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K^TRODUCTORY
BY
Ph.D.
PROFKSSOK OF OLD TESTAMENT LANGUAGES AND HISTORY IN THE WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, ALLEGHENY, PA.
Copyright,
1891,
bt
V
Press of J. J. Little & Co. Astor Place, New York
TO
DEDICATED
M.
M /-^ J"*' /^
PREFACE.
The
plan of this
is
in general the
same
as that of the corresponding Introductory Manual " of Professor W. K. Harper, Ph. D. may be in place by way of explanation.
The
tions
first
from Nestle's ^'Syriac Grammar") are chosen because they afford the best means of comparison with the Hebrew of Pro32d page, inclusive, lead
up gradually from more easy to more difficult portions of the Peshito version. The last selection is the introductory portion of the history of Rabban Soma, possessed in manuscript by the author and never before published. Being printed in the Nestorian alphabet,
it
will
For assistance in reading this selection Syriac system of writing. the reader is referred especially to the note under Section I.,
Article 6, and to Article
The
*'
of the
'"
all of the main principles of Syriac grammar, while the former give all explanations necessary for a full understanding of the orthography, etymology, and syntax of the text.
all
the articles
Elements of Syriac Grammar," with reviews of the same. The ^'Word Lessons" contain only such words as are not in the " '' Exercises are largely based. verses of Genesis, upon which the
of the
When the grammar lesson has been upon a certain subject, the word lesson gives such words as throw light upon it e. g., in Lesson XL the grammar lesson is on Lomadh Olaph verbs; the word lesson consists largely of Lomadh Olaph verbs. The vocabu" Word Lists " on lary thus learned can be enlarged from the pp.
;
VI
PREFACE.
are based upon the text of Genesis and upon the grammar and word lessons. They will be found, it is hoped, an excellent means of fixing in the memory the princiThe *' Exples of grammar and the words of most common use.
134-147.
The "
Exercises
'^
ercises''
and by the
can be supplemented by the transliteration of Genesis I., literal translation of Genesis I. -IV., found at the end
of the volume.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE
Chrestomathy
Genesis I.-IV
1- 36
110
,
Psalm
Jonah
II
11- 15
Malachi
16-21
Matthew XXVI.-XXVIII
Selection
22-33
33- 36
Glossary
37- 55
Manual
Part
I
56-123
Genesis Genesis Genesis
I.
I.
Lesson
56- 58
Lesson II
58-62
4
Lesson III
I. 3,
62-66
Lesson IV
Lesson
Genesis
Genesis Genesis Genesis Genesis
I.
I.
6-8
66-70
70-75
75-79
9-13
I.
I.
14-16
17-23 24-31
1-8
79-83
I.
Lesson IX
Lesson
Genesis
Genesis
II.
83-87 87-91
91-95
95- 99 99-102
II.
9-15
Lesson XI
Lesson XII
Genesis 11 16-20
Genesis
II.
21-25
1-5
Lesson XIII
Lesson
Genesis
III.
102-106
107-110
XIV
Lesson
Lesson Lesson
XV
XVI
XVII
II
Genesis
III.
15-24
110-114
115-118 118-120
121-123
124-133
Lesson XVIII
Psalm
II
Manual
Part
Notes on Jonah
124-128
128-1 30
Notes on Malachi
Notes on Matthew
131-133
VUl
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE
Word
Lists
Syriac
134-140
134-137 137-140
141-147
List of Verbs
List of
Nouns
English
Word
Lists
List of Verbs
List of
141-144
..
Nouns
1
..
144-147 148-150
151-160
Transliteration of Genesis
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".. ^.. ^
PCj>.
^*
v.^nnSo
7
oiic]
^-
oi
1-^
7
Ir
**?
"^^
'*
^
7
7 ^^7
i^
PP
)
ii.
i"
7
,^
3(71
^^
>
"^aAA^
]ooi
,.Vib>ZZ]
OTi
V>
7
:
7
v,.2iffa..4
||.cJ
p2)wS9
l^-'^^^^
oLSfSO
Irsr^-^
7
giNn
7
7 4.0
7
^^
>
Vr^ <7^
O
7
.
!>
]L)h l^]^
oJx^o
,.7
<
]^}.nr:)
^nn
7
oiJ^iffo ^a
yS'PS'
>CL-.iiO
7P5k
^1
3C
^1-^^
'?
.4,
"^CCl
^*
ol^llo ]9Q.aJ5
W
OaLo^)
X 7
P7
|S"n
7
^^
*\
>
]t-:iC9
7
qiS^nn\
^^
*.. ^
Zpai
77
PPC
r^^)*
l^i-^1
77P0
7
>cu>^o ]2L^,_..^ lO
0^70
7
07
^
T'P
l_s
jccn
7
^PP^P"
i^l
)l
7
rj-s?^]
tN^l^
cai9
^i^
(n^ ^igV|o
7
p
*>
wiaoj^
=<
,_
1901?}
:aD
p*.
-_ai 9a-as
7
"
00
PI
>c|-o
,_l^Q-i
]h^Z hh^
^?
^4-
P*.
7!>.
P7
7PP7P7P7
7
h.
i^
]^j-i]
O
^,.
^i-i.a-^
^9
7P
iSn\\ ^cj^po
7
*N\^
i^
P77
Ij-aa^
C901?")]
o^ll
^?
.QJoi
"
i-
O901?l|
P
o-I^I
7 7
32
CHRESTOMATHY.
Cliapter XXVIII.
.>
01
Sn
]cai
cs^o
^9Z
^Jbo
1^1^ "^"^
wC^o
aVi4>
Lo
A.a*J
< |A.a1o
<^]
CC01O
CC01
_.i4^9
tS
i|
Si'jZZ]
^^
__loo
.^^
-^
]coi
|3
^Ui
,^iS^
^-ai?]]? '^c-A-i^p
s ^
^^^1
'
\i^
I^o? ^^"h*
^r*^l^
r^h
^^1
Pi
^^i-0
^9
,-aJoi
>i\ >c^A
^oiJ!:;;^
i^jo
^^-^01
'^
-^
v^Nm9Z P
"^s.*^
^oil^
^1
'
^i-'Oi
<
en_l:;;k
^r^
"^gin
^9
l^
V_s pou
|]
jV^ ^01
|i4* a
1'fJa.^.^Lfi
,-Jbo
\.m2]
oZ|
^9
je^ns
o^oi^o
nmlo
>a!^
o^ls^jo
>
]|-
'^
:
|ooi9
>C|^
90^1
cZ]
>i40io,
aV\Z9 c^I
>CfX>
]90i
^oi.J^
4']
jV]o
>
'^
In
n?
p&Lo^oi
nntnl 1^
^SVA
"^
'>
^*
^o
^1
nV9 t^
Wrs
,^1
s^oinnl
^9 ^01
^^^
i,
nS j^^t
P? ^osl^o
aiJ:::^
*r(7i<=iSp
,_I^
,-i.c? pi-l
190-2^:^^
l^-^^^^-^ "^-^li
.
H^r-u
^9
]|a\i\Z
jlVniS
"^a^i-i
CC01
a^^i^Z]
>
^9
^coiJio
.
ou^
i
r^
!^|o
>^ffic]"|^
^o
^''
^aj|
>^
*^^:b
^ou_^Z]
.coi.J:;u
^ooLlalk
^\n^
"^o^^ ^Cj^o
33
9,-*^
|J]
wS|
^bt^9 Ua^jo
.l:^9|^0
I^St^r ^^GLA.
i9
i^iO^lo
^-'V
.>,-4^] |Vi\S?
qiV^Sn4\
|::C|^
|Uica^
.oou^
|j]
.nn\iS )j)
KlL^.'U*
T<lli^.i
^cono
rttsoL^.i
^coia
r^x^Hx^
.-^*\=>
-^^
Klli-iiivsa.i
rt'ivL.USiaa
CU2K'4>K'
r^Aioi-*
*_oorA
'^^co
r^a
rcciai
.i^f^
Aiais
>cnoJ2a.jjH.ao
cn^ciru^^
^^^ ^^
.rt^i
n^iw.io
34
CHEESTOMATHY.
,.
KlsjOl
^^^
.<.
.n T.rcf
.A\.\Vnn
ora-aQ^
n Cl^s ^^^rO^^^
K'ojL.i
rf^iM^giX
tcna^.1::^
rtli41cu
Asoxa.i
K'^az:^'
o>cnasQlz.re'
f<^Vi^.i^ r<L^OLx=}
^t^^i<\tj >cnco9.T)0
.COS
Klioo^
^Vi'*'^
JLdcuAo
^.1
K'ocrj
..Aj-SQ^rc'
rdxJaTi-a r^-^^v^^^
K'OU^.TJSfl.'l
cnldba
ia.i^ri'a
r<'A\.Tca^
K'^.f^^
K^l^JLia
^.icon^o
K'nello^
.f^'iLftOoAns' r^iOJl
en nip
^]cLini^r<b
r<lJJdfvAa9
^jJJC
.m K'^OQt
OQT<\'l\
^vi^.io
K^T-^^
35
rtsCSM povso
IOluJ .lOwr^J
Aa
i*Avi
"u^
>A>i
,r^^oii^ A^a
,coysn:i
.cnidiNfionl
r^.TA.i f<l=3i
.'lii.i
r<s^ r^o
oaiC^-k^^^i-=ja
y^^uV^\
....
....
:
....
p^'.icoa
cnocararc'
oxii^ri' ^.1
a^ikJ^r<b
rdxiJjjLZ.
r<^=4p
.orA
.,^caA5>9
.orA
^^_^
paX*
:r<ll:9al
CLsio
kIImLL
r<l.ioaz.o
^rCk
r^.-ixiSfl
^sJ^k oil
cuj:99.i
(i^*^'
vyi^ ^"^^
:
t**!
'^^^^^^^
^Jfio^
:
Aikd^rt"
.^A^ov*
oLrc':! jaLiiyir^r^
Aim
......
..
r.
rr
*
....
y-.
^r;
..
,.
..
-^^
/^
.^rdllrs^
^.1
..
TJM.
^^V^JL.
^'^
.T^a
r<l
.JK^^'^<^
.>'*
36
CHRESTOMATHT.
isTO^^cA
irs^xJ^
.^cnijvL^ r^nxTu
:
^'iU>x*:o Kl=3CU>.i
Kts^uji^
or^
en
.^coOLnnk, crj3ji.^i
r<^i'\QOr<'
Anna
K^iAl^oiio
.r<'5\.viv^
K'^oaIsq.i
r^^nso
\L
coi-tJo.!
,T^\\rsnr,
i^lraCl^ ^.ioa.l
Jkl^KaO
.(JjlZ.
.snT,
cax^
cn\ JLTSk
K'la^n
on T K\
.\*gis\o
r<^T
>
^-JM
i^iJ.i
o^i^r^
V*
...v..
.^j|^
ij^Tii^Jsol
...
:^._ocnl.i
r<'^|u^.'t.:^
ML^rdci
col
rtlk^o
^QTi^ Anno
.^r<:ijLU
T2'a:^9
CiCO
r^ioA^
rdJL^Q.i
TU^
cnX t^^ V
,
.cndFJisa
38
GLOSSARY.
there
65, 128.
M
Vsj
is,
J| thou w.
li-MAJ
together, as one.
like,
^h.^ thou/l
^L]
89 B.
1.
]Zjf woman,
]ZaAio| healing.
87, 8.
to eat.
Uixial stranger.
U^ir-^"!.
soldier.
|k^
God.
jVi^m]
figure, form.
]iw.3iA. divine.
}])
^aaic[ sponge.
but.
^.^^jsj
if not, unless,
if,
band.
a^
|I^ ll^
138. 5.
i-ffl|
to bind.
Elijah,
rib.
ws) also.
^aX
to learn.
^]
/
87. 7.
86. 3; 87.3.
)(
although.
87, 9.
^.aX to teach*
).aX ship.
]J^]
\^i]
four.
forty.
mother,
^^^sh]
]j::>io9)
Iziflf nations,
widow.
^^^1
verily,
amen.
l^^l earth.
,
Pk^.D9| see
p^aX9.
to say.
,-^f to pour.
>
JS^I maid.
>*iJsc|
M^h'] see
m'\A',
when.
persevere.
]Lm>] foundation.
^1 n to
if,
^"^
|z| to come,
138.
35.
.,
jif sign,
86. 3.
|J[ I,
joZJ Assyria.
^aJ[
them
36. 2.
Ijzj place.
^^Qj) Enosh.
^[ them
Rem.
/".,
36. 2.
90. 4J^
uS
in,
among.
II to be displeased.
s^l
GLOSSABY.
5,-s to scatter.
89
|.Ls to ask.
Z(jLS to be
ashamed.
|Zal
,
request.
^
.
y(
oia^ waste.
|m.L
inquirer,
li^oA
firstborn, firstling.
Ij-iJio cattle.
jS^Vas blessings.
|ZaA,.^k^
I'j-Q-o
enmity.
y^
to despise.
oxen.
87. 10.
s^y.^) to mock.
l|..Ma at
1^
son,
once.
2^lJ^
filially.
^!^^
Jj-^LS
to conceive.
conception.
Ij^o
to create.
)J^ to console.
>aA
>
jJoj-o beryl.
judgment
seat.
)^^o'i^ bedellium.
^f.^f)
i i i
^ between
X
(before suffixes).
to bend.
^j.^)
to bless.
**
fZa-A-ijs evil,
f
wickedness.
^'fS but.
J-cjjD
2uki)
between.
house.
lightning.
li^wkiS
)^jD alter.
Vlli*.^ Bethany,
^9lwo
afterwards.
Iao
-op
to weep.
|2was weeping.
?i
jiNn alone.
l^a^
|-sl
to choose.
side.
|j-o to build.
Ij-ais flesh.
y(
ViL
to form.
Ij-a^man.
(Sown incense.
Piaxas ointment.
I^lko,^ G-olgotha,
to twist.
iLsio behindhand.
^-iotfj^
Gethsemene.
Vlt)
to swallow,
lord.
^j.^to blaspheme.
^^,.^to
touch.
40
^^^
GLOSSARY.
fS9 II to
Ij-a?
41
remember.
V-OC1 existence.
^01 01
X
male.
(^oi) she,
35
^.ik^? to disturb.
^01 that,
37.
U^?
|io?
is it
not?
132.
.01
them.
blood.
ILuoi temple.
,^l<Loi
jZaLo? likeness.
VaLo? price.
to believe. these,
^^01
37.
|..^^9 like.
v^^^? sleeping.
>^?
to sleep.
tear.
(iJulsc?
jio?
II to wonder.
to profit.
^uiJ? to rise.
i&.i;i.c5
jJo! this,
37.
35. 37.
f.,
Tigris.
wi?
1
grade, ordination.
9595 briers.
^01
to.
s^sai
those
37.
>fh to
come
to return, overturn.
1^501 here.
\jk>(n
1Z5 5 palace.
now.
01
behold.
V^oi
Abel.
