Language Concordance - Maya of Meso and South Americas and Bharath - India

Languages - Part I - Overview

Kedarnath Jonnalagadda, B.Sc.(Agri.),M.Sc.(Genetics) ©2009

CEO, Vaidika Gramam,
smartxpark@yahoo.com

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Abstract : http://www.scribd.com/doc/17451732/Language-Concordance-Maya-of-
Meso-South-America-and-Languages-of-India-Bharath-Part-I-Overview-Abstract

Abstract

An amazing concordance between the Mayan languages of South and Meso America
and Bharath India languages is found. This book, Part I - Overview gives an overview
of the work and results by the author.

The author has studied a number of Maya language dictionaries in Spanish and
English available on the web.

1.The likelihood of chance favoring concordance is worked out.

2.The pattern of concordance is analyzed - Early Sanskrit - Veda and later forms. So
called Dravidian Tamil - Telugu, Kannada, Tulu, Konkani and other Bharath - India
language linkages.

3. The work shows significant concordance with Sanskrit and Sanskrit based languages
as analyzed with Panini's [dhAtupATha] and looking up Sanskrit - English, Sanskrit-
French dictionaries.

4. Most surprisingly, Maya words being used today were found useful in understanding
etymology of some Sanskrit words found in Veda literature.

5. Significant concordance is also found with divisively called Dravidian languages

Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Tulu and often tribal languages of the sub continent.

6. Surprisingly again, were found everyday Maya words useful to understand etymology
of many words in divisively called Dravidian languages. These words are not in
common use in "Sanskrit and Sanskrit derived languages" within quotes, but present in
Veda, Purana, Ramayana or Mahabharata and Dravidian such as Tamil, Telugu, Kannada
and Tulu! This may lead to reconsideration of theories of their being borrowed but lost
over time in "Sanskrit and Sanskrit derived languages".
From the Concordance in the first place to any Bharath Indian language and
furthermore concordance patterning with a wide spectrum of India's languages presents
a number of significant issues for consideration.

1. Maya of South and Meso America lived in an ecological niche and isolation till about
only 400 years back. This is what history tells us.

2. That their language can be amenable to the [barakhaDi] phonetic classification and
teaching system of India could show a universal application of the [barakhaDi] system.
This would be applicable to any language system that is built around phonetically based
[akshara] but not alphabetic systems such as a,b,c,...z. And phonetically based [akshara]
systems may not even have a native script but are amenable to any machine readable
transliteration scheme.

Such a system is traditionally used for teaching from early childhood in India.
Traditionally, learning to be literate begins with simply pronouncing [svara] [a A i I u U
e E Ru o O aM aH] and [vya~jjana] [ka kha ga gha ca cha ja jha Ta Tha Da Dha ta tha
da dha na pa pha ba bha ma ya ra la va sha sa ha] in any native script. To call these
vowels and consonants in English may be inadequate. Each [svara] and [vya~jjana] has
meaning! And this is quite opposite to the system using alphabets in English.

3. Maya languages have short and long forms of [svara] [e E] and [o O] similar to
Dravidian languages but significantly absent in so called Aryan languages including
Sanskrit. Veda and other Sanskrit literature written in Devanagari script with correct
[anudatta], [udatta], [svarita] and other intonation marks may point out to original
presence of these [svara].

4. The [ga] [vya~jjana] is significantly absent in Mayan literature as recorded in Roman

script transliterations by earlier Spanish and other researchers. This is similar to the
absence of need for [ka] [ga] in written script of Tamil. By and large this does not pose
too much difficulty to know the semantic content equivalence in Indian languages.

5. The [ja] [vya~jjana] is significantly absent in Mayan literature too. Linguists have
used [tza]. This can be treated as a variant belonging to [ca varga], [ca] class of the
Indian [barakhaDi] system. It does not pose too much difficulty for knowing the
semantic content equivalence in Indian languages.

6. The presence of pan continental, America and Asia India language linkage leads to
considering many key issues.

7. If there was contact at all between the two civilizations, "When"? and "What Time
Scales" are involved. And "when did it stop"?

