Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

Chapter 08 Joints of the Skeletal System

Multiple Choice Questions 1. Joints A. bind bones. B. allow bones to grow. C. enable body parts to move. D. often contain cartilage. E. all of the above

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.01 Topic: Skeletal System

2. Joints are also called A. annotations. B. articulations. C. periosteum. D. ligaments. E. medullary cavities.

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.01 Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

3. Classifying joints as synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, or diarthrotic represents A. location in the body. B. the color of the joint. C. the number of bones that the joint affects. D. the degree of movement possible at the joint. E. the composition of the joint.

Difficulty Level: Evaluate/Create Learning Outcome: 08.02 Topic: Skeletal System

4. Types of fibrous joints include A. synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, and diarthrotic joints. B. syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis joints. C. synchondrosis, symphysis, and synovial joints. D. pivot, condylar, and ellipsoidal joints. E. plane, hinge, and saddle joints.

Difficulty Level: Evaluate/Create Learning Outcome: 08.02 Topic: Skeletal System

5. A suture is an example of a(n) A. fibrous joint. B. cartilagenous joint. C. synovial joint. D. plane joint. E. none of the above.

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.02 Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

6. A tooth root attached to a jawbone by a periodontal ligament is a _____ joint. A. synchondrosis B. syndesmosis C. gomphosis D. synovial E. symphsis

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.02 Topic: Skeletal System

7. The joint that separates two vertebrae is a(n) A. symphysis that is amphiarthrotic. B. symphysis that is synarthrotic. C. symphysis that is diarthrotic D. synovial that is diarthrotic E. synovial that is synarthrotic

Difficulty Level: Evaluate/Create Learning Outcome: 08.02 Topic: Skeletal System

8. Cartilagenous joints are connected by A. synovial fluid. B. fibrous connective tissue. C. hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. D. a joint capsule. E. nervous tissue.

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.02 Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

9. A fibrous joint in which an interosseous ligament binds bones is a A. suture. B. syndesmosis. C. gomphosis. D. symphysis. E. hypothesis.

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.02 Topic: Skeletal System

10. A gomphosis is a(n) ______ joint. A. fibrous B. cartilagenous C. synovial D. ball-and-socket E. synchondrosis

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.02 Topic: Skeletal System

11. A synchondrosis A. allows bone growth. B. equalizes pressure between vertebrae. C. includes a joint capsule. D. allows free movement. E. is formed by the bodies of two adjacent vertebrae.

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.02 Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

12. Which of the following is not a type of fibrous joint? A. Syndesmosis B. Coronal suture C. Gomphosis D. Symphysis E. Sagittal suture

Difficulty Level: Evaluate/Create Learning Outcome: 08.02 Topic: Skeletal System

13. A synovial membrane A. has tiny blood vessels. B. secretes serous fluid. C. stores nervous tissue. D. secretes synovial fluid. E. all of the above.

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.03 Topic: Skeletal System

14. Bones of a synovial joint are held together by A. a synovial membrane. B. a joint capsule. C. a meniscus. D. a bursa. E. articular cartilage.

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.03 Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

15. Greg trips over a toy and experiences a sharp pain. His physician diagnosis a torn meniscus. Greg has injured his A. knee joint. B. elbow joint. C. shoulder joint. D. hip joint. E. pelvis.

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze Learning Outcome: 08.03 Topic: Skeletal System

16. Articular cartilage receives oxygen and nutrients from A. a direct blood supply. B. blood vessels in underlying spongy bone. C. surrounding synovial fluid. D. chondrocytes. E. fatty pads in the joint.

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.03 Topic: Skeletal System

17. When a joint is immobilized for a prolonged time, there is danger that A. synovial fluid will increase. B. synovial fluid will decrease. C. articular cartilage will thicken. D. articular cartilage will degenerate. E. articular cartilage will ossify.

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze Learning Outcome: 08.03 Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

18. A joint capsule is reinforced by A. tendons binding articular ends of bones together. B. articular cartilage cushioning ends of bones. C. ligaments binding articular ends of bones together. D. hyaline cartilage providing strength to the capsule walls. E. none of the above.

