 I0
$2 A6 Was good . )
228
$2 00 I0 0-0 A6
( point1ess Oove , as it is a1
ready too 1ate to atteOpt the
freeing Oove 4 4 o d5 . 6etter Was
I0W M W O7 , and if I I f4, then
I. . A5+ I2 I 4 IJ wI OJ
I4 eJ eJ I5 f5 f6 and it is
very difficu1t for White to con-
duct the attack Without the b1ack
squared bishop . )
I I f4 $4
(NoW, hoWever , after II. . . A5+ I2
I 4 IJ f5 7 I4 wI OJ I5
eJ eJ I6 f6 g6 I75 6 I8
hJ A6 I g4 8 20 4 9f8 2I
J , White obtains a strong
attack . Instead of the Oove in
the gaOe , better Wou1d be I I .. .
8 I 2 f5 7 , retaining the
bishop Which is iOportant for the
defence . )
l2 D e2 1 e2 h l W1 h
( Necessary noW or on the fo11oW-
ing Oove is . . . c6, preserving the
b1ack squared bishop froO ex-
change by the knight . )
I5 f5 f6 I6 2 f7 I7 aJ 95 I8
b4 6 I O546 20 9fJ O7 2I
Oxb6 axb6
(s a resu1t of 61ack ' s passive1y
p1ayed opening , White has obtain-
ed the advantage of the tWo
bishops and a paWn attack on the
king ' s f1ank . It is interesting
to observe the e1egant Way Chig-
orin achieves victory. )
22 g4 g5 |
( The best defence , as after 22. . .
h6 2J h4 and 24 g5 , White ' s
22
bishops Wou1d quick1y Win the
gaOe . )
2J h4
( ery strong is 2J fxg6 Oxg6
j 2J. . . hxg6 24 g5| 24 wI and then
h4-h5 and g5 . )
2J. . . h6 24 hxg5 hxg5
( 24. . . fxg5 is no better . )
25 J 7 26 1 7 27 xh7+
h7
28 W1 l
( deep1y thought out and origin-
a1 regrouping of forces , so char
acteristic of Chigorin| 6efore
going over to a decisive attack ,
White p1aces his bishops in idea1
positions . The White squared
bishop is to be transferred to bJ
so as to occupy the poWerfu1
a2-g8 diagona1 . In addition to
this , it is iOportant to p1ace
the rook in front , and not behind
the queen, on the h-fi1e. I f, for
exaOp1e , at once 28 1+ 7 2
5 , then 2. . . 8 With an ex-
change . )
28W W W 8 2 2 7 J0 1 8 JI
cJ &8 J2 1 Of8
( 0r J2. . . &8 JJ J 7 J4 AJ|
c6 J5 A6 7 j otherWise 5 and
2| J6 d7 &d7 J7 b6 8 J8
xh8 wh8 J 2 and White Wins . )
JJ J 7 J4 I | c6 J5 5 d8
( ossib1y J5. . . &7 | Wou1d put up
a Oore tenacious resistance . 6ut
after J6 2 7 J7 8 d8 J8
6 wh6 J xh6 7 40 7 8
4I f7 f8 42 A6 8 4J g7 8
44 d7 &d7 45 g5 fxg5 46 f6
fo11oWed by 47 fxe7 xe7 48 xg5 ,
White has a Winning ending . )
J6 2 48 J7 AJ b5 J8 2 b6
( fina1 Oistake, though he is
a1ready in a 1osing position. )
J A6 | 7 40 b6 xe6
( 0r 40. . . 8 4I 8 etc . )
4I fxe6 6 42 7 8 4J |
I-0
(fter 4J. . . 8 Wou1d fo11oW 44
8 h8 45 wg6+ and Oate on
the next Oove . )
j Notes by anov . |
75 6rody - Chigorin
( aris I00)
panish
I e4 e5 2 fJ46 J 5 f6 4 0-0
d6 5 d4 7 6 J A7
( Chigorin introduced this systeO
into practice in his Oatch With
Tarrasch in I8J and stubborn1y
defended its right to exist . The
basis of the systeO 1ies in the
sound positiona1 idea of Oain-
taining a paWn outpost at e5 .
feW defects appear in the
forOation of doub1ed and iso1ated
2J0
paWns on the c-fi1e. oWever ,
Chigorin considered that this
circuOstance "in the present case
does not cause a deterioration of
61ack ' s position" . ossib1e proof
of this is his gaOe With hibin,
p1ayed in the saOe year I00: 7
c6 bxc6 8 dxe5 dxe5 2 0-0
I0J 6 II $5 f6 I2 AJ 6
IJ bJ 7 I44 g6 I5 2 6 I6
c4 4 I7 2 J| I8 fdI c5 I
fJ 7 20 6 fe8 2I J48 22
2 6 2J J f7 24 J 8 25
I 6 | NoWadays , Oys1ov p1ays
a siOi1ar systeO With great
ski11 . )
7 2 xd4
( sua11y Chigorin p1ayed 7. . . 00
8 cJ f6 , but here he shoWs the
f1exibi1ity of his opening
set-up . In the present situation,
this decision to exchange on d4
is probab1y the Oost appropriate .
The exchange c6 and a 1ater e5
is not threatened and the knight ,
having 1eft cJ, does not get to
d5 . )
8 fxd4 exd4 xd4 0-0
( 61ack intends a coOfortab1e and
sing1e-Oinded dep1oyOent of his
forces : f6 , 45 , 8 . White
shou1d coOp1ete his deve1opOent ,
for exaOp1e With the Ooves I0 4
and then 2 and cJ. oWever , he
Oakes a rash Oove )
I0 f5? f6 II cJ 5 |
( White begins to have his first
troub1e With the e4 paWn. The
threat is not on1y . . . xe4, but
a1so . . . d5 . )
I2 J a6 IJ2 e8 I4 fJ
( Thanks to the pressure on the e4
paWn, 61ack has taken the init-
iative and his further progress
depends on hoW successfu1 he is
in introducing into p1a the
pieces on the queen ' s f1ank . )
I4. . . 7 |
( cunning Oove . 0oes 61ack a11oW
the exchange of the bishop on f6?
es , but on1 after I4 5 5 |
j threatening I5. . . g6| I 5 f4 f6.
6ut in this case the e4 paWn is
1ost . )
I5 J 4| I6 Ac5 dxc5
( The teOpting exchange has 1ed
not on1 to a doub1ed 61ack paWn,
but a1so to a Weakening of the
dark squares in White ' s caOp and
it is particu1ar1 this Which is
exp1oited b higorin. )
I7 9J
( White goes over to passive def-
ence too ear1 . e shou1d p1a I7
4 5 | I8 f4 6 I f5 | after
Which coOp1ications arise , but
the position is sti11 soOeWhat
2J
better for 61ack . )
I 7 . . . 6 I8 f4 8 | I 2 6 |
20 I 4+
( 61ack c1ear1 shoWs up the def-
ects of the Oove I7 9J. With a
forcing Oanoeuvre , he has seized
the d-fi1e and ensured the other
bishop entr to g4 . )
2I f2
(2I I Wou1d 1ose at once to
2I. . . AgJ 22 hxgJ d6 . )
2I . . . g4 22 f5?
( 61ack does not suspect an dan-
ger and Oakes a pseudo-active
Oove - cutting off the retreat of
the bishop on g4 and preparing
&4. It Was necessar to iOOed
iate1 unpin the rook on f2 b
p1aing 22 I . dOitted1, after
22. . . 7 2J bJ 5| or 2J e5
d8 , 61ack has an obvious advan-
tage , but a strugg1e is sti11 in
prospect . )
22. . . 7 |
( White finds hiOse1f unab1e to
defend against the threat of
. . . 5 , since , on 2J I , Wou1d
fo11oW 2J. . . 5 24 2 xd2 25
d2 8 and the rook invades on
d2 With a Oating attack . The con-
tinuation chosen b White saves
hiO on1 froO Oate . )
2J hJ 5 24 &4 Af2+ 0-I
( White resigned in vieW of the
heav Oateria1 1oss . sp1endid
exaOp1e of the exp1oitation of
the strength of the tWo bishops . )
j Notes b asukov and Nikitin. |
76 Mason - Chigorin
( aris I00)
Centre 0aOe
I e4 e5 2 d4 exd4 J d4 6 4
wJ f6 5 92 7
( 0ne of the possib1e continuat-
ions . Much 1ater it Was found
that 61ack cou1d a1ready at this
ear1y OoOent exp1oit the unfor-
tunate position of the queen by
5W M 4 6 w2 e5 7 f 4 4| 8
1 5 etc . , as shoWn in Co11-
i]n ' s "arobok" . )
6 J 0-0 7 0-0-0 &8
( More accurate here is 74 . d5 | )
8 fJ
(8 4 is a better continuation. )
8 .d5 | exd5 xd5 I0 &2 6
( In practice it is very rare in
an open gaOe that 61ack so far
outstrips his opponent in deve1-
opOent that he is ab1e to attack
first . )
11 4 xcJ I2 A cJ 8 IJ5
( The Oost natura1 rep1y . fter IJ
A e6 e6 I4 I a5 , 61ack ied-
iate1y begins to storO the oppon-
ent ' s king position , in the event
of IJ w2 , White Wou1d not r
so1ve the prob1eO of coOp1eting
the deve1opOent of his pieces . )
diagraO
IJ. . . A a2 |
( daring and unexpected sacrif-
ice of a piece | In siOi1ar posit-
ions Where t

ere is a Oarked ad-

vantage in tiOe and space , co-
J2
binations frequent1y appear a11
by theOse1ves and are a1Ways Oore
effective . 0n the other hand, a
positiona1 Way of p1aying , as for
exaO1e IJ . 97 , preventing the
unp1easant doub1ing of his paWns ,
Wou1d Oean the 1oss of the init-
iative or 61ack after I4 2
etc . )
I4 bJ &5
( Many a chessp1ayer 's intuition
Wou1d proOpt hiO to be1ieve that
61ack ' s piece sacrifice is corr-
ect , since at the given OoOent
White has sti11 not deve1oped
either his king ' s knight or rook
oWever , every sacrifice deOands
a precise1y conducted attack .
Chigorin, Who 1ike Morphy Was a
bri11iant and fine Oaster of the
attack , unfortunate1y in the pre-
sent gaOe does not Oake fu11 use
of the resources of the position,
as Wi11 be seen froO the sub-
sequent p1ay . he Oove in the
gaOe is c1ear and strong There
Wou1d be unnecessary coOp1icat-
ions after I4. . . 9f6 I5 A f6 &5
I6 Ac6 wf6 I7 O4 but not I7
5 because of I74 1+ I8 2
d8+ I 9J xdJ+ || wc6 I8 2
e5 etc .
erhaps a1so I4. . . 9f6 Wou1d not
be unfavourab1e for 61ack in the
practica1 strugg1e , Where one
Oust consider quiet Ooves at any
tiOe as it is frequent1y Oore ad-
vantageous to pass over a coO
p1icated and insufficient1y forc-
ing continuation. )
I5 Ac6 bxc6 I6 2 a5 I7 &a2 a4
I8 b4 w6+
( Considerab1y stronger Was an
iediate I8. . . c5 | )
I GI 9f6
( This is an inaccuracy after
Which White can avoid defeat . In
our opinion the correct contin-
uation of the attack Was I. . . c5 |
20 b5 4, though even in this
case there is no c1ear Win in
sight . )
20 Af6 wf6+ 2I d4
( This 1oses the gaOe, Whereas
after 2I cJ | j but not 2I O4??
because of 2I . . . d8 || wcJ+ 22
O2 wJ 2J J , 61ack Wou1d find
hiOse1f strugg1ing for a draW. )
21. . . b8 22 cJ c5 |
( decisive opening of the fi1e . )
2J bxc5 J 24 O2
( Too 1ate | )
24. . . &b8 | 25 xa4 6 26 O4
( 1so on 26 a2 Wou1d fo11oW
26. . . O5 . )
26. . . O5 27 w4 J+ 28 xaJ 2
Oate
j Notes by Hagosin. |
77 Lebedev - Chigorin
( Correspondence I00)
ueen' s 0aObit Chigorin 0efence
I d4 d5 2 c4 6 J J
( Theoreticians do not noW pay
very Ouch attention to this Oove ,
indeed a1so in practice it is Oet
far Oore rare1y than J OfJ . 6ut
for the present 61ack Oust at
once so1ve the prob1eO of the d5
square and deterOine his strategy
in the strugg1e for the centre .
0bvious1y , on1y J. . . e6 substant-
ia11y reinforces 61ack ' s posit-
ion in the centre , but at the
cost of teOporari1y 1iOiting the
Oobi1ity of the A8 . Logic Wou1d
dictate a p1an for White of 4 e4
dxe4 5 d5 , hoWever , after 5. . O4
White achieves nothing . There re-
Oains the restrained scheOe of
deve1opOent : 4 OfJ 4 5 eJ Of6 6
9J 0-0 7 0-0, Which the oviet
p1ayers , Hagosin and Lipnitsky ,
spent a great dea1 of energy
ana1ysing . They , in particu1ar ,
shoWed that Chigorin' s Oanoeuvre
7. . . dxc4 8 Ac4 96 fo11oWed by
. . . e5 , a1so here gives 61ack good
counter-chances .
2JJ
nd i f he does not ho1d on to the
d5 paWn? The cunning Oove J. . . Of6
Wou1d teOpt White to take a Wrong
road 4 cxd5 Oxd5 5 e4 OxcJ 6
bxcJ , since then, after 6. . . e5 7
d5 O8 | , 61ack coOp1ete1y b1ock-
ades the paWn chain in the cen-
tre . oWever , if on the cunning ,
White a1so rep1ies With cunning -
4 $5 O4 5 cxd5 | j but not 5 Oxe4
dxe4 6 d5? e6 | | 7 dxc6 wg5 8 O4
8 cxb7+? 7 etc .| 5. . . xcJ 6
bxcJ wd5 7 fJ $4 8 OJ| then
61ack has in prospect a strugg1e
for equaJity .
0ne can pJay in the sty1e of the
1bin Counter 0aObit , J. . . e5 , but
in the variation 4 cxd5 xd4 5 eJ
f5 6 2 6 7 fJ , 6Jack Oust
Worry about both the e5 and c7
paWns . )
J. . . dxc4 4 d5 5 | ?
( It Was precise1y this continuat-
ion, in con]unction With the sac-
rifice of a piece , Which Chigorin
considered the basic ob]ection to
J J . 0eserving attention is
4. . . 5, Which Was pJayed in the
gaOe , 0Jigoric-Oys1ov , OsterdaO
I7I . )
5 O4+
( It seeOs that the Ooving aWay of
the knight to the edge of the
board aJJoWs White to seize the
initiative in the centre in var-
ious Ways , and in particuJar With
the Oove 5 4 . oWever , after
5+ 4 e6 6 e4 f6 , 61ack has a
coOpJete1y satisfactory position,
since the c4 paWn haOpers the
deveJopOent of the 9fJ , Whi1e
there is no threat of 5 for the
present because of . . . 4+ . )
5. . . c6 6 b4
( 0n 6 dxc6, Chigorin pointed out
the fo11oWing Way to equaJity :
6. . . xc6 7 eJ 7 8 c4 e6 fJ
f6 I0 0-0 8 . )
6. . . cxbJ?
2J4
(Later on, the erroneousness of
this prepared sacrifice Was de-
Oonstrated . It seeOs the estiOat-
ion of the Oove 4 d5 depends on
an assessOent of the position
arising froO the variation 6. . .
b5 | j instead of 6. . cxbJ| 7 wa5
wa5 8 bxa5 b4. Theory considers
that J cxd5 I0 e4 e6 | gives
6Jack sufficient coOpensation for
the piece , since the paWn avaJ-
anche para1yses the activity of
the White pieces . )
7 axbJ e6 8 2?
(0f course , it is iOpossib1e to
take the 5 , either noW or after
8 dxe6 e6 j wa5 wa5 I0 xa5
4| . To an unc1ear gaOe WouJd
a1so 1ead 8 b4 6 | j possib1e
a1so is 8 4 b5 | aJ 4 | I0
dxc6 b5 | , but neverthe1ess the
invu1nerabi1ity of the knight
seeOs teOporary and rather accid-
enta1 . White need onJy defend the
J With the bishop , that is froO
d2 . In this case , the coObination
8. . . O6 wa5 wbJ is unfavour-
ab1e for 6Jack because of I0 J ,
and in the variation 8. . . xbJ
wbJ exd5 I0 e4 | d4 I I 4| 7
I2 e2, the extra White piece
j though aJso for three paWns| as
We1J as a big advantage in deve1-
opOent and the open character of
the position, has decisive sig-
nificance . robab1y , after 8 92 ,
61ack WouJd have to repJy 8 . . b6
dxc6 e7 . )
8. . . O6 | a5 wbJ
This is Where the draWback of the
Oove 8 2 te11s . The bishop
finds itse1f under attack and
White is forced to 1ose an iOpor-
tant teOpo on its defence . n so
far as the continuation J0 2
wa2 JJ xa2 reduces sharp1y
White ' s attacking potentia1 ,
there is the possibi1ity of J J . . .
exd5 . The tactica1 trap J0 dxc6
j so as after J0 . bxc6 to rep1y
JJ 2 8 J2 wbJ xbJ JJ 4 | |
is beautifu11y refuted by J0. . .
4 | J J cxb7 wb2| J2 5+ 8 |
White has to sWitch over to def-
ence . )
J0 J 4 J J J f6 |
| 6y taking the paWn jJ .. . exd5 | ,
61ack Wou1d risk 1osing the init-
iative : J2 fJ 2 j J2. . . f5? JJ
2? 2 J4 1 and Wins| JJ4
6 J4 9J. )
J2 dxc6 4 JJ 1
| espite his Oateria1 advantage ,
White is forced to defend . is
pieces on the queen's f1ank are
tied to the defence of the J,
Whi1e the king ' s f1ank up to noW
has been unOoved. 6ut hoW can
61ack strengthen his position?
There is no tiOe for the capita1
JJ. . . -0, because of J4 fJ 8
J5 eJ , after Which the coObinat-
ion J5. . . xcJ J6 xcJ J+ J7
wd1 wb2 is refuted by J8 O8+ .
Chigorin finds a Way of breaking
the coordination betWeen the
pieces defending the J, he be-
gins a forcing coObination, at
the basis of Which 1ies the
atteOpt to run the 61ack paWn to
aJ , With the aiO of e1iOinating
the 2 .
The very saOe Ootive of attack on
the 2 1ies at the heart of an-
other Oanoeuvre to conso1idate
61ack s advantage - JJ. . . 5 J4
eJ 0-0 | , for exaOp1e : J5 fJ4
J6 9J AcJ+ J7 AcJ wb1 J8 xbJ
xcJ J cxb7 b8 | 20 J | b7 | )
J J . . . a5 | J4fJ |
| The p1ausib1e J4 fJ Wou1d in
fact be a Waste of tiOe , since it
is not the 4 but the a-paWn
Which is dangerous for White .
Chigorin gives the fo11oWing con-
vincing variation : J4 fJ a4| J5
fxe4 aJ | J6 2 axb2 J7 wa8
bxcJl&) J8 c8+ W J 7+ 6
and 61ack Wins . White Oanages to
bring up his reserves to the area
Where the crisis is about to take
p1ace . )
J4. . . a4 J54 O5 J6 eJ aJ |
| 61ack advances ]ust in tiOe .
That is to say , the p1ausib1e
J6. . . e5 Wou1d put 61ack s gaOe in
]eopardy after J7 cxb7 Ab7 J8
5+ | 8 J 9J 5 20 Ab4 wb4
2J 6 | )
diagraO
J7 AaJ |
| t this OoOent , When it seeOs
that White ' s resistance is broken
- J7 5 0-0| J8 0-0 axb2 J a8
AcJ 20 J Ad4, or J7 cxb7 b7
2J5
I8 5+ 8 I Oe2 axb2 20 wb2
9J he finds a tactica1 chance ,
endeavouring to divert the 4
froO the a5-e diagona1 ,

after
Which the 61ack queen finds it-
se1f under attack )
I7 xcJ |
( The best rep1y . The pin of the
J can no 1onger be exp1oited :
I7 . . xaJ I8 waJ , I7. . 5 I8
cxb7 Ab7 I 5+ , or I7 0-0 I8
Ab4 xa I xa | xcJ 20 AcJ
j 20 Af e5 2I exd4 22 x
5 || 20. . . bxc6 2I A2 e5 22 fJ
With advantage to White )
I8 Ab4 xa I xa a2 |
( 61ack not on1y Ooves the knight
aWay froO attack , but a1so pre-
vents the invasion of the rook )
20 5 | 8 2I 95+ 7 22 0-0
( very sharp and origina1 posit-
ion 61ack has a sOa11 Oateria1
advantage, but the for present
on1y his queen takes an active
part in the gaOe White ' s pieces
are active1y p1aced but his forO-
ation has a defect Which is not
iediate1y obvious the precar-
2J6
ious position of the 5 . This
circuOstance is iOOediate1y ex-
p1oited by Chigorin )
22. . e5 | 2J e4 |
( The on1y Way of Oaintaining the
tension 0n 2J fJ , 61ack Wou1d
Win a paWn 2J . . bxc6 24 fd
j24 Ac6 wa5| wb5 25 xa2 A6 .)