8. If not, "is there something so fundamental in evolution of human speech", retained

naturally and with care in the two distant ancient civilizations that it has defied time?
What are those simple fundamentals that a billion plus native people in America and
Bharath India can speak their mother tongues today? And can be easily taught to read
and write and be "literate".

9. Debates are galore on Aryan invasions, Veda, Indo European, Proto Sanskrit and
Dravidian languages of the sub continent. Maya language linkage with Veda, Sanskrit,
and Dravidian languages could be eye openers. This may well imply AIT, Aryan
Invasion Theories and other divisive theories needing reconsideration. Or proponents of
divisive theories needing to come up with implausible Aryan Invasion Theory for the
Americas too. But, that would need earlier Dravidian Invasions from the sub continent
to the Americas or vice versa.

10. Possibilities are discussed whether the yuga concept of Bharath - India, which
Maya civilization also has, and its timescales of cataclysmic cycles on Earth are indeed
unthinkable for the history and geography of this billion year old planet. This has direct
bearings on appreciating and treating our environment a little better. And hoping the
future will have greater understanding for damage already done.

11. Suggestions for further work in study of concordance of Maya - India for astrology,
astronomy, maths and pre colony religion are given. "Maya" the word has been
referenced meaning a people many places in Veda, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Purana
and other ancient literature in India.

12. The expected outcome of this work and findings is India centered research and
development. Often times, a very distant look on this fragile planet, NASA like from
space is needed to appreciate the beauty of home. It is hoped, much needed applications
will be developed to preserve the heritage of ancient and modern languages and
literature of India. Of particular importance is understanding and using components of
ancient learning and teaching methods of India in context of modern times. This would
include applications software for artificial intelligence, robotics, machine learning and
teaching. It is said, "a picture can speak a thousand words". Well, a single word in both
Maya language and Bharath India languages can speak a thousand words too. They have
been doing so for thousands of years.
Showcase

This section is called by this rather pompous name because it is indeed that. It gives a
glimpse of the glory of the gift of language to us. All of us are, in a way, window
shoppers. The more we have, the more we can have, unendingly.

The transliterations scheme shown below is Baraha software transliteration scheme ©

for Maya, [dhAtupATha] and Monier Williams Sanskrit English Dictionary. In addition,
schemes of Dr.S.Kalyanraman and Whitney are used for [dhAtupATha], Reconstruction
column is left blank after first few entries. This is to enable reader to apply his or her
own self, as exercise, if you like to call it that.

The primal principle in [vAk] speech is [para] the seed of thought or concept,
[pashyanti] its growth and consolidation. growth until it can be "literally" seen in the
mind, [mAdhyama] the medium for best expression involving process of search in
vocabulary base and eventually fructifying into [vAk] speech.

The same principle is applicable for reconstruction of Maya words. First we have
concept generally spelt out by the Maya English Dictionaries as dictionary meaning. We
need to let that sink in into our minds. Then look up the [dhAtupATha] for the [dhAtu]
elements that describe the concept best. The good news is that you may find it. If you do
not, at first go, the good news again is that you need more verbose Sanskrit English
Dictionaries. If you do not even then, Indian Lexicon with over 200,000 entries ought to
help. If it does not, then you have a unique Maya element [dhAtu]. And such Maya
sourced elements can be used to understand the not understandable or misunderstood
Sanskrit words in literature.

All this may appear tedium but it is not. The section Materials and Methods gives very
simple search techniques using no specially developed software but using tools that are
already in your computer. If you do not have these simple tools you should update
yourself and get them.

Work on Maya Concordance with Bharath India languages started in real earnest after a
strange discouraging response from a member of an e-group. The author of this book
had posted a note that Maya could be understood better if the [barakhadi] system of
[svara] [vya~jjana] taught traditionally in India were applied. The response was a bit
caustic and referred an article written by somebody that "nothing should be made of
languages in distant places having some common words". Statistics and probabilities
were quoted for this. And he was right too!
So how is this work different?

This work does no aim to find same sounding words with a common meaning in the two
rather very, very unequal sets. And could not too!