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.03 Topic: Skeletal System

19. Fluid-filled sacs containing synovial fluid are called A. peduncles. B. menisci. C. ligaments. D. tendons. E. bursae.

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.03 Topic: Skeletal System

20. Fibrocartilage discs that divide the joint into two compartments are called A. menisci. B. bursae. C. capsules. D. ligaments. E. tendons.

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.03 Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

21. Which of the following is not a synovial joint? A. Condylar B. Ball-and-socket C. Saddle D. Symphysis E. Hinge

Difficulty Level: Evaluate/Create Learning Outcome: 08.04 Topic: Skeletal System

22. In which of the following is rotational movement possible? A. Ball-and-socket joint B. Condylar joint C. Hinge joint D. Pelvic joint E. All of the above

Difficulty Level: Evaluate/Create Learning Outcome: 08.04 Topic: Skeletal System

23. Most of the joints in the ankle and wrist are A. hinge joints. B. pivot joints. C. plane joints. D. condylar joints. E. fibrous joints.

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.04 Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

24. A muscle end attached to a relatively immovable part is called the A. symphysis. B. articulation. C. origin. D. insertion. E. beginning.

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.05 Topic: Skeletal System

25. Which of the following terms and descriptions is correctly paired? A. extension-bending the leg at the knee or decreasing the angle between the upper and lower leg B. abduction-lifting the arm horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body or moving a part away from the midline C. flexion-straightening parts at a joint so that the angle between them is increased D. adduction-moving a part in a circle or returning the arm from the horizontal position to the front of the body E. supination-turning the hand so the palm is downward

Difficulty Level: Evaluate/Create Learning Outcome: 08.05 Topic: Skeletal System

26. The coracohumeral ligament is associated with the A. knee joint. B. hip joint. C. elbow joint. D. large toe joint. E. shoulder joint.

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.06 Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

27. Which of the following movements could occur at the hip joint? A. Abduction B. Adduction C. Flexion D. Extension E. all of the above

Difficulty Level: Evaluate/Create Learning Outcome: 08.06 Topic: Skeletal System

28. The largest and most complex synovial joint is the A. hip joint. B. knee joint. C. elbow joint. D. shoulder joint. E. finger joints.

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.06 Topic: Skeletal System

29. The radial collateral ligament is associated with the A. hip joint. B. shoulder joint. C. knee joint. D. elbow joint. E. none of the above.

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.06 Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

30. The rotator cuff of the shoulder is composed mainly of A. muscle fibers. B. articular cartilage. C. epithelium and loose connective tissue. D. tendons and fibrous connective tissue. E. adipose and epithelial tissue.

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.06 Topic: Skeletal System

31. A dislocation of the shoulder is most likely to occur during forceful A. circumduction. B. adduction. C. flexion. D. extension. E. abduction.

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.06 Topic: Skeletal System

32. Displacement and deformity of a joint is called A. bursitis. B. sprain. C. dislocation. D. ankylosis. E. arthritis.

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.06 Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

33. The hip joint has less freedom of movement than the shoulder joint because A. the joint capsule of the hip is surrounded by muscles and the shoulder is not. B. the articulating parts of the hip are closer than those of the shoulder. C. the hip joint capsule is less elastic than the shoulder. D. the hip has more supportive ligaments than the shoulder. E. the hip joint is more ossified than the shoulder joint.

Difficulty Level: Evaluate/Create Learning Outcome: 08.06 Topic: Skeletal System

34. Movements permitted by the elbow joint between the humerus and the ulna are A. adduction, flexion, and extension. B. movement in any plane. C. flexion and extension. D. rotation and circumduction. E. none of the above.

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.06 Topic: Skeletal System

35. Movement that brings the foot farther from the shin is a(n) A. plantar flexion. B. hyperextension. C. rotation. D. abduction. E. dorsiflexion

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.06 Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

36. A movement that brings the foot closer to the shin is a(n) A. extension. B. abduction. C. adduction. D. dorsiflexion. E. plantar flexion.

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.06 Topic: Skeletal System

37. Activity and exercise A. make joints more vulnerable to injury. B. hasten osteoarthritis. C. keep joints functional longer. D. exacerbate injuries E. increase the number of joints.

