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Reference Manual Network Design Module: Positive Train Control Systems Table of Contents
1. Positive Train Control (PTC) Systems
1.1. What is the PTC Section of the Network Design Module? ................................................. NDM-PTC 1 1.2. Installing the Network Design: PTC Systems Module ......................................................... NDM-PTC 2 1.3. Starting a PTC System Design .................................................................................................. NDM-PTC 2 1.4. Accessing the Network Design Module: PTC Systems Functions ..................................... NDM-PTC 2 1.5. System Details / Service Area ................................................................................................... NDM-PTC 4 1.6. Neighbor List Prediction ........................................................................................................... NDM-PTC 5 1.7. Automatic Frequency Planning................................................................................................. NDM-PTC 7 1.7.1. Frequency Planning Parameters ........................................................................................... NDM-PTC 8 1.7.2. Automatic Frequency Planning (AFP) ................................................................................ NDM-PTC 9 1.8. PTC Studies................................................................................................................................ NDM-PTC 13 1.8.1. Handoff regions for PTC systems ..................................................................................... NDM-PTC 13 1.8.2. Worst channel C/(I+N) for multiple-channel systems .................................................. NDM-PTC 14 1.8.3. Maximum available Downlink data rate for PTC systems............................................. NDM-PTC 14 1.8.4. Maximum available Uplink data rate for PTC systems ................................................. NDM-PTC 15
NDM-PTC 1
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NDM-PTC 2
EDX Wireless NDM: PTC Systems Because the NDM- PTC offers specialized add-on capabilities, it is important to be fluent with the basic operation and functions of EDX SignalPro before attempting to use this module.
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There are three PTC system Technology Types that the user can choose: PTC NXDN PTC GSM-R PTC - TDMA/CSMA
Handoff criteria can also be specified. The user has the option of specifying whether the handoffs are to be modeled using absolute levels or power ratio (better server). The user also can specify the thresholds used to determine handoffs.
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In the other Network Design Modules, the user specifies a Service Area Boundary polygon file. For route based planning, the user has the option to either select the same study route that is defined for their route studies or to select a unique study route for Neighbor List predictions and Automatic Frequency Planning. Defining Study Routes is explained in section 8.4 of the Reference Manual. A CPT (Channel Plan Template) file needs to be specified. It is used to select available channels, either manually by the user or through Automatic Frequency Planning.
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When these parameters are set the way you want them, click on the Calculate neighbor lists for all sectors button and the calculation process will begin. Fundamentally, the program assesses the service area of each sector, and for the analysis study route points, determines which other transmitter sectors can be considered to be the neighbor cell base stations or sectors to which handoffs are likely In the dialog box set the minimum percent area of the primary server that needs to be covered by another server in order for the other server to be considered a neighbor. You can optionally include the 2nd and 3rd best servers in the list and not include co-channel neighbors (same channel or frequency). Select the transmitter group for which you want the neighbor list study done. There is also a selection as to how to select and rank sectors for determination of them as a server or neighbor. Power Received ranks them based on power at the Remote unit whereas C/(I+N) Best Channel looks for the best possible C/(I+N) of a server using one of its assigned channel plan channels. The signal thresholds at which a server can be considered a neighbor is set by the Remote/Mobile Unit Required Server Threshold or Required Service C/(I+N). When the analysis is complete, the neighbor list is applied to the information for each cell base station or sector. It can be viewed by selecting the Neighbor List button on the Transmitter Details dialog box as described in Chapter 9 of the Reference Manual.
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There are more complicated ways to calculate predicted neighbor lists, however the simple method used here is largely as effective as other methods and provides for a very rapid calculation time.