Available vocabulary of all Maya languages in South and Meso America, as given in the
Maya Preliminary Etymological dictionary has about 40,000 entries. No single
dictionary of any Maya language dictionary has more than 7000 -8000 listed words!

On the other hand, Monier Williams Dictionary has more than 3,00,000 entries. Indian
Lexicon compiled by Dr.S.Kalyanraman has 2,19,000 entries. The [dhAtupATha] lists
2000 odd [dhAtu]. Whitney, lists only 813 entries. He said the rest were never used at all
in either ancient or later Sanskrit! Then how come there are so many [dhAtu]?

A highly significant initial help was received from article mentioned before. "Nothing
should be made of languages in distant places having some common words". Here was a
case of very few when Maya and Indian languages are compared! When one small
population of words is compared with another that is huge there should be greater
likelihood of finding more same sounding words with same meaning. This is under
normal laws of probability. But it was most surprising to find so few. What does this
mean? This could imply that the two sets are different. Are we comparing mangoes with
llamas? That is one limited viewpoint to close shop. Ought we to do that? What if the
elements of mangoes were to be compared with the elements of llamas? Technically, and
scientifically there should be very great commonality. Hence, [dhAtu] from
[dhatupATha] was used. True enough a very high degree of commonality and
concordance was found.

This is not the end of the story but its beginning. [dhAtu] elements need to be structured
to form [shabda] words and [shabda] words with other [shabda] words. There must some
method or grammar. There will be dealt with in later chapters.
Chakchiquel Maya & Bharath Languages - Sanskrit