^o woe,
alas.
paifi^CT governor.
Po
it is
right, necessary.
^
V
jjo? this,
37.
37.
it is.
f:uo to
appoint a time.
cm
that,
a-ccn he
coi he,
35.
s^t^] Zebedee.
fom to be,
127.
_c]
to buy.
42
GLOSSARY.
GLOSSAai.
^
to suffer.
suffering.
pAV"^
]^^-**
mighty.
^^
{.m
^
linen.
>aa.i.
to
know.
(Lft
sweet.
\Lt vinegar.
i^owi^ darkness.
^ i\
|\iS
mixed.
|uM
sister.
dream.
>c.^ to
seal.
walkM to change.
oa^^
for,
instead
of.
t.4Snii> five.
)fiLla.i
wrath.
anguish.
)^ ^^
report, fame.
very.
|l.J-*
]L^
good.
^qXm Enoch.
^1.**
]^Ll happiness.
|^!7ia4 nation, race.
sA^^a.^ error.
we.
iJJ-* supplication,
wnl* to strangle.
\^1j
\jiLM
ia4 mountain.
v..Oa,^
cord.
to be innocent.
to prepare.
)^^
price.
V*^>^ envy.
]Zn>\^ youth.
U1^4 shade.
>a^
to injure, rob.
ikl
field.
\^f^
1.
waste.
2.
sword, share
Isl4 profane.
>c^
to curse.
jZoal^ impurity.
\:Ll to err,
l^'^M enchanter.
]Z'f^ end.
seduce.
44
GLOSSABY.
to strike.
ws^
GLOSSABY.
to subdue.
|Zo]oj.a preaching.
li^a
45
l^^jQa sulphur.
f^ when, while.
o,.s it is sufficient.
)jsi.s priest.
to preach. sad.
l^'fS
las window.
|ias thorns.
jeLaos star.
^:s9a.o throne.
I^^AJLtZas tunics.
vineyard.
]^-^ belly.
V.4.a to stumble.
wa^a
to beseech. to write,
w^os Cush.
wsA^
)x^
nature.
l^Ls book.
L^
\i
iL
indeed.
all,
pio
linen.
108.
w^o
to strive.
to withhold, restrain.
IL^s
crown.
..Ti7,>,Sn\a
Chlamys.
^to123sq.
|3
I^CLS
how.
be sad.
not.
^iuis to
113
to labor,
heart.
be weary.
|I^Qj-s congregation.
Ijis cithara.
^.Mis to assemble.
].M.ls
|.^
w.A.'a^ to clothe.
w^a^ilik clothing.
assembly, collection.
|L^ dish.
-
"i^^
"^
legions.
^a.lil
Levi.
wjulh to curse.
i^a to deny.
]'ps
VLloq^
Zilk
before.
to
be sad.
to, with.
i^oi-a Cherub.
I^L^^a^ curses.
46
GLOSSARY.
bread.
jZoitf death.
Vit\
fc^^i,^*^ quickly,
immediately
65, 128.
Xjt:^ to smite.
\^,t^i)
A-.^ there
is
not,
straitway.
[\S
>Q^
^^^aa!:;:^
uight.
\-*]a^*ifi
'^j,:^
Mehujael,
indeed, forsooth.
morrow.
i*V>
Lamech.
Pn h
l-^Jao
wave, billow.
ili^a!:^ thief.
to come.
^,s^
above.
"V^lIjo
on account
of.
wiftS^ to eat.
Ills
tongue.
booth, shade.
-v^^^ deceiver.
fj4Cjo rain.
JiS
what?
food.
l-iio
water.
jLl^lio
jjilio vessel,
vestment.
|4-^a^i4-^
'-'^^ to
Metropolitan.
tpLnnV fountain,
li&wi^,.^ Magdalene.
deride.
^.jj^ to die.
^-^
in vain.
]^*i^ dead.
i^4g^yVo altar.
l^flao wilderness.
la^i.:ao city.
yet, hence.
I'^-^'^
humble.
>o^
I
anything
109.
2^^.a^.aic
humbly.
humility,
-'^*^ east.
orient, east.
jZnntnV
|ll|V
now.
jiV) to betroth.
iL: to
|-fclfc3,^
eastern.
birth.
I^ai^
be
full.
1^^^
\
.iic
oaths.
iLo word.
).sU:^
what?
messenger, angel.
Vjka^ Moses.
^s|b* Malachi.
GLOSSARY.
|..<i\v sailor.
47
merciful.
y
p.:ic.i.j.iso
Ob.
^V^^ to counsel.
r^i 1
Viti pio
mercy.
jnSv
|.a!:^Sn
king.
counsel.
|.llqi,Vi
|^a.^i.:ao
clement.
garment.
iZnnSsn kingdom.
JL^lao word.
Pj^
Lord.
>a-^:ao
Mary.
Viio
to speak.
w^|j.*^ bitterly.
]Z9i.:sD
U^Sn^
word.
gall.
r^jSn
|l=i\V) teacher.
>coi*lQi^ ever, at all.
jZiT
admonition.
]^.M-..A:an
stature, age.
t>4Sn oil.
K^ who?
oU^ what
aiao
who
is?
Messiah.
Messianic.
wt>n4Vi able, possible.
t lis what?
39, 132.
is?
be numbered.
|n4Vi skin.
|in4^i tent, house.
^iSac to
come, bring.
^nfffSn
|j.aalae
to
become poor.
|.l\i\4V
)
traitor.
poor.
quick, bold.
Sn!:^
J^gi^ioisc
I^^u^lao
p9,ii:iO helper.
\\ *NSn
Vl^oi^
Methusael.
spring, fountain.
l^MSV) tithes.
\si-^i^ settmg.
)Zi:&:ao
now.
prophecy.
cave.
liiJ to
).AXiJ
|lTr?*v supplicator.
prophet.
]wik^
midst.
y.Ain1 to kindle.
,-,-J
jnnV) burial,
jjjio
to smite, beat.
way.
intoxicating.
ou^
to shine.
)Lq|^
Tj-i-^'
long.
43
GLOSSABT.
to be long.
\2n iWl temptation.
<^xUl
i^
]jf2
Jf2 to
VOW.
to
pour
out..
VOW.
jSnM Naamah.
w^^aJ to breath.
93ij to shine.
jiavJ river.
VL to
fall.
Ij^oU light.
?aJ
,.j
^aaJ to go out.
Nod.
to break.
soul.
to move, wander.
w^aj
l^oiaJ
light
,jc^ to plant.
%^
to rest.
|lw^
plant.
lirf^aJ stranger.
PvJ
JSazarene.
liia fish.
jnnl female.
1,-oJ
]aJ
fire.
pure.
I^JmJ brass.
>m
hewn.
w^
to go
down.
\Lj^ garment.
1^93-^ injunction.
wlaJ
to breathe.
^a^
to distil, instil.
liula^J breath,
to kiss.
^Ui^
quietly.
)aljj Nineveh.
]^ yoke.
pL^
sign, purpose.
)^).9 silver.
^a to
]f.:J0
think.
UaJ guile.
]Za.aaJ chastity.
U^SpLoJ law.
^|jsaJiaJ lawfully.
\ji2
hope.
]Zi-aa gospel.
^*^ much,
great.
to try, tempt.
j.^
to worship.
6L0SSABY.
^auo to witness.
|).^a0
49
multitude.
j))^ feast.
y
\9Qja colloquy,
word.
f^ to make.
)|.A^
1,-a:^
]-^ojg bar.
>QJ0 to put.
I-Joo
workman,
work.
slave.
^
to incline, sin.
j.rx*jff
to endure.
|-*f;:iu
Hebrew.
V^
,^
to roll.
Vaa
to be wise.
V^^k^D quickly.
Ual^^^iio trespass.
iL^calf.
until.
\4Q^fLS0 Iscariot.
v^-i^ to reject.
i;::Ada.
%-*^ji as yet.
]3pj.
wn^io to go up.
v^-fciaa
lying.
before that.
until.
iii^
left, left
hand.
^^
\lso to hate.
'f:La
Eden.
feast.
to do, happen.
|?^f^
|z,.ik
isso threshold.
)2.aio lip.
church.
jJjZ,.:! ecclesiastical.
Ijjaaio
i-aiff
sword.
]i-n:^ memorable.
to be customary. j.ik t^ [poo Vtl>'"n\ grievous.
.
]f^
book.
Ij^io scribe.
I^JIola.
thorn.
\1jo sackcloth.
]Zaja-*i.io
]'f^\^ blind.
vanity.
)3a^ iniquity.
|iLa.i.ia vain.
IJoL evil-doer.
l^oLoa^ depth.
).SQ^ branch.
^Uujjs
m vam.
iioD to destroy.
50
v-alk
GLOSSARY.
to
be sad, anxious.
{.o:^ grief,
anxiety.
i^ to watch.
I-JlL
jnnS
out.
heel,
to
wipe
li-a^ root.
l^'fL sheep.
]wsoi^ evening.
>o-i.:i
^tSS
before.
cunning, subtle.
V:^ upon,
for,
^^^ naked.
wo^
^s^jLlk
on account
to flee.
j'^Ok because.
Vifc to
to be strong.
go
in.
],..*^ future.
>a^
Vr^L^ rich.
^^Vi\s above.
)
)w^
).:;>a^
^oi with.
people.
to baptize.
'^i.^
to meet.
(.lia:^
L*^l2f^ corporally.
j-iJi..^
|j,.a
]9q^a:^ farmer.
corporal.
jliVS laborious.
VLoIu to
toil.
plough.
V^oa mouth.
uas
to persuade.
|Lq^
toil.
j.:^ to dwell.
li^ to answer.
commandment.
iS
flock.
\ir^ cloud.
w^s to
cease, remain.
|^M\
ofiLL
herb.
|\iq
Yf^tt^
comparison.
Esau.
twenty.
potter.
v^ry
ia :^
Ij^^^LS
unleavened bread.
'^ Pilate.
li-a^ dust.
^^
^^
GLOSSARY.
52
GLOSSABY.
54
,^^z,A> to espouse, maiTy.
GLOSSAET.
years.
)wdZ:^ companion.
|n>ii^ vexed.
'fj^jL
IHm. point.
\L^
).:x^
to narrate.
to compel.
hour.
to
^^.^^ cursed.
I^La-i^LA.
make
level.
alabaster box.
beautiful, good.
Sheol.
Seth.
to find, be able, possible.
'f&A,
to pour.
to be good.
"^
\Iam> morning,
l-a^ to irrigate.
ILa.
to rest, be calm.
rest, sleep.
''^-OA.
to take away.
i\^
iiS
fc.
Ij-^ to cast
off.
away, begin.
,1
to send, to take
]^'^
history.
wJL^L*. to rule.
]^i^
family.
i\4
lawful, ruler.
|j.i^,>^A/ ruler.
yo^^ y\\^
peace.
to finish,
L^\f^-^
truly.
Ap.
to betray.
\js'pjy rest.
>a^ name.
^4cLiA. to
^.kLaA^
Lm, six.
draw.
\L^
to drink.
silent.
heaven,
fatling.
wo^^^
)^^^A'
ii^^^
|.I,*Vn4.
sixth.
heavenly.
^V
A,
to hear.
.nSSn^ Simon.
^A.'r.A,
^Sff A>
to minister.
f^fZ broken.
sun.
vsZ
to break.
^l.*^ to
depart,
.,Z crown.
years.
^-i
order.
GLOSSAEY.
55
disciple.
II
?Z grass.
Sn^ Z
^icooiZ abyss.
^^Z
three.
thirty.
\oZ to repent,
ws^
to turn.
^^Z ^Z
]L^2Z
there.
woZ again.
^itnS'^oZ Jubal Cain.
]bQ.2A furnace.
sigh.
|^5oZ
thanksgiving.
ll^Z
second.
aioZ formless.
|.rJZ dragon.
Vl^soZ
trust, confidence.
^z to prepare.
^bZ
]^hZ
two.
]^-i-S9Z growth, increase.
\r^oZ generation.
i:l!^oZ
worm.
jVoZ cattle.
^itfa^Z boundary.
right.
]Zo^hZ
uprightness.
Za-iZ under.
L^amA under.
LttZ under.
\LkJiji.
U^J^Z cock.
\:^hZ door.
i-xoik^Z
twelve.
trusting.
y^jL^A,hZ Tarshish.
1^\LasZ trustingly.
^Z9Z
^^ik.AiZ
two.
JAqji^Z prayer.
|.:^Z snow.
l^a^Z
to teach.
^ZZ
wou.
MANUAL
PART
ly^
I.
LESSON ONE.
1.
Gen.
I.
1.
Notes.
1.
^
f>
^
'^
'^
h'rt-shith
(two syllables).
{y),
In beginning.
(1)
Six
letters: '
;
s
(sA)
;
(6);
^ir); ^
after
(2)
h. (th,
as in thin).
(*)
There
is
no sign
like i in machine
(t),
may be
6.4.
belongs.
is
H.
'(1)
]'fjz
Three
(6);
j.
(r);
(*),
pronounced but
2 (1)
(o)
b.
Two
vowel sounds:
(), see
(2);
like o in note.
syllable,
but every
full
16. 1.
gL^I
(1)
Fotir letters:]
1.
{I)]
ol
(h)',
(');
see 2 (1).
(o)
(2)
(a) like
a in at;
(2).
L^
^q^h,
89
c.
i^Sfl A,
sh^ma-i/cl,
(two syllables)
the heavens.
MANUAL. PAET I.
(1)
(2)
6.
57
Four
^{y)]\.
1
(').
() see
(2).
^o
direct
object, see 4.
One new
7.
in water.
V^M
^ar-dL (two
Four
is
letters:
(1)
(r),
see
j.
(1).
(The form
Olaph:
4. 4);
('),
Obseevations.
|,
1.
The
ai,
^,
(7)la,
2.
(11)Z.
",
are (1)
(2)
",
(3)
',
all
of which
may be
written
either above or
3.
below the
line.
,
6. 4.
are (1)
i.
4. h^,
89
c.
The
definite state is
article.
f,
which corresponds
to the
7.
Hebrew
Every
15. 2.
8.
Notice that
Hebrew Tsodhe.
r
Grammar Lesson.
l^>'^
76.
(1)
14, 911,
4Tr^.tt4^-^^
Y4^
*-^^^
(2)
Word
Lesson.
Vii^ he
t^l h^
formed,
t*^
he made,
said.
o and.
58
>-s
MANUAL. PART I.
m.
beginning,
wio
Ae wrote,
^^^9
^^
ci.
And
beginning.
2.
3.
He made
the
'
God
is
in the heavens.
5,
In the beginning
He
One
in
Hebrew
characters and
Translate the
first
lesson from
Hebrew
into Syriac.
9.
(Note.
In these
last
two
LESSON TWO.
1.
Gen.
I.
2.
Notes.
is
8. U^Jl
thrown
1. (2),
25.
The Z
is
(1)
(2)
Z with
is t;
is th,
10.
The vowel o
vowel
letter,
w pronounced
2
6. 3. (3).
is
5.
