WK2TUTE2013

CLARIFICATIONDIRECTEDTO
MGUMULYA(BENTLEY)
NDarmawan(BENTLEY)

TOPIC:Understandingtheconceptsofequationsofcontinuityandmomentum,andtheBernoulli
equation

1. Soybeanoilisbeingpumpedthroughapipeof0.7cmdiameteratasteadymassflowrateof
0.92kg/s.Apumpsupplies209.2J/kgmassoffluidflowing.Theentranceabsolutepressure
intheinletpipetothepumpis103.4kN/m2.Theexitsectionofthepipedownstreamfrom
thepumpis3.35mabovetheentranceandtheexitpressureis172.4kN/m2.Calculatethe
frictionlossinthesystem.Thetemperatureis303K.Thedensityofsoybeanoilatthis
temperatureis919kg/m3anditsviscosity0.04Pa.s.

2. Inaverticalwettedwalltower,thefluidflowsdowntheinsideasathinfilmhmthickin
laminarflowintheverticalzdirection.UsetheNavierStokesequationtodeterminethe
velocityprofilev
z
asafunctionofx,thedistancefromtheliquidsurfacefromthewall.The
fluidisatalargedistancefromtheentrance,anditisNewtonianandincompressible.
DeterminethevolumetricrateofthefluidflowifthewidthofthewalltowerisW.

3. Wewouldliketodeterminethevelocityprofileofafluidflowinginsidetheannulusbetween
twoconcentrichorizontalpipesinaheatexchanger.Lettheradiusoftheinnercylinderbe
R
1
,andtheoutercylinderR
2
.Atthisstage,weassumethatthechangeintemperatureisnot
sufficientlylargetoaffecttheflowpropertiesofthefluid,i.e.itsdensityandviscosityare
roughlyconstantthroughoutthesystem.Atthisstage,weknowthatthevelocityinthe
annulusreachesamaximumataradiusr=r
max
.Determiner
max
intermsofthedensityand
viscosityofthefluid,aswellastheparametersofR
1
andR
2
.

Hint:Mostofthetermsintheequationofmotioncanceloutforthisparticularproblem.See
mylecturenotes.
EquationofContinuity
Cartesiancoordinates(x,y,z):
( ) ( ) ( ) 0 =
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
z y x
v
z
v
y
v
x t

Cylindricalcoordinates(r,u,z):
( ) ( ) ( ) 0
1 1
=
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
z r
v
z
v
r
rv
r r t

u

EquationofMotion(constantand)
Cartesiancoordinates(x,y,z):
x
x x x x
z
x
y
x
x
x
g
z
v
y
v
x
v
x
p
z
v
v
y
v
v
x
v
v
t
v
+
(

c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
2
2
2
2
2
2

y
y y y y
z
y
y
y
x
y
g
z
v
y
v
x
v
y
p
z
v
v
y
v
v
x
v
v
t
v
+
(
(

c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
2
2
2
2
2
2

z
z z z z
z
z
y
z
x
z
g
z
v
y
v
x
v
z
p
z
v
v
y
v
v
x
v
v
t
v
+
(

c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
2
2
2
2
2
2

Cylindricalcoordinates(r,u,z):
( )
r
r r
r
r
z
r r
r
r
g
d
v
r z
v v
r
rv
r r r r
p
r
v
z
v
v
v
r
v
r
v
v
t
v

u u

u u u
+
(

c
c
+
c
c
+
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
=
|
|
.
|

\
|

c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2 1 1
( )
u
u u
u
u u u u u u

u u

u u
g
d
v
r z
v v
r
rv
r r r
p
r r
v v
z
v
v
v
r
v
r
v
v
t
v
r r
z r
+
(

c
+
c
c
+
c
c
+ |
.
|

\
|
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
= |
.
|

\
|

c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
2 2
2
2
2
2
2 1 1 1
z
z z z z
z
z z
r
z
g
z
v v
r dr
v
r
r r z
p
z
v
v
v
r
v
r
v
v
t
v

u
+
(

c
c
+
c
c
+ |
.
|

\
| c
c
c
+
c
c
= |
.
|

\
|
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
2
2
2
2
2
1 1