Chakchiquel dhAtupATha Monier-Williams Sanskrit English Reconstruction

Maya Dictionary
a | [Achya] ~> Ac{}Ac{}to 00025842 * [Acya]1[^acya] ind. Give with
_v._ To worship; to honour p. ( fr. [^ac] ), bending ( the knee ) humility
receive or to revere @ I. #ŚBr. #ĀśvGṛ.00025843 *
(Brasseur); to (group 1155 [AcyA]2[^'acyA] Ved. ind. p. id.
give with.#10 dhAtu)~> #RV. x, 15, 6
yaj{}yaj{}to make
an oblation to a
deity; to associate
with; to sacrifice; to
worship; to give;
deri. is.t.a;
yas.t.avya; ya_jya;
yas.t.um; samijya;
is.t.va_ @ I. (group
1155 dhAtu)
a | [Achyaic] ~> Ac{}Ac{}to 00025843 * [Acya]1[^acya] ind. Given with
_n._ That worship; to honour p. ( fr. [^ac] ), bending ( the knee ) humility
which is or to revere @ I. #ŚBr. #ĀśvGṛ.00025843 *
given along (group 1155 [AcyA]2[^'acyA] Ved. ind. p. id.
with dhAtu)~> #RV. x, 15, 6
something yaj{}yaj{}to make
else; _yaic_, an oblation to a
passive verbal deity; to associate
from _ya_, to with; to sacrifice; to
give.#11 worship; to give;
deri. is.t.a;
yas.t.avya; ya_jya;
yas.t.um; samijya;
is.t.va_ @ I. (group
1155 dhAtu)
a | [ahauh] ~> ah{}ah{}to 00032214 * [AhUrya]2[A-hUrya] one to whom
_n._ Ruler, pervade @ V mfn. one to whom homage is to be homage is to
chief, lord. (group 40 paid[---]00032215 ~> to be made be paid
See p. 36.#14 dhAtu)~> favourable #RV. i, 69, 4[---]
aha{}vyAptau @
Chakchiquel dhAtupATha Monier-Williams Sanskrit English Reconstruction
Maya Dictionary
dhAtupATha
a | [ahauarem] ~> ah{}ah{}to 00032214 * [AhUrya]2[A-hUrya] one to whom
_n._ Majesty, pervade @ V mfn. one to whom homage is to be homage is to
power.#15 (group 40 paid[---]00032215 ~> to be made be paid
dhAtu)~> favourable #RV. i, 69, 4[---]
aha{}vyAptau @
dhAtupATha
a | [ahilah] ~> ah{}ah{}to 00023659 * [ah]1[ah]2 cl. 5. P. This is form of
_v._ To count pervade @ V [ahnoti], to pervade or occupy[---] divination -
or reckon (group 40 [---]00035291 00033944 * reckoning with
with grains of dhAtu)~> [Ir]1[Ir] cl. 2. Ā. ['Irte] ( 3. pl. higher
corn or cacao, aha{}vyAptau @ ['Irate] #AV. #RV. ), [iraM-cakre], purpose?
after the dhAtupATha~> [iriShyati], [airiShTa],
Indian il{}il{}to sleep; to [Iritum][---]00033945 ~> Ved. inf.
fashion.#17 throw @ VI (group [ir'adhyai] #RV. i, 134, 2, to go,
165 dhAtu)~> move, rise, arise from #RV.[---]
ila{}preraNe @ 00033946 ~> to go away, retire
dhAtupATha~> #AV. xix, 38, 2[---]00033947 ~>
ila{}svapnakShepa to agitate, elevate, raise ( one's
nayoH @ voice ) #RV. : Caus. P. [Ir'ayati]
dhAtupATha~> ( #√ [Il] ), to agitate, throw,
hila{}bhAvakaraNe cast[---]00033948 ~> to excite
@ dhAtupATha #RV. #AV. #MBh. #R. &c.[---]
00033949 ~> to cause to rise[---]
00033950 ~> to bring to life[---]
00033951 ~> to raise one's voice,
utter, pronounce, proclaim, cite
#RV. #ChUp. #Ragh. #Suśr. &c.
[170,3][---]00033952 ~> to
elevate #RV. #VS. #TS. #ŚBr. : Ā.
to raise one's self #AV. #VS.[---]
00033953 * [Ira]2[Ira] m.
wind[---]* [ilA]1['ilA] f. ( closely
connected with ['iDA] and ['irA],
qq.v. ) flow[---]00035292 ~>
speech[---]00035293 ~> the earth,
&c.[---]00035294 ~> See
[iDA][---]00033902 * [ID]1[ID]1