&
6. 5. 6.
(3)
o, see
No
o.
y
(1)
(2)
11. oiggQ
w^bhu h (one
syll able),
vote,
and a
10.
waste,
1. (2).
^
01
is
is
letter,
25. 4.
12.
(1)
is
]lL^oivVie8h'Shu-khci (three
(IP)', .M,
it
2d
radical,
o=u;
s=ZcA(=); ](')=X.
MANUAL PART L
(2)
59
(see observation 6), it is
Although
indefinite,
this
93. 2.
al-ap-p'iy,
13. Ji^ ]
(1)
'^'^>^
upon
I
Notice
final=V while
consonant=^
/",
;
initial or medial=lfc,
(2)
after a
half-vowel=j?A or
(3)
10.
8. 2. (1).
(4)
The two
dots over
13. 1.
14. I^jooctZ
(1)
The
is
first syllable
a half vowel,
(2) (3)
Both
17. 1.
o quiesces in
15. oi^oio
6. 5,
25. 2.
of hira).
(1) (2)
5. 2,
6.
The form
34, 36.
The vowel
is
may
be written below,
(4)
The
suffix
a\
is
^^
(5)
?oiX?
oL^oh,
(la^-lo^hoif
who
(is)
God,
is
97. B.
38.
its
(6)
is
(7)
The Olaph
25.
1. (2).
throws back
32. 2,
(8)
The
final
1.
is
76.
(9)
see
69. 2.
(1)
s=ph,
s=p
60
(2)
:o prefixed
MANUAL. PAET I
denotes the participle,
74. 76. 2.
the absolute state, (3) l^is the sign of the feminine singular in
(4)
w
17.
is
41.2.
l^
ma-yo^
the waters.
(1)
(2)
called
the plural,
13. 1.
and he said^
conversive in Syriac.
its
(1)
There
is
no
Waw
(2)
f^]o is composed of Waw and j^f, the Olaph throwing back vowel and quiescing, see 8 above.
jiJf is the
Initial
(3) (4)
Bern.
1.
19. ]:jiJ
(1)
The
45.
1,
Bern. 2
4.
(2)
(3)
The root
60. 3.
Comp. Zcoi
is
employed as a Jussive
114.
1.
light.
(1) (2)
is
As
is
and should be
definite
often used
when the
noun
(3)
is indefinite, is
The noun
21. lo oio
class segholate,
there was.
wa-h^wo^ and
(1)
(2) (3)
There
This
is
no
Waw
conversive.
is
Comp. (19
it
(2))
and
(9).
Waw
a half-open
syllable,
Observations.
9.
The new
^,
(2)
.^ (a),
(3) s, (4)
?,
(5) J.
10. 11.
(L.),
(2)
^ (^).
| .
12.
The new vowels and diphthongs are: (1) o, (2) , (3) ^ (4) The conjunction "Waw may be written (1) without a vowel
sign,
MA^UAL PABT I.
having merely the half-vowel
(2) with a helping a as in
g^
it
between
letter,
or
jooio, or (3)
when
followed by a word
itself
beginning
quiescing,
with Olaph,
34.
it
draws
the
vowel
to
the
Olaph
by a
and
(r)
;
16.
(6/i);
>
(b)
(t)
and
s
(th)
(h)
j.
(h);
(ph)
and s
{hh).
;
(p)
and Z
(d)
and
Zi (')
and ^{l)',>
and
4. 3.
quiesces in
o in
in
and*.
6. 5.
Mem.
and
16. 17.
24.
The Syriac verbal inflection distinguishes number and tense. The Syriac, like the Hebrew, says faces-of abyss, not faces ofi.
abyss,
e.
the
first
of
two words
change
76, 96 A.
The sign of the feminine gender is the letter Z. 43. A, 76. 2. The preformative J marks the 3rd person of the Imperfect, 45.
^]),
all
preformatives or sufformatives,
21
is
.
40.
When
Kushoy
is
to be doubled,
10. 2. (2).
22.
by
any
sign,
10. 2. (4).
definite or
23.
emphatic state
is
denoted by the
affix)
76,
Rem.\
13.
24. 25.
plural is distinguished from the singular by Rebbuy, Nouns have two numbers and two genders and three states
3.
76.
Grammar Lesson.
5, 16,
^J5-'.34
Itf,
,^^
Review
14.
when,
34,
76^*
4.
Word
Lesson.
a.M9 he brooded,
fiA
\\m he saw.
et
MANUAL PARTI.
^
1.
tvho?
that.
^j-. he knew.
Exercises.
2.
3.
the earth,
when God
5.
The
spirit of
him who
is
God
(was) brooding
6.
He saw
ana and the Syriac form s^l^s as to aspiration, vowels, the half vowel
LESSON THREE.
1.
Gen.
I.
3. 4.
KOTES.
\f
2 2. ]\^o
wa-h'zoij
and
(he)
saw,
Zain, a
new
letter.
light.
is
an inseparable preposition,
34.
It is often
employed to
used in
124.
its
123. It
is also
See 20.
(^h^^h ap-pir, that (it
j(
2 4 t-^g^?
(1)
(2)
? is
was) good.
9=dh
i
word ending
in a vowel,
10. 1. (3).
(3)
(4)
i'=i4> is
(5)
The
clause
is
an objective clause,
117.
1.
without a copula,
7
i
25.
y^-t^zw a^h^rash
(he) separated.
MANUAL PART L
(1)
63
The The
3
is
first" is
a helping vowel,
open,
33. 2.
(2) (3)
first syllable is
17. 1.
31.
1. 3.
26.
(1)
(2) (3)
i
h^lMth.
hh after a
word ending
in a vowel sound
10. 1. (3).
-T
h.
written fully,
til
6. 5. (4).
after a vowel,
10. 1. (1).
to.
27.
hl
between
28.
jisi^
(see 12.).
29. li^oo
(1)
jj-o
(compare 21)
masc,
41.
(2)
1,43.
jj-oJ
he shall call.
Compare ]ooJ
he
30. ]90iall:^
(1) Notice that
l^nuh-ra^ji wo syllables), to
li*.
he light
may
124.
(comp. 23),
(2)
(3)
a vowel,
34.
or syllable divider.
31.
(1)
V^^fi^.*)
H-mo^o^ihree
syllables), da^.
Olaph
is
which the
j-ico-.
.a.
quiesces,
20, Rem. 2.
is
IVVi.l
is
at the
and
to the
darkness.
helping Pethoho,
33. 2.
33.
]^
34. yll^^
(1)
93. 1.
(2)
a contraction from
ai,
29. 3 (1).
64
35.
(1)
MANUAL. PAET I.
M^9
ram-shci^ evening.
state, the absolute
Emphatic
is
^^*i
(2)
Though emphatic
36.
37.
||-s.
in form
it is
(See 34).
tsai)h-r% morning.
1,
p.>|:^a^(Zayone,99.
indefinite in
i<
Rem.
(1)
ilaco^ is
of Di^.
(2)
r-^=i"J^ the
|~M
is
being rejected,
(3)
in the absolute
emphatic in
form
is
absolute in meaning.
2.
Observations.
1:1
5.
26.
]f^
c a
Z
(b)
(b)
follows nothing:
after
fiw
I, (th)
after
i.
L^ L
Zooi
010
vowel
vowel
(th)
(t)
after the
h^
Z Z
,
after
oioso
l^c-ik-Jo
vowel sound.
the vowel o.
l^coiZ
|ovX?
|.a-i-j!isc
2
9
(t)
after a diphthong.
oi.
a half vowel.
|
3-*,? ? (rfA)
after
s
>
vowel
L^
li^.
of the preceding
word
h, (th)
after
s (ph)
after the
vowel
^r:,
w^,
?,
^s,
^ and
Z.
;
"With a point below these signs represent bh (=v), gh, dh, kh, ph and th
(i e,
neither
b, g, dj
Jc,
p, t;
MANUAL PART L
28. There
29.
is
is
65
no sign of doubling except for the aspirates. no sign for Sh^wa in Syriac.
state
There
30.
have often
See
^
(1)
(2)
new
letters
(z),
(A;),
(ts).
Absolute:
J^mphatic:
fovX,
(^9|,
Jjo-a-.*,
|.^oaiZ,
jjoioJ,
j^iaia-l,
(3)
Construct: wis).
33.
Forms
3.
Grammar Lesson.
(1) (2)
6, 23, 20,
write
45).
(3)
Review
4.
Word
Lesson.
>aifl
^|..*oi then,
to put.
to he finished.
^*|
"VIj
to
buy.
yr\h>
to
fall
"^SnS
to he troubled.
>-2^
to sit.
v^i-o to be nigh,
^-^^
to ivorship.
\^h,A> to be at peace.
5.
Exercises.
let there
1.
God
be evening and
3.
be mornin g.
2.
God
God saw
In the
God made
(to)
the darkness.
1
^y
(3)
ji
^
>,
JB
Thou
We
shall write.
He
Ye
ee
Bhall write.
(8)
MANOAL
(5)
PARTI.
shall buy.
I shall wTite.
(9)
(6)
We
(7)
They
shall buy.
Let him
fall.
She
sat.
(10)
(12)
Thou
shalt be troubled.
15.
(13)
He put. Ye shall
be nigh. (14)
We
shall
a
worship.
Let
it
be
at peace.
LESSON FOUR
1.
Gen.
I.
68.
Notes.
38.
(1)
(2)
^]o
:
and
(he) said,
Syllables:
(a)
open,
(b)
closed,
17. 1, 2.
6.
is
Vowels
I
(a)
Ebhoo,
(b)
P^thoho,
(3)
quiescent,
25.
1,
is
(4)
Pe Olaph verbs have a helping vowel with the Olaph, 33. 55. 1. This vowel when preceded by an inseparable particle
thrown back, the Olaph quiescing,
39.
25.
1. (2),
34. 2.
]ai^ God
(1)
(N. 3).
(1)
Three
(2) (3)
Vowels:
Pthoho,
(2, 3)
Zkopho,
The vowel
28. 2. 40.
(2).
(1) (2)
Verbs whose
last radical
inr
41.
(1) (2)
GO. 3.
(y'^p'i)
I^a-oi
expanse.
Vowels:
42.
(1)
Hbhoso
(2)
Zkopho.
(1)
has
Rukhokh because
the preceding
10.
in,
word ends
in a vowel;
2w
1. (I). (3).
is
34.
1.
(3)
^5^
43.
number,
fern,
gender,
76. 2.
]^
(1)
The marks
are Rebbuy,
T,
(2)
Some
plurals end in
86. 16.
MANUAL. PAET L
44.
(1)
67
w^J^
jooiJ
let it
be dividinff.
]s3iJ is
Used with a
5.
participle, it denotes
127.
^^po-resh
See
50.
is
Compare
^an's.
(3)
The
from a
is
is
naturally short
and changeable,
45. L*^^
(1) (2)
e is
7. 3.
beth, betirren.
di/,
7. 3,
29. 3.
The root
form was
46.
,.riikO
^aL lLL,
u'd-'^
(as in
n? in Hebrew).
The
^bJiddh,
and he made.
1^,
1,
(1)
is
to
be distinguished form
4. 3. (6).
34.
it
a half open
syllable,
(3)
i*
17.4.
is
has a half-vowel as
9. 3, 10. 1
2).
(4)
g-alk is
the verb.
This
is
the
first
43.1.
47. ^.-09]
arkio, the firmament.
it
By
will
is
This Olaph
Olaph
prosthetic,
20, 1.
This
is
in the simple or
P'al stem,
under).
^^. under,
is
a preposition.
34.
(2)
(3)
^ fo
?
is
an inseparable preposition,
is
38, 136.
50.
from, see
6. 3.(2).
el,
51. '^ii^j
daP
Qg
(1)
MANUAL,-PART L
Three elements: the relative
49. 2, and
?
cf.
!iifc,
see
(2)
For the
29. 2.
was.
the
first
(2)
60.
1,
29. 5.
(2), (3).
Jiokhanno, so.
dath^ren, which is two
i.
e.
second.
is
(1)
9,
pointed according to
the relative
(2)
38. pronoun introducing an adjective clause, remain in Syriac, the few remnants of a dual which of is one rr*^^
76. 5.
often
becomes Z
in Syriac
and
is
some-
times changed to
b.
2.
Observations.
34.
A helping vowel
The vowel
is
e. g.
of prosthetic
or inseparable preposition,
e. g.
36.
A word has
as
many
e. g.
i^jo
we-mar, joiA.
^a-Io-ho,
is
\Lt^h r^ki-o.
37. Pretonic a
Hebrew becomes
pretonic Kamets,
is
vola-
,li^ = nnr.
in Syriac is
38.
The feminine
everywhere denoted by
e.
2^,
except in
g. 2^.4,9, Zooi,
^^5^
but
in
i^*>^Sn.
Such nouns
as ]Ls]
and ^^oh
The name
stem
is
P*al.
Examples of
and
jooi.
MANUAL. PABT I.
40.
69
is
The 3rd
P'al
the
first as
well as
simplest form of the verb, from which all other forms of different
gender number person tense or stem are made by vowel changes and
by
significant preformatives
and sufformatives
intensive stems,
41
g. o
from original
u^i^s,
tSt n?,
in Zooi,
in olmo?, e
m ^.
e.
g.
wsl*^
).aiijj^
3.
Grammar Lesson.
1.
7.
1417.
Learn the following table which gives the regular substantives, adjectives and participles.
2.
Sing.
Plur.
fern.
masc.
masc.
r^^-^'f^
fem.
Abs. ~
Uons.
w^i^
mP
u.4^^
\^'x^
\"^r^
^P
^^r^
l^^^r^
VU
^r^
PP
h,x,-f.3
^a^-^s
Emph.
3.
\^r^
\h^'i^
Show what
4.
"What vowel
unchangeable?
affixes?
What vowel
is
everywhere
Pronounce
2.
30. 1,
31.3. Eem.
6. 7.
Inflect, in like
manner,
i>ijSn
brooding^
81.
Review
5. 6. 16.
24. 33.
4.
Word
Lesson.
U>q- sea.
disciple.
-
i 1*^ evil.
-^
he
sent
^hA
two.
^^ from,
ooi
if,
he.
(.^l^^Z
5.
Exercises.
1.
Let there be the firmament between the waters and the waters.
3.
2.
The
70
MANUAL. PABT I.
is
waters which are under from the heavens and the earth which
ahove
light
from the
seas.
4.
is
light day.
good that
evil.
was
7.
so.
6.
[is]
The
good
God
(fem.)
which
(?)
he made
[is]
good.
8.
In the beginning
the light (was) separating between the day and the night.
9. Translate literally verses 6
and
7 and,
your own
10.
translation, translate
Do
LESSON FIVE.
1.
Gen.
I.
913.
Notes.
let
55.
(1)
(2) (3)
.Q.A.1S&.3
nethJcann^shun,
them be
collected.
The preformative J is the sign of the 3rd person The ^ is the sign of the masculin plural.
of the Impf.