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.07 Topic: Skeletal System

38. Disuse of the joints _____ _______ which hastens stiffening. A. causes arthritis B. causes injuries C. hampers blood flow D. degenerates cartilage E. causes cancer

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.07 Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

39. Connie recently celebrated her 45th birthday. She feels okay most of the day, but in the morning, for about a half hour after she gets out of bed, all of her joints feel stiff. This is due to A. sprains. B. torn ligaments. C. changes in collagen structure. D. nerve damage. E. poor circulation.

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze Learning Outcome: 08.07 Topic: Skeletal System

40. Glucosamine and chondroitin are A. types of synovial joints. B. proteins found in joints that are taken as dietary supplements. C. dietary supplements from shells and cow carilage. D. dietary supplements from human cadavers. E. dietary supplements from fish skeletons.

Boxed Reading: Vignette Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Topic: Skeletal System

41. Artificial joints are built of A. glucosamine and chondroitin. B. silicone polymers for small joints and metals for large joints. C. silicone polymers for large joints and metals for small joints. D. proteins for small joints and carbohydrates for large joints. E. wood and copper.

Boxed Reading: Clinical Application 8.1 Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

42. Which of the following is an infection? A. Osteoarthritis B. A sprain C. Bursitis. D. Lyme disease. E. Polydactyly

Boxed Reading: Clinical Application 8.2 Difficulty Level: Evaluate/Create Topic: Skeletal System

43. Which of the following best describes the causes of common forms of arthritis? A. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are autoimmune diseases. B. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are caused by effects of aging. C. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis is caused by effects of aging. D. Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by effects of aging and osteoarthritis is an autoimmune disease. E. Rheumatoid arthritis is a form of cancer and osteoarthritis is not.

Boxed Reading: Clinical Application 8.2 Difficulty Level: Evaluate/Create Topic: Skeletal System

44. In rheumatoid arthritis A. the synovial membrane becomes inflamed and thickens, forming a mass. B. articular cartilage is damaged and fibrous tissue invades. C. fibrous tissues ossify and bones fuse. D. the hands can look very deformed. E. all of the above

Boxed Reading: Clinical Application 8.2 Difficulty Level: Evaluate/Create Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

45. A sprain involves A. inflammation of bursae. B. overstretched or torn ligaments and tendons in a joint. C. inflammation of a synovial membrane. D. overuse of a joint. E. all of the above.

Boxed Reading: Clinical Application 8.2 Difficulty Level: Evaluate/Create Topic: Skeletal System

True / False Questions 46. Another word for joint is frenulation. FALSE

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.01 Topic: Skeletal System

47. The fibrous joints between the flat bones of the skull are sutures. TRUE

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.02 Topic: Skeletal System

48. A synchondrosis is a cartilaginous joint. TRUE

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.02 Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

49. The symphysis pubis is a fibrous joint. FALSE

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.02 Topic: Skeletal System

50. Ossification typically completes after age 40. FALSE

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.02 Topic: Skeletal System

51. The synovial membrane reabsorbs fluid and may help remove substances from an infected joint cavity. TRUE

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.03 Topic: Skeletal System

52. Synovial fluid moistens and lubricates the cartilaginous surfaces in a joint. TRUE

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.03 Topic: Skeletal System

53. A meniscus functions to cushion articulating surfaces of bones. TRUE

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.03 Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

54. Closed, fluid-filled sacs that act as cushions are called bursae. TRUE

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.03 Topic: Skeletal System

55. A ball-and-socket joint is also called an ellipsoidal joint. FALSE

Difficulty Level: Evaluate/Create Learning Outcome: 08.04 Topic: Skeletal System

56. The type of synovial joint in which only rotation may occur is a pivot joint. TRUE

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.04 Topic: Skeletal System

57. A condylar joint allows only up-and-down motion in one plane. FALSE

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.04 Topic: Skeletal System

58. A saddle joint forms between bones whose articulating surfaces have both convex and concave regions. TRUE

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.04 Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