Chakchiquel dhAtupATha Monier-Williams Sanskrit English Reconstruction
Maya Dictionary
cl. 2. Ā. ['ITTe] ( 2. sg. pres.
[IDiSe], Ved. [ILiSe], pf. [ID'e]
fut. [IDiShyate] aor. [aiDiShTa].
inf. [IDitum], Ved. [ILe], &c. ) to
implore, request, ask for ( with
two acc. )[---]00033903 ~> to
praise #RV. #AV. #VS. #R. #BhP.
&c. : Caus. P. [IDayati], to ask[---]
00033904 ~> to praise #BhP.[---]
00033905 * [ID]2[ID]2 [T] f.
praise, extolling #RV. viii, 39,
1[---]00033906 * [IDana]2[IDana]
n. the act of praising #L.[---]
00033907 * [IDA]2[IDA] f.
praise, commendation #L.[---]
00033908 * [IDita]2[IDita] or
mfn. implored, requested #RV.[---]
* [laND]1[laND] ( #[olaND] ), cl.
10. P. [laNDayati], to throw or
toss up #Pāṇ. Dhātup. xxi, ii,
9[---]~> to speak #ib. xxxiii,
125[---]
a | [ahilan] ~> ah{}ah{}to 00023659 * [ah]1[ah]2 cl. 5. P. Ordinary
_v._ To count, pervade @ V [ahnoti], to pervade or occupy[---] reckoning ?
to number.#18 (group 40 [---]00035291 00033944 *
dhAtu)~> [Ir]1[Ir] cl. 2. Ā. ['Irte] ( 3. pl.
aha{}vyAptau @ ['Irate] #AV. #RV. ), [iraM-cakre],
dhAtupATha~> [iriShyati], [airiShTa],
il{}il{}to sleep; to [Iritum][---]00033945 ~> Ved. inf.
throw @ VI (group [ir'adhyai] #RV. i, 134, 2, to go,
165 dhAtu)~> move, rise, arise from #RV.[---]
ila{}preraNe @ 00033946 ~> to go away, retire
dhAtupATha~> #AV. xix, 38, 2[---]00033947 ~>
ila{}svapnakShepa to agitate, elevate, raise ( one's
nayoH @ voice ) #RV. : Caus. P. [Ir'ayati]
dhAtupATha~> ( #√ [Il] ), to agitate, throw,
hila{}bhAvakaraNe cast[---]00033948 ~> to excite
@ dhAtupATha #RV. #AV. #MBh. #R. &c.[---]
00033949 ~> to cause to rise[---]
Chakchiquel dhAtupATha Monier-Williams Sanskrit English Reconstruction
Maya Dictionary
00033950 ~> to bring to life[---]
00033951 ~> to raise one's voice,
utter, pronounce, proclaim, cite
#RV. #ChUp. #Ragh. #Suśr. &c.
[170,3][---]00033952 ~> to
elevate #RV. #VS. #TS. #ŚBr. : Ā.
to raise one's self #AV. #VS.[---]
00033953 * [Ira]2[Ira] m.
wind[---]* [ilA]1['ilA] f. ( closely
connected with ['iDA] and ['irA],
qq.v. ) flow[---]00035292 ~>
speech[---]00035293 ~> the earth,
&c.[---]00035294 ~> See
[iDA][---]00033902 * [ID]1[ID]1
cl. 2. Ā. ['ITTe] ( 2. sg. pres.
[IDiSe], Ved. [ILiSe], pf. [ID'e]
fut. [IDiShyate] aor. [aiDiShTa].
inf. [IDitum], Ved. [ILe], &c. ) to
implore, request, ask for ( with
two acc. )[---]00033903 ~> to
praise #RV. #AV. #VS. #R. #BhP.
&c. : Caus. P. [IDayati], to ask[---]
00033904 ~> to praise #BhP.[---]
00033905 * [ID]2[ID]2 [T] f.
praise, extolling #RV. viii, 39,
1[---]00033906 * [IDana]2[IDana]
n. the act of praising #L.[---]
00033907 * [IDA]2[IDA] f.
praise, commendation #L.[---]
00033908 * [IDita]2[IDita] or
mfn. implored, requested #RV.[---]
* [laND]1[laND] ( #[olaND] ), cl.
10. P. [laNDayati], to throw or
toss up #Pāṇ. Dhātup. xxi, ii,
9[---]~> to speak #ib. xxxiii,
125[---]
a | [ahlabal] ~> labh{}labh{}to 00191487 * [lAbh]1[lAbh] cl. 10. ah- prefix is
_n._ Warrior, get; to obtain; to P. [lAbhayati], to throw, direct indicator - The
fighting man. take; to have to #Pāṇ. Dhātup. xxxv, 8 81[---] person with
Chakchiquel dhAtupATha Monier-Williams Sanskrit English Reconstruction