2J. . . wd4 24 xa2 bxc6 25 Ac6
A6 26 a4 J 27 4+ &6
(p to noW, White has defended
ingenious1y , and if he noW suc-
ceeds in exchanging rook and
bishop , then the paWn forOation
a11 on one f1ank and the absence
of Weaknesses, foreshadoWs a
draWn resu1t The exchange of
rooks is probab1y not difficu1t
28 a7 8 2 A7+ 6 J0 aJ J
JI xbJ AbJ, but the queen and
bishop , assisted by the paWns ,
Oight sti11 create threats to the
White king, though there is a1so
a 1ong strugg1e in prospect In-
stead of this , White fal1s into a
cunning trap and 1oses at once )
28 f4? 2 fxe5+ 6 J0 95
c | 0-I
( White resigns , since 1argesca1e
Oateria1 1oss - JI xc J+ J2
I w+ JJ JJ 2 2+
4+ J4 f2 Ad5 - is unavoid
ab1e .
tense strugg1e | White disp1ayed
great tenacity in defence in a
difficu1t position, but the
greater iOpression is Oade by the
energy and fine precision of
Chigorin in conducting the attack
and in he rea1isaion of his
Oateria1 advantage . )
j Noes by asyukov and Nikitin. |
78 NN - Chigorin
( Correspondence I0I )
Spanish
I e4 e5 2 OfJ46 J 5 a6 4 4
Of6 5 00 d6 6 4J b5 7 J $4 8
dJ
( 6eter here is 8 O2 , not fear-
ing the doub1ed paWns . In sriv-
ing to avoid the doub1ed paWns ,
White prepares the fo11oWing art-
ificia1 Oanoeuvre of the knight .
0f course he cannot p1ay 8 hJ 5
g4? Oxg4 I0 hxg4 Ag4 etc . )
8+ o + O7 OI
(8 AJ Was necessary , to anticip-
ate he Oove . . + O4.)
. . . O4 I0 Od2 O6 | I I J
( e ough to p1ay II Ae6 . )
I I . . . Of4 I2 J
( NoW fo11oWs a specacu1ar rou . )
I2. . . J || I2 gxhJ 4| I4 J
Oxh2 | I5 J
( In order , afte I5. . . hJ , o
defend agains the Oae With the
Oove I6 OI . The White queen
finds itse1f sWinging 1ike a
pendu1uO froO eJ to eJ . )
I5. . . 4 |
( Three successive Ooves - three
knight sacrifices | )
I6 I
(gain he queen Oust reurn to
its previous position . )
I 6. . . 6 I7OI hJ I8 Af4 exf4
I Od2
( or the hird tiOe the i11-fated
knight 1eaves is origina1
square | )
I. . . 4 |
( 0ver he course of the 1as
seven Ooves the 61ack knight has
hree tiOes occupied the g4
square - each iOe Wih a neW
hreat . )
20 5
( White cou1d pu up Oore resis-
ance by p1aying , 20 Af7+ &7 2I
OI h5 22 A6 6 2J 5 g6 24
A6 and hen eJ and OfI . )
20. . . h5 | 2I Aa8
(nd noW he ough to p1ay 2I
Af7+ fo11oWed by A6. )
2I .. . 6 22 e5 g6 2J A4 OJ+ 24
Ag6
( This bishop has capured boh
61ack rooks. . . . )
24. . . 2 Oate
( n aOusing gaOe . The 1i fe in
soOe of the pieces Was very cur
ious . Chigorin p1ayed this gaOe
Wih Wonderfu1 e1egance . )
j Noes by 0rekov . |
2J7
7 Chigorin - ebedev
(11-Hussia ChaOp . , MoscoW I0I )
etroff 0efence
1 e4 e5 2 fJ f6 J d4 xe4 4
xe5 d5 5 J 6 6 0-0 00 7 c4
c6 8 JxcJ bxcJ
( or the present , White is Winn-
ing the opening batt1e . e has a
paWn superiority in the centre
and a strong knight on e5. The
direct atteOpt to drive it aWay
With . . . f6 is refuted at once by
I0 O5 , after Which there is
nothing 1eft for 61ack except
10. . . f5 j I0. . . h6 I I Ah6 fxe5 I2
$5 w8 J 7+ and Oate in tWo
Ooves|. Neverthe1ess 61ack Oust
not 1eave the 5 in peace , and
Oust at the saOe tiOe deve1op his
pieces . or this purpose , . . . 7
is the indicated Oove, for exaO-
p1e : I0 O5 f6 II O4 4 or 10
f4 &6 II xd7 Ad7 I2 Ad6 d6
and the gaOe shou1d be gradua11y
equa1ised . oWever , 61ack gives
his opponent the advantage of the
tWo bishops in an open position. )
. . . Ae5 I0 dxe5 dxc4
( ossib1y a1so inaccurate . 61ack
diverts the bishop froO the h7
square , but the Weakness of the
f7 point noW begins to te1 1 .
61ack s position Oay rightfu11y
be considered difficu1t, but ,
after exaOining his defensive re-
sources , Chigorin points out on1y
the Oove 104 + 6 , Which though
so1id does not create a threat to
the e5 paWn. 6ut it is precise1y
2J8
this fact Which a11oWs White to
eObark upon a direct attack - I I
O5 g6 I 2 6 | NoW , on I2. . . 7 ,
Wou1d fo11oW the forced destruct-
ion 1J $5 f6 I4 Ag6 hxg6 I5
g6+ 8 I6 exf6 xf6 j if I6. . .
xf6 then I7 e1 w7 I8 &J and
White Wins| I7 O5+ 7 I8 e1
w8 I Af6+ xf6 20 5+ &7 2I
eJ and White Wins 61ack cou1d
put up a Oore tenacious defence
after I0. . . 7 , so as , after I I
cxd5 , to continue 1 1 . . . xe5 | I2
Ah7+ &h7 I J 5+ 8 I4 e5
d5 , and on I I f4 to rep1y
11 .. . 5 I2 J xdJ| 1J Af8
dxc4. 0n1y after II J | &8 I2
f4 does White retain a c1ear ad-
vantage . )
11 Ac4 w7
( The exchange of queens 1eaves
White With an enorOous positiona1
advantage the open d-fi1e, tWo
strong bishops and a strong paWn
on e5 . )
I2 a4|
( Hefined , though a1so not ob-
vious1y decisive . White prepares
the transfer of the bishop to aJ
Without spending tiOe on the def-
ence of the e5 paWn. )
I2. . . d8
( With such a backWard deve1op-
Oent , it Wou1d be extreOe1y dan-
gerous to take the paWn. Chig-
orin ' s variation: I2. . . e5 IJ
e1 7 I4 J d8 I5 Af7+ | f7
I6 O5+ is sufficient1y convinc-
ing . )
IJ 5 e8
( It is difficu1t to give good
advice to 61ack . 0n IJ. . . g6 , a
very unp1easant rep1y Wou1d be I4
$5 | and equa11y bad are a1so
I44 4 4 we5 because of I5 Af7+ and
I4. . . gxh5 in vieW of I5 Ae7 e8
I6 96 . )
I4 9J | 7 I5 adI 5 I6 4
( There is of course no sense in
White exchanging queens . e noW
threatens I7 9J and, on I6. . .
4, both I7 8 and I7 w7 Win. )
I6. . . we5 I7 f4
( 6eginning a forced Winning Oan-
oeuvre . )
I7. . . 6
( The 61ack queen cannot desert
the e7 square , for exaOp1e : I7. . .
wJ+ I8 I wcJ I w7 | )
I8 wf6 |
( The Oost effective continuation
of the attack . dded to a11
61ack s Oisfortunes , noW threats
on the g-fi1e coOe doWn upon his
king . )
I8. . . gxf6 I fJ A6
( White threatened 20 gJ+ and 2I
Af7 . )
20 gJ+ 8
( White , of course , has a Winning
position, but the decisive b1oW
is not iOOediate1y obvious . )
diagraO
2I A7 | h5
( 0esperation, but 2I. . . 7 Wou1d
1ose a piece : 22 Ae6 | e7 2J
Ad7 d8 24 gdJ etc . )
22 Af6+
( nd Without Waiting for the
announceOent of Oate in three
Ooves , 61ack resigned . )
I-0
( refined , 1ucid gaOe . Chigorin
very ski1fu11y created and carr-
ied out an attack on the king by
exp1oiting, in essence , the on1y
Oistake by 61ack in the opening -
on the th Oove . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin. |
80 Chigorin - 0unsberg
( Monte Car1o I02 )
rench 0efence
I e4 e6 2 2 6
(fter ten years practice during
Which a11 sorts of defences Were
tried against Chigorin s Oove 2
w2 , theoreticians caOe to the
conc1usion that the best rep1y
Was 2. . . c5 . It is interesting
that it Was precise1y this Oove
Which Tarrasch Oade in the open-
ing gaOes of his Oatch With Chig-
orin, When 2 w2 Oade its debut .
2J
The resu1t of these four gaOes
Was tWo Wins apiece . 0bvious1
Tarrasch Was not satisfied With
this, as he be1ieved he had a
right to Win the Oa]orit of
gaOes When White , a1read on the
second Oove, so crude1 violated
the basic princip1es of the
"Oodern schoo1" : ( I ) The queen is
brought into p1a before the
Oinor pieces , (2) The queen
blocks the Wa out for his king ' s
bishop .
In al1 the subsequent gaOes of
the Oatch , Tarrasch p1aed 2. . .
A7 in repl to 2 w2 . This
"iOproveOent" hoWever brought hiO
1ittle ]o - in six gaOes in
Which he opened this Wa , Tarr-
asch Won onl one, 1ost three and
dreW tWo .
In later contests , 61ack a1so
tried other Was to refute Chig-
orin s "incorrect" Oove , but With
the saOe 1ack of success . n in-
teresting tr Was the ssteO With
2. . . e5 , Which Was once even p1a-
ed b asker . The ]ustification
for this Oove folloWs this line
of reasoning: though 61ack a1so
loses tiOe , White ' s extra teOpo
consists of the "harOful" Oove 2
w2 , blocking the Wa out for his
White squared bishop . This
"logic" is deOo1ished b the fact
that Chigorin Wi11 develop his
bishop on g2. . . .
61ack Would a1so achieve nothing
b tring to gain tiOe b Oeans
of an attack b the queen' s
knight : 6-d4 - the queen Wou1d
quietl return to dl and the
knigh on d4 Oust soon also re-
treat With 1oss of tiOe . )
J f4 e7 4 OfJ d5 5 e5 d4?
( n unfortunate advance , as this
paWn becoOes an ob]ect of attack
for White . )
6 2
( Chigorin cou1d have exp1oited
61ack s 1ast Oove b plaing an
iediate 6 cJ | in order to then
attack the d4 paWn With the queen
and force 6lack to exchange on
cJ . NoW 6lack has the opportunit
for a counterattack . )
6 4 o O4 7 J
( 7Oxd4? 1oses to 7. . . wd4 . )
7. . . c5
j Oistake Would be 7. . . dJ( ?) ,
since after 8 cJ the paWn Would
be dooOed . |
8 cJ Oc6
( fter 8 . . dxcJ? bxcJ , 61ack
Wou1d lose the c5 paWn. )
5 a6 I0 Ac6+ Oxc6 I I 2 |
( o as to force 6lack to exchange
the d4 paWn.)
I I . . . A7 I2 bJ |
( 6ut not at once I2 cxd4 cxd4 IJ
Oxd4 because of IJ. . . 5 and
6lack Wins a piece . )
I2. . . dxcJ
(fter I2. . . dJ this paWn Wou1d
find itse1f isolated and 61ack
Would be tied to its defence . )
j 0pening the d-fi1e favours
White , appropriate Would be I2. . .
240
dJ | |
IJ dxcJ 0-0 I4 00 OJ
( The 61ack queen begins to tush
about" ovet the board - noW 61ack
transfers it to g6 , but aftet a
feW Ooves the queen finds itse1f
on c8 . 0enera11y , 61ack p1ays
this part of the gaOe unsysteOat-
ica11y . More advisab1e Was I4. . .
7 and then b6 , 7 and d8. )
J5 2 b6 I6 d 6 I7 OJ a5
I8 feJ 96 I AI d 20 f5 |
( The beginning of a Chigotin
attack . )
20. . exf5 2I 5 6 22 c4|
( In the present position, an
energetic continuation of the
attack is Oore iOportant than
Winning back the paWn. )
j Threatening 2J 5 | Ag5 24 Ag5
and f6+ ||
224 4 4 h6 2J J
j I f 2J xb6? then 2J4 a 4 xe5 || and
61ack ho1ds the paWn, e . g . 24
xe5 xdJ 24 xdJ e5 and 25
7? Wou1d be a Oistake because
of 25. . . 8|]
2J. . . 7 24 f4 8
25 e6 |
( 1otting a very beautifu1 coO-
bination, Which gives Chigorin a
strong attack on the king. 11
White s pieces participate in te
attack hoWevet , 61ack s queen
and White squared bishop teOain
out of p1ay . )
25+ o 4 g5 26 5 fxe6 27 xe7 xe7
28 Ag5 | xdJ 2 xdJ 8
( 61ack Wou1d a1so quick1y 1ose
after 2. . . hxg5 for exaOp1e ,
xg5+ 6 jJ0. . 8? JI 5+ and
xe6 | JI 4+ 6 J2 7+ &g5 JJ
e7+ f6 j JJa 6 J4 7 | J4
h4+ 6 J5 h5+ 5 J6 7+ etc . )
j 6ogo1]ubov gives instead here JI
6 | ( infetiot is JI xe6 e6 J2
6 etc ., because 61ack is 1eft
With three pieces for the queen)
f6 J2 4+ 6 JJ fJ 7 J4
5+ 6 J5 O5 fo11oWed by d7+
and Wins . |
J0 4 f7
( Necessaty , in otder to prevent
O5 and d7 , but noW fo11oWs a
decisive attack . )
JI d8| 7 J2 5+ | hxg5 JJ x
Ac8 J4 Ag5 7 J5 h4 f6 J6 5
O4 J7 e6 xg5 J8 f5+ 6 J
6+ 7 40 hxg5 4 4I 6+ I-0
j Notes by 0tekov ( ) and 6ogo1-
]ubov j | . |
8I Chigorin ch1echter
(Monte Car1o I02 )
Ita1ian 0aOe
I e4 e5 2 fJ 6 J A4 A5 4 J
f6 5 dJ d6 6 J AeJ 7 fxeJ 5
24I
( 61ack consistent1y goes for siO-
p1ifiation and this is suffic-
ient for equa1ity . )
8 J OxbJ axbJ 00 J0 0-0 4
( aving in Oind the advance
. . . f5 , neutra1ising the open
fi1e . )
J J 1 f5 J2 exf5 f5 JJ e4 7
( 0n the retreat of the bishop to
e6 , 61ack Wou1d not be very happy
after te continuation J4 hJOf6
J5 5 fo11oWed by 4 . )
J4 hJ Of6 J5 4 c6
( To once and for a11 take aWay
the d5 square froO the White
knight . )
J6 J 8
( 61ack intends to oust the White
queen froO the king ' s f1ank . )
J7O2 5 J8 g4
( White hopes to deve1op favour-
ab1e piece p1ay after the ex-
change of queens . )
J8. . . h4
(voiding the exchange Wou1d be
risky , but a1so there is no need ,
the peace-1oving ch1echter Was
near1y a1Ways contented With a
draW. )
J 4h4 g6
( NoW 61ack has conso1idated
everything and in the quiet pos-
ition a peacefu1 outcoOe to the
gaOe seeOs inevitab1e . )
20 2 a6 2J J 7 22 OfJ O8
( I f 61ack had been aWare that his
aggressive opponent Wou1d decide
to underOine the centre , not
Worrying about iso1ating his e4
paWn, then he Wou1d probab1y have
p1ayed . . . c5 , in order to then
transfer the knight via e8 and c7
to e6 . 0r did ch1echter consider
d4 favourab1e for hiOse1f and
provoke White? Whatever the case ,
Chigorin shoWs that he is not
on1y bo1d , but a1so shreWd . )
2J d4 |
( Livening up the gaOe and in-
creasing the Oobi1ity of the
White knight . dOitted1y , White
has an iso1ated paWn in the cen-
tre, but 61ack ' s d6 paWn is a1so
in a Weak position. )
2J. . . exd4 24 4d4 7 25 d1
xf1 26 Oxf1
( nd so an endgaOe is reached
With chances for both sides ,
61ack has knight and bishop
against tWo White knights - but
tWo knights are reOarkab1e Oater-
ia1 in Chigorin ' s hands | )
26. . . 8 27 OfJ xe4
( 61ack has a 1iOited choice here .
osing is 27. . . 6 28 5 f6 2
e5 , a1so 27. . . d5 has its draW-
backs , since after 28 exd5 4d5
2 c4, the knight is forced back
to the bad position b6 j to avoid
the 1oss of a piece by 2. . . Of4+?
J0 J O2+ JJ &2 A8 J2 1 | . )
28 xd6 7
( To defend the seventh rank and
the bishop , for Which there is
present1y no good square of re-
treat 28. . . A6? 2 5 5 J0
Oxe6+ Oxe6 JJ d7+ | . )
2 OJ | c5
242
( In order to reinforce the posit
ion of the bishop , 6Iack frees
the c6 square for it . This is
good, but With the irony of fate
things turn out otherWise : it is
not possibIe to take advantage of
the bishop ' s chosen position for
a Iong tiOe , and When he finaIIy
obtains it then it brings 6Iack
no ]oy . )
J0 O5 |
( White Oakes heroic efforts ]ust
as the fortunes of War are chang-
ing to his side . )
J0W M N
( It is cIear that J0. . . e5 Ioses
a paWn after JI d7+ and J2
xc7 . )
JI O5 |
( White Oakes a surprising knight
sacrifice the Oore so since
this is repeated three tiOes in a
roW| )
( 61ack Oust noW take a knight ,
but Which?)
JI .. . Oxd5
( Chigorin deOonstrates Oaster-
fuIIy the error of this decision.
Necessary Was JI. . . e5 J2 4c7
6+ JJ &2 &7 | and if J4 4a6?
then J4. . . &7 . fter the Oove in
the gaOe it Wi1I soon becoOe
c1ear that White ' s knight is Ouch
stronger than 6Iack ' s bishop ,
Which is aIso destined to not
dispIay its Iong range . )
J2 xd5 &6
( Nothing good coOes froO a tiOid
defence . In the event of J2. . . b6
JJ h4 9f7 J4 Oxf7 f7 J5 &J &6
J6 , 6Iack ' s difficuIties re-
Oain even in the rook ending , in
vieW of the Weakness of his
queen ' s f1ank and the activity of
the White rook . )
JJ g5+ | &6 J4 c4
( Not J4 c5? because of J4. . .
b6 . )
J4. . . b6 J5 J a5
( The atteOpt to open the h-fi1e
for the rook is unsound : J5. . . h6
J6 gxh6 7 J7 4 6 J &4
Ad5 J cxd5+ and 6Iack does not
dare take the paWn, but then
White penetrates to g5 With the
king and Wins easiIy . chIechter
therefore coOOences a pIan in-
voIving the advance of the paWn
to a4 With the particuIar aiO of
providing an outIet for his
bishop . Neverthe1ess, the Iesser
evi1 WouId have been to adopt
Waiting tactics : J5. . . 7 J6 &4
J7 7 J f &6 J f6+
7( | ) 40 h4 I . )
J6 &4 a4
( It is too Iate to stop haIf-Way ,
Iosing is J6W M M 7 J7 d7 d7
24J
J8 xd7 &d7 J 5 7 40 h4,
a1so J6. . . 7 does not save hiO
after J7 8 7 J8 8 97 j if
J8. . . &8, then J4 With f6 to
fo11oW| J 8 . )
J7 8 | axbJ J8 8 |
( Threatening Oate | )
J8. . . 6 J b6+ 7 40 bJ
( deserved reWard . )
40. . A6
( ee the note to the 2th Oove )
4I J 7 42 a5 6 4J 5
( The technica1 phase of the gaOe
- to exp1oit his advantage - is
conducted by White With great
c1arity . )
4J. . $2 44 6+ 7 45 f6 |
( Not refraining froO the exchange
of the hJ paWn for the c5 paWn. )
45. . . 7 46 h4 98 47 f7
( The exchange of rooks is decis-
ive , due to the Weakness of
61ack ' s paWns on both f1anks . )
47 . 6 48 e7 &e7 4 J |
( The knight heads for e4 in order
to drive back the 61ack king to
the queen's side and thereby to
give his oWn king a path to the
opponent ' s defence1ess king ' s
f1ank )
4. . 6 50 f2 $2 5I4+ 6
( In the paWn ending j after 5I . . .
Ae4| White Wins siOp1y by trans-
ferring the king to cJ and then
p1aying b4 . )
52 5 fJ 5J 2 9J 54 &6 6
55 7 5 56 &h7 &4
( 0r 56. . . 4 57 6 J 58 J . )
57 J I-0
244
( gaOe Which is Oodest in
appearance , With no vio1ent
attack and coOp1icated posit-
ions , but Which graphica11y i11-
ustrates hoW "out of nothing" it
is possib1e to first1y achieve a
great dea1 and then 1ater every-
thing The second ha1f of the
gaOe quite bri11iant1y depicts
Chigorin as a proOinent Oaster of
endgaOe p1ay )
82 Chigorin - opie1
( anover I02)
Caro Kann 0efence
I e4 c6 2 d4 d5 J J dxe4 4 xe4
f5 5 J $6 6 h4
( The variation is sub]ect to the
WhiOs of fashion, though practice
has never p1aced under doubt its
re1iabi1ity 25 years ago White
Went in rather for the systeO 2
J d5 J fJ , a11oWing the pin
J . $4 j but in return preventing
the deve1opOent of the bishop to
f5 - J. . . dxe4 4 xe4 f5 5 J
6? 6 h4 h6 7 5 || The systeO
With the deve1opOent of the
bishop to f5 Was adopted in the
Oatch for the Wor1d ChaOpionship ,
6otvinnik-etrosian, and on1y
pas sky , in his Oatch With et-
rosian in I66 , succeeded in
finding a sufficient1y effective
p1an for White . )
6 . . h6 7 fJ 7
( This order of Ooves , through
Which 61ack prevents the White
knight easi1y occupying the e5
square is considered the best .