The
L.
is
passive stem.
(4)
(5)
The root
is ^.Ais to collect.
This form would be written the same in the Ethp^el and in the
Ethpa'al.
passive
56.
1
;
zP
a place.
(1)
The vowel
position,
of the 34. 2.
Olaph
is
(2)
Though emphatic
57.
in state, the
noun
is
indefinite in meaning,
93.2.
((1)
]}^^^ teth-ze, let appear. The preformative Z shows that the form is in either the 3rd fem. sq. or in the 2nd. masc. The context decides for the former.
(2)
The
]
.
first
form of
all
Lomadh He
ends in
J
sg. differs
to
(3)
45. 5.
The
and
first
is
and compare
Ij-c,
jooi
|o0iJ.
MANUAL PART L
(4)
i^l
that this
is
a passive stem,
41.4.
Since the
i.
e.
the Ethp^'el.
|^At^ t/ab-bish-to, the dry land. The ^ being preceded by a vowel the dot above
shows that
it is
it,
called
Kushoy,
to be doubled,
it,
10. 2. (2).
(2)
ia
no half-vowel
(3)
b, is
and that Z
unasperated.
76.
59.
(1) (2) (3)
4ln\o
wal^khensho,
and
to the
gathering.
|.^Ls is
67.
^ is the
o
is
34.
the conjunction.
i^ takes a half-vowel.,
lit.
jJi.^?
is
really a demonstrative
It has
(2)
come
A.
For
61.
jL^iio-.
ya-mSf seas.
are the sign of the plural Rebhiit/,
first
ijo lio
(1) (2)
13.
The
line
under the
is
linea occultans
and shows
19. 3.
that,
is
not to be pronounced,
76. 3.
The singular
62.
.i-asZ
|J^,
let
67. 2. (7).
thap-pek,
cause
to
go
out.
(1)
Z
1
.
10.
assi-
milated Nun,
(2)
the
above
it is
(3)
The Yudh
at the
end
is
45. 5.
72'
MANUAL.- PAET I.
(4)
The root
a syllable
is ^.aAi,
the
Nun
The
last
Olaph
is otiant,
the other
?,
is
so that
we have
oUhadh-o,
(2)
25.
1. (2).
Z
Z
has
Rukhokh because
the preceding
word ends
in a vowel,
10.1.(3).
(3)
stands for
Hebrew
t.
It
!!<i2Ja
?,
the
nmS
is
es-bo, herb.
t
This
It
is
a segholate of the
class,
67.
1.
in the emphatic
93.2.
65.
(1)
?
^^9?)^?
is
dh^mez-d^ra
ivhich
was
seeding for
itself.
clause,
38. 136.
(2)
Rukhokh
10. 1. (3).
'^vilo
is
is
the
cording to
22. 4.
is
? and y have been transposed, acmetathesis from Z the sign of the reflexive,
is
instead of
because of
the guttural,
66.
(1)
i;^
52. 3.
to its kind.
qimV\
is
l^gen-seh,
according
vowel,
(2)
(3)
01* is
36.
>Ja.l^
It
67.
(1)
|jLiL|o
wi-lo-no,
and
the tree.
]
Waw
Rem.
25.
(2)
f
68.
is
76.
Rem.
1.
of the fruits.
It
(1)
aspirated
after
the
preceding vowel.
introduces
an
MANUAL.- PART I.
73
97.
A.
2.
of
them standing
|
13. 2.
is
plur. emph.,
76. 3.
69.
(1) (2)
r^?
?
dh^'o-bhedh, which
1.
was
yielding,
lit.
was making.
For
j-^ilu
see 65.
is
Masc.
70.
(1)
5
a\h,^^^
Kushoy because
^^^^
is
in the fem. as
shown by
76. 2.
The emphatic
is
\l^^
71.
(cf.
Heb.
it.
nnp
Is. 6; 13).
oi-o in
is
This
sing.
3rd pers.
pron. suffix.
72.
(1)
2^ jo
wap-p%ath, and
(she)
caused
to
go
forth,
Wau,
as usual, draws
latter
quiescing,
(2)
25.
b,
Rem.
34. 2.
|
In ^wu^l,
is
is
Kushoy
is
over the s^
;
doubled
the
doubling
is
43.
Rem.
1,
41. 3, 53. 2.
i.
e.
the third,
"^
This
is
In dha, dh
is
a helping
half-open,
;<
33. 2, 17, 4.
'i:
^Z
to
is
equivalent to the
Hebrew uVr,
to
J^
The pretonic
Kamets
Hebrew
is
74
MANUAL.- PART I.
2.
Observations.
43.
(1)
g. \\m^
e.
w^^.
ws-^j^.
(2) (3)
(4)
An
g.
stem,
stem,
e. g.
e.
^^as].
g. \\j*ZZ^ '^9?}^.
e.
(5)
g. .q-aJ^^J.
(6)
And
The
second radical.
45. 46.
radical.
The
causative stem
is
characterized
by before
In
all
is
preceded by Olaph
in all
Participles and
by Mim;
in the Imperfect
by
the
The names
al,
"
Pa el,
Aph'el, Ethp'el,
Ethpa
48.
Ettaph'al.
when
Hebrew
naturally
long
0.
49.
is
Zkopho;
of
",
P^thoho;
of^Ebhoo;
as in
of^
fibhoo;
50.
'090.
of the Imperfect are the
is
The preformatives
same
Hebrew,
Nun
instead of
Yudh
is
Nun
instead of Tau.
Grammar Lesson.
(1)
Review
tli^
sufformatives of the
P'al Perfect,
43.
(2)
(3) (4)
Form
with the aid of these the Perfects of all the other stems,
21, 22, 36, 44. 20, 23, 34, 35,
4.
44.
Review
911,
to take.
t) heal.
3743.
Word
Lesson.
'^^^-ioA.
waja3
to hear,
>c^*.
wax]
to
crucify.
MANUAL. PABT L
*
-.
76
9
9
to clothe,
^]
according as,
*^atf]
f^ks to
to tempt.
what, that.
to say,
command,
iV|\n\
?
s^sr^ to he near,
wAiAft?
VJlIso because,
to
he far,
\h^M>o^ truth,
v*2o
to open.
^1
5.
them,
Exercises.
1.
God
said:
on the earth.
Let the heavens be opened and let the herb appear 2. The earth brought forth grass according as Grod
Let the earth bring forth the tree of
is
commanded.
3.
fruits
which
is
making
fruits
whose sprout
5.
in itself.
4.
He
(with) herbs.
6.
Ye
He
Ye
God
and
commanded them
will
the truth.
10.
Draw nigh
God and He
be
far
draw near
Him
He
will
from you.
LESSON
74.
(1)
SIX.
1.
Gen.
I.
1416.
Notes.
he.
^otJiJ
first
neh-wun,
let
them
The
Nun
45.
(2)
(3)
^
jooi
45. 6.
9.
See
nah'hire, lights.
(1)
The two
dots over the Eish are Eebbuy, the sign of the plural;
13. 2.
is
The root
76.
I
light,
lit.
iViA^?
(1)
5 is
in apposition with
).iVi4^ is
the pronoun.
See
97.
A.
76
MANUAL. PAET I.
(2)
The
first
syllable is half
open and
its
17. 4, 33. 2.
77.
(1)
wA>j'=iSnS
is
l^ineph-rash, to separate,
vowel,
120.
(2)
^Isl^
78.
|\i\i
is
.,
49.
1.
The root
is
is
^^s.
|%nSn
.]^
see 31.
Olaph prosthetic;
Cf. \^^^h 41
and
79.
(1)
(2)
i
ilii^
K-;yo, night,
ai/,
29. 4. (4).
This noun
80.
generally written
for signs.
jjW.
See 41.
jZoZU
is
loth^ivothOj
(1)
and Rem.
1.
U
The
is
The AVau
is
sometimes
86. 3.
singular
is |zj.
81.
(1)
)xs}.!^o
wa-l^zdbh-ne,
and for
times,
When more
The noun
82.
is
see 75. 2.
(iwii03-*^o
(1)
li^o
as in 81. 1.
(2)
is l^aco-*.
*l
4S0
is
tvHa-sh^na-yo,
(1)
Since Shin
without a vowel
Cf. 81
Lomadh
Wau
(2)
does not.
is
and 82.
86.
1 6.
|Ii^
84.
87. 30.
^9
9iJl:^
man-h^rtn, giving
is
light,
(1)
:ao
prefixed
Cf.
|1^^
(16)
and ^\^\^
(65),
but
and ^l.
(69).
MANUAL. PABT I.
(2)
77
ApKel
stem,
41. 3.
76. 3.
(3)
^'
85.
iao
is
ojoULla^ l^man-ho-ru,
is
give light,
(1)
The
preceded by
(2)
49, 120.
All
Infinitives,
"
o'
with
radical,
(3)
49. 2.
P^thoho with the preformative denotes the causative stem. Cf. 84. 2
and see
86.
(1)
(2)
41. 3.
two.
^^^ th^ien,
see
76. 5.
110.
A.
87.
(1)
(2)
rau-r^bhe, great.
^r:^,
This
87. 27.
after its
noun and
is
its
agreement
number and
93. 3.
(1),
state.
The same
1.
99.
88
(1)
)ViVi
is
i|
dhim omo, of
the day,
This
5
97.
A.
(2)
(3)
is
34. 2,
20, Bern. 2.
89.
(1)
l-cisaso
first
The
Kaph
has
Eukhokh
Kushoy
(2)
]
after a diphthong,
10.
;
is
13, 76. 3.
2.
Observations.
51.
52.
far,
lationship.
7g
'^s.
MANUAL. PAET L
p;ie
(1)
^^^^
6.
-
53.
The Preformative
iao.
The
only
mark
is
to
distinguish
first
form of the
Participle
54.
55.
The preformatives
of Infinitives
The preformative
is
e.
g.
74
g,
\^^'.^
lis) 72, ^^oUio 84. The preformatives of the reflexive or passive stems are all followed by Z e.g. \\^LA 57,
g.
in gender,
number and
definiteness.
.3.
Grammar.
1.
Review the
suff'ormatives
fect;
stems,
2.
3.
Review
76.
18.
13
4.
-18. 45.
Word
List.
ua^l
io crucify,
wsLs
V-^^wa
|
to write.
^01
V
to go.
to
a book,
sun.
4ln
assemble.
to
^^^"
^^j-d4
-*^^(
draw
near,
V.^ifi because.
to
swarm.
_:* from.
%.ai0oZZ| to add.
?
*
^ns
to
command.
^^
>|
those which.
ps when.
MANUAL. PAET I.
79
5.
Exercises.
(that) of the day.
3.
1.
The sun
will
2.
God
stars
made
and
for times.
and they
4.
shall
To
divide;
divide;
they
divided; divided.
Crucify them;
shalt
them be
be
crucified.
6.
Thou
the tree.
7.
The waters
(pi)
were assembled into one place and swarmed because God had so com-
manded.
8.
Two books
have been written and thou shalt write them when they shall be written.
LESSON SEVEN.
1.
Gen.
1.
17-23.
Notes.
90.
(1)
v^su*o
line
is
w^yahh, and
oi
(he)
gave.
The
ander
is
linea occultans,
first
11.
(2)
wsoil
form, see
64. 7.
The usual
91.
.qJ]
form for a Pe
Yudh
58.
'ewwim, them.
There
is
no pronominal
3rd
is
In
its stead,
used,
92.
-
36. 2.
^v^ ^OTV
7eniAc7f-7/T/
to
ruU
over.
This
is
w.jL^
93.
(1) (2)
Cf. 77.
1^9 ]?
is
This
a relative clause
136.
The
may
110B.
94.
(1)
.al^jJ
is
narh^shun,
let
(them) swarm.
Nun
except in the
(2) ^o
is
80
(3)
MANUAL. PABT I.
P*tlioho with the preformative
is
41.3.
95.
(1)
(2)
]^'i
is
rah-sho,
a swarm.
emphatic singular,
90.
67.
1.
This
an a
Kebbuy shows
96.
]L.^^
that the
noun
is
a collective, see
hay-yHhOj living.
(1)
The Rukhokh under the Tau shows that the preceding Yudh is doubled; since if ay were a simple diphthong Tau would have
Kushoy,
10. 2. (3)
Rem.
76. 2.
(2)
|2w is
97.
(1)
|^~ii^
The fem.
is
The
participle
is
118.
98.
(1) (2)
>^\^Ztheph-rGh, let (her) fly. The preformative Z is the sign of the 3rd fem.
sing. Imperf.
The
Cf.
sufiformative
is
^si
62.
(3) (4)
(5)
Yudh
The
is otiose,
24. 3.
in the simple or P^'^al stem. Obs. 56.
shows
is
it is
Pthoho
3rd radical in
Lomadh
Guttural verbs,
99.
(1)
9
c-4-i9|?
has
Rukhokh according
34. 2.
1. (2).
to
10. 1. (3).
It
of Olaph,
25.
(2)
Wau
41. 3, 43. 6.
is otiose,
(3)
The AVau
100.
24. 2.
^auil^
uaJ-^,
is
(1)
For
.ooi
is
see 66. 3.
It
(2)
the pronominal suffix of the 3rd plur. masc. with nouns. never used with verbs, see 91 and 36, 77.
MANUAL. PAET L
101.
(1)
g|
]^9dghep'po,
in the
of wing.
is
The Kushoy
Nun,
Pe
by way of compensation
67. 2. (6).
C]3D.
for
an assimilated
1,
(2) (3)
cognate to
Cf.
|nms,
UaJ-T.
cruttJ-T
(1)
(2)
oi^is
equivalent to the
Hebrew n,
36.
as distinguished from the
The
masc.'',
(3)
The fem.
103.
^J-o
suffix refers
back to
jiu-j^.
Cf.
(1)
jl-^,
is
41.
2.
it
(2)
This
the Imv.
It is in the first
form
i.
e.
3rd masc.
sing., since it
has
43. 4.
.001^
l^hun, to them.
2^ is a preposition.
.OCT is
pronominal
See 100.
105.
Of^
p'^rau, be fruitful.
Lomadh Olaph
60. 4.
nSvo a.^0 wa-s^ffhau wa-mHau, multiply The vowel with the Wau is a helping vowel, 33. 2.
and
syllable after
and
fill.
The
Wau
is
half-open,
17. 1.
(1)
(2) (3)
The
under the
linea occultans.
See 61.
The singular
is ).:a^.
The
108.
clause
is relative.
136.
1^^
e
(1)
the
(2)
]}^jLZ 57.
82
MANUAL. PART L
109.
|.A\niI?
93; waasZ
let
I-1L.5
110.
(1)
\^2.l^hay-ivH}io\
least,
is
Wau
called Marhetono,
12. 2.
Wau
to be
(2)
The noun
fern,
67. 3.
2.
Observations.
58. 59.
The
by ^.
The
cardinals preceded
ordinals.
60.
suffixes
e.
g,
ay^
^oSi^
61.
suffixes
e.
g.
oual^
is
not suffixed to
Final
Wau
e. g.
unpronounced
64.
