Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
org/wiki/Wireless_ad_hoc_network
Contents
1 Application 2 Technical requirements 3 Medium-access control 4 Mathematical models 5 Simulation of wireless ad hoc networks 6 See also 7 References
Application
The decentralized nature of wireless ad hoc networks makes them suitable for a variety of applications where central nodes can't be relied on and may improve the scalability of networks compared to wireless managed networks, though theoretical[2] and practical[3] limits to the overall capacity of such networks have been identified.
Minimal configuration and quick deployment make ad hoc networks suitable for emergency situations like natural disasters or military conflicts. The presence of dynamic and adaptive routing protocols enables ad hoc networks to be formed quickly. Wireless ad hoc networks can be further classified by their application:
Technical requirements
An ad hoc network is made up of multiple nodes connected by links. Links are influenced by the node's resources (e.g., transmitter power, computing power and memory) and behavioral properties (e.g., reliability), as well as link properties (e.g. length-oflink and signal loss, interference and noise). Since links can be connected or disconnected at any time, a functioning network must be able to cope with this dynamic restructuring, preferably in a way that is timely, efficient, reliable, robust, and scalable. The network must allow any two nodes to communicate by relaying the information via other nodes. A path is a series of links that connects two nodes. Various routing methods use one or two paths between any two nodes; flooding methods use all or most of the available paths.[4]
Medium-access control
In most wireless ad hoc networks, the nodes compete for access to shared wireless medium, often resulting in collisions (interference). Using cooperative wireless communications improves immunity to interference by having the destination node combine self-interference and othernode interference to improve decoding of the desired signal.
Mathematical models
In recent years mathematical models have been proposed to study various types of wireless ad hoc networks. One class of models involves using stochastic processes to represent the placement of the nodes in the ad hoc network. More specifically, stochastic geometry models of wireless networks have been proposed and studied.
However, these tools focus primarily on the simulation of the entire protocol stack of the system. Although this can be important in the proof-of-concept implementations of systems, the need for a more advanced simulation methodology is always there. Agent-based modeling and simulation offers such a paradigm. Not to be confused with multi-agent systems and intelligent agents, agent-based modeling[5] originated from social sciences, where the goal was to evaluate and view large-scale systems with numerous interacting "AGENT" or components in a wide variety of random situations to observe global phenomena. Unlike traditional AI systems with Intelligent agents, agent-based modeling is similar to the real world. Agent-based models are thus effective in modeling bio-inspired and nature-inspired systems. In these systems, the basic interactions of the components the system, also called Complex Adaptive System, are simple but result in advanced global phenomena such as emergence.
See also
802.11 Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) List of ad hoc routing protocols Wi-Fi Direct Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS)
References
1. Jump up ^ Chai Keong Toh, Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks, Prentice Hall Publishers , 2002. 2. Jump up ^ P. Gupta and P.R. Kumar. Capacity of wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Volume 46, Issue 2, March 2000, doi:10.1109/18.825799 3. Jump up ^ Jinyang Li, Charles Blake, Douglas S. J. De Couto, Hu Imm Lee, and Robert Morris, Capacity of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, in the proceedings of the 7th ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, Rome, Italy, July 2001 4. Jump up ^ Wu S.L., Tseng Y.C., "Wireless Ad Hoc Networking, Auerbach Publications", 2007 ISBN 978-0-8493-9254-2 5. Jump up ^ Muaz Niazi, Amir Hussain, Agent based Tools for Modeling and Simulation of Self-Organization in Peer-to-Peer, Ad Hoc and other Complex Networks, Feature Issue, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol.47 No.3, March 2009, pp 163173.Paper