6ut , noWadays, White , before ex-
changing the White squared bish-
ops , advances the paWn to h5 - 8
h5 7, he thereby not on1y gives
hiOse1f a space advantage and a
bind on the king ' s f1ank for the
Oidd1egaOe , but a1so good chances
in the ending , Where he is usua1-
1y 1eft With knight against b1ack
squared bishop . The standard of
p1ay for White is as in the IJth
gaOe of the passky-etrosian
Oatch , I66, in Which , after 8 h5
7 J A dJ I0 dJ 7 II 2
e6 I2 w2 | Of6 IJ 0-0-0 0-0-0 I4
O5Oxe5 I5 dxe5 O7 I6 f4 A7 I7
O4 5 I8 J, White obtained
the advantage . )
8 J dJ dJ e6 I0 2 f6
II 00-0 7 I2 O4 0-0-0 IJ gJ
( The p1an With the exchange of
the bad1y p1aced J and a sub-
sequent strugg1e for the f4 and
e5 squares is thought by Oany of
our conteOporaries as having been
Worked out by kranian chess-
p1ayers . oWever , the source of
it, We see , is deeper . )
IJ Oxe4
(sua11y , in siOi1ar positions ,
as frequenty occur in the Caro
Kann and rench 0efences , an ex-
change of the knight on e4 fo11-
oWed by a transfer of the other
knight With teOpo to f6, is con-
sidered a Oinor success for
61ack . ere , hoWever , the Oatter
is far Oore coOp1icated, since
245
the Of6 does not take part in the
strugg1e for the key point e5
and , in this respect , is p1aced
even Worse here than on d7 6o1-
es1avsky suggested the exchange
IJ. . . 5 I4 Oxc5 A c5 , hoWever ,
after I5 4 | 6 I6 w2 , 61ack
experiences difficu1ties , both in
the event of I6. c5 I7 dxc5 A c5
I8 f4 6 I d6 , and a1so
I6 . . O7 I7 c4 c5 I8 J. )
I4 e4 6 I5 eI e8 I6 I
Of6 I7 w2 |
( passky tiOe and again has
stressed that the greatest ro1e
in his chess deve1opOent Was
p1ayed by a carefu1 study of the
creative Work of Chigorin . This
is apparent for exaOp1e in hoW
ski1fu1y he p1ays the King ' s
0aObit , his 1ove of the Chigorin
treatOent of the C1osed ariation
of the ici1ian 0efence , and fin-
a11y his hand1ing of the Caro
Kann 0efence - in particu1ar the
Oanoeuvre w4-e2 With Which
passky began to soften up
61ack ' s tough position in this
opening . )
I7. . . 6
( 61ack Oakes his aiO the carrying
out of the freeing advance . . c5 ,
but , p1ayed at once , this Wou1d
give White a c1ear advantage :
I7 . c5 I8 dxc5 | c5 I f4 6
20 xd6 xd6 2I d6 d6 22 O5
7 2J h5 fo11oWed by I-h4c4 )
I8 c4 c5 I cI 8
( The advance of the paWn to c5
does not rid 61ack of his opening
difficu1ties , since the natura1
freeing Oanoeuvre , the exchange
I. . . cxd4, is for the present not
possib1e because of 20 c5 | Ac5
2I xc5+ wc5 22 1 etc . This
coObination 1ater on Wi11 para1-
yse 61ack ' s activity, as Wi11 be
under1ined by the unfortunate
triangu1ar arrangeOent of the
queen, bishop and c5 paWn. )
20 5 7
( 6y retreating the queen to c7 ,
61ack Wou1d risk coOing under
attack on the h2-b8 diagona1 :
20. . 7 2I 9f4 cxd4? 22 c5 | , or
2I J 7 22 b4 | cxd4 2J c5 | 9f
24 9f4 e5 25 Oxe5 etc . )
2I J 8 22 VI
( Moving the king into the corner
represents a 1itt1e chess enigOa,
since , on the rep1y 2I. . . 8 ,
White cou1d at once and With
great effect p1ay 22 b4| Instead
of this , Chigorin 1ikeWise Ooves
his king off the b-fi1e . oWever ,
it is difficu1t for 61ack to take
advantage of this short pause .
fter the re1ative1y best 22. . .
6 2J dxc5 Ac5 24 Oxc5 wc5 , he
has in prospect a 1ong and agon-
ising strugg1e for equa1ity . )
22. . . 7
diagraO
2J b4 |
( 6eginning to "crack" the c5
square . 0efending it With the
246
Oove 2J. . . b6 Wou1d be risky be-
cause of the opening of the
b-fi1e, Which , in con]unction
With the threats on the hI-a8
diagona1 Wou1d give White a
strong attack . There reOains a
tactica1 possibi1ity Which has a
surprising effect . )
2J. . . 7 | 24 edI
( White takes a Wrong path , here
the siOp1e 24 Oxc5 Wou1d guaran-
tee hiO a big advantage j24. . .
Ac5 25 dxc5 | wd2 26 dI | . )
24. . . cxd4 25 f4 h5?
( NoW 61ack once again finds hiO-
se1f under attack . It Was poss-
ib1e to ho1d the position by
iOOediate1y sezng the a8-hI
diagona1 With the queen: 25. . .
6 | 26 I j he has to 1ose tiOe
to defend against . . . w4| 26. . . b6
27 b5 O7 28 4 Ab4 2Oxb4 dJ |
J0 OxdJ d7 JI dI w4 | With
equa1ity. )
26 b5 b6 27 4 4
( t is difficu1t to suggest a
Oore tenacious defence the
threats of J+ and c5 are very
strong . Thus , on 27. . . O7, Wou1d
fo11oW 28 Ad6 d6 2 c5 , and ,
after 27. . . 8 , unp1easant is 28
&J+ 8 2 c5 or even 2 O5 . )
28 Ad6 wd6 2 c5 | bxc5 J0 xc5
7 JI dc1 xc5 J2 xc5 g6?
( e cou1d have put up a Oore
stubborn resistance by p1aying
J2. . . Of6 JJ &J+ O5 , though
after J4 wh5 White has a great
advantage . )
JJ &J+ 8 J4 O4|
( The rook on c5 is iOOune froO
capture and there is no defence
against J5 6+ .)
J4. . . a5 J5 6+ 7 J6 7+ wc7
J7 Oxc7 I0
( fter J7. . . dJ J8 6 d2 J b6+
he is Oated . very good i11ust-
ration of the theOe , The ro1e of
Chigorin in the deve1opOent of
Oodern opening systeOs . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin. |
8J Chigorin hibin
( etersburg I02 )
King s 0aObit ccepted
I e4 e5 2 f4 exf4 J OfJ g5 4 4
$7
( 61ack refrains froO the sharp
but coOOitta1 4. . . g4 and prefers
to coOp1ete his deve1opOent . )
5 00 d6 6 d4 h6 7 cJ
( In the King ' s 0aObit , the cJ
square is genera11y best 1eft for
the knight . Chigorin apparent1y
decides to test the strength of
the attack With OJ . )
7. . . Of6
247
( The natura1 reaction to 7 cJ ,
though theory recoOOends 7. . . 46
or even 7. . . O7 . )
8 e5
( The attack 8 OJ 0-0 e5 is re-
futed by the counterb1oW . . .
d5 | )
8. . . dxe5 Oxe5
( 6ut here White cou1d p1ay OJ .
Chigorin considered that , in
rep1y to this it is possib1e to
defend in a rather origina1 Way ,
. . . Ofd7 | ? I0 Af7+ &8 I I 5
7 and after I2 dxe5 4e5 IJ
Oxe5 Ae5 I4 gJ, to rep1y I4. . .
7 , preserving the extra paWn
and a so1id position. Though on
the I2th Oove White cou1d
strengthen the attack With a
knight sacrifice I2 4 | | gxh4
IJ dxe5 Ae5 I4 Af4 , 61ack again
Wou1d ho1d the defence by I4. . .
7 , adOitted1y he Wou1d sti11
have to Ward off soOe dangerous
threats, for exaOp1e I5 O2 Af4
I6 xf4 5+ I7 I wh5 I8 6 | )
. . . O5
( In good tiOe 61ack covers the
a2g8 diagona1 . 0ther Ooves seeO
to be 1ess re1iab1e . Thus . . . A6
I0 Ae6 fxe6 1eads to a forOation
in 61ack s caOp With nuOerous
Weaknesses , and on 4 = o 00 , the
rep1y I0 OJ practica11y forces
61ack to sacrifice the exchange
by I0. . . 8 II 6 46 I2 4f8 .
Certain1y , i n this case , the
position reOains very tense and
unc1ear but White hard1y has an
advantage since 61ack ' s paWn
chain on the king ' s f1ank is very
strong . )
j 61ack has , in coOparison With
the "theoretica1" variations , a
very desirab1e gaOe . White on1y
With difficu1ty Wi11 profit froO
the insignificant advantage in
Oateria1 ( rook against bishop and
paWn) as he cannot sOash the
61ack paWns on the king ' s f1ank
if h4, then . . . 5 and the knight
obtains a strong position on gJ. |
I0 J
( Chigorin is consistent in the
carrying out of his opening idea ,
but his opponent fathoOs out his
intentions nd takes necessary
Oeasures . 0n the other hand, the
transfer of the knight to d5 , as
pointed out by Spassky, gives
White the opportunity to conduct
a sharp coObinative attack : I0
xf7 | jpossib1e a1so is I0 5
00 II f4 | | I0. . . &f7 II f4
gxf4 I2 5+ etc . )
I0. . . c6 I I 2
( The attack With J has been
shoWn to be harO1ess . Whi1e the
regrouping , 2fJ, A1d2 and
aeI , is taking p1ace, 61ack can
a1so deve1op his pieces on the
queen s f1ank . Thus , noW deserv-
ing attention is II. . 7 I2xd7
d7 IJ I+ &8 or II. . . 0-0 I2
fJ 7 hoWever , 61ack unexpec-
ted1y rids hiOse1f of the 5 ,
giving up the bishop Which p1ays
an iOportant ro1e in the defence
248
of the king. )
I J . . . e5 I2 &I | 00
( Confusion. It Was possib1e to
organise a defence on1y by ex-
changing queens I2. . . J | IJ
f7+ &8 I4 dxe5 6 | )
IJ xe5 J I4fJ xc4
(61ack cannot exp1oit the rook ' s
exposed position on e5 I4. . . 7
I5 eJ xe5 I6 xe5 fxeJ I7
xf7 | 6 I8 2 c5 I xg5+
etc . , and he exchanges the Oenac-
ing A4 . oWever , such a so1id
defence of the king, as he hiO-
se1f Wrecked With one care1ess
Oove II4 e5 , a1ready cannot be
set up. )
I5 c4 A6 I6 J
( Threatening I7 xe6 fxe6 I8 6+
etc . )
I6. . 6
j I f I6. . 7 , then I7 xe6 fxe6
I8 6+ 8 I h6+ 8 20 xg5
7 2I e6+ and White obtains
three paWns for the exchange . |
I7 h4|
( typica1 and above a11 We11-
tiOed b1oW to the paWn chain,
Which is characteristic for the
King s aObit . 61ack s position
cruOb1es in a feW Ooves . )
I7. . . g4
( 61ack avoids serious Oateria1
1oss on1y in the event of
I7. . . gxh4 I8 5 6 | jI8. . . g4
I xh4 AfJ 20 xf4 and White
has undoubted1y the better posit-
ion| I wg6+ fxg6 20 xh6 7 2I
xh4, escaping With the 1oss of a
paWn, as I7. . . O7 1oses far Oore :
I8 xg5 | 7 I Af4 xe5 20 e5
f6 2I xe6 etc . The Oove chosen
by hibin is a1so bad . )
I8 5 | 7 I f4 7 20 xe6
fxe6 2I xe6 f6
( uOOing up, White has tWo extra
paWns and a strong attack . With
the fo11oWing six Oove Oanoeuvre ,
Chigorin obtains a decisive Oat-
eria1 advantage . )
22 e1 f8 2J 96 xe6 24 xe6
f6 25 e8+ f8 26 4+ 7
j I f 26. . . 8 , then 27 5 .|
27 e7
( he rest is of no interest . )
27. . . xd6 28 xg7+ &g7 2 5
6 J0 wa7 7 JI 5 6 J2 gJ
j 6etter than J2 h5 gJ JJ I f7+
J4 &I f4.|
J2. . . e2 JJ &5 xb2 J4 wg4 6
J5 h5 8 J6 &4+ 7 J7 w5+ 7
J8 &6 e2
j I f J8. . .8 J g4 f7 , then 40
g5 xg5 4I 6+ and White Wins
easi1y . |
24
J &5+ I-0
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin ( )
and Chigorin j | .
84 Chigorin - i11sbury
( Exhibition 0aOe , MoscoW I02)
King s 0aObit 0ec1ined
I e4 e5 2 f4 d5 J exd5 e4 4 5+
jn o1d continuation. The
"arobok" right1y recoOOends 4
J. |
4. . . c6 5 dxc6 bxc6
( fter 5. . . c6 I Wou1d have re-
p1ied 6 cJ, in order to avoid the
necessary capture of knight With
bishop in the We11-knoWn variat-
ion 6 d4 5+ | 7 J 4 etc . )
6 4 f6 7 d4 96
(i11sbury acknoW1edged at the
end of the gaOe that 61ack s
attack on the f4 paWn, in conun-
ction With the transfer of the
queens knight via d7 and b6 to
d5 , is refuted by the defence
app1ied in the present gaOe j see
White s th and 10th Ooves | .
Therefore it seeOs that 61ack
shou1d p1ay at once 7. . . d7 in
order to not give White tiOe to
Oanoeuvre his king s knight via
e2 to gJ, and the bishop to e2 . )
8 2 d7
( In the "andbuch" the variation
8. . . 0-0 0-0 4 etc . is given,
With the reOark that . . . d7 I0
cJ 6 II J is stronger . In
this case , after . . . d7 , I
Wou1d a1so rep1y I0 J and not
I0 cJ . )
J| 6 I0 2 |
( The bishop occupies its best
position, preventing the various
61ack attacks Which are possib1e
When the queen 's bishop goes to
the a6 or g4 squares )
I0 d5 I I 0-0 7 I2J |
( paWn sacrifice . My opponent
does not take it in vieW of the
fo11oWing variation: I2. . . Oxf4 IJ
xe4 Oxe4 I4 Oxe4 Oxe2+ I5 we2
Ah2 I6 1 00 I7 gJ AgJ I8
2 6 I 6 j if I. . . f6 then
20 Oxd6 | . )
I 2. . . OxcJ IJ bxcJ 0-0 I4 c4 c5 I5
d5
( This is better than I5 cJ . 61ack
Wou1d then rep1y I5. . 96 , forc-
ing White into the Oove d5 , after
Which the cJ paWn Wou1d preven
White froO carrying out an attack
on the a1-h8 diagona1 )
I5 . &8 I6 J 8
j 61ack does not have in the pos-
ition sufficient coOpensation for
the gaObit paWn: he shou1d p1ay a
Waiting gaOe , best of a11 by
Oeans of 8 , 7 etc . The fo11-
oWing unfortunate Oanoeuvre Weak-
ens the king ' s f1ank |
I7 8 I8 1 f5 I J Of6
( Necessary . 0therWise White p1ays
5 .)
20 OJ 7 2I J b8 22 5
Oxh5 2J Ah5 &c8 24 gJ
( I Was asked Why I did not p1ay
afraid of the Oove . . 4 ,
second1y , the Oove gJ is necess-
ary for defence of the f4 paWn,
so as to be ab1e to doub1e rooks
on the b-fi1e and transfer the
bishop to cJ Where it occupies a
strong position , third1y , because
after 24 2 61ack Wou1d siOp1y
rep1y 24. . . a6 and if White is to
be "consistent" , that is to con
tinue his p1an of attack by p1ay-
ing 25 95 , then the rook Oove
Wi11 not be prevented after 254 . .
W7 26 gJ 4, a1ready With the
doub1e threat of . . . 4 and
xc4 . )
24. . 4 25 2 a5 26 2 a4 27
2 cb8 28 fb1
j It is c1ear that after 28 Ab4?
the queen Wou1d have no square
for retreat . |
28. . b6 2 2 xb2
j orced . 0n 2 . 8 , for ex-
aOp1e , a1ready fo11oWs J0 xb4
cxb4 JI Ab4 O7 J2 cJ etc . |
J0 xb2 O8 JI J 8
24 92 to prevent . . . 4. To this J2 5 |
I Oight rep1y that I Was not j Hefined p1ay . t first sight it
250
seeOs that White Wants to pro-
voke a Weakening of the 61ack
position by the Oove . . . g6 . In
rea1ity , hoWever , the Oove pre-
pares the threat of Ag7 | |
J2. . . 8
j b1under . e shou1d p1ay J2. . .
f8 | Less good, on the other
hand, Wou1d be J2. . . xb2 because
of JJ Ab2 fo11oWed by J4 J
( JJ. . . 4 is of course bad in
vieW of J4 wb4 cxb4 J5 94 |
etc . ) . |
(i11sbury does not foresee
White ' s coObination With the
bishop sacrifice , but he cou1d
not have saved the gaOe by p1ay-
ing J2. . . g6 . In genera1 terOs
White retreats the bishop , ex-
changes rooks , then p1ays the
bishop to b2 or aI and the queen
to cJ, according to 61ack ' s Oove ,
and exp1oits the open aI-h8 dia-
gona1 . )
JJ Ag7+ | 7
( I f JJ. . . g7 , then J4 J+ 8
j J4. . . A5 is no he1p| J5 &6 | and
61ack , in order to save hiOse1f
froO Oate in four Ooves j starting
With f7+ | , Oust sacrifice a
bishop . White , having tWo extra
paWns , Oust of course Win . )
J4 J 8 J5 5 I-0
j Notes by Chigorin ( ) and 6ogo1-
]ubov j | . |
85 Chigorin - Maroczy
(ienna I0J)
King' s 0aObit ccepted
25I
I e4 e5 2 f4 exf4 J A4 d5 4 Ad5
4+ 5 I g5
( This systeO is considered quite
proOising for 61ack . 6y giving
back the paWn, he frees the Way
for a quick deve1opOent of his
pieces , Whi1e the king , deprived
of cast1ing, cou1d cause White
troub1e . )
6 gJ |
j I do not reOeOber With WhoO, and
When I first p1ayed this attack .
p to noW I have no grounds to
suppose that it is unfavourab1e
for White . |
( Chigorin g1ad1y p1ayed this
astute Oove , Which a11oWs White
various possibi1ities - froO a
favourab1e ear1y exchange of
queens j in the event of 6. . . fxgJ|
to a characteristica11y sharp
King ' s 0aObit position after 6 4
6. )
6. . . fxgJ 7 &J|
( The Oove 7 2 is Oore roOantic
than strong . The siOp1e 7. . . 96
sets White difficu1t prob1eOs
since it threatens 8. . . gxh2 , and
the attack 8 e5 Ae5 w2 O4 I0
Af7+ f7 II fJ is refuted by
the effective II. . . J+ | Chigorin
a1so defends the I and Wants to
p1ay 8 hxgJ , but Oore iOportant1y
he creates Oating threats and ob-
1iges 61ack to occupy hiOse1f
With organising a defence . )
7. . . g2+
(61ack does not Want to a11oW the
open hfi1e . )
8 g2 6 J|
( rather surprising j for the
King ' s 0aObit| , but a1so quite
correct decision in the position.
The exchange of queens is favour-
ab1e for White . )
. . . 6
( 61ack cannot avoid the exchange
j . . 5 I0 w5+ | and Wants to
iediate1y deterOine the charac-
ter of the position. In addition,
at the cost of doub1ed paWns , he
reckons on obtaining p1ay on the
g-fi1e . fter . . . A5 cou1d fo11
oW I0 d4| A d4 I I fJ gJ+ I2
hxgJ $7 IJ xg5 With the better
gaOe for White . )
I0 h4| gxh4 II d4 8+ I2 1
g6 IJ e5
( 61ack has indeed obtained count-
erp1ay based on the rook on the
g-fi1e and White has to so1ve
severa1 prob1eOs connected With
the deve1opOent of his pieces .
Chigorin takes aWay the f6 square
froO the rook and, in addition,
defends the g2 square With the
bishop , Oaking possib1e the dev-
e1opOent of the king ' s knight .
oWever , for this he has to con-
cede the f5 square . )
IJ. . . 7 I4 4
( Chigorin does not Want to ex-
change the White squared bishop -
I4 4J c6 I5 4 9f5, though , in
our opinion, after I6 h6 | A e4
I7 xe4 xh6 I8 fJ , White s pos-
ition possib1y deserves the pre
ference . )
252
I4. . . f5
j 0n I4. . . f5 , White cou1d rep1y I5
9fJ . |
I54J g4 I6e2 46 I7 9fJ
( critica1 OoOent . 61ack , by re-
treating the rook , gives White
the chance to reinforce the d4
paWn and gradua11y take over the
initiative . 0eserving serious
attention is the exchange sacrif-
ice I7. . . fxd4 I8 A g4 g4 I
xd4 xd4, and if 20 g1, then
20. . . fJ | j but not 20. . . J+ 2I
2 0-0-0 22 $5 , or 20. . . h5 2I
5| . )
I7. . . 8 I8O5 | 8 I cJ a6
( 61ack seeOs to have 1ost the
thread. Neverthe1ess the knight
Wi11 trave1 on to aJ, even if
61ack does not drive it aWay but
Oakes a usefu1 deve1oping Oove
jI. . . 7 | . )
20 aJ f6
j It is difficu1t to indicate a
Oove Which Wou1d iOprove 61ack ' s
position. |
2I 5+ &7 22 exf6+ f6 2J f4|
j strong Oove , fina11y p1acing
61ack in a "vice" . |
( 61ack ' s position has deteriorat-
ed. The king is ridicu1ous1y
p1aced , b1ocking the Way of the
Which in turn Oeans that the
8 reOains out of p1ay . )
2J. . . Ofe7 24 2 f5 25 6
( Though 61ack ' s 1ast three Ooves
appear to be the Oost expedient ,
his position reOains very diffic-
u1t . higorin does not hurry and
first of a11 iOproves the coord-
ination of his rooks . )
26 2
j"higorin finds a fine Oove ,
Which evokes our airation" .
ch1echter . |
26. . . hJ 27 g |
( NoW White seizes the g-fi1e and
the threat of 28. . . Oxf4 and 2. . .