Nun
is
plur. Perf.
and Imv.
66.
90.
66a.
At
Nun
consonant, which
then doubled.
3.
Grammab Lesson.
35, 36. 2.
(1)
(2)
(3) (4)
w^ou
to give,
64. 7.
Review,
19--25.
MANUAL. PART I.
83
4.
Word
Lesson.
9012]
w^L^A/
to rule. to forsake,
to shine.
to oley.
wAAA/
7
^^^JLcLm]
7
fja^
to
make.
fS
ivhen.
better then.
^A^
i^A^
to teach.
^bo v.^
to baptize.
5.
Exercises.
1.
God gave
the smaller light for the ruling of the night and the
to separate
stars to shine
(to)
the darkness.
He made
was) good.
God
upon the
of heaven.
all
Every
living soul
was taught
to obey
God who
created
shall
be
blessed; forsake
God and He
and
and
be
Ye
shall
baptized with water and with the Spirit, which brooded over the face
of the waters
To obey
is
LESSON EIGHT.
1.
Gen.
L 2431.
Notes.
wit) the creeping things.
111.
(1)
01
)..A^V
ai^o
and
all
of
it (to
is
collective j.-'^'*
(2)
(3)
oi
For the
112.
construction, see
108.
1. (4)
and
94. 6. (1).
>^oiim1
is
^S
according
to its kinds.
(1)
M^oio
the form of the pronominal suffix 3rd sing. masc. with plural
77.
nouns,
84
MANUAL.-PAETI.
(2)
Eebbuy shows
113.
The noun
(See 66).
i^M
let
us make.
47.
(1)
J is the
Rem.
4.
of the
class V.jloi,
46.
is
114.
{.jLiI
nosho,
not pronounced.
115.
(1)
It
a
.
is
34. 36.
(2)
(3)
is
La^,
116.
an a
67 79.
^z:^9
our
(1)
^as
117.
in 115. 2.
is
(2) ^aic5
75. 8.
^Q4^^i^
them
rule.
(1)
45. 2.
(2)
(3)
The
118.
^ is Mehagyono,
see
12. 1.
J"aJ
is
fishes of.
(1) (2)
w.
76. 3.
Cf.
ww^-j-s
44.
j-alk
69.
(1)
(2)
lo-dom, man. >c?P back its vowel and quiesces, throws Olaph
is
25.
1. (2).
Lomadh
121.
01
123.
v\.
(1) Absolute of
noun=>a^^;
construct,
|.\^\^.
>c^^
as in the phrase
>a^^
jffii
(2)
<n
is
Cf.
oual^
66.
122.
(1)
5^=1^
y^ai^ is
This
is
Lomadh Olaph
verb, the
29. 5. (1).
61.
the pron. suffix 3rd sing. masc. with Lomadh Olaph verbs
MANUALPABTI.
123. oioA^oso and subdue
(1)
01
it.
85
is
the 3rd
2.
51. E.
(2)
plur.
P'al
of
,4
nn
is
r\A,nn^,
which before
suffixes
.
becomes o
i. e.
class,
whose
vowel
is
not o as in ^A-a^ia.
The
is otiose,
125. L^at^
(1)
(2)
I have
given.
L.
woy
L
126.
is
and
L.,
64. 7.
L,
^^^1
(n.jD
127.
(1)
2^
"When the
relative
it is
placed at the
suffix,
L^}
is
often indeclinable.
food.
Here the
subject
65, 128.
128.
(1)
fl^^l:^
is
Olaph Kaph,
\L. is
quiescent in the* as
10. 1. (1).
is
(2)
(3)
The form
129.
jiuA.?
the fem. emphat. ending, 76. is maktul, the a having been obscured to
desh-tOj
e,
74.
which
is six.
(1)
]b,M, is
one of the few words which have Kushoy after an unvowelled consonant in the same syllable, 31. 1.
is
(2)
sibilant,
33. 2,
and com-
pare
Rem.
1.
2.
Observations.
suffixes
67.
g.
68.
The Imperf.
i,
P^'al
may have
e)
as the
vowel of
its
2nd radical
'iiM, ^clJuqJ,
either a,
1.
(which becomes
or u,
e.
g. ^^'fS2, ^"^^aj,
A^ r\
-i*\
86
69.
MANUAL. PAST I.
The Imperat.
first
is
first
form
70.
When new
g.
>Q^^
hut
n.la^^,
f\.k<r\'^'\
hut oia.AJsas.
which constitute a
e.
g.
h.
and
h,
is
becomes
g. 2lS3u.
73.
at the
word,
74.
struct
g.
|:^as|io.
original
The
2^,
which
is
Tau
is
^^^
3.
Oramaiab.
(1)
Peculiarities of o
and
a,
27.
(2)
Pe Yudh and Pe
Review
9
Waw verbs,
58.
(3)
4.
-
Word
Lesson.
^mSL^ to
sit,
^^'
-
to he dry*
^^
fO^
to bear,
uall
to
suck,
to to
bum.
know,
pSii^ to
make,
da,
^^
P not
i-al to be heavy.
\p
son.
child.
cC3u
to give.
\r^
lifij]
to inherit.
woman.
].SL^
king.
g^
until.
MANUAL. PARTI.
87
5.
Exercises,
The
2.
trees will
be burnt when
God
in
shall
wind.
make man
them
to
my
image according to
I have done.
3.
my
Let
likeness
and I
shall cause
know what
4.
man
to inherit.
Men were
were made.
5.
bom
to us,
6.
(to him).
The woman
under the
whom
when he saw
7.
upon the
earth.
Tliou shalt inherit the earth and thou shalt learn and
know
that
God is 9. God
that I
very good.
8.
The sun
is
be burned,
know
am
the king
LESSON NINE.
1.
Gen. H.
18.
Notes.
130.
(1)
finished,
is
The vowel
half-open,
of the first o
33.
1,
a helping vowel.
The
first
syllable is
17. 4.
(2)
The
last o is otiose.
11. 3, 24. 3.
(3)
41,
(he) finished.
first
(1)
is
the intensive
Pa
"
el
stem,
41. 2.
is
(2)
Tlie
of the
2nd radical
obscured from
'',
29. 2.
i. e.
the 3rd
masc. sing.,
43. 4.
This
is
an ordinal number.
See
88. IE.
(2) Ordinal numbers, like other adjectives, follow their nouns and agree
in gender,
number and
definiteness,
1 1
0.
B.
88
MANUAL. PAET I.
133. ^aiOf^ilL his works.
(1) (2)
Eebbuy show
-.Aoio^'is
13.
36.
134. fi^^
(1)
(2)
?
has
Kushoy
fact that
first
10. 1. (3).
The
that the
half-open,
135.
(1)
>
This
jJ to
it
rest,
41. 4, 59. 3.
first
(2)
Since
sing,
it
has no sufformative,
43. 4.
the
must be the
form,
i. e.
the 3rd
masc,
>S
136.
88.
^ 4<
seventh.
This
is
Va^
seven,
n.
oufc-j-o
137.
(1)
kad'd^sheh, sanctified
?
it,
is
that the a
is
doubled.
41. 2,
The form
10. 2. (2).
(2)
01*
is
is
Cf.
138.
'^M^
Va
all
written defectively,
139.
y^SV^
bi/
making.
See
120.
1.
(4)
Infinitive
(2)
Eebbuy and ]Z designate the feminine plural emphatic. The first Z is prefixed, the form of the noun being \4-dZ. The
root
is
^^ to
bear,
74. 3.
The inseparable
when
the
Olaph
(2)
34. 3. Bern, 2.
"When a noun
tives,
in connection with
is
preceded by
97.
A. Rem.
2.
MANUAL. PABT I.
(1)
39
The absence
of a
vowel
after
or
s show
it
Ethp'el,
(2) (3)
41.4.
43.
(called
Waw
see
Yudh shows
60).
Lomadh Yudh
Lomadh
Olaph,
(4)
iu, see
(he)
8. 1. (3).
is
136.
Rem.
is
1.
had been
from
jooi fern
are
meant
Compare:
145.
(1)
(2) (3)
]otn vs.
|.i^]
had gone
The
first
Olaih
is
prosthetic,
20.
1.
Yudh
25, 3, 58. 1.
Rem.
2.
The form
Pe
Olaph,
to
58, 60.
caused
come down.
The form
69. It is
53. 2.
Aph'el from .Ij, the Nun being assimilated. Cf. L-as] the first form of the Apli el i. e. 3rd masc. sing. Perfect,
(2)
is
29. 2.
)]
147.
was
not,
is
contracted from
10. 2. (3).
is
&
^|,
65.
Tau has
Kushoy
148.
the
see
llo^
mist.
The root
^^^^
i:
to well.
The form
Cf.
is "^o-Juoi^,
Nun
doubled.
149.
(1)
nSm
used
to
go up.
first
.ji^a
It is in the ab-
enclitic
a\
is
unpronounced
90
MANUAL. -PART I.
(3)
The
action or state,
127.
3. (3).
150.
(1)
(2)
jooi
jn aV)
was
is
watering.
the
first
is
shown by
pre-
fixed with
(3)
41. 3, 50. 2.
is iLk,.
The
first
fonn
Cf. jSoi,
|^.
nostrils.
is
25.
1. (2).
(3)
(4)
77.
after
.s is
Kushoy
Kushoy
10, 12.
>a.^
from
(the) front,
is
i. e.
from
the east.
154. >a^
{lie)
put. This
the
first
form of a verb
E "Wau contracted
from
>cai5,
59.
2.
Observations.
7 5.
in the first
1
.
41.
The vowel occurs everywhere in the Pa' el stem after the first radical.
numbers are formed from the
radicals of the cardinals
after the first radical, a' after the second,
77. Ordinal
by putting a half-vowel
li' after the third,
and
88.
particles take a helping
it
78.
The inseparable
a half-open syllable.
lo-
Whether a form
is
simple or intensive.
The sense and not the writing(which is the same in both)determines the stem.
80.
i>e
or
to the root,
e.
g.
81.
MANUAL. PABT I.
91
3.
Grammar.
51.
(1)
The Perfect
A. B.
(2)
(3)
Quantity of vowels,
28.
Eeview,
43, 44.
4.
Word
Lists.
wA^^
to forsake,
wS59 to follow,
(TLlsoZ to
\4^
to
Jcill.
wonder,
V^ojk/ to weigh.
^Jus
V
to conceive.
<fS\^ to counsel,
y wAkX^A' to glorify,
fM]
to seize.
,jis to
6.
command.
Exercises.
2.
1.
God
God weighed
his
works which he had done and when He saw that he had not followed
killed him.
3.
Him He
fect),
Ihem
(?
He made me
wonder
(Aphel)
thee.
5.
when he commanded
him and
from
didst
command me.
God
rested
all his
works when
8.
and
sanctified them.
He had completed them and He blessed them When the heavens and the eaHh were created,
9.
rain to
come
down and
water
all
the herb of the field sprang up, and a mist was going up to
the trees of the field and every green herb (greenness of herb)
for food, (which to
which
Adam had
Adam
were).
LESSON TEN.
1.
Gen. IL
915.
Notes.
out.
to
go
The Olaph designates the Aph'el stem, 41.3. The first radical is o. This becomes Yudh in the simple and intensive stems, 58. The .* comes from iy.
92
MANUAL. PART I.
(3)
The
third radical
was
originally
Lomadh Olaph
verbs,
60.
(1) This
(2)
a relative clause,
is
136.
20.
1.
prosthetic,
(3)
is
V^4^. Being
P'al
a pre-
93. 3.
(2).
157. ||mV^V
This
of |"P; the
of
158. Vsjlolk
to eat.
con-
159.
(1)
(2)
iifl-i?i.s?
cyi^l^wi>ar5
For the
97 B.
For
^^
i
and
oiiju^Lo,
to
see 42
it.
and
15.
160. oiZn
^SnS
water
3rd
sing. masc.
and
49, 50.
oa.
.
Infin. construct ;
cbki:^ 85.
belongs to the root, which
park.
is
(4)
Yudh
161.
Lomadh Yudh
is
(Olaph),
60.
;
This
^'to
in apposition with
the
^ may in such cases be rendered by 162. ^ |o<n becometh. The verb jooi
lated
wit^\ see
123. 2.
i:^
(7).
followed by
may be
trans-
by
become.
This
is
the
P'al
Part.
See
60. 5.
The
name of it which
is one.
(1)
On
,^5
>a^, see
is
87. 29.
(2)
noun, see
MANUAL.-PABT L
(3)
03
110. B.
which
is
surrounding.
which, see
is
104.
2. (2) Bern.
135. 2.
h,
The
cn
Participle has
because of the
see
52. 3.
It has the
is
35.
from
ooi,
6. 6. (1).
^n\
all.
^ is
The
167.
123.
^Ij
104. 4, 136.
168. (M0I5O
the
ally
)
it.
oijsai)
It
noun when
attributive
hi is
Compare
definiteness,
^^-^ij
93. 3.
(2).
Above
used in
in vs. 11
its
and below
110. B.
by
is
stead,
^ with
123.
173.
(1)
01
nn^
shabh-keh, left
not doubled.
see,
The form
137 and
41. 2.
(2)
oi" is
174.
(1) (2)
5
<^oin
JtN^il? that he
might
till it.
137. 4.
sAoia-
the form of the 3rd sing. pron. suffix with the Imperf.,
2.
51.
D.
94
MANUAL. PAET L
In
"^"'^ (from
-
(3)
^Vq^
46)
Nun
is it
to be masc. sing.
the
with
4.
Rem.
The
would
also be ^.mJ:;^^.
is
This
is
we have
j-JuJ
Nun
being
and see
53. 2.
2.
Observations.
and !^ and
the relative
84.
take
new
syllable.
A short vowel may be dropped, volatilized or shifted. A naturally long vowel unchangeable, 73.
is
3.
Grammar.
(1)
(2) (3)
Euphony of vowels, 29. The Imperfect &c. of the regular verb with suffixes,
Review
36 and
5 1 C.
.
D. E. F.
4547.
4.
Word
Lesson.
^f
if.
.^s
f^il^
>
to till
^^^Jio^ to hear.
to obey.
to serve. to steal,
^^>i>^^^A>]
n1
yffji to bless.
^^L^
to deliver.
ws?
to follow.
to sanctify.
l^^^vC^
enemy.
uA'i^
MANUAL. PAET L
95
5.
Exercises.
2.
1.
God
will bless
you
if
1 will
(pi.)
cause
to see
it (fern.)
and
trees
and whose
(which their
4.
it.
fruits) are
good
for eating.
3.
The
(masc).
in
Eden
that he
may
till it
and keep
I shall cause
it
land of Cush.
7.
6.
Thou
wilt bless us
I shall
kill
Thou
(fern.)
wilt kill
him
if
9.
said;
and I
shall bless
him and I
Thou
(fem.)
wilt hear
1 1
.
when thou
callest.