Maya Dictionary
See find; to be able; to 00191488 * [labh]1[labh] ( #√ attributes [see
_Labal_.#19 know; der. labdha; [rabh] ), cl. 1. Ā. ( #Pāṇ. Dhātup. highlighted
labhya; labdhrima xxiii, 6 ) [labhate] ( ep. also [°ti] words]
(produced by gain); and [lambhate][---]00190500 ~>
labha_ (gain) @ I. pf. [lebh'e], ep. also [lalAbha][---]
(group 1155 dhAtu) 00190501 ~> aor. [alabdha],
[alapsata] #Br.[---]00190502 ~>
Prec. [lapsIya] #Pāṇ. 8-2, 504
#Sch.[---]00190503 ~> fut.
[labdhA] Gr.[---]00190504 ~>
[lapsyate], [°ti] #Br. &c.[---]
00190505 ~> [labhiShyati]
#Kāv[---]00190506 ~> inf.
[labdhum] #MBh.[---]00190507
~> ind. p. [labdhv'A] #AV.
&c.[---]00190508 ~> [-labhya],
[-lambham] #Br. &c.[---]
00190509 ~> [lAbham] #Pāṇ. 7-
1, 69 ), to take, seize, catch[---]
00190510 ~> catch sight of, meet
with, find #Br. &c. &c. ( with
[antaram], to find an opportunity,
make an impression, be
effective[---]00190511 ~> with
[avakAsham], to find scope, be
appropriate[---]00190512 ~> with
[kAlam], to find the right time or
moment )[---]00190513 ~> to gain
possession of, obtain, receive,
conceive, get, receive ( ` from ',
abl.[---]00190514 ~> ` as ', acc. ),
recover #ib. ( with [garbham], ` to
conceive an embryo ', ` become
pregnant '[---]00190515 ~> with
[padam], to obtain a footing )[---]
00190516 ~> to gain the power of
( doing anything ), succeed in, be
permitted or allowed to ( inf. or
dat., e. g. [labhate draShTum], or
Chakchiquel dhAtupATha Monier-Williams Sanskrit English Reconstruction
Maya Dictionary
[darshanAya], ` he is able or
allowed to see ' ) #ChUp. #MBh.
&c.[---]00190517 ~> to possess,
have #Sāh. #MārkP.[---]00190518
~> to perceive, know, understand,
learn, find out #Kathās. #Kull. :
Pass. [labhy'ate] ( ep. also
[°ti][---]00190519 ~> aor.
[alAbhi] or [alambhi], with prep.
only [alambhi][---]00190520 ~>
##Pāṇ. 7-1, 69 #Kāś. ), to be
taken or caught or met with or
found or got or obtained #Br. &c.
&c.[---]00190521 ~> to be
allowed or permitted ( inf.
sometimes with pass. sense, e. g.
[n^adharmo labhyate kartum], `
injustice ought not to be done ',
#above ) #Kathās[---]00190522
~> to follow, result #Sāh.
#Sarvad[---]00190523 ~> to be
comprehended by ( abl. )
#Bhāshāp. : Caus. [lambhayati],
[°te] ( aor. [alalambhat] ), to
cause to take or receive or obtain,
give, bestow ( generally with two
acc.[---]00190524 ~> rarely with
acc. and instr. = to present
with[---]00190525 ~> in #Kir. ii,
55 with two acc. and instr.[---]
00190526 ~> ##Vām. v, 2, 10 )
#MBh. #Kāv. &c.[---]00190527
~> to get, procure ( #[lambhita] )
[---]00190528 ~> to find out,
discover #Mn. viii, 109[---]
00190529 ~> to cause to suffer
#MW.[---]00190530 ~> Desid.
[l'ipsate] ( m. c. also [°ti] #TBr.
[lIpsate] ), to wish to seize or take
Chakchiquel dhAtupATha Monier-Williams Sanskrit English Reconstruction
Maya Dictionary
or catch or obtain or receive ( with
acc. or gen.[---]00190531 ~> `
from ', abl. ) #TBr. &c. &c. :
Intens. [lAlabhyate], [lAlambhIti]
or [lAlabdhi] Gr. [Gk. ? ; Lat.
[labor] ; Lith. [l'abas], [l'obis].]
[896 ,2][---]
a | [abah] _n._ ~> bhRu{}bhr.{}to 00009617 * [ab]2[ab] for words That which has