2+ is neutra1ised. )
27. . . 7 28 |
( very strong Oove . White not
on1y renders the Oove 28. . . 4+
harO1ess , but a1so Wants to der-
ive benefit froO the vis-a-vis of
his rook and the 61ack king . )
28. . . 2 g4 f8 J0 2 g4+
JI xg4
( NoW the hJ paWn is 1ost . The
Oost tenacious resistance Was to
be shoWn by J. . . f7 , though
61ack has no serious chances of
saving the gaOe . Instead of this ,
he over1ooks the 1oss of a
piece . )
J. . . f5 J2 Oxg6 | I-0
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin ( )
and higorin j | . |
86 i11sbury - higorin
(ienna J0J)
King ' s 0aObit ccepted
J e4 e5 2 f4 exf4 J OfJ g5 4 h4
g4 5 O5 Of6 6 4
( onteOporary theory considers
the strongest Oove to be 6 d4 ,
after Which there begins a coO-
p1icated and sharp strugg1e With
chances for both sides The con-
tinuation chosen by i11sbury
1iOits White ' s possibi1ities and
a11oWs 61ack to strike a counter-
b1oW in the centre and obtain
coOp1ete1y equa1 chances . )
6. . . d5 | 7 exd5 6
( The other re1iab1e continuation
is considered to be 7. . . g . )
8 d4
( 8 5+ seeOs rather adventurous
in vieW of 8 . . c6 | dxc6 0-0 J0
cxb7 b7 . )
8. . . 0-0 f4
( s1ight inaccuracy Which hig-
orin, With his fine fee1ing for
a11 the nuances of the King' s
0aObit , exp1oits in the very best
Way . White ought to have cast1ed ,
0-0, When 61ack, to avoid the
1oss of the f4 paWn, Wou1d have
to rep1y . . . 5 , and after J0
Oxg4| h4 jI. . J IJ f 4| IJ
2 8 I2 OfJ 6 IJ4J4 J4
O2 Od7 , there arise coOp1icat-
ions in Which there are Oore
prospects for White than he ob
tains in the gaOe . )
o 4 4 5
( critica1 OoOent in the gaOe .
25J
Moving aWay the bishop, for ex-
aOp1e I0 6 , 1eads to a c1ear
advantage for 61ack after I0. . .
e8 I I 0-0 wh4 on I0 0-0,
strong Wou1d be siOp1y I04 4 4 wh4
With the crude threat of I I . . .
e5 and gJ .)
I0 gJ f6 |
( trict1y speaking , a1so
I04 4 Oxf4 II gxf4 favours 61ack,
but Chigorin chooses the Oost
effective Way of refuting White s
opening strategy . )
I I OJ OxgJ | I2 gJ
( sad necessity . In the event of
I2 gJ , 61ack Wou1d a1so obtain
the attack - and no 1ess strong -
by I2. . . 8+ IJ O5 fxe5 | )
I2. . . gJ+ I J &J w8
( The advance of the f-paWn is
a1so unp1easant for White , but
Chigorin prefers a piece attack . )
I4 4J
( second and this tiOe disast-
rous inaccuracy . White shou1d not
a11oW the queen into his position
and, With this in Oind, shou1d
p1ay I4 w2 . fter the exchange
of queens , I4. . . we2+ I5 &e2 f5 ,
and on the avoidance of it , I4. . .
6 I5 h5 6 I6 2 96 I7 2 |
wd2+ I 8 Oxd2 f5 I fJ f4 20
O4 fJ+ 2I &2 | O7 , there arises
a sharp position Which is a1so
favourab1e for 61ack . )
I4. . . wJ | I5 w2
( pparent1y i11sbury intended I5
O5, but ]ust in tiOe saW the
stunning rep1y I5. . . 8 | after
Which the threat to annihi1ate
the OJ , the defender of the f2
square , by I6. . . 9f5 is irresist
ib1e The other Way of defending
the d4 paWn, by I5 O2 , is a1so
insufficient I54 o 4 J+ I6 I
9f5 I7 J? wJ+ I8 Of2 A4 etc . )
I5. . wd4 I6 w4
( Though he has 1ost a paWn,
i11sbury neverthe1ess offers an
exchange of queens in order to
save hiOse1f froO an intensific
ation of the attack hoWever ,
Chigorin refuses to exchange . )
I6. . . O6 | I7 2 f5 I8 w7 96 I
5+ 8 20 f1 4 2I Of4 | 8 |
( 2I . . . wc4 is not p1ayab1e be-
cause of 22 6+ | hxg6 27 6+
With a draW, but 61ack cou1d
siOp1y retreat by 2I. . . 7 . oW-
ever , Chigorin conducts an accur
ate1y ca1cu1ated p1an of active
defence , based on the unstab1e
White pieces in the centre . )
22 6 O7 |
(NoW 22. . . wc4 Wou1d even 1ose
after 2J 6+ g7 24 5 , and on
22M M W 9f8 Wou1d again fo11oW 2J
6+ | 6y defending the f6 square ,
254
Chigorin threatens to take the
bishop. )
2J J f8 | 24 5Of6 25
( NoW We see the hidden strength
of the Oove 22. . . O | The White
queen, not 1ong ago active, noW
finds itse1f in a trap and in
order to save it White is forced
to exchange the Of4, thereby
c1earing the Way for the 61ack
f-paWn. )
26 5|
( 0n 26O6 Wou1d fo11oW 26. . . Ae6
2 e6 f4 and . . . fJ+ . i11sbury
tries to prevent the advance of
the f-paWn, but goes out of the
frying pan into the fire . )
26. . . Oxh5 2 h5 wJ|
( NoW the White king is sub]ected
to threats froO the entire 61ack
arOy . )
28 Af5 J+ 2 2 Af5 J0 f5
A5+ JJ &J e8+ J2 O2 f8
0-J
( sp1endid exaOp1e of an active-
1y conducted strugg1e in one of
the sharpest variations of the
King ' s 0aObit . The gaOe once
again deOonstrates hoW far ahead
of his conteOporaries Chigorin
Was in his understanding of the
King ' s 0aObit. )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin . |
8 Laser - Chigorin
( 4th Match 0aOe , 6righton J0J)
King s 0aObit ccepted
J e4 e5 2 f4 exf4 J OfJ g5 4 h4
g4 5 O5 Of6 6 A4 d5 exd5 6
8 00 Ae5 eJ w J0 cJ fJ
( The Hice 0aObit Was not destined
to 1ive a 1ong 1ife , though the
cp1icated and sharp positions
arng in it attracted Oany
p1ayers. The fact of the Oatter
is that 61ack is not ob1iged to
enter the Oain variation of the
gaObit . s Was discovered 1ater ,
he can obtain good counterchances
by p1aying J0. . . O l d4 5 .
This , by the Way , is hoW the
gaOes Ma1utn-Chigorin and
Koya1ovich-Chigorin, continued in
the theOatic tournaOent organised
by Hice in etersburg J05 . The
further course of these gaOes
shoWed the idea of 61ack ' s count-
erattack : J2 5 j Chigorin
effective1y refuted the Oove J2
g4 Oade by Koya1ov ich : J2. . .
Of6 , and 61ack has a Oiserab1e
choice : JJ w2 4 J4 e5 4e5
J5 xe5 6 | J6 dxe6 f5 | or 1J
5 Ad4+ J4 &J e+ | | J5 &eJ
h6 | | J2. . . 8 1J Ad Ad J4
xe5 h4 J5 xh5 h5 J6 Af4
e8 j threatening J . . . gJ| | J 5
xe5 J8 dxe5 e5 J J J+ 20
J a5 | 2J J 5 22 J a6 2J
c4 6+ etc . )
J J d4 O4 J2 xe4 2+ JJ &h2
e4 J4 gJ
( The gaOes in the Lasker-Chigorin
Oatch a11 began With this basic
position of the Hice 0aObit. )
J4. . . 0-0
( or the sacrificed exchange ,
White has tWo bishops , strong
255
paWns on the d-fi1e and chances
of attack in connection With the
possibi1ity of penetrating With
the queen to h6 . MeanWhi1e , it is
not easy to get near the White
king , since the basic point of
invasion - the e2 square - is
defended by the bishop . It is not
possib1e to give a siOp1e assess-
Oent of this position and the
stereotyped phrase "the chances
for both sides are approxiOate1y
equa1" is very appropriate here . )
I5 f4
( Keres , in his opening handbook,
indicates the best Oethod of
attack as being the variation I5
J d5 I6 2 j I6 c4 O5 | |
after Which the threat O6 , in
his opinion, coOp1ete1y equa1ises
the chances The Oove chosen by
asker is 1ogica1 Whi1e creating
a threat to the c7 paWn, he pre-
pares to bring into p1ay the
pieces on the queen' s f1ank . )
I5 & |
( 0f a11 the possib1e rep1ies,
this is the Oost iOportant and
interesting 61ack does not Worry
about the c7 paWn, but prepares
an invasion on the e-fi1e . The
threat is I6. . . wI . 6esides I5 .
& there are soOe other contin-
uations , Which We give With Chig-
orin' s assessOents
( I ) I5. . b5 I6 b5 96 I7 c4
b5 J | - "and the paWn has
been given up for nothing" .
( 2) I5 . f5 I6 2 | 2 j I6. . .
256
7 I7 f fo11oWed by 5 etc .|
I7 c2 c2 I8 f and "in vieW
of the threat I J , 61ack Oust
Worry about the defence of the g4
paWn" .
( J) I5. . . c6 I6 2 j "The best
rep1y is I6 J, as Was p1ayed in
the Jrd gaOe , ending in a draW" |
I6 . 6 I7 wI j "With the idea
of occupying the e-fi1e With the
queen and rook , but White ' s p1an
is shoWn to be unsound aving
bishop for rook , White Oust
strive for p1ay on the diagona1 ,
and therefore better is I7 J . "
6ogo1]ubov | I7 . . f5 I8 w7 7
I &I cxd5 j It Wou1d be bad for
61ack to Win the queen for tWo
rooks I. . e 20 e xe 2I
xe8 7 - or 2I . f 22 d6 - 22
dxc6 bxc6 2J &7 | 20 d5 j I f
White p1ays 20 5 , then 61ack ,
noW not fearing the attack, cou1d
Win the queen for tWo rooks .|
20. . . f6 2I b7 ae 22 xe j I f
22 A5 A 2J J , then 2J . . . J
24 f xd5 25 d5 2+ and Oate
in three Ooves | 22 . xe 2J A5
A 24 6 2 | 25 f7+ &8 | 0-I
j I f 26 6+ then 26. . . &7 | |, Was
hoW the 2nd gaOe of the asker
Chigorin Oatch ended )
I6d2 6 I7 f
(I7 c7 Wou1d 1ead to a trans-
position of Ooves . )
I 7 . . . f5 4 7 I c7
diagraO
( With the Win of the c7 paWn,
White has not on1y restored Oat-
eria1 equa1ity , but a1so obtains
the d6 squate for the knight ,
Which , in con]unction With a sub-
sequent c4, shou1d proOise hiO
good prospects in the centre . )
I. . Of6 |
( It turns out that White ' s prob-
1eOs are far froO siOp1e . fter
20 d6 , the bishop is 1ocked out
of the gaOe , and, on 20 6 ,
Wou1d fo11oW 20. . . 2 2I 2 7
22 5 Oxd5 2J 5 f6 etc .)
20 O5 6 2I c4
( ftet 2I 4, 61ack , as Chigorin
points out , carries out a decis-
ive invasion of his rook on e2 ,
2I. . . b5| 22 Ab5 4d5 2J Ae8
xe8 24 95 f6 j 25 OJ? 2+ | . )
2I. . . J |
( n unp1easant Oove . ince 22
Wou1d 1ose the vety iOpottant d4
paWn, asker a11oWs the 61ack
queen into f2 and goes va banque ,
counting on breaking through With
the queen to the 61ack king . )
22 W1 2+ 2J O4 |
257
(et another unp1easantness . In
order to defend hiOse1f against
Oate, White Oust take aWay the
knight froO e5 and open the
e-fi1e . )
24 OJ OxgJ+
( precise1y ca1cu1ated action.
61ack a11oWs the queen to g5 ,
since it has no avai1ab1e sup-
port . )
25 AgJ gJ 26 5+ 6 27 O5
( White Oust cover the e-fi1e
again, since if 27 h5 , iOOediate-
1y decisive is 27W W M 2 | oWever ,
there fo11oWs a conc1usive coO-
bination. )
27. . . f2 28 2 h6 |
( It is necessaty to unpin the
bishop , so that after 2 &6
xe5 , there is not the rep1y J0
dxe5 j because of J0. . . 4 | | )
2 h6
( There ate no chances at a11 of
saving the gaOe after 2 &6 xe5
J0 e5 h4+ JI 2 5 J2 J
5+ JJ 2 gJ J4 h5 Ah5 J5
f 8 J6 d6 e etc . )
2. . . xe5 J0 dxe5 we5
( Chigotin consistent1y carries
out his intended p1an. The other
Way - J0. . . 4 | JI 5+ 8 J2
6+ &8 JJ 8+ 7 J4 e6+ &7 |
J5 d6+ e6 J6 6+ f6 , he reck-
oned to be 1onger . )
JI f gJ J2 5 g5 JJ hxg5
7 | J4 9fJ 9J 0-I
( This gaOe cou1d serve as a text-
book exaOp1e of the p1aying of a
shatp position. )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin. |
88 Chigorin - Marco
( CaObridge Springs I04)
rench 0efence
I e4 e6 2 w2 c5 J f4 A7 4 bJ d5
5 2 Of6 6 4J
( 6y advancing the paWn to e5 ,
White Wou1d gain space in the
centre but 1iOit the prospects of
his b1ack squared bishop . Instead
of this , he teOpts his opponent
to advance the d5 paWn, after
Which the c4 square cou1d prove
handy as an outpost for the White
pieces . )
64 = o 46 7 OfJ O4
( With an incoOp1ete deve1opOent ,
such an operation Wi11 se1doO be
successfu1 . Cast1ing king ' s side
is safer )
8 J dxe4
( 61ack shou1d go back With the
knight and then cast1e . This ex-
change in the centre not on1y
does not ease his position, but ,
on the contrary , a11oWs White to
bring his White squared bishop to
a different position and take the
initiative .)
Oxe4 Oxe4 I0 e4 fJ+ I I fJ
0-0
( t first sight it seeOs , after
the inevitab1e . . f6 , the gaOe
Oight quick1y end in a draW,
since it is not c1ear hoW White
can progress after those tWo
Ooves Which 61ack needs for gett-
ing out his queen s bishop j 8
and b6| . oWever , Chigorin finds
a Way to coOp1icate 61ack ' s
258
task . )
I2 J f6 IJ AJ|
( It seeOs, by agreeing to an ex-
change of his b1ack squared bish-
op, White goes into the 1east
favourab1e variation oWever , he
is endeavouring to obtain open
1ines in the centre
This position is probab1y critic-
a1 for the gaOe . 61ack Wi11 hard-
1y Oanage to equa1ise if his
White squared bishop does not
have so active a participation in
the gaOe as that of his opponent .
0f course, transferring the bish-
op to the b-h7 diagona1 in the
near future is hard1y feasib1e,
and the best he can do for the
present is to bring it to the
1ong a8-hJ diagona1 oWever , its
presence on this diagona1 Wi11
on1y be noticed if White cast1es
king ' s side and the g2 square
needs defending . This 1ast point
is particu1ar1y iOportant in the
event of o 4 4 AcJ , hoWever , 61ack
is not ob1iged to exchange first .
is c5 paWn contro1s the d4
square and 61ack cou1d reinforce
it With IJ. . . 94 | and then, after
. . . 8 , bring the White squared
bishop into p1ay . This Wou1d give
hiO the Oost practica1 chance of
equa1isation. )
IJ. . . A cJ I4 dxcJ
( 61ack not on1y 1oses contro1
over the d4 square , but a1so Wi11
be forced to Oove his queen off
the d-fi1e . ince he can hard1y
Oove aWay Without the Oove . . . g6 ,
it is Worth provoking White to
cast1e king s side by p1aying
I4. . . O5 , in order to safeguard
hiOse1f against the Oarch of the
paWn, h4h5 , and then, by Ooving
the queen to c7 , concern hiOse1f
With the transfer of the bishop
to the a8hI diagona1 . In this
case , 61ack cou1d sti11 count on
equa1isation. 6ut , instead of
this , he drives the queen to the
edge of the board in order to
prevent his opponent cast1ing
king ' s side | )
I4. . . 4+ I5 gJ J
( It seeOs that 61ack in this Way
Wanted to defend the h7 square
Without Weakening the paWn chain
With the Oove g6 . oWever , it
soon transpires that the advance
of the g7 paWn is sti11 necessary
in order to save the queen, per-
ched on the edge of the board . )
I6 00-0 8 I7 eI b6 I8 5 |
g6
( I8. . . 7 Was s1ight1y Oore
accurate, but the tiOe that 61ack
25
gains - I w2 g6 20 &2 d8
does not faci1itate his defence . )
I &2 8 20 gI 7 2I 9f
( or the present , White ' s bishop
abandons its post on dJ in order
to prepare a paWn storO on the
king ' s f1ank . 61ack has no count-
erp1ay Whatsoever and he is ob-
1iged to Wait passive1y for the
approaching denoueOent . )
2I. . . 6 22 2 d6 2J g4 d8 24
J
( The bishop has carried out its
Oission and returns to its
attacking position. t the saOe
tiOe , it covers the afi1e and
the 61ack rooks are once again
1eft uneOp1oyed . )
24. . . 5 25 e2 A8 26 f5 exf5
(61ack Wants to 1engthen the dia-
gona1 for his bishop , but this
resu1ts in the activating of both
White rooks . 0ne stands Oaster of
the e-fi1e and obtains a sp1endid
square for invasion on e7 , the
other begins to take aiO at the
g6 square . oWever , it is diffi-
cu1t to suggest a good p1an of
defence in this position. White ,
by p1acing his bishop on c4 ,
threatens to set up poWerfu1
pressure on the e6 paWn. )
27 gxf5 5 28 fxg6 hxg6 2 7
9f5
(61ack ' s Who1e gaOe has suffered
froO the fact that the White
bishop has no opponent on the
bI-h7 diagona1 . t 1ast it
arrives , but too 1ate . fter J0
c4 or J0 xa7 , White Wou1d quick-
1y obtain a decisive Oateria1
advantage . oWever , Chigorin
overstepped the tiOe 1iOit, as he
never Oade his J0th Oove. . . . )
0-I
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin. |
8 TeichOann Chigorin
( CaObridge prings I04)
ueen' s 0aObit : Chigorin 0efence
I d4 d5 2 c4 6 J fJ $4 4 cxd5
AfJ 5 dxc6 Ac6
j With this , in Oy opinion,
favourab1e opening for 61ack , I
have had success in severa1 gaOes
against i11sbury and others . |
6 J e6 7 9f4
ji11sbury continued 7 e4 4 8
fJ. 6ut after 8. . 7 and then
. . . f5 , White s centre paWns 1ose
their iOportance . |
7. . . f6 8 eJ
( White, preferring to have the
principa1 strugg1e outside the
centre , j for 7 e4 see i11sbury-
Chigorin, etersburg I856 |
chooses a Oodest scheOe of deve1-
opOent Without pretence to ob-
taining an opening advantage . )
8. . . 4 OJ 5 J0$J 00
( The opening has resu1ted in a
s1ight advantage for 61ack . In
fact , With carefu1 ca1cu1ation,
his advantage in deve1opOent is
found to be equa1 to one teOpo ,
and , in particu1ar , this teOpo
a1so Oeans that noW 61ack can
endeavour to force his opponent
into a gaOe suited Oore to his
oWn sty1e of p1ay . robab1y ,
after the cautious I I 2 j not
good is I I e4? cJ I2 bxcJ
because of I2o 4 4 95 IJ J b6|,
With a subsequent transfer of the
bishop to fJ , White Wou1d not ex-
perience any difficu1ty, but to
his Oisfortune he chooses a Oore
active square for the bishop . )
I I J? 5 |
( It is Oore desirab1e for White
to cast1e king s side and Chig-
orin natura11y strives to prevent
this : I2 0-0 AcJ IJ bxcJ xeJ|
White ought to unpin his knight
by p1aying I2 &J | With the
threat of IJ xd5 . The exchange
I2. . . AcJ IJ bxcJ Wou1d strength-
en White s centre and Oake the
position of the 5 precarious .
The sacrifice I2. . . xeJ+ IJ fxeJ
weJ appears to be incorrect be-
cause of I4 2 j With the threat
of I5 9f4 . oWever , TeichOann
does not sense the danger and
does not notice the Oove I2. . . f5
after Which he has to urgent1y
cast1e on the queen 's side .)