They
him and
will kill
him and
will deliver
him
to his
enemies.
LESSON ELEVEN.
1.
Gen. IL
1620.
Notes.
and said
34. 2.
to
him.
For the
124.
see
^oajz
is
\.a|io thou
may est
eat.
Vcj^
verb,
is
119.
that
Olaph
quiescent,
is
(2)
The verb
Olaph
is
in the
2nd masc.
55. 2.
quiescent,
j3
178. "^a-sji
ing.
This
is
is
The negative
li,
ceded by
179.
(1)
?
114.
115. 3.
*Eoo
is
written defectively,
6. 5.
(2) This
common way
137.
5. (2).
thou,
eatest.
its
pro-
96
MANUAL. PAET I.
suffix is omitted, as frequently in
nominal
temporal clauses,
136. 6.
Rem.
1.
181.
(1)
Za^Z
is
fZaio
Infinitive absolute,
(2)
Zolo^
is
going over into o and the helping vowel of the preformative being
volatilized.
The
root
is fi
Wau,
is
29.
7. (1),
59. 2.
182.
I
iocjiJ? that
is
should be
&c^
135.
t'^ki
)]
the predicate,
1, 2.
is
This
compound
of the prepositions
and
suffix,
89. B. Bern. 3. 3.
184. jJiil
(1)
(2)
will make.
The Olaph is the preformative for the first person sing. Imperf. The under the second radical signifies an Imperf. of the i class,
46.
1
and
cf.
'jn'^.
and
'!'&}
in
Hebrew.
185. iJ^jio
(1)
help.
5
is
(2)
(3)
The
:^ points to
50. 2.
The ending
agentis,
p
1.
often
75.
186. oiZaj]
fixes,
like
him.
3. 1.
This
is
^]
89. B. Bern.
The
first
form
is |z|,
64. 4, a
verb.
(2)
(3)
The Olaph of ^^f denotes the Aph'el For the ending ^ see 155.
188.
]}-*.J?
41. 3.
(1)
in
Hebrew)
is
the
60. 3.
(2)
The
137. 4.
MANUAL. PAET I.
189.
( 1)
|J~D lli^
is
ivhat he
was
calling.
This
jjic,
is
135. 3.
(2)
(2).
On 1^
190.
01
see
162 and
hau
60. 5.
is.
oi
ooi OCT
hu, that
(1)
is
ooi
is
6. 6. (1),
The demonstrative
tn
resumes and
is
The
1.
clause
with
(3)
01
Va
is
equivalent to a
101.
noun absolute,
95. 3, 135.
is
the copula,
191.
]oi.isaA^
names.
This
is
pa^
name,
192.
(1) (2)
W.A.
wifca^u^l
there
and
L.
It is Ethpe'el as is
after the
L.
shown
(a)
radical.
(3)
By
According to form,
the 3rd masc. Perf.
:
this
might be the
2.
Observations.
i,
87. Imperfects
may have
is
a,
88.
particular case
to
g. w.fcs2ui,?
^ouLLciJ.
135.
mood denoted by
1618,
114.
9a
MANUAL. PABT I.
3.
Grammar.
(1)
(2)
verbs,
60.
61.
(3)
MANUAL -PAET I.
that I shall be alone he will
9.
99
make
for
me
Adam
that
He
might see
what he was
LESSON TWELVE.
1.
Gen. IL
2125.
Notes.
Cf.
cant.
^of
155,
^M
(1)
187.
slept*
it
(2)
intransitive,
1st form.
41.
1. (2).
and he
closed.
Aph'el
it.
>
196. gi.rt^i
in place of
S,t^
like
many
other prepositions
77. 4.
197.
(1) (2)
nmj? which
clause
is
he
had
taken.
The
adjective,
is
136. 112.
1. (3).
The Perfect
198. ]ZJJJ
to
a woman.
quiescing,
(1) (2)
34.2.
with the
Nun
is
linea occultans,
11.
(3)
The word is the indirect obj ect, the verb governing two obj ects, 125.3.
p
.
199.
(1) (2)
ou^|o
is
01" is
oiil^
102),
61.
^lJ\
aytl
becomes
ay-t^yoh,
7. 3. (2) 6.
200. lis]
(1) (2)
poi
is
a demonstrative pronoun,
37.
its
1.
or follow
noun,
102.
1.
is
The form
the
77. 1.
1 00
MANU A L PART I.
202. sya
(1)
(2)
wy flesh. Yudh designates my, appended The final Yudh in words like this
besr^,
An
36.
is
pronounced like
e,
31. 3,
Bern.
1.
she)
taken,
is
76. 2.
204.
(1)
^^^^"^
(2)
o shows
46. 3. Note.
205. v9ia.{]
(1)
(2) (3)
^01 is the
pronominal
j-c)
36.
oi]
is
the form of
before suffixes,
its
vowel to the
Lomadh and
quiesces in
32. 3, 25. 2.
(4)
Lomadh
is
indirect object,
cleave.
This
is
Nun
18, 53.
is
no
Waw
conversive in Syriac.
the construct of the
two of them.
^'"iZ is
Dual ^iJ.
52.
On the Dual
'fSio f.^
in Syriac, see
flesh.
76. 5.
208.
(1)
one
see,
99.
1.
Rem.
1.
is
(2)
adjective or participle
(2).
commonly put
in the
93. 4.
naked.
209.
(1)
(2)
The ^^is
210.
(1)
^Z3u
is
boh-ttn,
ashamed.
50. 1,76. 3.
This
MANUAL.
2)
PART,!.,
>
/,''^
]'
'.,:>'',
'\
''
',
;^t)l
The singular is ZoLd, but the short vowel hardened when an affix is appended. See
31. 3.
e is lost
Rem.
1.
2.
Observations.
91. There
is
92. Syllables
93. 94.
may be
17.
Aw
A Dual occurs
few instances.
may be dropped
in inflection,
7. 3. e. g.
96.
g. jntTtn, ,^>
TN j-^
Nun
Hebrew.
98.
precede.
100. Attributives agree with their nouns in gender, number, and state.
101. In stative verbs, the vowel in usually 102.
c.
Some
3.
Grammar.
(1)
Pe Olaph Verbs,
55.
26.
Review,
4.
Word
Lesson.
^m\
to seize.
V.
to close.
^M
waX
%.s|
to bring.
^^1
to
go out.
to learn.
to
III. to teach*
\z] to come,
mourn.
'
'
;02
'
MANUAL PART L
jsi^ to remember,
>o,-o before
fjo]
to bind.
%JL upon,
^i:^.
See
77.
4.).
suffixes).
5.
Exercises.
1.
Adam
had been
cast
his ribs
was closed
in place of
God brought
shall
to
Adam.
2.
Adam was formed into a woman whom And when Adam saw her he said: this
is flesh
of
Go
I will bind her and teach her not to mourn for her.
Bring her to
5.
me and
Re-
member God and he has remembered thy father and thy mother. 7. His flesh was eaten. 8. I 6. They shall be blessed who mourn.
shall learn all that
me
because I
all
am
is
not ashamed to
written in this
learn.
9.
that
good book.
LESSON THIRTEEN.
1.
Gen.
m. 15.
NOIES.
'^'ll.
'{\)
]oCT
|ooi is enclitic
127. 10,
11.
The
212.
participle
is
50. 1.
((I)
from.
that it
is
to be read
(2)
Men
101.
1.
is
the feminine
oi
and not
6. 6. (2) 6.
MANUAL -PART L
(2)
IO3 97. B.
For
tlie
construction, see
108.
1. (4),
Rem.
4.
214.
(1)
)
j-als.?
which
(he)
had made.
136.
(2)
112.
1
1. (3).
94.
216. ^JJHi-^
(1) (2)
l^] is the
common ending
said.
for adverbs,
89.
A.
3.
t4^
f<harrir is of the
formative kattil,
72. 2. (4).
is
217. j^)
hath
(he)
The Perfect
112.1.(2).
218.
(1)
5
^ol^U
li?
here a
quotation,
(2)
13
may be
114.1.
219. l^oll^
to
the serpent.
The
indirect object
is
introduced by
Lomadh,
220.
124.
^?
(4).
from.
introduces the
quotation
like
ut in
Latin,
135. 3.
221.
(1)
?
j-ia-.?,^^?
136 and
is
the
130.
is
the predicate,
>*V|.s,
30.
1.
of them,
eat.
is
94.
223.
'^Q-sJ.J tve
may
mood,
see
114. 2.
|J?
224. .oZa^soZ
137. 4.
lest
ye
die.
This
is
an adverbial clause of
result,
225. ^SeV
is
an
Inf.
Absolute from
l^
to die.
It is here
used
119.
1. (1) a.
'^-^
137.
5. (2).
104
MANUAL.-PAET I.
227.
^^
5
(he)
Mows
is
2nd
Perfect,
112. 2. (1).
228.
(1)
(2)
day
that.
The
?
135. 3.
jv^i^
137. 2.
The
whole clause
138.
3. (3).
equivalent to
protasis,
The
is
The time
1. (2).
made
?
by
116. 104.
(2)
The
is
1. (4).
230. ,--^^:ac
(1)
Participle formed
by
;
ie prefixed,
50. 2; the
first
Z shows
the
Reflexive,
tensive,
(2)
41. 4
the
Kushoy
Z shows
the In-
76. 4.
The
Participle
it
introduces an apodosis,
fulfilled.
not yet
The noun
is
76. 5. (2).
it is
99. 2.
232.
the
.o2?-c<3i
ye shall
be.
This
is
P*al Part,
plural and
2nd
See
35. 2. Note.
233.
vJLlk,-*
knowers
of.
The
before an object,
118. 2.
The order
116.
2.
Observations.
is enclitic
103.
001
when
it
and the
He
is
vs. 1
verbal the
He is
The predicate
is
be a noun
meant
to
be specially
MANUAL.- PART I.
104
first,
105
a.
The comparative
is
in
compared, compared.
g.
Va~*^
is
is
the noun to be
is
by
,-iao,
e.
is
made
preceded
from
e, e.
g.
^Jic=men, but
_i^=waw
106.
may be
^IT
either a demonstrative
Ji*
pronoun
pronoun
(like
or
107. Observe that there are in this lesson three ways of expressing
the genitive relation.
(1) Ij-c?? |Zn>ii vs.
1.
(2)
^ "^
|
"|
^'ij^ vs. 2.
a:
108.
The form
V.^
1, (4)
e.
g.
a pluperfect,
vs. 5.
109. "\Ve have in this lesson specimens of the three kinds of de-
pendent sentences,
with
e.
|3?
(1) substantive
vs. 2,
e.
beginning
adjective
vs. 1,
^^5
the
first
jJ?
vs. 3,
jicols? vs.
i-r^i^?
5, (2)
^ZaiscZ
]]?
vs. 3,
is
and
V^u^ao vs. 5,
110. There
of the Imperfect
i.
e.
\qJ^Z
and
bi<.
is
^thou
is
both
o'j
and
6<b
jjltj,
may be
|J
In
this
we have
.a!:i]z
ye
shall
1,
^^asp we
4.
maj/ eat,
lest ye ^oZaioZ P
die, vs. 3.
ye
shall
of the body which occur in pairs and a few other words have a separate form for the dual in the absolute state.
112.
taking
its
place.
106
MANU AL.-PART I.
3.
Grammar.
(1) fi
Wau
verbs,
59.
(2) Peculiarities of
Wau,
27.
(3)
Keview,
4.
Word
Lesson.
v^^a4
Ij-.?
to defile.
habitation, divelling,
fi.-^ to die.
\L] hand,
>.j^S head.
87. 2.
w^^
to curse.
,J io shake.
'^1
]Lc1js covenant.
13?
to be
moved.
lest.
flL,
to
watch.
jLl^^^
?
city.
ua^
II. to be anxious.
1
>cj-o before.
to
prepare.
5.
Exercises.
1.
The beast
which (were)
in
The woman
beast which (was) in the field prudent was from [was more prudent
than] every serpent of paradise.
3.
The man
4.
which
because I
Inf.)
know
die.
6.
35. 2) of
5.
Ye
have cursed
God and he
The woman stood and put her hand upon my head and
Ac-
cursed (be) thou and mayest thou die (thou shalt die) because thou
hast been defiled.
8.
The whole
stem).
9.
city
Watch ye (II stem) lest ye shall be defiled. was moved because the dwellings had been shaken
7.
(VI
He was
his
head and
bless
him before he
die.
MANUAL PART I.
107
LESSON FOURTEEN.
1.
Gen.
m. 614.
Notes.
135. 3.
(2)
is
99. 2.
(3)
The
clause is nominal,
130.
1.
235. coijiuU
(1)
reg-gHhau.
The
ooi is enclitic,
and hence
its oi is silent
and
its
coalesces
101, 23. 4.
state.
If
it
here.
But
see also,
93. 2. (1).
236.
(1) (2)
i*Vi\
to see
or for seeing.
The preposition takes a before the unvowelled consonant, 34. 3. -^ comes from mehwar from mahwar; wa going over regularly I
into
0,
59.
1,
29. 5. (3).
The
final
Yudh
is
The Reflexive
is
41. 4.
(2)
238. They
made
and an indirect
object, see
The form
is
50. 2.
e.
the
Hal
in Arabic,
g. the
137.
240. 241.
(1)
Ilco-i?
01
*i^\
lit.
97. B.
[a].i-4-^z] they
hid themselves,
o.
108
MANUAL.-PAET I.
(2)
is
when
it
has two
121. 6. Rem, 2.
(3)
is
from
29. 4.
(4),
60. 1.
olL who
4.
he.
The form
a contraction of
man and
hu,
39.
Rem.
The verb
is
Lomadh
61.
Olaph
verb.
I
sxm with
2nd masc.
sing.,
245.
(1)
>
oO^
(2)
136.
suff.
(3)
Pakkedhtokh
2nd masc.
246. \^hS\
absolute,
sing.
the
woman
resumed by
s^oi.
95. 3.
[is] he.
The form
is
is
The hu
limited
hast done.
derived
35.
43.
The
12. 1.
is
36. 1.
(3)
The Olaph denotes the causative stem, 42. 3. 60. (4) The Yudh shows that the verb is a Lomadh Olaph (Yudh) verb, -^ 250. cursed is the pass. part, of the simple stem from the I
fi
"Waw
*,
59. 3.
36. 1.
2.
Observations.
113. Nominal clauses are those which have a noun for predicate,
e.
g, the clauses
beginning with
i^4>? vs. 6;
,^i>S^p.?
vs. 7; \k*]
MANUAL. PART I.
VS. 9
109
Jillr^? vs.
1 0,
and
vs.
11; oli^
vs.
1 4.
Verbal
e.
sentences are those whose predicate and copula are a verbal form,
g*
^nml
vs. 7 etc.
114.
As
in
is
frequently used as a
copula, vss. 6,
and 13.
to emphasize the persons
vs. 12.
i.
115.
>aoi,
noun
e. it is
governed like
\
g.
Va)v^\
for eating^
iVi\ for
See
120.