A stone; a jar; support; to bear; to beginning thus, s. v. [ab-indhana], attributes [see
the private have; to fill; deri. [ab-ja], &c.[---]00009618 * highlighted
parts.#2 bhr.ta; bha_rya; [apa]1['apa] ind. ( as a prefix to words]
bhartum; bhr.tva_ nouns and verbs, expresses ) away,
@ I. (group 1155 off, back ( opposed to ['upa],
dhAtu) ['anu], [sam], [pra] )[---]00009619
~> down ( opposed to [ud] )[---]
00011806 * [abahir]1[a-bahir] ind.
` not outside ', in interior, in one's
heart #BhP.[---]* [bhara]1[bh'ara]
mf ( [A] ) n. ( √ [bhRu] ) bearing,
carrying, bringing[---]~> a burden,
load, weight ( also a partic.
measure of weight = [bhAra], q.v.
#L. ) #Hariv. #Kāv. &c. ( acc. with
√ [kRu], to place one's weight,
support one's self #Hit. )[---]
a | [ahpop] 00023659 * [ah]1[ah]2 cl. 5. P. The person that
_n._ The head [ahnoti], to pervade or occupy[---] is in position
chief. “_El 00023660 * [aha]1['aha]1 ind. ( as and has
cacique a particle implying ascertainment, attributes [see
mayor._[TN- affirmation, certainty, &c. ) surely, highlighted
33] See p. certainly #RV. #AV. #ŚBr.[---] words]
36.#21 00023661 ~> ( as explaining,
defining ) namely #ŚBr.[---]
00023662 ~> ( as admitting,
limiting, &c. ) it is true, I grant,
granted, indeed, at least #ŚBr. [For
rules of accentuation necessitated
in a phrase by particle ['aha], cf.
Chakchiquel dhAtupATha Monier-Williams Sanskrit English Reconstruction
Maya Dictionary
#Pāṇ. 8-1, 24 seqq.][---]00023663
* [aha]1['aha]2 n. ( only #Ved.[---]
00023664 ~> nom. pl. ['ahA] #RV.
#AV.[---]00023665 ~> gen. pl.
['ahAnAm] #RV. viii, 22, 13 ) =
['aHar], q.v., a day[---]00023666
~> often ifc. [ah'a] m. ( e. g.
[dvAdash^ah'a], [try-ah'a], [ShaD-
ah'a], &c. ) or n. ( e. g.
[puNy^ah'a], [bhadr^ah'a], and
[sudin^aha] )[---]00023667 ~>
also [ahna] s. v.[---]*
[popuva]2[popuva] mfn. ( fr.
Intens. ) purifying much or
repeatedly #Pāṇ. 1-1, 4 #Sch.[---]
a | [ah-tzih] ~> ah{}ah{}to 00089009 * [jihva]1[jihv'a] mfn. ah - indicator
_n._ Speaker, pervade @ V ( said of Agni ) #MaitrS. i, 3, 35 of elevated
orator. See p. (group 40 dhAtu) ( for [yahv'a] of #Padap. and #RV. postion. using
37.#23 iii, 2, 9 )[---]00089010 ~> m. the [see
tongue #Hariv. 6325 f.[---] highlighted
00089011 ~> ( ['A] ) f. ( = words]
[juh'U] ) id. #RV. #AV. &c. ( ifc. f.
[A] #MBh. iii, 16137 #Hcat. )[---]
00089012 ~> the tongue or
tongues of Agni, i. e. various
forms of flame ( 3 are named #RV.
iii, 20, 2[---]00089013 ~>
generally 7 #VS. xvii, 79
#MuṇḍUp. i, 2, 4 [[kAlI],
[karAlI], [mano-javA], [su-
lohitA], [su-dhUmra-varNA],
[sphuli~gginI], [vishvarUpI]]
#Hemac[---]00089014 ~>
#[sapt'a-jihva][---]00089015 ~>
also identified with the 7 winds
[pra-], [A-], [ud-], [saM-], [vi-],
[pari-], and [ni-vaha] )[---]
00089016 ~> the tongue of a
balance #Hcat. i, 5, 163[---]
Chakchiquel dhAtupATha Monier-Williams Sanskrit English Reconstruction
Maya Dictionary
00089017 ~> speech ( #Naigh. i,
11 ) #RV. iii, 57, 5[---]00089018
~> the root of Tabernaemontana
coronaria #L.[---]00089019 ~>
#[dv'i-], [m'adhu-], [su-][---]
00089020 ~> [agni-jihv'a] &c. ;
[#Lat. [lingua] ; Goth.