I2 2? f5 IJ 5 f7 I4 0-0-0
AcJ I5 bxcJ b5 |
diagraO
j 0n 1ooking at the apparent1y so
so1id position of White , Who hiO
se1f is ready to attack on the
king s f1ank , it is difficu1t to
be1ieve that in on1y I2 Ooves his
260
king position, at ptesent fat te-
Ooved ftoO the inf1uence of the
61ack pieces , Wi11 be coOp1ete1y
touted : the Oote so, since the
p1ayet of the White pieces Was a
ptoOinent Oastet of defence - but
his opponent an incoOpatab1e
Oastet of attack . 0tekov . |
( ete We have the tesu1t of
diffeting conceptions of a posit
ion White has Oade Ooves Which
seeO to be of a high qua1ity , but
his position soon changes ftoO
s1ight1y Wotse to hope1ess . 6ot-
vinnik Wtote in the Oagazine
"Chess in the SSH" jNo 2 I4|
as tegatds the position, "61ack ' s
Oove , I 5 . . . b5 , secutes an iOpteg-
nab1e position fot the centta1is-
ed knight on d5 . We notice the
saOe teinfotced knight in the
centte j With he1p ftoO the tWo
paWns on b5 and f5 | in ana1ogous
positions teached by gtandOastet
NiOzovitch a quattet of a centuty
1atet. . . .
I t is patadoxica1 that the basic
dtaWback of White s position 1ies
in the "sttong" position of the
White bishop on e5 , even though
a11 White s hopes ate obvious1y
p1aced on this bishop . 6ut this
White bishop cannot patticipate
in the defence of his king in the
position Whete 61ack undettakes
an enetgetic countetattack . 0n1y
fout Ooves ate tequited and
61ack ' s attack Wi11 be ittesist
ib1e .
This position cou1d occut today .
0espite the fact that chess tech-
nique has advanced gteat1y, con-
teOpotaty Oastets Wou1d not be
ashaOed to p1ay such a gaOe , and
What is Oote they Wou1d be ptoud
of it. 6ut Chigotin p1ayed this
gaOe 44 yeats ago | " |
I6 g1 w7 | I 7 df1
j So that aftet I7. . . J+ I8 &2
b4 and . . 94, the queen and took
ate not both undet attack by the
bishop . The Oove I7 2 Wou1d not
ptevent 61ack ftoO continuing his
ditect attack on the king, fot
exaOp1e : I7. . 8 I8 g4 b4 I c4
4J 20 df1 4+ 2I I j even
Wotse is 2I I | bJ 22 axbJ J+
2J 2 xbJ and 61ack Wins at
1east a bishop. |
26I
I7 . . J I8 &2 b4| I c4 94|
20 4J
j "61oW aftet b1oW| Chigotin as
a1Ways , conducts the attack With
enotOous enetgy " Sch1echtet |
2I 1 d
( usefu1 Oove, aftet Which
White ' s atteOpt to un1ock the A5
fot defence of his king , by d5 ,
Wou1d 1ead to an iOOediate cata-
sttophe because of the opened
d-fi1e . tobab1y White Wou1d have
he1d out fot an extta 5 ot 6
Ooves With 22 fJ, but noW fo11oWs
a fotcing and quick finish . )
22 gJ 4+ 2J &2
( ftet 2J Ae4 fxe4, White, to
defend against 24. . . OJ+ , Oust
p1ay 24 I , but then 24. . . J+
25 &2 A2 is decisive . )
2J. . . 45 | 24 I
ftet 24 I , 61ack Wou1d Win
the queen by 24. . OJ .|
24. . . OxdJ 25 dJ a2+ 26 &J
A2 0-I
( 0ne of the Oastetpiees ftoO the
tteasute house of chess . ttue
c1assic . Chigotin's sttategy in
the fitst ha1f of the gaOe Was
high1y ptofound yet ctysta1-c1eat
as Was his accutate , poWetfu1 and
1ightning attack on the king. 0ne
such gaOe bestoWs upon the Winnet
chess iotta1ity . )
Notes by asyukov and Nikitin ( )
and Chigotin | . |
0 Ma1utin - Chigotin
( etetsbutg I04)
Evans 0aObit
I e4 e5 2 OfJ 46 J A4 A5 4 b4
Ab4
( Chigotin Was a connoisseut of
the Evans 0aObit . e Was a
vittuoso When p1aying White ,
Whete the initiative Was a feat-
soOe Weapon in his hands . oWevet
262
Chigotin cou1d a1so defend
active1y and, Without Waiting fot
a Oistake by the opponent , Wou1d
take steps to seize the initiat-
ive by coObinative Oeans . The
ptesent gaOe Wi11 convince the
teadet of this . )
5 cJ A5 6 0-0 d6 7 d4 exd4 8
cxd4 6
( In the 1ast quattet of the pte-
vious centuty , this position
undetWent Oany fine ptactica1
ttia1s and ana1yses, but Without
coOing to any fina1 vetdict . NoW-
adays , theoteticians considet it
favoutab1e fot 61ack , but this is
based on inadequate ana1ytica1
teseatch . It is a pity that the
Evans 0aObit is noW a vety tate
visitot to toutnaOents as this
Oeans thete is no incentive fot
ana1ytica1 teseatch . )
d5
(Chigotin used to p1ay 4J
hete , and this seeOs to Oe to be
the sttongest continuation. )
. . . 5 I0 2 7 | II J
( White Oust a1teady be a1ett . II
Ag7 Wou1d 1ose because of the
effective coObination: II. . . g8
I2 f6 4c4 IJ 4+ O7 I4 c4
xg2+ | I5 I J I6 Od2 $4 I7
J 0-0-0 | I8 Ae7 g8 I I
AfJ 20 OxfJ Af2 and 61ack
Wins . )
II. . . 0-0 I2 4J 6 IJ2 $4
( astet 6e1avenets consideted an
iOOediate IJ. . . c5 to be the
sttongest hete , and if I4 O2 , to
tep1y I4o 4 4 f6 I5 c1 O5 I6 1
OxdJ I7 wdJ w8 . Chigotin p1ays
diffetent1y and it is intetesting
to note that 1atet he does not
atteOpt to exchange his centta1-
ised knight fot the White bishop,
though this possibi1ity ptesents
itse1f. )
I4 OI c5 I5 J f6 I6 O2 AfJ
I7 gxfJ O5 I8 w2 8 I c1
O8 20 I c4| 2I f4 6 22 5
c7
( Heaching a vety intetesting
position. 0espite the extta paWn,
61ack ' s position seeOs dangetous .
ossib1y the sttongest continuat-
ion of the attack noW Was 2J g1
fo11oWed by gJ . )
2J f5 O5 24 f4 O7 25 2 45 26
fJ w8 |
( This Oove is patt of a sutptis
ing coObination. )
27 J 4| 28 cJ | 2 AcJ
OxcJ J0 xcJ
( NoW 61ack cannot p1ay J0. . . xcJ
because of JI wg7 Oate , but a1-
teady on the 26th Oove Chigotin
had foteseen this position and
ptepated the fo11oWing sutptise . )
J0. . . wh5 | |
( spec

tacu1at and fine1y ca1cu1-

ated coObination. Chigotin goes
ovet to the attack and catties it
out in enetgetic sty1e . )
JI xh5 xcJ J2 2 eJ |
( The took gets behind eneOy
1ines . The position of the White
king ptoves to be insecute . )
JJ h4 8 J4 e5
( In seatch of countetp1ay , White
is fotced to offet this sactif-
ice . )
J4. . . dxe5 J5 d6 1+ J6 2 J+
J7J J+ J8 4 44
( The White king is in a ttap .
What is thete to do? f J wb7
then J. . . OJ+ 40 &J Of1+ | 4I
2 xc2+ 42 1 J Oate . White
finds the 1ast chance to put up
tesistance . )
J xh7+ &h7 40 5 Oxd6 4I fxe5
xe5 42 6+ 8 4J J+ xbJ |
( With this Oove , the Oain point ,
the gaOe is ovet . NoW 61ack ' s
Oatetia1 advantage took ,
bishop, knight and tWo paWns fot
the queen is fat too gteat . It
is equiva1ent to an extta piece .
Thete fo11oWed. . . . )
44 axbJ xf5+ 45 4 J 46
fJ+ 47 2 f2+ 48 1 f4 4 h5
f5 50 4 9f4 5I b4 O4 52 &J
xh5+ 5J I g5+ 54 1 J+ 55
2 Of5+ 56 &1 J 57 wb7 6
58 2 6 5 8+ O7 60 w4+ f5
0-I
( gaOe of ttue attistic qua1ity .
The coObination With the queen
26J
sacifice is very iOpressive . )
j otes by Hagosin. |
I Taubenhaus - Chigorin
( 0stende I05 )
Spanish
I e4 e5 2 OfJ46 J 5 a6 4 a4
Of6 5 - A7 6 I b5 7 J d6 8
cJ 00
( oWadays , this is the standard
position of the Spanish 0aOe . )
dJ 4
( ConteOporary opening theory con-
siders the pin of the OfJ pre-
Oature With the paWn on dJ , since
White transfers his OI via d2,
fI and eJ, With gain of teOpo . )
I0Od2 8 I I Ofl d5 | ?
( pparent1y Chigorin considered
that in a quiet gaOe he Wou1d for
a 1ong tiOe be confined to re-
pairing the Weakness of the d5
and f5 squares , he therefore pre-
fers to sacrifice a paWn to
sharpen the gaOe . )
I2 exd5
( hasty decision. fter I2 OJ
fJ j I2. . . A6 IJ exd5 4d5 I4
Oxd5 d5 I5 Oxe5| IJ fJ dxe4
I4 dxe4 5 I5 A2 g6 , White has
possibi1ities of increasing the
pressure and 61ack has no count-
erp1ay . )
I2. . . Oxd5 IJ hJ 5 I4 g4?
( serious Weakening of the king
position. The e5 paWn cou1d be
captured under Oore favourab1e
circuOstances : I4 J g6 I5 Oxe5
4e5 I6 xe5 . fter I6. . . c6 I7 d4
264
6 I8 xe8+ e8 I 2 or I
a4, White Wou1d have a so1id pos-
ition. )
I4. . . 6 I54e5 Oxe5 I6 xe5
( It is astonishing, but before us
1ies the prototype of the Mar-
sha11 ttack , introduced into
practice after the sensationa1
gaOe , Capab1anca-Marsha11, p1ayed
in II8 , thirteen years after
this gaOe .
Marsha11 a1so p1ayed in 0stende
and it is very 1ike1y that it Was
there in particu1ar that he took
note of Chigorin' s Oethod of
counterattack beginning With the
Oove I I . 4 d5 .
In coOparison With the Wide1y
knoWn initia1 position of the
Marsha11 ttack , White has Oan-
aged to transfer the knight froO
bI to fI , but has serious1y Weak-
ened his king position by the
paWn advance to g4.
oW Chigorin cou1d p1ay I6. . . c6
and then 6 , but he intends an-
other p1an of attack - the saOe
p1an as Marsha1 1ater adopted | )
I6. . . Of6 I7 d4 6 I8 xe8+ e8
( This postion is Oore favourab1e
for 61ack than the variation of
the Marsha11 ttack after 7. . . 0-0
8 cJ d5 exd5 e4 I0 dxc6 exfJ I I
fJ 4 I 2 J 8 IJ d4 6 I4
e8+ e8 . Chigorin transfers
the g6 to a 1onger diagona1 and
thereby creates soOe strong
threats Which force White to
sti11 further Weaken the paWn
covet of his king )
I AJ A4| 2 fJ 7 2I A2
( It is difficu1t fot White to
find an active p1an. C1osing the
diagona1 of the 7 With the Oove
2I d5 is not successfu1 because
of both 21. . c6 and 2I. . . 8 )
2IW W W O5 22 J g6 2J 1 6 24
2 7
( White has coOp1eted a tegtouping
of his fotces and ptepates fot
defence is futthet activity is
designed to covet the paWn Weak-
nesses on the king ' s f1ank , Whi1e
61ack continues to sttengthen his
position. 61ack can inctease the
ptessute in tWo Ways by ttans
fetting the took to h8 and p1ay-
ing W W M h5, ot , With he1p ftoO
the took on f8 , to advance . f5 .
This 1ast p1an is the Oost un-
p1easant fot White, since he Wi11
be deptived of his 1ast suppott
in the centte - the e4 squate . )
25 2 f8 26 A4
( The tep1y 26 2 Wou1d ptevent
26 f5 , but then othet possibi1-
ities eOetge fot 61ack 26. . Of6
ot 26 b4 )
26 f5 27 gxf5 gxf5 28 A2 O7
diagtaO
( vet the 1ast feW ves , 61ack
has noticeab1y sttengthened his
position. The f5 paWn deptives
White of the e4 squate and With
it the hope of teducing the ptes-
sute on the a8-h1 diagona1 . nd
265
What is Oote , the opening of the
g-fi1e is unp1easant , not on1y
because of the thteat of invasion
by the 61ack took, but a1so With
the c1eating of the g6 squate
61ack ' s knight thteatens to uOp
to h4. )
2 $5 6 J O2 $J JI f1 h6 |
J2 AJ
(61ack ' s countetattack becoOes
c1eat . The knight is to be ttans-
fetted to h4, to inctease the
ptessute on the fJ paWn and a1so
to defend the f5 paWn, then the
took is ftee fot action on the
g-fi1e . )
J2 4 | JJ OI
( n JJ d5, good is JJ. . 6 | J4
4+ O7 and White has no tiOe
fot J5 7+ f7 J6 8 in vieW of
J6. 2+ )
JJ O7
( White is defence1ess against the
oncoOing thteats . e can neithet
seize the g-fi1e - J4 g1 OxfJ
not uti1ise the OoOent to disp1ay
soOe activity - J4 O4 - since,
in the tesu1ting coObination, J4
. . fxe4| J5 e4+ e4 J6 fxe4
f1+ J7 f1 e4+ J8 I OfJ+
J 2 O2+ 40 &gJ Oxf1+ , he is
1eft Without any pieces . )
J4 J 6 J5 9I 5 | J6 d5
( White c1oses the diagona1 of the
bishop . The ftagi1ity of this
battiet is undet1ined if on1y by
the vatiation J6 . . 8 J7 J j J7
f4 xd5| J7. . . c6 , but Chigotin no
1onget needs this diagona1 . )
J6. . . 8 J7 2
( White tties to defend against
the thteat of . . . OxfJ by tying
doWn the knight to the defence of
the f5 paWn, hoWevet , thete
fo11oWs a sp1endid tep1y and a11
becoOes c1eat . )
J7. . . c8 |
( The bishop has done its Wotk -
the bishop can 1eave . . )
J8 O4
( despetate atteOpt to divett
61ack ftoO his intended p1an of
attack . )
J8. . fxe4 J fxe4
( With the vain hope of Jw w 4 OfJ
40 e5+ . )
J . . Of5 |
( 0f coutse not the on1y, but un-
doubted1y the Oost e1egant decis-
ion. The sttugg1e is at an end. )
40 xf5 f5 4I exf5 hJ+ 0-I
( bti11iant cteative achieveOent
by Chigotin The gaOe tevea1s the
soutce of the Matsha1 ttack and
once again shoWs hoW fat ahead of
its tiOe Was the chess genius of
Chigotin. )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin. |
266
2 Chigotin - 61ackbutne
( 0stende I05)
tench 0efence
I e4 e6 2 w2 b6
(s has been tepeated1y shoWn, in
this vatiation 61ack has ptos-
pects of p1ay on the queen ' s
f1ank , thetefote any passive dev-
e1oping Oove , such as 2. . . b6 , is
out of p1ace hete . )
J f4 7 4 OfJ O7 5 4J d5 6 dJ
d4
( This te1axing of tension in the
centte p1ays into White s hands ,
as he can noW Without hindtance
ptepate an attack on the king' s
f1ank . This Chigotin does With
his usua1 ski11 . )
7 OI g6 8 Of2 7
j 61ack has not deve1oped his gaOe
We11 , both of his bishops Wi11
teOain inactive unti1 the end of
the gaOe . |
92 6 I0 h4 |
( White does not even Wait fot his
opponen to cas1e king ' s side ,
befote beginning a decisive
attack on the king s f1ank . )
04 4 4 h5 I I g4 | 7 I2 J O5
(11 the saOe , bettet hete Was
I2. . . 0-0-0. )
I J 0-0-0 45 I4 g1 4
(61ack a11oWs hiOse1f fat too
Ouch , he appatent1y consideted
his position quite sttong. oW-
evet, Chigotin convincing1y de-
Oonsttates that this is not so .
6ettet Was I4. . . 0-0-0 ot a5 . )
I5OI
( Chigotin had teOatkab1e ski11 in
hand1ing the knights in attack
and defence | In patticu1at , he
1iked to have his knight on f2,
ftoO Whee it cou1d be easi1y
ttansfetted both fot attack and
defence
gaOe . )
I5M W W 5
as in the pesent
( 61ack thteatens 9 ot Oxe4. )
I6 2 a I7 gxh5 xh
I8 g |
( stong attacking Oove , thteat-
ening not on1y xh fo11oWed by
the Win of the h paWn jaftet
5| , but also f . t the saOe
tiOe , this took Oove, pinning the
5, Oakes it difficu1t fot the
opponent to egoup his pieces
fot the attack . )
I8. . . xg5 IOxg5
( NoW thete is no defence against
the bteakthough by h5 . )
I. . . 6 20 h5 4 2I Ab4
(t fitst sight , this seeOs too
dating , since it opens up the
a-file fot 61ack , but it is nev-
etthe1ess quite cotect because
White has the Oeans to 1iquidate
61ack ' s atteOpt to obtain a coun-
teattack. )
2I. . . axb4 22 hxg6 xa2
(61ack Oust ty this, since if
22M W W fxg6 2J Oxe6 Oxe6 24 Ae6
and the White bishop on e6 def-
ends the a2 paWn . )
2J gxf7+ 7
j I f 2J. . . &7, then 24 f8() + and
then 25 O5 - and White Oust
Win . |
24 Oxe6 | I+ 25 &2
(ittua11y the Who1e of White ' s
defence is based so1e1y on the
knight on dI | )
25. . . Oxe6 26 4
j ethaps siOplet Wou1d be 26
Ae6+ &7 ( i f 26. . . e6 , then 27
4+ f7 2 7) 27 4 . |
26. . . bJ 27 g7
(Coveted in dust , Chigoin ove
1ooks an iOOediate Win: 27 e6+
8 28 &6+ | Af6 2 f8() + 8
J0 f6+ 7 JI 8+ 8 J2 d4+
&7 JJ 9f5 etc . )
27+ + 4 5+ 28 &2
( siOp1et Win is 28 cJ | dxcJ+ 2
OxcJ and 61ack is he1p1ess
against the tettib1e thteat of
f8() + . )
28o o 4 O5+ 2 &2 6
j I f 2W M W O4+ J0 2 hJ+
then JI hJ . |
J0 &6 |
j Not good Wou1d be J0 f8() Oxf8
JI f8 bxc2 J2 &6+ 5 etc . |
J0. . . bxc2 JI e6+ 5 J2 4+
5 JJ b4+ 4 J4 c2+ I-0
( The Who1e gaOe Was conducted by
267
Chigotin With youthfu1 enetgy . )
j Notes by 6ogatitchuk ( ) and
Chigotin j . |
J Chigotin - atco
( 0stende I 05)
King ' s 0aObit 0ec1ined
I e4 e5 2 f4
( Even in his dec1ining yeats ,
Chigotin teOained ttue to hiOse1f
and did not feat the coOp1icat-
ions of the King ' s 0aObit . )
2. . . A5 J fJ d6 4 A4 f6
(s is We11 knoWn, Oote active
fot 61ack is the Hubinstein
systeO, in Which 61ack teOpotat-
i1y teftains ftoO the deve1oent
of the 8 , by p1aying aftet
. . . 46, a pte1iOinaty . . . f5 . )
5 dJOd7
( This o1d Oethod of deve1opOent ,
We11 knoWn since ndetssen' s
tiOe , i s not as bad as it seeOs
at fitst sight . )
6 4J c6 7 2 b5
( n aggtessive advance , not in
keeping With 61ack ' s ctaOped pos-
ition and backWatd deve1opOent ,
and Which 1eads on1y to a Weaken-
ing of 61ack s paWn fotOation on
the queen ' s f1ank . )
8 J a5 a4
( SiOp1y aJ is a1so good . )
e 4 4 b4 I0OI
( The ttansfet of the queen ' s
knight via dI to f2 ot eJ, to
he1p With the paWn stotO, Was one
of Chigotin's favoutite Oanoeu-
vtes . )
268
I04 e 4 96
j aOpeting the deve1oent of the
bishop to eJ, because of the
thteat of v 4 4 4e4. |
I I fxe5 dxe5 I 2OJ |
( ith a ttap : if I 2. . . 4e4? then
IJ f5 | With a vety sttong
attack. )
j I f I2. . . 4e4 , then hite , With
the Oove IJ 44|, Wins back the
paWn With the bettet position. |
I24 6 + AeJ?