Passives.
117.
The
participle
when used
like the
to be governed
by a preposition the
is
placed
first
as usual
nominal
suffix
in
an abnormal position
at the
by
The
Compare ^5vio
with ^.Ju^^
vs. 14.
3.
Gbammab.
(1)
Guttural verbs,
52.
1 10
MANUAL. PART I.
hffiJ
to he light. to to
wiiQJ
to take,
praise.
be able,
sJOaJ to slay.
\
k.1
nql
to
go
out.
jLz
adoZ
j.^
to break.
to
\1li
to fall.
admire,
^aJ
I^sej
to scatter.
to keep.
mother.
5.
Exercises.
to look at.
2.
1.
Adam
The mother
of
the
3.
man saw
good
for eating.
Where
(art)
thou
(f.),
the desire of
my
eyes?
4.
The husband
of
the
which
it
it
was pleasant
(^)
the dust.
Adam
in the
ate and knew that he was naked and he sewed the leaves of a figtree and
made
him an apron. 6. My mother heard the Lord walking garden and she hid herself in the midst of a figtree which was
for
in the
garden.
7.
At
Adam,
told
Adam, where
art
thou?
in
my image
and according to
my
Who
go out
my
heard
it
this.
9.
will fall,
10. I admire
to slay
I cannot take
my
LESSON FIFTEEN.
1,
Gen.
III.
1524.
Notes.
252.
(1)
|inn^|\sa
is
b^'
{the)
enmity.
^o*)
This
an abstract noun in
eld^bhobho,
compound
fly,
word
96.
enemy,
compound
\J^
lord
and l.is?
1. a.
MANUAL.-PAET I.
(2)
Most nouns with this ending are found only in the emphatic state, and
are consequently often used
when the
idea
is indefinite,
93,2.(1).
253.
( 1)
>awao)
will
is
I put.
first
The Olaph
45.5.
(2)
The
.i.^
comes from
is
59.
Rem.
29. 4.
dijBfers
(4).
(3)
This
Yudh
verb which
2.
in
E Waw
255.
(1)
vioin
59. 6.
Rem.
29.
7. (1), 59. 2.
tem-Moo.
by
(2)
00 as in hoohy,
is
8. 1. (1).
sufi".
^5io
the pron.
This
is
after the
(3)
vowel
e,
36,
61.
;
The
first
Yudh
the
Taw
is
the
uTtrNn is
49. 2. It strengthens
257.
(1)
The
at the
end
is
Imperf.,
(2)
45.
is
The root
,J:L, the
Yudh
The
text has
by mistake
is
e for i
259.
-i-szi
sing.
shalt
This
2nd fem.
60 from P-s.
neshtallat.
260. w4ill.ju^
before a sibilant,
21.1.
is
261.
nere
262.
'^
of
is
It is the
subject,
predicate
the
nominal
clause
of which
-
^9]
is
the
130.
1,
99, 2.
112
MANUAL.-PART L
[of]
it,
The form
fixes the
of the verb
o*'
suffix is
^asjz; with
7.
suf-
is
changed
(volatilized) to a half-vowel,
1. (3),
7. 3. (1), 31. 1.
(2)
suffix is
it,
marked with a
(3)
often
like forms is
See
51.
D.
2.
bring out.
is
45. 2.
The vowel
42.5.
(3)
The
original
"Wau
of
Pe
Wau
Yudh
as in the P^'al,
nor contracting
Hebrew,
58. 3.
it i.
e.
from which.
comes
by a pronominal
suffix agreeing in
104.
2.
Bern.
266.
the
01
><(3i
M,
101.
shows that
>A^9
is
6. 6. (2) &,
267.
(1)
which [w]
living.
This
which
is
the sub-
ject and
(2)
136.1. (1).
^*M is
number,
A Yudh
is
86. 13.
suffix for the
is
pronoun
used instead,
'
270.
(1)
(jTj-]
his hand.
Olaph
is
prosthetic,
10.
MANU A L.
(2)
P ART
I.
1 j3
Hebhoo
For the
271. waii
is
a helping vowel,
(3)
nessabh
for
nensabh,
the
Nun
being
assimilated,
18. 1, 53. 2.
272.
64. 6.
]^
he shall
live.
This
is
).^^.
See
273. ai.as]o
(1)
(2)
01* is
tvapp^keh,
36, 51.
A.
The
Wau
full
The
form of
wjas]
Wau,
53. 2.
274. vJLikJ,^
preposition,
96. 4.
Rem.
1.
275.
(1)
This
fern. abs.
antecedent,
ws
99. 2.
this is the Ethpe'el,
shows that
Rem.
1.
2.
Observations.
is
122.
The composition
The
of
occasion-
123.
in the verb
Waw
e.
^. in >a.jo1
and ^^0|J.
somewhat
126.
verb which
precedes.
its
ante-
we
e.
g. w^^?.
1 1
MANUAL PART I.
many
Compare
|^.J-Zaa,
86, 87.
Grammar Lesson.
56, 57.
(1)
(2)
Review
4.
Word
List.
MANUAL.-PART 1
.115
LESSON SIXTEEN.
1.
Gen. IV.
113.
Notes.
in
Nun
Ll^h and
under the
Lomadh
fern,
in
and the
in Zj^i^l
sing.;
Koph
277.
j^l.:^,
58. 2.
The Lomadh
brother,
is
123.
(2) \^]
and
father insert o
sing.,
87. 1.
is
a participle a point
;
It is either in
in the accusative,
118. 2, 123,
The
dots over
{.l^^k
90.
280. bb^
281.
282.
,-io after
^Lf
he brought. 21.
|z|,
64. 4.
^jl^,
1,22.4.
1. (2).
283.
284.
wi.U4,
56. 2, 25.
52. 3, 43.
it is
wf^sZl
A.
The Eebbuy
13
is
put with
this
43. B. 5.
286. J
/*
138.
67.
287. |^9Z
of the a
Jol^
is
a class;
let
of the
t class,
69.
288. Ijji
(1)
Remember
Nun
45. 10.
1
The Imperfect
289.
is
14. 1.
^
is
137. 2.
The
sentence
290. ,A^|? of
mg
lie
(1>
MANUAL.-PART I.
When
it
is
preceded by
?,
The vowel
291.
292.
"
is
heightened from^,
7. 2. (4).
A. B.
that
it
(1)
Tettel
wsoul,
(2)
The
clause
an adverbial clause of
120.
result,
137. 4 which
is
often
1. (3)
293.
(1)
(2)
"^1]
zo-ydy a fugitive.
is
The a
instead of e
is
26.
1. (1).
The Olaph
in Arabic.
inserted in the
Yudh,
(3)
This Olaph
is
2. (1).
294
i.
V=5
great
is
can be remitted
e.
my
be remitted.
generally expressed
(1)
noun
to
it
is
to be
compared
^JS^,
100.
101.
It is to
is
^ZnSnra
the uth
is
my
folly or sin.
The
is
36;
(4)
nn4Sn\>
which,
The
is
104. 2.
The
Infin.
preceded by
120.
Lomadh sometimes
1. (5).
MANUAL, PAET L
J 17
2.
Observations.
129.
The
by means of
dia-
critical points is to
be noted.
The student
is
now
thoroughly.
131. "When a noun or verb
is
irregular,
i. e.
62
possible committed
memory,
e.
g.
ht^
^Jsc, vs. 3,
,\|Vi\
i^aao], vs. 2.
assimilation.
possible, every
noun accoramg
135. Memorize
all particles.
It saves time to
do
so.
3.
Grammar Lesson.
54.
Bead over
Eeview,
78
85.
(3)
118
>1:ujC
MANUAL.-PAET t.
suddenly.
jio to be bitter^
bitter.
i*i
lY.
to
be
made
\Lso9b persecution,
IJU voice,
?
aVi Messiah,
5.
Exercises.
2. Gro in
and
live in the
3. They (fem.) trembled and bent their faces to the earth. The good youth cherished his old father (his father the old) and his old mother. 5. Let God be magnified and let me humble myself before
coveted.
4.
him.
6.
Embittered
when
the voice of
God
shall
God which
and the earth and overshadowed the mother of the son of God, before
that she conceived and brought forth the Messiah.
7.
Eve added
to
bear Abel the brother of Cain; and after some days Cain
the soil (was working in the earth) brought as a gift to the
of the fruits of his soil and the
who
tilled
Lord some
gift,
favor on his
LESSON SEVENTEEN.
1.
Gen. IV.
1428.
Notes.
^95. >^&.Ad|
appekton,
296. .f^f^.
77. 4.
Some
297.
293.
]o(n\
?
first
person,
6. 6. (3).
Vs
107.
is
7.
299. .liZsIS.
added,
33. 3.
e.
seven fold.
^hl
two.
MANUAL. PAKT I.
(1)
(2-)
119
The numbers one and two agree with For the position and date, sed 110.
302.
^j^ioiiik.
genitive,
98. 1.
303.
,-*.*]?
who
in
hold.
is
an active sense,
which precedes,
sister.
An
Heth,
23.
1. (1). is
306. ^ASSnA>
*Zo,
is
the
2nd fem.
48. 2.
in the
same
place,
59. 2.
307.
(1)
|.jj-l another,
is occult,
The Olaph
occultans,
19. 1. (1)
and hence
is
11.
number and
308.
(1)
state,
93. 3, 99.
they).
^-^
began he (or
is
Pa*
el,
6. 6.
(2)
impersonal,
122.
2.
Observations.
136.
Pay
137.
Some
before suffixes,
g.
V:^ and
>c,-d
and
>a:^
number
of
indefinite
pronoun
to
ceded by
139.
Va
and followed by
rules for cardinal
?.
The
as in
Hebrew.
way
120
MANUAL.-PAET I
141.
e. g.
Some
participles
vs. 21.
^.-.-mI,
word or
first, if
possible,
whether a
letter
g.
h^,
vs. 22.
3.
Grammar Lesson.
62.
(1)
(2)
Doubly
Weak
61.
Verbs,
Read over
Review
66
75.
(3)
4.
Word
Lesson.
IjoJ to tempt.
]jo]
%di^3
s.u\^Z]
to desire.
to heal.
\^y\ alms.
1-4.50.0
to rest.
(m.) holiness,
J.J
to reject.
\o^^joy.
V^9Qo
city.
^aM
to
show.
\\^ to rebuke.
\ioh^ virgin,
Qli^ request.
to sigh. to desire.
wc|z|
]o1z)
to
\*^ girl.
|
agree
m aV
Messiah,
5.
Exercises.
1.
The Lord
and
will
2.
put a sign
The
girls
He
caused Cain to rest in the city which his son had built
4.
The
virgin will
when she
sees
A
7.
name Messiah.
Be thou
and there
shall
be joy to thee.
MANUAL. PABT L
121
LESSON EIGHTEEN.
1.
Psalm H.
Notes.
lit.
for what?
This
noun,
common form
Singular jLtfoj.
311. Ji^h
60.
1.
is
312.
],.*.s|
together, lit.
as one.
vowel
e,
33. 4.
313.
(1)
wT^?
he who
?
sitteth.
The
relative
etc.,
104. 2. Rem.
(2)
The
116. 2.
(3)
see
99. 2.
59.. 3.
(1)
(2)
43. 5.
315. ..j^'^malk^,
my
king,
declare.
316.
(1)
?
):ifi.*J9 that
he
may
is
137. 4.
(2)
The verb
formative,
is Ethp'^'el,
41. 4, Imperfect, as
45. It
is
(3)
from the first plur. by the sense. Lomadh Olaph, The Shin and Tau have been transposed, 21. 1.
317. ^'^'idh^hher^.
(1)
135.
3. (3).
(2)
of the final
1. (2),
Yudh,
see
31.
Rem.
1.
^.U
56.
2,
25.
32. 3.
12,2
MANUAL. PART L
21.1,
fear.
319. ai^flj|
320.
]wI:^.m9
30. 2.(1).
24. 2,
e is
12. Bern.,
The second
facilitate the
321.
(1)
^9i..iJO|.Msfo.
.*ai-. is
the regular pron. suffix 3rd. sing. masc. after a verbal form
51.
A.
51. E.
The vowel u
and
32.
1.
of the Imperat.
is
137. 5.
The
1.
116.
324.
trust,
117. 4, 99.
2,
104. 2. Bern,
2.
Observations.
143. Nouns and pronouns may, without any change of accidence, be treated as the Arabic adverbial accusative or the Latin oblique
cases to denote cause, time etc.
144.
Some
by
inserting
"Wau before
g.
I^a^l,
vs. 1.
e.
145.
146.
g.
\t^t
vs. 2.
Remember
who"
when followed by
with
the article.
Hebrew
147. Notice
how
Hebrew
g.
the
Hebrew
Let the
Imperfects in vss.
into Perfects.
g. islo^-ol vs. 6,
\-^ vs. 12
etc.
Hebrew
in rootj
i. e.
as to roots.
MANUAL. PART I.
123
consider (1) sometimes the same root has a dififerent meaning in the
two languages, e. g. "K^^i^ ^-^^ r^j w^^^. (2) Sometimes the same idea has a different
make,
to form.
3.
root,
e.
g* to forsake, to
Grammar Lesson.
64.
1.
2. 3.
4.
Bead,
Review
1 24
MANUAL PART IL
PART
Notes.
n.
Jonah
325.
120.
I.
^^1^^
1. (3)
saying.
see
Imperative from^]],
city,
64. 1.
327.
328.
\'LiJ^m^dhito,
18. 2.
suffixes,
329. An\m,
330.
>
64. 8. 64. 3.
fern,
n J\,
from Vl,
54. 3.
VLS
is
the Infin. of
its
noun and
agreement with
333.
in gender,
number and
state,
91.
1.
w^)
each.
(1)
(2) (3)
The Olaph is occult, 19. 1. For the use of w^j] for the indefinite pronoun,
see
107. 2.
121. 2.
See further,
334.
^g'snl
90. 4. Bern. 2.
stem.
is
V
1.
'E'E verb,
54.
an ethical dative,
124.
5,
101. B.
1. (1)
Bern. 3.
^^
oZ
1.
10.
61.2.
a*
is
29. 3.
(1).
337.
11, come.
64. 4.
338. '^^
^l^, 339.
pron.
nedda,
1.
let
58. 2. Bern.
.a-i
1.
suff.
1st plur.,
1.
61. 3.
340.
olL
103.
1. (1),
39. Bern. 4,
23. 4. (1).
MANUAL. PABT n.
341. ]L] tvhat?
39. JRem, 3,
125
is
an inter-
342.
1,
34. 2, 33.
Rebbuy denotes
the collective,
90.
1.
See
also
333 above.
46. 1.
137. 4.
(1).
^ n'snn ^ Imperat.
1,
2nd masc.
51, 36.
32.
1.
1.
347. ^ojiJvf
3.
61.
1. (3).
348.
the
>.iw^.Ji.i>o
1.
4,
on account of me.
suffixes,
fern. plur.
form before
He
having become
Since a vowel
enclitic,
19. 2. (4).
cannot begin a syllable, the last consonant of the preceding word draws
to
it
16. 2.
