Introduction

This p presentation focuses on two issues:

The simulation of water distribution networks (WDNs) using EPANET The optimal design of water distribution networks

Optimal Design of Water Distribution Networks Mohammad N. Almasri, PhD

An-Najah National University

Definitions

A WDN is comprised of a number of links connected together to form loops or branches

These h links l k contain pumps, fittings, f valves, l etc..

Links: A link is a segment of the network that has a constant flow and no branches. Each link may contain one or more pipes (with ( h different d ff diameters) connected in series

Pipes: A pipe is a segment of a link that has a constant flow, fl constant diameter, di and d no branches
An-Najah National University

Optimal Design of Water Distribution Networks Mohammad N. Almasri, PhD

Pipes and Links

D1

A pipe

D3 L2

D2

D1 L1

A link

L3

L
An-Najah National University

Optimal Design of Water Distribution Networks Mohammad N. Almasri, PhD

Definitions

Nodes: They are the end points of the pipe sections where h two or more links l k are joined. d Water can enter or leave the network at these nodes

L Loops: The Th loop l is i a closed l d circuit i i consists i of fa series of links in which the demand nodes are supplied from more than one pipe

Th The path: h It I represents the h way or the h route through which the demand nodes are reached from the source nodes
An-Najah National University

Optimal Design of Water Distribution Networks Mohammad N. Almasri, PhD

Example of a Water Distribution Network

Optimal Design of Water Distribution Networks Mohammad N. Almasri, PhD

An-Najah National University

Main Principles of Network Analysis

Continuity: y The algebraic g sum of the flow rates in the pipes meeting at a node together with any external flows is zero
D Q1 Q2

Q3

Q1 + Q2 = Q3 + D D = Q1 + Q2 - Q3

A demand node The node is connected to three supplying pipes

An-Najah National University

Optimal Design of Water Distribution Networks Mohammad N. Almasri, PhD

Main Principles of Network Analysis

Energy gy conservation: For all p paths around closed loops and between fixed grade nodes, the accumulated energy gy loss including g minor losses minus any energy gain or heads generated by pumps p p must be zero
A part of a looped network Closed loop Given total headloss for each link (pipe) as hf

hf2 hf1

hf3

Assume counterclockwise to be positive

hf4

-hf hf1 hf4 + hf3 + hf2 = 0

An-Najah National University

Optimal Design of Water Distribution Networks Mohammad N. Almasri, PhD

Branched WDNs

Q2 [1] 2

Q3 [2] 3

Q5

Q4

In branched WDNs, there y one p path ( (route) ) is only from the source node to each node How can we compute the fl flow in i each h link? li k?

[3]

5 [4]

Q7

Q6

[5]

[6]

6
An-Najah National University

Optimal Design of Water Distribution Networks Mohammad N. Almasri, PhD

Branched WDNs
What is the flow in each link?

20 [1] 2

30 [2] 3

50

40

[3] [ ]

5 [4]

70

60

[5]

[6]

10

Optimal Design of Water Distribution Networks Mohammad N. Almasri, PhD

An-Najah National University