( n antipositiona1 exchange, pte-
senting hite With the tWo bish-
ops and an easy gaOe With good
attacking ptospects on both sides
of the boatd . )
IJ eJ
( Not Wanting to 1et hiOseIf in
fot the unc1eat coOp1ications
Which Wou1d atise ftoO IJ AeJ
xe4. )
I J4 4 4 4?
j Too hasty | e shou1d fitst p1ay
IJW W 0-0, and if I4 0-0, then in
this case , I4o e 4 4 I5 2 45 | |
I4 2 0-0
j The intended I4. . . 45 is use1ess
because of I5 Af7+ . |
I5 5 | f6
j I f I5. . . 6 , then I6 hJ f6 I7
Af6 xf6 I8xe5 4 IfJ b2
20 0-0 etc . , With the bettet gaOe
fot hite . |
I6 0-0 h6 I7 4 7 I8 O2 6
I OI g5?
j 0thetWise, by Oeans of a doub1-
ing of tooks on the f-fi1e, hite
obtains a decisive advantage . |
( ina11y tunng What is a1teady
a bad gaOe fot 61ack. I. . . 7
Was necessaty , With a tenacious
defence . )
2 $J 7 2I f5 8
j ust in tiOe to ptevent the
catasttophe on the ffi1e . |
22f1 e8 2J J 6 24 f1
( With siOp1e Ooves , Chigotin has
coOp1ete1y pata1ysed 61ack s def-
ence . )
24. . . f6 25 h4 5
( t 1ast the knight occupies this
squate , to Which he has in vain
been aspiting a1teady fot a 1ong
tiOe - hoWevet , even noW this
btings 61ack no gteat oy . )
26 h5 7
j I f 26. . . xe4, then 27 I 7 28
&J 6 2 c6 and White Wins
tWo pieces fot the took . |
27 4 8
j 0n 27. . . Ac4 28 xc4 xa4? , fo1-
1oWs 2 xe5 fxe5 J xf8 xf8 JI
Ae5+ f6 J2 xf6 xf6 JJ &2
etc . Note the pitifu1 position of
the 61ack queen. |
( ftet 27. . . Ac4 28 xc4, White
has the doub1e thteat of xa5 and
xe5 . )
28 &2 6
( This 1oses , as do othet contin-
uations , e . g . 284 4 w 7 2 Ag8
g8 J 4, With the Win of a
paWn . )
j This a11oWs White a bti11iant
finish to the gaOe . 6ut a1so on
284 o n 7 2 4 fo11oWed by Ag8
and xf6, 61ack is tota11y 1ost . |
2 xe5 | |
( beautifu1 coObination Which
fotces an iediate Win . )
2o o 4 fxe5 J Ae5+ Of6 JI 4 |
f4 J2 O7+ | 8 JJ Af6+ I-
j vety We11 conducted gaOe by
Chigotin. |
j Notes by 6ogatitchuk ( ) and
6ogo1ubov j | . |
4 Mieses Chigotin
(6atOen I5)
Eng1ish 0pening
I gJ e5 2 c4 6
(6y a ttansposition of Ooves , the
gaOe has gone into the Eng1ish
0pening. ete it is siOp1et fot
61ack to continue at fitst With
2 4 e Of6 , aftet Which he cou1d
ftee his gaOe With . . . d5 . )
J J Of6 4 dJ
( Mieses , hoWevet , does not think
about pteventing 61ack ' s Oove,
M W W d5 , and Without good teason
tecent toutnaOent ptactice has
shoWn that , aftet 4 2 , 61ack
cannot advance his d-paWn tWo
squates and is 1eft With a ctaOp-
26
ed position fot a 1ong tiOe )
4 . d5 5 cxd5 Oxd5 6 $2 6 7
OfJ 7 8 0-0 0-0
( nd noW We have the "0tagon at-
iation" of the Sici1ian 0efence ,
With tevetsed co1outs . The theoty
of this opening tecoends p1ay-
ing 8. . . 6 to ptevent the Oove
d4 ctua11y, noW, aftet d4
exd4 I0 4d4 Oxd4 II wd4 9f6 I 2
5, the chances Wou1d be equa1 .
6ut Mieses , p1aying White , of
coutse is ttying to Win and
avoids pteOatute exchanges nd
so he finds the on1y othet p1an
to uti1ise the ha1fopen cfi1e . )
2 O7
( It is noW taken fot gtanted that
thete is no danget to 61ack in an
iOOediate I0 5 g5 II g5
O4 | and, though White has tWo
bishops , 61ack ' s position is fat
bettet , as he doOinates the
centte. )
I0 aJ 6
( Heinfotcing the e5 paWn, as
White thteatened b4b5 . )
I I O4
( The knight heads fot c5 . ot
this putpose , I I 4 Was suffic-
ient . )
I I . . . 9f7
( 0bvious1y a 1oss of tiOe . It is
possib1e that Chigotin Was pte-
pating to p1ay o 4 e f5 11. . . f5 is
not possib1e noW because of I2
Og5 With the exchange of the
6| but 1atet on . f5 is shoWn
to be iOpossib1e . )
I 2 fd8
( I f I2. f5, then IJ Og5 5 I4
J and 61ack ' s difficu1ties ate
obvious With the fo11oWing Oan
oeuvte , White obtains the advant-
age of the tWo bishops , but ,
since 61ack stands active1y in
the centte, the chances of both
sides Oust be tegatded as equa1 )
IJ5 c5 I4 xc5 e7 I5 I
( vety setious Oistake. e Oust
of coutse a1so not p1ay I5 d4 e4|
I6 OI f5 , but aftet I5 b4|
White ' s position Wou1d be by no
Oeans Wotse With the Oove in the
gaOe , White a11oWs the advance
. . . c5 Which is vety ctaOping to
his gaOe )
I5. . b6 I6 c2 c5 I 7 h4
( Mieses sti11 does not suspect
that he Wi11 soon find hiOse1f
a1Oost coOp1ete1y sta1eOated .
0thetWise he Wou1d have cettain1y
p1ayed I7 b4 | cxb4 I8 axb4 a5
jI8. . . c8 I c8 xc8 20 J||
I bxa5 bxa5 20 J a4 2I 1 ,
and White can successfu11y con-
tend With the a-paWn. 0bvious1y,
Mieses is p1aying fot "ttaps" , he
Waits fot the Oove I7. . 6 in
otdet to then p1ay I8 b4 )
I7. c8
( conteOpotaty chessp1ayet Wou1d
p1ay I7. a5 , te1iab1y pteventing
the Oove b4 itted1y, even
noW, aftet I8 b4 cxb4 I axb4
5 , White Wou1d not easi1y be
ab1e to defend the b4 paWn. Nev-
etthe1ess , this Wou1d be White ' s
270
best chance . )
I8 J? 46 I 2 6
( 6efote I Was acquainted With
this gaOe , I thought that it Was
Hubinstein Who Was the fitst to
shoW hoW one shou1d p1ay such
positions fot 61ack see fot ex-
aOp1e the faOous gaOe , hubatev-
Hubinstein, MoscoW I25 | . oW I
see that I Was sad1y Oistaken. It
tutns out that , even in I5 ,
Chigotin had found the cottect
p1an fot 61ack . This p1an is vety
siOp1e by p1aying 4 4 4 4, 61ack
fotces the Oove d4 and takes
the bishop on d4 With the e5
paWn, opening the e-fi1e fot
attack by the took on the back-
Watd paWn on e2 . nd against this
p1an, White is abso1ute1y he1p-
1ess .
Mieses , fot his patt , aiOs fot
the Oove f4, but this on1y p1ays
into the hands of the opponent ,
since it 1eads to the exposute of
the eJ squate on the open
e-fi1e . )
2 I 5e7 2I f4
( oW 61ack catties out his p1an .
1so hope1ess Was 2 I b4 4 22
d4 cxd4 2J 2 xc2 24 wc2 c8
25 2 7.)
2I . . . 4| 22 d4 exd4 2J 4
( teventing the Oanoeuvte Of5-eJ .
I f 2J b4, then 2J4 4 4 Of5 24 bxc5
OJ 25 c6 w7 and White ' s posit-
ion is hope1ess , since he 1oses
both the exchange and the passed
27I
paWn on c6 . )
2J. . . 5
(p to this point , Chigotin has
p1ayed exce11ent y , but hete he
gives White a tespite . Hubinstein
Wou1d cettain1y, Without a OoO-
ent ' s hesitation, have p1ayed
2J. . . J 24 2 Of5 25 f5 wf5
fo11oWed by a doub1ing of tooks
on the e-fi1e, and White is coO-
p1ete1y sta1eOated. Chigotin, ob-
vious1y thought that White Wou1d
exchange on d5 , aftet Which the
knight sti11 gets to eJ . White ,
hoWevet , ptefets to accept a Weak
paWn on e4, in otdet to soOeWhat
1ibetate his gaOe . )
24 f5 46 25 4 &8 26 OfJ e4
27 dxe4 w7 28 O2 cd8
(Cate1essness . With a siOp1e
ttansposition of Ooves O5 and
then d8 | , 61ack Wou1d not a11oW
the Oove b4. 6ut noW the Weakness
of the c5 paWn is shoWn. )
2 b4 O5 J bxc5 bxc5 JI J
( I f at fitst JI eJ , then siOp1y
JI4 4 4 dxeJ J2 weJ? 4+ | . )
JI . W h5
( Thteatening j if oppottnity pte-
sents | O5-g4-eJ, bt noW a neW
Weakness appeats in 61ack s pos-
ition - the h5 paWn. )
J2 eJ
( The on1y sef1 Oove . J2 fcI
Wo1d be bad becase of J2. . . dJ|
, hoWevet , on J2. . . D, Wo1d
fo11oW JJ J and it is not so
siOp1e to exp1oit 61ack s passed
paWn evetthe1ess 61ack sho1d
p1ay this , so as , aftet J2o 4 4 dJ JJ
J, to contine JJM W M 7 J4 4
jJ4 fcI 8 | 4c4 J5 xc4 d2 J6
d1 d8 and hite cannot tesist
fot Och 1onget . )
J2. . . dxeJ JJ weJ W J4 w2
( 0f cotse not J4 wc5 wc5 J5
xc5 xd2 . Incidenta11y, hite
thteatens to take the h5 paWn . )
J4. . . d8 J5 4 4c4
( To divett the took ftoO the sec-
ond tank . 0n J54 4 4 4, thete Wo1d
possib1y fo11oW J6 fJ. )
J6 xc4 w5 J7 gI g6 |
( 0efending the iOpottant h5 paWn.
0n J8 fxg6 Wo1d fo11oW J8 4 4 w6+
and on J8 O2, siOp1y J8. . . 7 . )
J8 &2
( othing good coOes ot of J8W M M
d2 J c5 2 40 1 . )
J xd4
( ete , Mieses Oisses his chance ,
thogh even aftet J 2 | 7 40
xd4 xd4 j40. . . d4 4I 6| 4I
fxg6 c4 , hite s position is
oy1ess . )
JW W M d4 40 O2+
272
( nd noW bettet Was 40 d4 cxd4
4I a4 J 42 I With s1ight
chances of a dtaW . 6t aftet the
text Oove , hite ' s gaOe is tota1-
1y bad . )
40. . . c4 4I fxg6
( It sho1d be noted that 4I I
xgJ+ 42 gJ J+ 4J 2 4+ |
44 2 e4+ 45 &2 &4+ and
. . c1 1eads to a hope1ess qeen
ending . )
4I4 4 4 7+ 0-I
(Since aftet 42 2 d2+ hite
Wo1d 1ose his qeen. In this
gaOe, Chigotin shoWed his Oastety
in tWo Ways : fitst1y he otp1ayed
his opponent in the positiona1
sttgg1e , and then, aftet the
fa1t on the 2Jtd Oove, shoWed
his exce11ent tactica1 ski11 . )
j otes by 6otvinnik . |
5 tsha11 - Chigotin
( 6atOen I05)
een ' s 0aObit : SeOi-S1av
I d4 d5 2 c4 e6 J J 4 4 fJ
c6
( The Oove 4. . . c6 is not as advis-
ab1e as 4W W W f6 , bt Chigotin
aiOs at his sa1 Oethod of tein-
fotcing the centte . The opening
phase of the gaOe is intetesting
in that Chigotin, fot the fitst
tiOe in ptactica1 p1ay , teftains
ftoO the deve1opOent With the
bishop on d6 , aftet Which he
a11oWs the advance of the hite
paWn to e4, and , on the conttaty ,
atteOpts to Oake this advance
Oote difficu1t , not feating an
exchange of bishop fot knight .
Latet , NiOzovitch te1ied on this
idea as a basis fot his now so
popu1at defence . )
5 aJ
( a1f a centuty of expetience of
p1aying siOi1at positions has
shown that the exchange of bishop
fot knight , when the othet White
knight is p1aced on fJ, Oakes it
difficu1t fot White to fight fot
the e4 squate , ftoO this point of
view it wou1d be Oote usefu1 to
p1ay 5 J . )
5. . . cJ 6 bxcJ f6 7 eJ d7 8
2 0-0 J 8|
( In a quite unsophisticated way ,
61ack obtains countetp1ay by
Oeans of the advance W W W e5 . This
wou1d fo11ow both on I0 e4 dxe4
I I e4 - and now . . . e5 | , as a1so
in the event of I0 0-0 and then
I04 4 4 e5 | II dxe5 dxc4 I2 c4
xe5 IJ xe5 xe5 . owevet , in
the 1ast vatiation, by p1aying IJ
2 j instead of IJ xe5| , ite
tetains soOe opening advantage by
p1aying c4 and 2 . )
I0 cxd5?
( setious inaccutacy , aftet
which the to1e of the 8 is in-
cteased, whi1e the 8 obtains
squates on the c8-hJ diagona1 . )
I0. . . exd5 I I 0-0f8
( 61ack intends the tegtouping
. . 6 fo11owed by $4. Thetefote
White s tep1y seeOs natuta1 . )
I25
27J
js shown by 61ack ' s tep1y , this
natuta1 active Oove fai1s. N
shou1d p1ay I2 c4 . |
I2 4 4 c5 |
( Sp1endid . Now White finds hiO
se1f teecting the ptogtaed IJ
f4 because of I J. . . c4 I4 2 6 ,
aftet which 61ack occupies the e4
squate j6-h4-f5-d6 ot 6h4
and f5 | . Not wishing to tesign
hiOse1f to the 1oss of the init-
iative , Matsha11 tties to Oake
his bishops Oote 1ive1y . )
I J c4 cxd4 | I4 exd4 dxc4 I5 c4
6
( White has obtained diagona1s,
but at a high ptice - the d4 pawn
is weak, ot tathet not so Ouch
the d-pawn as the adacent
squates c4 , d5 , e4 . This con-
sequence of the weakness of the
iso1ated pawn was fitst fotOu1at-
ed by NiOzovitch and one of the
best i11usttations of it appeats
in the ptesent gaOe which was
p1ayed when NiOzovitch was sti11
on1y beginning his chess cateet | )
I6 2
( n unfottunate position fot the
bishop . 0n eJ it wou1d not on1y
defend the pawn, but wou1d a1so
patticipate in the defence of the
king ' s f1ank .)
I6. . . c8 I7 OJ
( The gteat Oastet sets a
but Matsha11 fottunate1y
steps the danget I7 J?
I8 xc4 O5 I l b5 . )
I7e 4 c4
ttap,
side
c4|
j Consistent | In otdet to exp1oit
the Weak squates it is necessaty
to exchange the White squated
bishops |
I8Oxc4 6
( This is Whete the Oistake in the
choice of position fot the AI
te11s - the f4 squate is 1eft
undefended. )
I fe1 Of4 20 1
( Thete is no othet Oove . The
queen Oust defend both the 4
and the g2 squate: 20 J 5|,
20 J xc4 2I f4 2 | Winning
the bishop in an aOusing Way ,
thanks to the absence of a f1ight
squate fot the White king. )
20. . 5 |
c1eat deOonsttation of 61ack s
positiona1 advantage . |
2I xe8+ xe8
( 0vet the 1ast five Ooves ,
White ' s position has shatp1y det-
etiotated . is took and bishop do
not take patt in the sttugg1e,
his queen is tied to the defence
of the g2 paWn, and on1y the
knight is not bad1y p1aced. oW
274
a11 he can do is covet the efi1e
so as to not a11oW a 61ack invas-
ion on e2 .
0n 22 OJ , Chigotin intended to
coOOence an attack by Oeans of
224 4 5 . Then White cannot p1ay
2J hJ because of 2J4 4 4 O2+ 24 2
xeJ 25 fxeJ 4+ 26 I J+ ,
but it is not easy to deOonsttate
a sufficient1y effective Way of
cattying out the attack aftet 2J
1 . If 61ack Oakes the ptophy-
1actic Oove 2J. . . h6 , then White
a1so tep1ies 24 hJ | Thetefote,
aftet 22 OJ , it is bettet fot
61ack to opetate on the queen s
f1ank tathet than 1oosening the
We11-fottified defence of the
White king. ot this putpose , the
Oove 22. . . J is vety good. 0n 2J
1 O4 24 4 c4 25 Oxc4 Wou1d
fo11oW, as a1so in the gaOe ,
25w 4 4 b5 and, on 2J 1 , the
beautifu1 attack 2J4 e o xeJ 24
fxeJ eJ+ 25 I 4 26 1 Of2+
27 1 h+ 28 I O2 | is dec-
isive . )
22 O5 O4 2J 4
( I t is not easy to give good
advice hete. The thteat of 2J4 4 4
O2 is too unp1easant . 0n 2J I
Wou1d fo11oW 2J. . . J , on 2J fJ,
the siOp1e 2J. . . O6 24 gJO6 25
1 f6 is good , on 2J AI , decis-
ive is 2J. . . Oxg2 , on 2J OfJ ,
sttong is 2Jv w 4 J 24 AI J+ .
faint hope of fottifying the def-
ence 1ay on1y in 2JOJ. )
2Jv 4 4 c4|
( Chigorin chooses the c1earest
Way to rea1ise his positiona1 ad-
vantage , transposing to an end-
gaOe Where a decisive ro1e Wi11
be p1ayed by the activity of the
61ack rook and the obvious super-
iority of the knight over the
bishop. nother teOpting contin-
uation Was the effective 2J4 4 w
J | 24 fJ j 24 d5 fe2 Oate| |
c4 25 xc4 f5 , for exaOp1e, 26
&J b5 27 5 f6 j27 J J| 28
4 h5 2 f2 J+ J0 I 4 .)
24 xc4 b5 |
( 61ack consistent1y carries out
his p1an, reecting the teOpting
24. . . J 25 fJ b5 | 26 fxe4 bxc4,
or 25 I b5 26 5 xf2 . )
25 5 f6 26 fJ c8
( The saOe iron consistency , a1-
though 26. . J 27 I xf2 28
J 4 Wou1d have a11oWed 61ack
to Win a paWn at once as We11 as
ho1d on to his initiative. )
27 J
( White defends both squares of
invasion - dJ and c2 . )
274 o 4 2 28 fJ?
( 28 gJ Was Oore tenacious . )
28. . . 4 2 gJ
(11 other Ooves 1ose at once 2
J 2+ 2 I xb2 J0 xb2 cJ
JI &2 xeJ | )
2M W W 6
( 0n 2. . . xb2 J0 gxf4, the Wreck-
ed paWn chain is a sorry sight ,
but Chigorin produces a c1assic
exaOp1e of the doOination of the
61ack knight over the bishop and
275
iso1ated d-paWn. )
J0 J 6 JI 2 4 J2 1 7
j It is c1ear that he Oust not
a11oW the d-paWn to Oove. White ,
noW, as in the future, refrains
froO the Oove 1 , as an exchange
on c4 Wou1d on1y hasten the occu-
pation of doOinating squares by
the 61ack knights . |
JJ 2
( The exchange of rooks JJ J |
Wou1d not change the character of
the strugg1e . )
JJ4 4 4 d5 J4 f4 &7 J5 2 4
( ere it is, the triuOph of Chig-
orin ' s White squared strategy |
NoW, as White ' s 1ast defensive
resources are running out , 61ack
continues to iOprove his position
and is a1Oost ready to ust1y
reap the fruits of his sp1endid
p1ay . )
J6 g2 a6
j Threatening to exchange on b2
and Win the d4 paWn. |
J7 J xeJ J8 eJ xb2 J xb2
j Hook endings are We11 knoWn for
their draWing tendencies . In the
ptesent ending, 61ack has a tange
of advantages a paWn Oa]otity on
the queen' s f1ank, Weak White
paWns on aJ and d4, dination of
the open c-fi1e. In the eat1iet
stages of the gaOe, Chigotin te-
]ected vatious teOpting contin-
uations and ptepated to ttanspose
to this took ending. In apptais-
ing this took ending as a Win,
and, as the Oannet of his hand1-
ing of it shoWs , Chigotin teached
the heights of chess Oastety in
his undetstanding of such end-
gaOes - as Was 1atet achieved by
on1y a se1ect feW, e . g . Hubin-
stein, Lasket and Capab1anca. |
J. . 6 |
( The exchanges have not iOptoved
White ' s position at a11 )
j xce11ent | 61ack teftains ftoO
J4 4 4 J+ 40 4 aJ With the
Win of a paWn and a fotOation of
tWo connected passed paWns ct-
ua11y, aftet this , White , by con-
tinuing 4I 2 , coObines p1ay of
the king, took and d-paWn to set
up sttong thteats , hoWevet , the
advance of 61ack ' s passed paWns
is haOpeted by the White took
ftoO the b7 ot a7 squates It is
doubtfu1 Whethet 61ack can Win
With this continuation. ftet the
Oove in the gaOe, 40. . . J+ j4I
4? f5 Oate| is thteatened. |
40 J
( oW 61ack Was thteatening 40. . .
J+ , since , on 4I &4, Wou1d
fo11oW 4l 4 4 f5 Oate . )
276
404 4 v 5 4I J f5 | 42 hJ h5
( White is in zugzWang . The paWn
ending is hope1ess 4J 2 J+
44 J dJ+ 45 dJ a5 etc.,
With an e1eOentaty Winning paWn
endgaOe, thanks to the obtaining
of the distant passed paWn )
4J 2 xd4 44 J 4 |
( The 1ast fine point 61ack fot-
ces the White king to Oove aWay
ftoO the paWns on the king s
f1ank , since , aftet 45 J, Wou1d
fo11oW 454 4 4 4 46 J 4 47
4+ J 48 J+ 2 .)