59. In a push-up, the elbow joint flexes as the person lowers. TRUE

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze Learning Outcome: 08.05 Topic: Skeletal System

60. Kicking a soccer ball is flexion of the leg at the knee joint as the foot draws back and then extension as it contacts the ball. TRUE

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze Learning Outcome: 08.05 Topic: Skeletal System

61. Turning the hands so the palms face upward is called pronation. FALSE

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze Learning Outcome: 08.05 Topic: Skeletal System

62. Moving a part away from the midline is abduction. TRUE

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze Learning Outcome: 08.05 Topic: Skeletal System

63. The hip joint allows a greater freedom of movement than the shoulder joint. FALSE

Difficulty Level: Evaluate/Create Learning Outcome: 08.06 Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

64. The patellar ligament connects the medial condyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia. FALSE

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.06 Topic: Skeletal System

65. The elbow joint includes a hinge joint. TRUE

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.06 Topic: Skeletal System

66. The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint. TRUE

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.06 Topic: Skeletal System

67. The basic structure of the knee joint permits flexion and extension. TRUE

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.06 Topic: Skeletal System

68. Fibrous joints are the first to change with age. TRUE

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.07 Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

69. Osteoarthritis is caused by a bacterial infection. FALSE

Boxed Reading: Clinical Application 8.2 Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Topic: Skeletal System

70. Arthritis is a circulatory problem. FALSE

Boxed Reading: Clinical Application 8.2 Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Topic: Skeletal System

Fill in the Blank Questions 71. ________ joints are held together by collagen-rich dense connective tissue. Fibrous

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.02 Topic: Skeletal System

72. A __________ separates the fibula and tibia. syndesmosis or interosseus membrane

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze Learning Outcome: 08.02 Topic: Skeletal System

73. A _______ is a joint formed where a bony socket meets a cone-shaped bony process. gomphosis

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.02 Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

74. Most joints of the skeletal system are _________. synovial

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.03 Topic: Skeletal System

75. Joint capsules may be reinforced by bundles of strong, tough collagenous fibers called ______. ligaments

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.03 Topic: Skeletal System

76. A shiny, vascular lining of loose connective tissue that forms the inner layer of the joint capsule is the _______ membrane. synovial

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.03 Topic: Skeletal System

77. Fluid-filled sacs associated with synovial joints are _______. bursae

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.03 Topic: Skeletal System

78. A joint with articulating surfaces that are nearly flat is a ______ ______. plane joint

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.04 Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

79. A _____ joint is found between a metacarpal and its adjacent phalanx. condylar joint

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.04 Topic: Skeletal System

80. A yoga move in which a foot is grasped and the lower limb brought upwards so the foot touches the buttock is an example of ______. flexion

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze Learning Outcome: 08.05 Topic: Skeletal System

81. Movement at the ankle that brings the foot closer to the shin is ________. dorsiflexion

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze Learning Outcome: 08.05 Topic: Skeletal System

82. Thrusting the head forward to contact an incoming soccer ball is an example of _________. protraction

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze Learning Outcome: 08.05 Topic: Skeletal System

83. The movement of a limb away from the midline is ______. abduction

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.06 Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

84. The movement of a limb around an axis is ______. rotation

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.06 Topic: Skeletal System

85. The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are separated by ______ ______ that act as shock absorbers. intervertebral discs

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.06 Topic: Skeletal System

86. Moving a part backward is called ______. retraction

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.06 Topic: Skeletal System

87. Straightening the leg at the knee is a type of movement called ______. extension

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.06 Topic: Skeletal System

88. The ______ ______ in the knee joint help prevent displacement of the articulating surfaces. cruciate ligaments

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.06 Topic: Skeletal System

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Chapter 08 - Joints of the Skeletal System

89. With advancing age, ________ become less elastic as the cross-links that hold collagen molecules together break down. ligaments

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.07 Topic: Skeletal System

90. A(n) _________ is an instrument used to view the meniscus. arthroscope

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Learning Outcome: 08.07 Topic: Skeletal System

91. In ________, joints are inflamed, swollen, and painful. arthritis

Boxed Reading: Clinical Application 8.2 Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand Topic: Skeletal System

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