The Respiratory System

Common Ailments of the Respiratory System

Grade 5 Lourdes School of Mandaluyong

Before anything else

Lets review the parts of the respiratory system

The Human Respiratory System

The Lung Model

Air in

Air out

Diaphragm

Diaphragm

Again
Air in
when the diaphragm goes down, the lungs expand, air goes in [inhale]

Diaphragm

And again
when the diaphragm goes up, the lungs are pushed, air goes out [exhale]

Air out

Diaphragm

Got it?

Does this look familiar?

Common Respiratory Ailments

Upper respiratory infection - Common cold - Sinusitis Influenza Pneumonia Bronchitis Asthma

The Common Cold

The Common Cold

The Common Cold

Some experience multiple times in 1 year Rhinoviruses are the most common viral agents

Wait! Rhino, what?

The Common Cold

Rhinovirus

The Common Cold

Highly contagious Spread by - sneezing, - coughing, or - hand contact with the nose, eyes, or face

The Common Cold

Not caused by - a change in weather, - loss of sleep, - going outside with wet hair, or - fatigue

Now, you know

The Common Cold -Signs & Symptoms

May last 2 4 days Sneezing, coughing, malaise may last from 6 10 days or possibly up to 3 weeks

The Common Cold -Signs & Symptoms

headache nasal congestion scratchy throat hoarseness cough sore throat

The Common Cold - Treatment & Cure

No curative treatment

So, what should we do?

The Common Cold - Treatment & Cure

Fluids Rest Cough syrups are also helpful

Sinusitis

Sinusitis

Sinusitis
Symptoms may last 10 14 days Usually caused by bacteria: - Hemophilus influenzae and - Streptococcus pneumoniae

Sinusitis - Signs & Symptoms

a feeling of fullness and pressure over the involved sinuses nasal congestion

Sinusitis - Signs & Symptoms

sore throat low grade fever headache toothache cough > 1 week

Sinusitis - Treatment & Cure

Rest Fluids Antibiotics may be appropriate in certain patients

Influenza

Influenza (The Flu)

Influenza
Responsible for over 4 million respiratory illnesses each year Attributable for up to 40,000 deaths and 200,000 hospitalizations annually

Influenza
Several types including - Influenza A - Influenza B

Influenza - Signs & Symptoms

high fever exhaustion generalized aches, and cough

Influenza - Signs & Symptoms

headache, nasal congestion, sneezing, and sore throat

Influenza - Treatment & Cure

Analgesics (fever medicine) Cough syrups for supportive therapy

Pneumonia

Pneumonia
Most commonly community-acquired Bacterial agents are - Streptococcus pneumoniae - Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Pneumonia

Pneumonia

Lungs get filled with fluid

Pneumonia -Signs & Symptoms

fever or hypothermia cough with or without sputum chest discomfort sweats

Pneumonia -Treatment & Care

Rest Fluids Medicine for cough, fever and infection Oxygen (if breathing is very difficult)

Bronchitis

Bronchitis
The bronchi is swollen making it difficult to breath

Bronchitis

Bronchitis
Similar treatment with pneumonia and other respiratory ailments

Asthma

Asthma

Asthma
Swelling of the airways caused by allergens such as:

and these

This what happens

Lets compare

No wonder you need this

The puffer

Asthma -Signs & Symptoms

wheezing cough (dry or productive) chest tightness difficulty completing sentences

Lets revisit

Common Respiratory Ailments

Upper respiratory infection - Common cold - Sinusitis Influenza Pneumonia Bronchitis Asthma

Plenary
Sources: Tamra N. Fortenberry, MD Department of Ob/Gyn The University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN www.wikipedia.org Williams Obstetrics, 21st Edition, 2001, Washington Manual Up to Date, www.uptodate.com, Obstetrics and gynecology, Ling & Duff

The End