45 &2 h4 46 c7 hxgJ |
(et again, Chigotin chooses the
c1eatest Way to Win, te]ecting
46w 4 w 4 47 xg7 xaJ 48 gxh4 4
4 h5 f4 50 h6 hJ 5I h7 a5 ,
aftet Which the opponent is
a11oWed soOe ptactica1 chances . )
47 xg7 xf4 48 xgJ 5 4 2
4 50 g6 4 5I J f4 52 J
4 5J Wl
j I f White advances 5J h4, the
paWn Wou1d quick1y be 1ost .
White ' s gaOe is hope1ess . |
5J+ 4 e 4 54 h4 fJ 55 l &4 56
h5 l 57 &2 2+ 58 l J 5
h6 2+
j tiving the king aWay ftoO the
fl squate . |
60 &I 2 6I a4 b4 62 h7 xh7 6J
xb4 l+ 64 2 f2 65 8 fl()
0-I
( beautifu1 positiona1 gaOe |
c1assic exaOp1e of a consistent1y
cattied out Oastet-p1an, With the
gtadua1 accu1ation and tea1is-
ation of advantages and the tech-
nica1 execution of the gaOe in
the took ending . This is ptobab1y
one of Chigotin s finest cteative
achieveOents. )
j otes by asyukov and Nikitin ( )
and 61uOenfe1d j | . |
6 Chigotin - Sa1ve
( 8th atch 0aOe, Lodz I06)
tench 0efence
I e4 e6 2 d4 d5 J 4J Of6 4 5
dxe4 5 Oxe4 A7 6 Af6 gxf6
( oWadays , it is consideted that
taking the bishop With the paWn
does not ptoOise equa1 chances .
tactice shoWs that 61ack s paWn
Weaknesses on the king s f1ank
setve as ob]ects of attack , and
this is fat Oote iOpottant than
the advantage of the tWo bishops
and the ha1f-open g-fi1e . set-
ious dtaWback of the systeO is
that 61ack, as it Wete, takes it
upon hiOse1f to bting about a
decision in the Oidd1egaOe ,
because in the ending he pays
deat1y fot his paWn Weaknesses .
t the tiOe , the systeO With 6W W W
gxf6 Was WatO1y tecoOOended by
Lasket and Was teadi1y adopted by
ubinstein and Sa1ve . Chigotin,
tight ftoO the statt , had a poot
opinion of this opening set-up
and thetefote his encountet With
Sa1ve bote the chatactet of a
ptincipa1 cteative atguOent .
Intetesting is Chigotin s teOatk
on the p1an of p1ay in the event
of the Oote so1id 64 o 4 Af6 "In
the good o1d days , 4. . . dxe4 Was
avoided, as the continuation 5
e4 A7 6 Af6 Af6 7 OfJ Was
consideted as being not quite
acceptab1e fot 61ack . ftet he
cast1es on the king s side ,
befote he has tiOe to bting the
queen s bishop into p1ay e . g . on
b7 | , White , by p1aying J and
h4, sets up a sttong attack on
the king s f1ank , often With a
sactifice of bishop ot knight fot
the h-paWn" .
We shou1d Oention that occasion-
a11y the systeO With 6. . . Af6 is
seen today in coOpetition of the
highest c1ass . Thus the gaOe
Spassky-ettosian, ftoO the I66
Wot1d ChaOpionship atch, contin-
ued 7. . . 7 8 2 A6 f6+
f6 I0 O5 0-0 II 0-0-0 7 I2
Oxc6 bxc6 IJ h4 b8 I4 J c5 I5
5 and White obtains a gteat1y
supetiot ending. )
7 OfJ f5 8 J c5
( I t is not necessaty fot 61ack to
cteate tension in the centte .
8. . . 7 is bettet. )
5+
( Chigotin a1so p1ayed dxc5 Ac5
I0 d8+ &d8 I I A4, but convin-
ced hiOse1f that 61ack s pieces
obtain gteat scope fot action . In
vatiations With 5+ , ite
p1ays fot an advantage in deve1-
opOent and cteates thteats in the
centte . )
W W 6
277
( setious Oistake Which a11oWs
White to dep1oy his pieces in the
vety best Way . Necessaty Was
M W W 97 I0 Ad7+ wd7 fo11oWed by
W W W 46 . itted1y, in this case ,
61ack has in ptospect a 1ong
sttugg1e With eua1 chances ,
a1beit in a position Without any
hint of activity , e . g . I I dxc5
wd+ I2 d1 46 IJ 0-0 Ac5 I4
fe1 A7 . )
I0 cJ 6
j Hubinstein, in a gaOe p1ayed
against Chigotin in the Oatch-
toutnaOent at od , a 1itt1e
1atet , p1ayed I0W M 0-0, but Was
fotced to 1ay doWn his atOs even
soonet , the gaOe continued II
Ac6 bxc6 I2 0-0 cxd4 j I24 o 7 | |
IJOxd4 7 I4 O5 O8 I5 fe1 f4
j I 5 . . . 7 | | I6 O4 f5 j61ack a1-
teady has no satisfactoty defence
e . g . I6. . . c5 I7 5 | Ag5 I8 wg5
cxd4 ( ot I8. . . f6 I O6 etc . ) I
6+ 8 20 &5 h6 2I 5 and
Wins , ot I6. . . f6 I7 45 | etc .
With a Winning position. 6ogo1-
]ubov . | I7 5 Ag5 I8 wg5 e5 I
O6 97 20 OfJ fe8 j if 20M W M e8
2I Oxe5 , ot 20. . . e4 2I 5 | 2I
5 | &7 j2IM M W 8 22 e5 | | 22
6+ 7 2J Of7+ 8 24 6+ O8
25 e5 8 26 &7 8 27 f7 |
I-0 devastating finish | |
I I w2 cxd4 I2Oxd4 97 I J 00
( 61ack expetiences setious diffi-
cu1ties in the futthet deve1op-
Oent of his pieces . is king can-
not cast1e because of I4 xf5 .
278
a1ve endeavouts to Weaken
White ' s thteats in the centte by
ptepating the exchange . . . 4d4 . )
I J W W W d8 I4 Ac6 | bxc6
( Thete is no choice . 0n I4W M M Ac6
fo11oWs a sactifice on f5 I5
xf5 exf5 I6 Oxf5 7 I7 feI
j Chigotin gives I 7 dI 7 I8
xd7 wd7 I e1 and White Wins . |
5 I8 4 With a vety sttong
attack . )
I5 fe1 5 I6 d1 |
( White does not hutty to fotce
events and btings into p1ay his
1ast piece . e thteatens I7 Oxf5
exf5 I8 b4 ot I7 xf5 exf5 I8
OJ , and , on I6. . .8, With the
idea of pattying I7 Oxf5 With
the intetOediate I7M M W xdI , to
fo11oW With the beautifu1 coObin-
ation I7 xf5 exf5 I8 we7+ |
e7 I e+ e 20 Oxc6+ and
White has tWo extta paWns . )
I6. . . f4 I 7O4 w5
(t the cost of neW paWn Weak-
nesses , 61ack endeavouts to
ttansfet the ueen to the safet
suate c7, Whete it Wi11 a1so
take patt in the defence . )
I8 J |
( In vieW of the thteats I OJ ot
I O2 , the 61ack ueen is fotced
to iOOediate1y tetteat . )
I8. . . 7 I O5 |
( 0nce again he thteatens the in-
cutsion of the knight on f5 . )
IW W W 8 20 g5 Ag5 2I xg5
diagtaO
( ftet the exchange of the b1ack
suated bishop, 61ack ' s position
is 1eft defence1ess . White
thteatens both 22 c6 and 22
Of5 , and on 21. . . 5 Wou1d fo11oW
22 7 f8 2J xe6 A e6 24 xd5
cxd5 25 xe6 Winning. 6lack ' s
futthet tesistance is of a pute1y
syObo1ic chatactet . )
2I .. . h5 22 Of5
j White cou1d p1ay 22 xc6, aftet
Which Wou1d fo11oW 22 4 + 6 .
White Wou1d of coutse sti11 Win
the gaOe, but aftet the text Oove
he achieves his aiO Oote siOp1y
and accutate1y . |
22. . . 5
j 2J 7 Was thteatened . |
2J c4 |
j 0n 2J 7, 61ack cou1d tep1y
2J. . . xf5 | Which Wou1d considet-
ab1y de1ay White ' s victoty , even
if that is a11 he can expect . |
2JN W M xd1 24 xdJ
j White cou1d Win by the contin-
uation 24 7 V 25 dJ , but
this Wou1d not fotce the opponent
to tesign Oote uick1y by p1ay-
27
ing 25W M W 8 26 Oxe6 e6 27
d8 wd8 , 61ack Wou1d pto1ong
the gaOe fot uite soOe tiOe . |
24. . . exf5 25 7 f8 26 1 A6
27 xe6 7 28 6 | 5 2 4
&8 J0 hJ f6 JI wf4 &7 J2 xh5
wa2 JJ 7 I-0
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin ( )
and Chigotin j . |
7 Sa1ve - Chigotin
( IJth Match 0aOe , Lodz I06)
ueen ' s 0aObit 0ec1ined
I d4 d5 2 OfJ e6 J c4 O7 4 4J
f6 5 $5 A7 6 eJ 0-0 7 c5
j Sa1ve Was We11 knoWn fot being a
"natuta1 p1ayet" and Was not an
expett of opening theoty . The
text Oove faci1itates 61ack ' s
defence. |
( Whi1st shutting in the b1ack
suated bishop With the White
paWn chain, Sa1ve endeavouts to
gain space on the ueen' s f1ank .
oWevet , such an eat1y advance of
the c-paWn teOoves the tension in
the centte and ptesents 61ack
With a c1eat1y defined p1an of
action - to ptepate a bteak in
the centte by v 4 v e5 . )
7. . . c6 8 J h6
( uestionab1e Oove , Which cou1d
setious1y haOpet his ptepatations
fot . . . e5 , since 61ack dtives
back the bishop to a diagona1 on
Which it patticipates in the
sttugg1e fot the e5 suate . 0e-
setving attention is anothet
p1an: 8W M W 8 2 Of8 I0 O5
d7 , fot exaOp1e : I I Ae7 e7
I2 f4 f6 j ot I2 . . xe5 IJ fxe5 f6
I4 exf6 f6 | IJ xd7 Ad7 I4 e4
e5 | I5 fxe5 fxe5 I6 exd5 ed4 )
f45 I0 gJ
( setious positiona1 Oistae ,
aftet Which 61ack at once advan-
ces .e5 . I t Was abso1ute1y nec-
essaty to 1eave the bishop on f4
and eithet cast1e ot fitst1y p1ay
I0 b4 j ot even I0 hJ| Then,
aftet the inevitab1e exchange
I0 . . xf4 II exf4, it Wou1d be
fat Oote difficu1t fot 61ac to
catty out the btea . . . e5 . )
I0 . xgJ II hxgJ e5 I2 A2 e4 IJ
2
( 61ac can be a1togethet satis-
fied With the opening . is cent-
ta1 outpost on e4 is sttonget
than White s c5 paWn. This out-
post cannot be undetOined by
Oeans of fJ as that Wou1d ied-
iate1y Weaken the gJ paWn The
open h-fi1e fot the White too
has a pute1y syObo1ic Oeaning . )
IJ. . . f6
( This Oove seeOs to be the Oost
natuta1 , since it opens the Way
fot the A8 and a1so ptepates
. . 4. oWevet , 61ac cou1d
begin iediate p1ay against the
c5 paWn: IJ. . . b6 I4 b4 a5 I5 aJ
f6 | I6 4 96 . )
I4 b4 7
j teventing fJ . |
I5OJ b6 I62
( oW 61ac gains the initiative
on the queen s f1an Cast1ing
280
Was necessaty . )
I 6. . . a5 | I7 aJ
( Thete is no choice - I7 bxa5
bxc5 , ot I7 cxb6 Ab4+ . )
I74 4 4 axb4 I8 axb4 4 I I xa1
20 a1 7 2I J 8 22 2 6
2J 2 |
( In a difficu1t position, White
finds a good defensive tesoutce .
Maing use of the c1osed natute
of the position, he is Wi11ing to
1eave his ing in the centte in
otdet to quick1y inttoduce the
too on h1 into p1ay . )
2J. . . 4 |
j This Oove tequites deep ca1cu1-
ation. It a1so testifies to the
fact that , unti1 the end of his
1ife , Chigotin Oaintained his
Wondetfu1 coObinative ta1ent . |
( 61ack taes vety enetgetic Oeas-
utes to once and fot a11 change
the OoOentuO of the sttugg1e to
his advantage, but nevetthe1ess
White has sti11 sufficient def-
ensive tesoutces .
White is ob1iged to exchange
tooks - 24 1 a1 j24 4 4 8 25
J | 25 aI j 25 4aI &l | .
Chigotin consideted that White
cou1d then put up a successfu1
defence . 11 the saOe, in out
opnon, his position teOains
vety difficu1t, though not aftet
25. . b4 26 8+ 7 27 c6 ,
but aftet the cunnng 254 e f8 ,
as a tesu1t of Which the White
queen teOains tied to the defence
of the b4 paWn and the fI squate .
Instead of this , Sa1ve Oakes a
teOpting and seeOing1y usefu1
Oove . It not on1y defends the b4
paWn but ptepates the bteak fJ .
oWevet , it is high1y doubtfu1
Whethet thete is any benefit ftoO
the advance fJ , and once again
the White took is cut off ftoO
p1ay and this has a decisive eff-
ect on the fo11oWing events )
24 I7
j This conception had a1teady been
thought out by Chigotin on the
pteceding Oove |
25 fJ
jSa1ve, unsuspecting1y, thought
that he had caught Chigotin.
1as , a ctue1 disappointOent
aWaits hiO. )
25 . bxc5
( Hefuting White ' s idea. 26
fxg4 Wou1d fo11oW 26. . . cxd4 27
OJa2 j 27 I Ab4+ , 27 exd4 d4+
and . . . Ab4| $5 and, on 25
bxc5, 61ack succeeds in both tak-
ing the fJ paWn and getting out
With the queen 264 4 27 J
exfJ 28 9J O4. )
28I
26 xc5 exfJ
( nothet obvious continuation,
Which is equa11y unp1easant fot
White , Wou1d be 26. . . 6 27 fxg4
d4 , but Chigotin consistent1y
catties out his p1an . )
27 9J fxg2 28 gI O5
( In this 1ies the Who1e point of
Chigotin' s idea )
j This b1oW ctoWns Chigotin ' s deep
coObination. 61ack not on1y saves
the queen, but a1so teOains With
an extta paWn as We11 as the
bettet position. |
2 Ac4
( 0n 2 xg2 Wou1d fo11oW the ca1O
2. . . 8 and 61ack Wins anothet
paWn, e . g . J0 a2 OxdJ JI 4dJ
Ac5 J2Oxc5 c5 JJ 5 7 . )
2. . . 4c4+ J0 2 Oxb2 JI b2
fJ
( The stotO is ovet and White ' s
position is in tuins . )
J2 J 6 JJ OI 4 J4 4g2 9J
js it happens, in this gaOe
Chigotin is in possession of the
tWo bishops . Even though he Was
not bishopinc1ined , hete he
Oanages the bishops exce11ent1y . |
J5 Of4 4 J6 2 J J7 I
2+ J8 I
(atetia1 1oss fot White is in-
evitab1e . ftet J8. . . g5 J 5
5 ot J 2 d4, 61ack Wou1d
Win vety quick1y . Chigotin choos-
es a diffetent , a1beit 1onget
Oethod . )
J8. . . 4 J e1 xb4 40 e4 94 4I
exd5Ad5 42 Oxd5 cxd5 4J 8+
7 44 8 4+ 45 &2 xc5 46
&J 9f6 47 7 6 48 OeJ cJ+ 4
&2 D 50 Of1 5 5I &2 h5 52
2 &6 5J 8 g6 54 J &5 55
2 f6 56 7 &4 57 7 g5 58
1 2+ 5 OJ dJ 60 1 J 6I
g4 hxg4+ 62 &g4 2+ 6J OJ 2
0-I
(Chigot in ' s Oanoeuvte W7-b 7-a6-
c4 and the subsequent b1oW Of6-d7
-e5 Oakes a sttiking iOptession,
as did his exp1oitation of the
tWo bishops . )
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin ( )
and Levenfish j | . |
8 Sa1ve - Chigotin
(Lodz I06)
01d Indian 0efence
I d4 Of6 2 c4 d6 J 4Jd7
( Thus out1ining the contouts of
the King ' s Indian 0efence . oW-
evet, When Chigotin, in the 1ast
yeats of his cateet , inttoduced
into ptactice the systeO With the
fianchettoed bishop , it Was
p1aced on1y undet the heading
"ittegu1at opening" . 0f coutse,
61ac, Without a fight , a11oWs
the White paWns to occupy the
centte and on1y 1atet begins to
attack theO. It Oust be Oentioned
that Chigotin did not discovet
the King ' s Indian 0efence by
chance . is 2 w2 systeO against
the tench 0efence , Which he
statted p1aying in I8J in his
Oatch With Tattasch , is vety siO-
i1at to the King ' s Indian set-up .
282
Thus , the position teached in the
gaOe , Chigotin-Schiffets , etets
butg I85, aftet I4 Ooves , Was
tepeated j With tevetsed co1outs|
76 yeats 1atet in the aOe ,
TaiOanov-ischet , p1ayed in the
quattet-fina1 Oatch fot the Wot1d
chaOpionship. nd to WhoO is not
We11 knoWn the position I d4Of6
2 OfJ b6 J c4 7 4 eJ g6 5 4J
7 6 dJ d6 7 0-0 0-0 8 e4 d7
J e5, and is this not as Was
p1ayed by Chigotin even in I88?
ConteOpotaty ugos1av Oastets
have spent a 1ot of tiOe and
enetgy ana1ysing the position
aftet I d4 Of6 2 c4 c5 J d5 d6 4
4J g6 5 e4 g7 . They have a1so
exaOined the systeO, 6 f4 0-0 7
OfJ 4 8 hJ AfJ wfJ d7
and is it not ttue that this is a
position ftoO the gaOe , 6utn-
Chigotin, p1ayed in I88?
The gteat Oa]otity of Chigotin' s
King ' s Indian 0efences consisted
of the set-up in Which the b1ack
squated bishop is deve1oped on
e7 toO the 01d Indian fotOation
fot 61ack, it is intetesting to
1ook at anothet opening of a
gaOe, Schiffets-Chigotin, p1ayed
in I0J I e4 g6 2 d4 7 jfiO-
tsev 0efence | | J J d6 4 J Of6
5 hJd7 6 O2 e5 7 cJ w7 8 O2
- 2 I0 -- d5 | II
exd4 I2 cxd4 dxe4 IJ fxe4 O5 | )
4 e4 e5 5 d5
(Chigotin consideted that , as a
tesu1t of this Oove, "White ' s
king ' s bishop is inactive unti1
the end of the gaOe" . It seeOs he
Was not quite tight in his udge-
Oent . I f White Wi11 1atet co-
ence ptepatations fot a queen 's
side paWn offensive , the bishop
p1aced on e2 cou1d be usefu1 fot
hiO. 0f coutse , instead of 5 d5,
White cou1d Oaintain the tension
in the centte , as a vety eat Iy
advance of the d4 paWn tathet
pteOatute1y detetOines the paWn
sttuctute, Which soOeWhat 1iOits
White s possibi1ities . )
5. . . 7 6 9J Of8
( oWadays , the knight Wou1d be
atttacted to the c5 squate , but
Chigotin, in the systeO With the
deve1opOent of the bishop to e7,
as a tu1e ttansfetted the knight
to g6 . )
7 fJ6 8 hJ
( Oove usefu1 in itse1f, but
hete connected a1so With the
beginning of a not vety ustified
divetsion on the king s f1ank . )
84 4 - g4
( White shou1d p1ay siOp1y -
and then J and b4. )
. . . 8 I 2 f8 I I 2
( The fitst pause instead of the
natuta1 continuation of White ' s
chosen p1an o f deve1opOent j I I
J| , he has to defend the e4
paWn, Which cou1d find itse1f un-
det thteat aftet II4 4 f4 . )
I I . . . c6 |
( 61ack , in good tiOe, gets doWn
to opetations in the centte and
on the queen ' s f1ank . is p1an is
c1eat aftet I24 4 97 , to p1ace
his took on c8 and p1ay . . . b5 . )
I 2 $5 97
( 61ack Wou1d a1so have a vety
good position aftet I2. . . h6 , but
he does not Wnt to spend tiOe on
opetations Which do not fit in
With the p1an. )
IJ J
( I t is difficu1t fot White to do
anything against the gtoWing in-
itiative of the opponent . 0n IJ
4 , good ate both IJ. . . f4 and
IJ. . . h6 I4 xg6 hxg5 . The queen
1eaves the c-fi1e , but , a11 the
saOe , finds itse1f faced by the
61ack took . )
IJ. . . 8 I4 I h6 I5 eJ
( The exchang I5 Af6 wf6 I6 2
Wou1d a11oW White to ho1d his
paWn chain, but abtupt1y Weakens
his king ' s f1ank . )
I5. . . b5 |
(Sttategica11y the gaOe is dec-
ided . White cannot ptevent the
opening of 1ines in the centte .