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1.7.2.1. Internal
When you select Internal, you will invoke EDXs method for AFP. This method provides for interference conflict resolution as well as balancing channels assigned to sectors to match traffic demand. When using Internal (or External), the first step the program performs is to calculate a sector compatibility matrix. This is done only for the study route points that are specified in the Define Study Route dialog in the PTC System Details dialog box. For the user-specified study route points, the program will calculate and define the service areas for each sector as those study route points where that sector provides the strongest signal. Only those sectors whose signal exceeds the Required Service Threshold found for the specified Remote/Mobile Unit will be considered. Next it will look at the signal levels for the study route points in each sectors service area and determine those which are strong enough that the C/(I+N) ratio objective is violated. It will track all those study route points where this ratio is violated for each sector and the sectors that cause the interference. It will then calculate the degree of interference each other sector causes by calculating the percent of interference locations as a function of the total service area for the victim sector. Finally, based on the service area of each sector, it will determine the traffic load from the areas served by that sector and using for packet-switched traffic, the number of channels based on data/channel. The results of this processing are written to an ASCII data file called cellcmpx.dat. This is the basic data that the AFP optimization will use to do its work. The format of the cellcmpx.dat file is as follows:
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num_sectors cinr accept_intrf minutes_per_call blocking_prob siteid_serv serv_area calls traffic num_chan_req num_chan_assigned ky_lock nchan(1) nchan(2) nchan(3) . . . . . . . nchan(num_chan_assigned) siteid_intrf(1) prcnt_intrf(1) siteid_intrf(2) prcnt_intrf(2) siteid_intrf(3) prcnt_intrf(3) . . . siteid_intrf(num_sectors-1) prcnt_intrf(num_sectors-1)
where:
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accept_intrf the percent of interference which can be accepted in a sector service area
Serv_area the total area for this serving site square kilometers
num_chan_req the number of channels required to accommodate the traffic given the GOS.
ky_lock this equals 1 if the channel lock checkbox is checked on the channel plan screen for this sector. These means the current assignments for this sector are to remain unchanged.
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nchan(1), nchan(2) . . . the channel numbers currently assigned to this sector. If the channel assignments on this sector are locked, then the AFP algorithm must preserve this channel assignment list and protect it from interference during the AFP process.
prcnt_intrf the percent of the total serving sector service area that is interfered with by this interfering sector. This number is a relative indication of degree of conflict between the serving sector and this interfering sector.
The above information is listed once in the cellcmpx.dat file for each sector in the system. With the information in this file, and the cell channel plan template showing the number of available channels, the EDX AFP algorithm is ready to do its work. Basically, it attempts to devise channel assignments for each sector so that the traffic demand is met while at the same time making channel assignments so that no same or adjacent channels are used between sectors that have conflicts. The basic technique it uses is called simulated annealing (SA), which is a combinatorial optimization process. With simulating annealing (SA), there are several parameters that are used to control the process. Typical values are:
number of cooling levels = 300 cooling level step multiplier = 0.85 number of iterations at each cooling level = 900 co-channel cost weighting coefficient = 1.00 adjacent channel cost weighting coefficient = 0.01 interference cost weighting coefficient = 1.00
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You can adjust these parameters if desired for your particular optimization. Before doing so, however, it would be worthwhile to review references on Simulated Annealing to understand the significance of the parameters. Depending on the number of sectors, and the parameter settings, this process could take from several minutes to several hours to complete. When completed, the channel assignment results will be contained in an ASCII data file called chanplan.tmp. The chanplan.tmp file is read by EDX software and those channel assignments loaded into the channel plan dialog box data positions for each sector in the group selected for Automatic Frequency Planning. From that point forward you are ready to begin coverage and interference studies with your new optimized channel assignment plan.
1.7.2.2. External
External basically gives you access to an external dynamic link library (DLL) which
contains your own compiled and linked code for doing the AFP. Before calling this routine, the Network Design: PTC Systems performs all the calculations to create the cellcmpx.dat file as described above. It then passes this file name and the other relevant file names to the external AFP routine. When this routine is completed, the channel assignment results are written to an ASCII file called chanplan.tmp from which the channel assignments are imported back into EDX SignalPro. The details of how the parameters are passed to the external routine, and the required format for the resulting channel assignment file, are found in the comment statements in the sample ext_afp.for code included on the distribution CD. Appendix J also has for more information on using this and other external calculation DLLs with EDX SignalPro.
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EDX Wireless NDM: PTC Systems If you selected Power ratio as the handoff method, then the handoff map will show those areas where the ratio between the strongest and second strongest server is equal to or less than the power ratio value you enter on the PTC System Details dialog box.
'TDMA CSMA' <first line is the PTC air-interface technology that must match what is used for the PTC Network Design Module Technology Type selection> 6 <second line is the number of lines of data that follow>
25.0 50.0 35.0 <each data line is the minimum C/(I+N), the downlink data rate and the uplink data rate that are achievable for that data rate> 20.0 45.0 31.0 15.0 35.0 25.0 12.0 25.0 15.0 8.0 12.0 8.0 5.0 5.0 1.0
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Note that each data line needs to be ordered from the highest minimum C/(I+N) to the lowest usable C(I+N).
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