[tuggo1].][---]
a | [ah- ~> 00077985 * [khav]1[khav] ( cl. 9.
[kh]ib][TN- khava{}bhUtaprAd P. [khaunAti], or [khunAti] ), v. l.
34] _n._ A urbhAve @ for √ [khac] #Pāṇ. Dhātup. xxxi,
scribe.#24 dhAtupATha 59[---]00077086 * [khac]1[khac]
00169725 * cl. 1. P. [°cati] ( only p. p.
[bhUta]2[bhUt'a] [°cat] ), to come forth, project ( as
mf ( [A] ) n. teeth ) #Kathās. xxiii[---]
become, been, 00077087 ~> xxvi: cl. 9. P.
gone, past ( n. the [khacJAti], to be born again #Pāṇ.
past ) #RV. &c. Dhātup. xxxi, 59[---]00077088 ~>
&c.[---]00169726 to cause prosperity #ib.[---]
~> actually 00077089 ~> to purify #ib. : cl.
happened, true, real 10. P. [khacayati], to fasten, bind
( n. an actual #ib. xxxv, 84[---]
occurrence, fact,
matter of fact,
reality ) #Yājñ. #R.
&c.[---]
a | [akah] _n._ ~> 00077823 * [khard]1[khard] cl. 1.
A hornet.#25 khard{}khard{}to P. [°dati], to bite, sting, sting
bite; to sting @ I. venomously #Pāṇ. Dhātup. iii, 23
(group 1155
dhAtu)~>
kharda{}dandashU
ke @
dhAtupATha00247
147 *
[shUka]1[shUka]
m. n. ( g.
[ardharc^adi][---]
Chakchiquel dhAtupATha Monier-Williams Sanskrit English Reconstruction
Maya Dictionary
00247148 ~>
derivation
doubtful ) the awn
of grain #R.
#Sarvad. #KātyŚr.
#Sch.[---]00247149
~> a bristle,
spicule, spike ( esp.
the bristle or sharp
hair of insects &c. )
#W.[---]00247150
~> the sheath or
calyx of a bud
#L.[---]00247151
~> pity,
compassion ( in
[niH-shUka] )
#L.[---]00247152
~> m. a species of
grain ( #[dIrgha-
sh°] ) #Suśr.
#Bhpr.[---]
00247153 ~>
sorrow, grief.
#L.[---]00247154
~> = [abhi-Shava]
#L.[---]00247155
~> ( [A] ), f.
scruple, doubt #L.
[1085,3][---]
00247156 ~>
Mucuna Pruritus
#L.[---]00247157
~> the sting of an
insect ( #above ),
anything that stings
or causes pain
#Suśr. #Car.[---]
00247158 ~> a
Chakchiquel dhAtupATha Monier-Williams Sanskrit English Reconstruction
Maya Dictionary
partic. insect
( produced in water
and applied
externally as an
aphrodisiac ) #ib.
#Bhpr.[---]
00247159 ~> a
kind of grass
#L.[---]
a | [akan] _n._ ~> kaN{}kan.{}to * [ak]1[ak] cl. 1. P. [akati], to
Leg, foot.#26 go or approach @ I. move tortuously ( like a snake )
(group 1155 [---]~> #Cf. √ [ag] and √
dhAtu)[---]~> [a~jc][---]* [aka]1[aka]1 suffix
kaNa{m}&{}gatau [aka] ( [akac] )[---]* [an]1[an]2 cl.
@ dhAtupATha 2. P. ['aniti] or ['anati], [ana],
[aniShyati], ['AnIt] [#RV. x, 129,
2], to breathe, respire, gasp[---]~>
to live[---]~> to move, go [#cf.
Gk. ? [24 ,1] Lat. [animus]]: Caus.
[Anayati]: Desid. [aniniShati]
a | [al] _n._ ~> al{}al{}to 00018046 * [al]1[al] cl. 1. P. 21-09-07
Son, adorn; to be [alati], to adorn[---]00018047 ~>
child.#27 competent or able to be competent or able[---]
@ I. (group 1155 00018048 ~> to prevent [The root
dhAtu)~> is evidently invented for
ala{}bhUShaNapar derivation of [alam], q.v.][---][---]
yAptivAraNeShu 00029998 * [Ala]1[Ala] n.
@ dhAtupATha spawn[---]00029999 ~> any
discharge of poisonous matter
from venomous animals #Suśr.
#Kauś[---]00030000 ~> yellow
arsenic, orpiment #Suśr.[---]
00030001 ~> m. N. of an ape
#Kathās. 57, 136[---]00030002 ~>
( mfn. ) not little or insignificant,
excellent #L.[---]