The fotcing opetation, I6. . . bxc4
28J
I7 wc4 cxd5 I8 exd5 e4 is
thteatened. It Wotks a1so aftet
I6 Aa7 , since , on I6. . . bxc4,
hite cannot p1ay I7 wb8 wb8 I8
Ab8 because of I84 4 4 cxd5 | )
I6 dxc6 Ac6 I 7 cxb5
( hite has Oanaged to avoid the
opening of the b-fi1e , but noW
his position in the centte co11-
apses . tobab1y , I7. . . 4e4 Wou1d
be good enough , but Chigotin
opens the centte Oote effective1y
and poWetfu11y . )
I7. . . d5 | I8OI
( Thete is nothing bettet , and the
vatiation I8M M W dxe4 I A4 Wou1d
suit hite .)
I8. . . d4|
(61ack intends to captute the e4
paWn, but undet Oote favoutab1e
citcuOstances . hite decides to
"pay off" the b5 paWn. )
I 2 dxeJ |
( s Chigotin notes , this is
sttonget than I . . . 98 292 8
22 1 . )
2 bxc6 6
( hite has soOehoW Oanaged to
stabi1ise the position in the
centte, but at a high ptice :
61ack seizes the b and c-1ines,
and , in addition, thete ate
beginning to be unp1easant
thteats to the hite king on the
g1-a7 diagona1 . )
2I fxeJ c8 22 I weJ 2J2
6 |
( hite te]ects the doubtfu1 2J4 4
J+ and tetutns With the queen
in otdet to captute the c6 paWn.
hite ' s position is hope1essy
1ost , With his pieces out of p1ay
on the king ' s f1ank . )
24 O4 O7 25 bJ xc6 26 xc6
xc6
( The active hite took is ex-
changed j though hite Wi11 sti11
fight fot the c-fi1e| , 61ack ' s
next took Oove takes the dfi1e
and it becoOes c1eat that 61ack
has an extta took in p1ay . )
27 4 8 28 1 4|
( 11 goes accotding to p1an.
gainst the thteat of v 4 v wJ ,
thete is no defence , and hite
decides to hasten events . e
cou1d have put up a 1onget tesis-
tance by Oeans of 2 1 fo11oWed
by gJ . )
2 aJ xdJ J xdJ wJ
( The f8 entets the gaOe and the
sttugg1e is ovet . )
JI xe5
( SoOeWhat Oote tenacious is JI
f2 A5 J2 2 &J | JJ &I J| ,
though hite finds hiOse1f in
zugzWang and Oust suffet defeat .
oWevet , he chooses an instant
death . )
JI. . . A5 J2 wf7+ 8 JJ 4 wd4
I
j otes by asyukov and ikitin . |
0utas - Chigotin
( utnbutg I6)
Spanish
I e4 e5 2 fJ 6 J 5 a6 4 94
f6 5 - 7 6 e1 b5 7 J d6
284
8 J - hJ 5 I 2 5 II d4
W7 I2 d2
( ere We hae a genuine pearI
froO Chigorins Iegay of open-
ings. oWadays , this position is
ontinuaIIy enountered in oO-
petition of the ery first rank.
naIysis of it has been arried
out by Oany theoretiians around
the WorId. In the oiet nion,
this inIudes Hauser, ano, 6oI-
esIasky and urOan.
Chigorin aIso eOpIoyed a siOiIar
opening set-up before this gaOe,
for exaOpIe, against Lasker at
London I8 - but here 4J Was
pIayed on the 6th Ooe and dJ on
the 8th , and the opening debate
did not take pIae .
The rihness of ideas ontained
in Chigorin s oneption Was not
at one reaIised. oOe tiOe aI-
ready after his death , the systeO
Was onsidered bad, but subseu-
entIy it proed its Worth and
thereafter its reIiabiIity Was
neer in doubt. ater anaIysis
poIished up 6Iak ' s Oethod of
defene , Oaking it Oore atie )
I2. . . 8 IJOfI 8 I4J A6 I5
Of5
( The inasion of the knight on d5
is Oore dangerous for 6Iak
fter I5 dxe5 dxe5 I6 O5 Ad5 I7
exd5 , the tWo bishops guarantee
hite the initiatie. )
I5. . . f6 I6 d5
( hite goes oer to a sheOe of
attak Whih Was popuIar at this
tiOe . fter Iosing the entre ,
he WiII Iaunh an attak With the
g and h-paWns . In repIy, Chigorin
begins to prepare the adane
. . . f5 - a Oethod Whih een noW-
adays is onsidered to be the
Oost effetie . )
I6. . . 7 I7 g4 g6 I8 J g7 I
244 2O26
( 0betieIy stronger Was the ex-
hange of knights , sine the pos-
ition of the knight on b6 is onIy
a IittIe better than that on a5 .
Chigorin, apparentI y, siOpIy
Wants to aoid exhanges fter
24 4 4 Oxd2 and 2I. . . O8 , 6Iak
WouId iOpede the further adane
of the h-paWn. )
2I h4
( sharp onetion, at the basis
of Whih Iies the orret idea of
opening the h-fiIe at the ost of
a paWn. )
2I4 w O8 | 22 2
(0f ourse, not 22 g5 beause of
22. . . f6 | after Whih the initiat-
ie on the king 's fIank passes
oOpIeteIy oer to 6Iak, e . g . 2J
OfI fxg5 24 Ag5 xf2+ foIIoWed
by . . . 8 )
224 4 4 wh4
(6Iak Oakes a prinipaI , though
aIso risky deision. eer in the
gaOe is his position as dangerous
as it is noW . )
diagraO
2J fJ?
285
(Losing an iOpottant teOpo fot
the attack . e shou1d p1ay at
once 2J J , aftet Which extteOe-
1y dangetous fot 61ack Wou1d be
2J. . . wg4 because of 24 OfJ | When
both king and queen ate shoWn to
be in danget . The sttength of
White ' s thteats can be i11usttat-
ed by the fo11oWing vatiations :
24. . . A8? 25 h7+ | and 26 5+
24. . . 8 25 4 7 26 J | Of6
27 $5 24. . . 9f6 25 J With the
thteat of 26 9I .
It seeOs 61ack has to tetteat the
queen to d8 , but then, aftet 24
OfJ , he does not succeed in
cteating such sttong countetp1ay
on the b1ack squates as he ob-
tains in the gaOe )
2J. . 6 | 24 J &6
( n iOpottant OoOent . White dec-
ides not to Oake the futthet sac-
tifice - 25 xh6 4h6 26 g5 wg5
27 44 - and his initiative ab-
tupt1y decteases . higotin con-
sideted that he Wou1d tepu1se the
attack by 274 e o 4 28 4b6 J+
2 2 2+ J0 J wgJ JI Oxd7
fd8 J2 Of6 &4+ JJ 2 f6 J4
h6 g5 fo11oWed by 8-g6 . oW-
evet , aftet J5 J 8 J6 OJ 6
J7 I , the advantage teOains
With White . Nevetthe1ess 61ack
has a defence instead of 28. . .
OJ+ , he shou1d p1ay 28 = 4 J+
and the White king is a1teady
shoWn to be in danget - 2 &2
j 2 O2 4+ | | b8 . ftet J0 2
8 ot J0 AJ f5 JI h6 f4 ,
61ack seizes the initiative . )
25 J 7 |
(6ecause of the thteat 4 e 4 f5 ,
White Oust Oove his king off the
g-fi1e, so 1osing yet anothet
teOpo . )
26 &2 9f4 27 OfJ e8 28 OJ
&7
( 1itt1e uneveness in the con-
duct of the sttategica1 p1an.
Sttonget Was 28. . . f6 , since White
cou1d noW, by Oeans of 2 2 ,
fotce 61ack to exchange bishops
at a not vety favoutab1e OoOent . )
2 J f6 J0 2
( I f J0 92 jto ptepate gJ | then
J0. . . 44 | JI Oxc4 bxc4 J2 f4
exf4 JJ O2 g5 | J4 e5 fxe5 J5
xh7+ wh7 J6 h7 xh7 J7 2
Of6 J8 dJ &8 etc ., With the
ittesistib1e thteat of 4 = = e4.
6ogo1ubov . )
J0. . . $5 |
(ftet this exce11ent Oove , 61ack
can ca1O1y ptepate the bteak-
thtough 4 4 4 f5 . White has no coun-
tetp1ay Whatsoevet . ftet the ex-
change JI g5 fxg5 , 61ack ' s
286
ptessute on the f-file is decis-
ive )
JI bJ f7 J2 AJ7 JJ 4?
( astening the end, since , With
the king on eJ , the advance f5
is cattied out With patticulatly
gteat fotce e could put up a
Oote stubbotn tesistance by JJ
O2 folloed by hl )
JJ4 4 AeJ+ J4 eJ f5 |
( nd so , White has failed in his
ptepatations to Oeet this bteak-
thtough , as a tesult of Which his
position noW litetally falls to
pieces The test is cleat even
ithout coOOents )
J5 gxf5 gxf5 J6 exf5 5+ J7 &2
Oxd5 J8 &I J+ J 2 f4 40
2 xe2 4I xe2 cJ+ 42 &2
4+ 4J 2 7+ 44 6+ xg6 45
fxg6 A6 46 f2 xfJ
( ftet 46 e4| the end of the
gaOe Would coOe even uicket )
47 xfJ AfJ+ 48 &fJ J+ 4 4
c2+ 50 &5 J+ 5I 6 g6 52
6 d5+ 5J c5 7+ 54 &d5 d7+
55 e5 8+ 56 &4 f7+ 57 J
J+ 0-I
j Notes by asyukov and Nikitin |
l00 Chigotin - Tattasch
( 0stende I07)
Scandinavian 0efence
I e4 d5
j Tattasch , ovet the coutse of
Oany yeats , tepeated a countless
nuObet of tiOes that the ing` s
0aObit Was "incottect" and that
6lack should accept the gaObit ot
decline it With 2 d5, obtaining
the bettet gaOe oWevet , in his
encountets With Chigotin, this
spokesOan of the "scientifi" in
chess neatly alWays ptefetted to
"seek sheltet" in the tench ,
Sicilian ot Scandinavian 0ef-
ences 0tekov |
2 exd5 d5 J J 5 4 fJ f6 5
d4 $4
( ConteOpotaty theoty tecoOOends
to find out at once the intent-
ions of the $4 by playing 6 hJ
ftet 6. fJ 7 fJ, White has
a tich choice of ptoOising plans ,
and, aftet 6 5 , it considets
favoutable fot White asket` s
vatiation 7 g4 $6 8 5 c6 h4
Od7 I0 4)
6 A2 6 7 AJ 0-00
( 6lack has positioned his fotces
uite successfully and thteatens
to still futthet inctease the
ptessute in the centte aftet
e5 Chigotin plays the Oove
tecoOOended by utas , Which uses
tactical Oeans to eliOinate the
ptessute on the d4 paWn )
8 2 | Ae2
( etteating the bishop is less
favtable : 84 4 4 9f5 4 4 I0
aJ , 8+ 4 4 A6 OJ 4 I0 aJ 6
I I O5 5 I2 0-0 a6 IJ c4 &5 I4
J )
e2
( n this captute lies 0utas
idea The d4 paWn cannot be taken
xd4 I0 Ad4 xd4 II OJ
also 4 4 4 e5 cannot be played be
287
cause of I0 4 4 I I de5 4e5
I2 Oe5 wb2 IJ 0-0 wcJ I4 4f7
The gaOe Wi11 noW asse a quiet
positiona1 chatactet . )
4 4 4 e6 I0OJ &5 I I 0-0-0
( 0esetving attention is I I 4 4 4 4,
With the aiO of ptepating . . . e5 ,
by pteventing d5 aftet this
Oove . )
I2 hJ5
j n otdet to obtain the a5 squate
fot his queen, Which , though it
contto1s an open 1ine , has D
Oove . |
( Tattasch goes against his oWn
ptincip1es , offeting an echange
of knights , the position of
Which, on bJ, he consideted to be
vety bad. 0f coutse , Without any
patticu1at tisk, 61ack , by p1ay-
ing I24 4 4 h5 , cou1d ptevent White
seiing space on the king 's
f1ank . )
IJ g4 ObJ+ I4 abJ 5 I5 l
O5 I64
( White avoids the echange of
knights , since the O5 is about
to be dis1odged ftoO the centte
aftet I7 92 and c4. )
I6. . . OeJ?
( The ctitica1 OoOent of the
sttugg1e. 61ack vo1untati1y e-
changes his centta1ised knight
fot the passive AJ . To ctoWn the
Oisfottune of this echange, it
sttengthens White ' s position in
the centte and opens the f-fi1e
fot hiO. ftet I64 4 4 c6 Tattasch
Wou1d have tetained a so1id pos-
288
ition, contto1 ovet the f4 squate
and the possibi1ity of the bteak
4 . . e5 . )
I 7 feJ h5 I8 fl f8 I e4
( 0f coutse , it is p1easant fot
White to p1ay such a position. e
has the possibi1ity of p1aying in
the centte je5 ot d5| and then
a1so on one of the f1anks . Mean-
Whi1e , 61ack is ob1iged to con-
cetn hiOse1f With the defence of
his Weaknesses , Without any pat-
ticu1at chances of cteating act-
ive countetp1ay . oW he Oust
ttansfet the queen to the king ' s
f1ank - I . . . 5 , i n otdet to tty
to iso1ate the te1ative1y Weak
paWns on hJ and g4. Instead of
this, With a cate1ess Oove , he
not on1y Weakens the e6 paWn, but
a1so gives the opponent the
oppottunity to cut off his queen
ftoO the king ' s f1ank . )
I4 4 4 f6?
j 0n I4 4 4 hg4, Wou1d fo11oW 20 e5
A7 2I wg4, When White thteatens
not on1y to take the g-paWn but
a1so to gain the advantage by a
took sactifice on f7 . |
2 d5 | 8 2I gh5 ed5 22 4
8 2J d5 4 24 J
hite noW has an etta paWn, and
even if his paWn fotOation does
not have gteat attacking poWet ,
it is sti11 an advantage Which
can be favoutab1y ep1oited,
since, above a11 , he sti11 has
the attack . |
24. . . 5 25 2
( 25 wg7 desetved attention. )
25. . . 8 26 fdl 6 |
264 4 = 7 Wou1d be a Oistake be-
cause of 27 7, Wheteupon 61ack
cannot captute the h-paWn because
of the thteatened Oate on d8 . |
27 J a6
( hite has positioned his pieces
We11 and seized the dfi1e , but
to speak of it as a c1eat advant-
age Wou1d at this stage be pte-
Oatute . 61ack has countetp1ay ,
especia11y on the Weakness of the
paWns on e4 and h5 . ith the
tooks on e8 and h8 , 61ack can
attack the h5 paWn by p1acing the
queen on f7 and the bishop on e5 ,
ot the e4 paWn by p1acing the
queen on e7. 0vet the net si
Ooves , Chigotin tties to ttansfet
the knight to dJ ot echange one
of the tooks . )
28 2 7| 2 d4 5 J 2
6 JI J 7 J2 f2 5
It Was ptobab1y bettet to again
p1ay J2. . . 5 . Then JJ 7 Was
not to be feated since 61ack
cou1d then attack the hJ paWn by
28
JJW W W wh5 . |
JJ f5
( hite has not sttengthened his
position With this seties of
Ooves , and, aftet the tetteat of
the took to e7 , fo11oWed by
. . . 8 , it is doubtfu1 Whethet he
Wou1d Oanage to obtain the advan-
tage , not otganise active opetat-
ions on the queen s f1ank . )
JJ. . . f5?
( ftet this echange , 61ack de-
ptives hiOse1f of countetp1ay and
hite can iediate1y ttansfet
the knight to the idea1 dJ
squate . )
J4 f5 5 J5 5 7 J6 4|
2 J 7 J
(ftet J7 wg7 8, hite , to
avoid Wotse ttoub1e , Wou1d have
to a11oW petpetua1 check J8 5
l | . )
J7. . . 8
( 61ack tties to ho1d the position
by tactica1 Oeans . )
J8 f2
J8 e5 Wou1d again a11oW pet-
petua1 check . |
J84 4 4 5 J 2
0f coutse not J wg7? because
of J. . . dJ etc . |
J. . . 5 4 g2
4 e5 we5 Wou1d inctease
61ack ' s dtaWing chances . |
4. . . 7 4I 2 |
( 6y attacking the a7 squate,
hite cteates the thteat of 42 h6
gh6 4J 8 fo11oWed by Oate . )
4I. . . 4 42 J 7 4J 6 8 44
J
( Though 61ack, as before , keeps
the e4 paWn under attack , the
situation has c1ear1y changed to
White ' s favour . e has success-
fu11y regrouped his forces and
noW once again creates the threat
pf 44 h6 . To repu1se this , 61ack
Oust a11oW an exchange of rooks
and the g7 paWn for the h5 paWn. )
444 4 4 5 45 g7 g7 46 g7
h5 47 4
( There fo11oWs a technica1 phase
of the gaOe , and the Win for
White is a1ready on1y a uestion
of tiOe . )
474 4 4 6 48 h4 2 4 h5 J 50
&J $5 5I b4 b6
( oW 61ack has created a Weak
suare on c6 and White sti11 fur-
ther iOproves his position by ob-
taining, in addition to a passed
h-paWn, an attack on the king . )
j This Weakens the king ' s posit-
ion. e cou1d have put up a 1ong-
er resistance by the Waiting Oove
5I. . . 8 . 6ogo1ubov . |
52 4 7 5J e5 | fxe5 54 4+
8 55 Oxe5 |
( The invasion of the knight on c6
proOises White Oore advantage
than securing the advance of the
passed paWn. 6ut , besides the
threat of 56 46+ , White threat-
ens the transfer of the knight to
20
f7 or g4. Therefore 61ack has no
choice . )
554 4 4 1+ 56 2 h5 57 46+ 7
(fter 57. . .8 , White Wins the
bishop 58 &5+ 7 5 O8+ 8
60 O6 . )
58 5+ 8 5 &5+ 8
jfter 5. . . 8 , the bishop Wou1d
again be captured by 46+ fo11oW-
ed by O8+ and O6 . |
60 46+ &8 6I 8+
j It Was possib1e to Win a piece
by 6I O5 fo11oWed by OfJ, but
Chigorin prefers to take the
paWns . In practice this is not
Worse . 0rekov . |
6I. . . 7 62 7+ 8 6J b6
( The rest is siOp1e . )
6J4 4 4 &7+ 64 J &J+ 65 cJ &I
66 4 f6 67 5+ V 68 J 2
6 O8 7 70 O7 1 7I 6 $5
72 O5 f6 7J 7 + 6 74 J I
75 J+ 7 76 4+ g4 77 Oxg4
( nd 61ack resigned on the 4th
Oove . )
I-0
(n exce11ent positiona1 gaOe .
Tarrasch set up a so1id defence,
but Chigorin disp1ayed fine ,
ski1fu1 positiona1 Oanoeuvering
and perfect technica1 rea1isation
of his advantage . )
j otes by asyukov and ikitin ( )
and Tarrasch j | . |
I N 0 E 0 0 0 N E N T S
1apin 6
1bin 66
tno1d I7
shatin J4
6itd I0, 2J
61ackbutne 2
6tody 75
6utn 6I , 62
Cato 6J
Chatousek 52 , 58 , 5
Consu1tants J0
0avidov I
0utas
a1k 74
0avi1an 20
0unsbetg 24, 25 , 26 , 27 , 47 , 80
eIvig IJ
anoWski 54
Kottch 5J
Lasket 44, 87
Lebedev 77 , 7
Lee 68
London I8
Mackenzie II
Ma1utin 0
Matco 88, J
Matoczy 57 , 6 , 85
Matsha11 5
( Obets tefet to gaOes )
2I
Mason I6, 76
Miasnikov 4
Mieses 4
N. N. 78
0tto 7
au1sen 8
i11sbuty 4J, 50, 5I , 72 , 84, 86
o11ock 2I , 22 , 48
opie1 82
Sa1ve 6 , 7 , 8
Schiffets 5 , 42 , 60
Sch1echtet 7I , 8I
SchOidt 2
ShoWa1tet 65 , 67
So1ovtsov J5
Steinitz I4, I5 , I ,
JI , J2 , JJ,
Tattasch J6 , J7 , J8 ,
56, 100
Taubenhaus I
TeichOann 46 , 8
igi1iansky 4
Wa1btodt 55
WinaWet
akubovich J
hibin 7J, 8J
ukettott I2
20, 28 , 2 ,
4 , 64, 70
J , 40, 45 ,
I 0 E T 0 0 E I 0
Cato Kann 0efence 82
Centte 0aOe I I , 76
0utch 0efence 57
Eng1ish 0pening 4
Evans 0aObit J, I2, I5 , 20, 22 , 28 , JI , J4 , 47, 48 , 0
tench 0efence J7, J , 4I , 46, 62, 65 , 67 , 74, 80, 88 ,
2, 6
0iuoco iano 52
Ita1ian 0aOe I6, 66 , 8I
Kings 0aObit
ccepted I , 7 , , 7I , 7J, 8J, 85, 86 , 87
0ec1ined 4J, 5J, 55 , 84, J
01d Indian 0efence 8
ettoff 0efence 7
onziani 0pening IJ, 2J, 64, 70
ueen s 0aObit
Chigotin 0efence 44 , 50, 6I , 72 , 77 , 8
0ec1ined 6 , J5 , 4, 7
ei-1av 54, 6, 5
ueen' s Indian 0efence 4
ueen' s aWn 0pening I8, J0, 45 , 68
candinavian I00
cotch 0aOe 5 , 2I , JJ
ici1ian 0efence 8, 42 , 60
panish 2, I, 24, 26, J6, J8 , 40, 5I , 56 , 75 , 78 , I ,
TWo Knights 0efence I0, I 7, 25 , 27 , 2, J2 , 58, 5
ienna 0aObit I4 , 6J
( Obets tefet to gaOes )
22