If the preceding
word end
in a
vowel,
Compare
The
same
is
true of ^ct.
Compare
349.
^QJ^,
1.
37. 2, 102.
6,
90.
1,
1.
350.' Q-yi^l
20. Rem.
64. 3.
351. looi^jf,
352. ^:ca--*Z
''thou shalt not"
jJ,
115.
3.
distinguish between
and
''do not".
353.
suffix to
^a^
|w^?.
^(no^a..^,.
of the pron.
354.
cognate accusative.
See
126. 4.
(1).
Jonah
355.
II.
5.
^J.
?
"
Ill stem,
51.
56. 4.
1. 6,
Rem. 59.
(6).
356. 1. ai:<ui,
123. 2.
357.
^ffiai^,
110,
1. (1).
^g^-X,
87. 19.
126
r
MANUAL. PABT H.
^fiaii.,
360.
Rem.
1.
7.
361. -li^,
362. v^Nf^o.
36.
Some
.onlifca
all
thy waves
of them,
thy waves),
364.
>^.iIX^,
12. 1.
365. L-a^9Z|5.
The
135. 3.
(3).
The stem
is
here reflexive,
41. 4.
58. 3.
its
(n.I-j.aaa
1. (3).
bands on
my
face,
i. e,
on me,
105.
368. aJocf,
369. 370. 371.
V
64. 8.
t ii
hay -yay,
.
my
life.
-^Jis^Zl
For the
an
object, see
126. 2.
(1).
Im^^
?
^f!^:i,uai
99.
1.
Rem.
3.
372.
\i
whoever,
107.
7, 8,
and
108. 2.
373.
>o^
whatsoever,
109.
1. (3).
Jonah
374.
III.
^^T^f ^^9^?,
sayiiiy,
110. A.
120.
1. (1),
B.
375. j:;^Ua^
1. (3).
^
376.
Izi]^. For
71. 1, 75.
377.
^]w9 great
100. 2.
is
(5).
defined as future
by the J^l-L:^,
379. ot^'l,
380.
lit.
111. 3, 116.
her men,
1. (2) b.
n4n\
126. 2.
(1).
Bern.
see
381. ^c3i-iJjC509
The Singular
Rem.
is |-C9,
87. 27.
see
33. 3, 9.
86. 2. (2).
(1).
127
]^^,
>c^
wi.Jj.
90.
anything,
109.
let
1. (1).
386. jfl^jJ
387.
ovioi^S
them
call
God,
123.
2. (7).
Each,
107. 2.
388. |lsa4-,
81. Bern.
is,
389.
390.
w-1?
which
65, 128. 3.
(2).
^oic^Wj,
^,
39.
Bern. 1, 103. 1.
132.
6. (1).
137. 4.
395. Q-oZ?
clause,
This
is
an appositional substantive
135. 5.
Jonah IV.
396. 397.
adverb,
^Joa^
..a.^
h^f^.
It
See
122. 2.
very, is a
89.
Zoofi
A.
P was not?
398.
The answer
132.
2.
''yes" is expected,
is
though P
itself
question
132.
1. sq.
3. (1) a.
With
may be
trans-
402.
.^lik is
127. 1, 116. 1. (3). 403. I^ogi '\^, 404. ^f^zh ]t"*-4^ long is thy spirit, i. e. patient.
405. 406.
]]l^saggiyo*
from saggto',
24.
1,
32. 3.
^,
^i>ai^
1. (1).
407. s-mAs,
408.
130.
120.1. (1),
to live.
128
MANUAL. PAST n.
(1)
(2)
ili>o,
see
64. 6.
construction, see
120.
1. (6),
100.
1.
Bern, 2.
^.
411. 01^.
412.
aJlol^
89. B.
see,
(3).
114. 4.
3. (2),
(2),
137. 4.
Rem., 135.
116.
1,
113.
-^r^
happen,
24.
1. (1),
1. (3) h, 5.
59. 6.
I?;^
l-jLLe
it
105.
1. (3).
420.
to take
away my
soul
from me.
421.
?
V^
li
because that,
6. 5,
137. 5.
(2).
422. i^ooi
127.
1. (2).
423. 424.
lJ|
1,
86. 14.
425. ajf.
426. 31^
Emphatic,
13?
101.
1. (2).
on ivhichnot,
104. 2. Bern,
427.
\2[.
See 425.
J-.LI,
428.
100.
1.
88.
1,
100. A.
1. (4).
430.
^%
85.
Malachi
I.
431.
^qI\vI^
A, B.
132.
432. .oLj]
^i^]
35. 2.
5.
434.
123. 2.
^nnS^"^.
435.
^lo
and
if,
138.
2. (3).
wS^.
honor,
437. ^ilic
is uH)nt to
116. 2.
MANUAL-PART II
438. llf
^f,
'129
138. 4.
(4).
439. ^i-alic?,
V^,
137.
5.
137. 5.
135.
3. (3).
101. 2.
29. 2.
(3).
445.
446. 447.
^n^^,
liai:.?,
132. 4.
that he
>a^^o
may have
mercy,
137. 4.
(1),
1.
104. 7.
Rem.
of no account.
nothing
I ivish
among you.
101. 2.
is
used as a copula,
^Liio?
Rem.
4.
137.
5. (1).
454. 01^
103.
1.
M? r^ w^^
107.
7. (4),
MalacM
455.
^f,
II.
vs. 2.
138. 2.
(2).
456. \i^Lo
457.
is infinitive
from
wqu,
64. 7.
?M^,
I??]
137.
]
5. (2).
458. 459.
460.
461.
123.
read
9?)
will scatter.
(6.)
vs. 5,
^ajf,
123. 2.
,-^V^
]).I.Iifll^
121.
7.
is
often preceded
by Lomadh
1. (3).
462. 463.
r^h^,
?
116.
137.
46.
1,
3. (2) c.
because,
5. (I).
464.
yliiJ?,
136.
offers,
1. (2) 3.
465.
466.
w:=J:Ilo5 he
who
106.
130
MANUAL. PART
.
II
467.
is
an objective clause,
a.
135. 3.
468. J
who
is
judging,
116. 3. (1)
Malachi III.
469.
470.
1
01
|Jl
{r^
|J|,
95.
1,
future.
way
prepare,
104. 2. Rem.
a. 2. (1).
.tn^v,
^^L^l
129. 2.
tcftew,
474.
137.
V^
is
turned
to
me,
103.
(1),
2. (3)
1,
Rtm.
137.
5.
U]
l2]^\4^
vs. 7,
I am,
101. 2.
130.
478. aisZ],
60. 4.
479. ^ojjal,
4S0.
vs. 10,
prove me,
is
61.
plur.
^^
vs.
13,
masc.
the
Wau
23. 1, 43. 5.
{they) tempt
God
and are
482.
delivered.
j-a.^
v*!::^
man
i. e.
483.
mine,
106. Rem. 4.
(1).
484. ocfl,
116. 2.
serve,
104. 2.
(2).
Rem.
Malachi lY.
486.
y-opo
when
to
shall burn,
137.
2. (1).
487.
.>S,\
you,
i.
e.
to the
fearers of
my
name,
94.
1.
^a^
to
you Elias,
124. 3.
13]
Matthew XXVI.
490. 0001 ,-4^1,
491.
492.
116.
its
3.
^^ before
jJbsc?
noun,
99.
1.
Rem.
1,
96. 2.
b.
86. 16.
493.
494.
29.
^]^^^h
^U^
from
to
weary.
see
32, 3,
1. (3).
123.
2. (7).
Rem.
135.
5.
>fJ\
as that which
is
for
my
burial.
her,
96. I. 4.
h.
^^,
129. 2.
(3).
500. 01^,
124.
5.
emphatic,
101.
A.
1. (2).
503.
oX,
Impossible condition,
101.
this is
138. 5.
A.
2. (2).
cJd
my
96.11. Rem.
1.
Rem.
1.
508.
509.
510.
^1
^1,
although,
vs. 35,
137. 6.
,
138. 2.
127. 9.
(2).
|o^,
^
?
^ sleeping,
.
lit.
^'1,
vs. 42,
133.
tvord,
1.
Rem.
r^V^V
o^,
(?L^ the
same
102. 3. (2)
a.
514.
vs. 46,
102.
7.
137. 2.
(2).
516. 517.
jooi
127.
1. (2).
him whom I
is it
same
is he,
him
seize.
on account of
this thas
my
132. 2, 135.
1.
132
MANUAL.-PART II.
cfl,
519.
VS. 50,
93.11.
1. (3).
sitteth,
521.
|L>^
ouo in
the
same hour,
102.
3. (2) a.
Matthew XXVII.
522.
^
^,
t-s,
1^
^what
109.
is that to
us?
103.
1.
Bern.
1.
101.
2. (1).
1. (3).
]t-i-=^?> limits
suffix,
136. 4.
526. 527.
vs. 9, some,
vs. 12,
ivhile they
i.
e.
calumn-
iating him.
528.
j.i,
110.
1. (2).
529. 530.
cyiJ^?,
|3,
106.
let
1.
vs. 19,
and
to that just
man,
i.
e.
do with him.
531.
95. 2. (3).
1.
116.
533.
534.
60. 5.
is collective,
90.
n Vo,
125.
1. (2).
^ Jv,
116.
2. (3).
116.
1. (3) 6.
^'and
him
garments'\
539.
^1
he
made
110.
alive,
64. 6.
540. l2,
1. (1).
Compare
first is
for
\lz,
110.
1. (2).
541.
<^r^^l)
vs. 51.
is
The
For
the
fern.,
see
43. 5.
542.
(n.:>o^9o
and
those
MANUAL. PABTn.
543.
133
woV.
60.
1,
127. 2,
1. (2),
(2).
544. wo'oiiw-K
127.
128. 2. Bern,
96. II.
Rem.
1.
57,
101.
A.
1. (1).
Matthew XXVIII.
547.
]Als fL
the first
day of
the week,
88.
Rem,
5.
548. jo? ^oioi^l, Compare 544. 549. CT^^^?, fear before him.
550. Vs.
5.
Objective genitive,
96. I. 4,
jJLS toomen,
87. 8.
crucified,
136.
1. (2), 2.
552. Vs.
6.
,:^]i,
^V-,
vs. 7.
,^1,
60, 64.
1, 4.
553.
554.
>c,-o, vs. 7, is
Pa' el Perfect.
^lU
^f,
|3?,
.g^p, Imperf.
555.
556. 557. 558.
138.
vs.
1
112.
3. (2) h.
4, those
care,
93. 2.
(2),
iifi
^J,
109. 8.
^cotii^,
108.
1. (4).
WORD
LISTS-SYRIAC.
LIST
I.
in
136
138
WOBD
118.
)^9a.M
LISTS.
P
JK
89
90.
147. 148.
176.
177.
ILun
119. 120.
p
149.
178.
,
92.
121. 122.
V
.
150.
151.
c f
179.
p
93.
94.
180.
123.
152.
P
*.
181.
182.
,
95.
P
124.
XV
153.
p
96.
125. 126.
p
,
154.
O P 7
183.
97.
*
155.
156. 157. 158. 159.
V^^ AA
>Aa.
98.
99.
127.
128.
.01 9
as
100. 101.
102. 103. 104.
,
IM
p
129. 130.
187.
188.
189.
.
0^
k p
131.
132.
160.
p
161. 162.
163.
,
]Zaal4
.
190.
T'
133.
134.
p
191.
105.
106.
p
m:
PO
192. 193.
,p
135.
- "
164.
ill a
p"
107.
108.
136.
]:^
pp
>
165.
.
194.
O
C>
k.
iLL.
p
137. 138.
139.
166.
195. 196.
-
109.
110.
P
^r
167.
P P
S'
wauLs
168.
P
197.
p
&>
X ^
111.
140.1
141.
V^fy>
I
169.
>A
198.
199.
112.
113.
114.
170.
142. 143.
144.
171.
172.
200.
p p
201.
202. 203.
115.
173.
,
116.
p p
145.
]9aui
174. 175.
90^^
117.
146.
Uozj-
204.
WORD
205.
206. 207.
208.
I
LISTS.
,
139
p
\<:
234.
|iJL^
263. 264.
265.
,
292.
]1^
jL^oiiisS
235.|i'|-svnw\^
236.|iQJpifii^^
p
293. 294.
P
jiLzU^
237.
266. 267.
268.
295.
,p p
209.
210. ]1,\
^^
]l^
238.
^^
|?oijo
296.
239.
297. 298.
211.
240.
241. ]:u?n,visv^ 242.
p
269.
,
1
,P
P
*.
212.
270.
299.
POP
213.
214.
t"
271.
*
300.
P
243.
p
272.
a*
301.
215.
216.
]z^<Tia:so
244.
p
273.
302.
245.
274.
275.
303.
pp m
>caio
P
246.
247.
Un^
304.
276. 277.
p p
305.
.
p*
P
248.
p p
v'
306.
307.
,P
,
2.49.
,
278.
P
250. 251.
,
279.
280.
308.
,
309.
7 P
252.
p
281.
V
310.
311. 312.
253.
282.
254.
,
283.
pp
jZnn^nSn
|^^^'^^^
255.
284. 285.
p
313.
314.
^
.pp.
256.
>caa
np
.
lijLJ
257.
,
286.
7
315. 316.
,
p p,
*.
258.
287.
px9aa
259.
288.
289.
,
260.
p
*.
|^,i
"P
261.
p p
290.
p
.
233.
262.
291.
140
WORD
LISTS-ENGLISH.
LIST
I.
New
1.
Testament.
perish
143
69. sing
70.
WORD
108. hide
LISTS.
147.
there
is
not
be a harlot
crucify
109. sound
110. lead 111. to be dry 112. thank 113.
71.
72.
73.
be grieved
sow
love
150. die
74.
know
76.
153. be
154.
come humble
be full
surround
116. learn
155. counsel
156. speak
78. 79.
owe show
strengthen
spare
117. swear
118.
add
157. be able
80.
81. 82.
119. care
158. dare
159. anoint
look
83. see
84.
bind
sin
162. abide
163. shine
164. rest 165. go down 166. guard
167.
kill
85.
126.
abound
127. rebuke
128. correct
129.
be gracious
strangle
prohibit
168. be sober
169. receive
170.
92. 93.
want
tempt
171. ascend
172. fall
hunger
95.
96. 97.
think
be useful
173.
go out
98. be
99.
dark
beat
kiss
suffer
138. offend
177.
100. seal
101. be
139. write
140. continue 141. fight 142. be weary
proud
102. defraud
hope
106. bear
107. obey
accompany
witness
146. curse
WORD
185.
LISTS.
443
263.
put
224.
depart
ride
186. subvert
187. expect
188.
264. cast
265.
266.
meditate
feed
perceive
expound
down
192. hate
193. be poor 194. work
232.
hunt
233. fast
234. revile
235. pray 236. be vile
be tumultuous
274. hurl
275.
237. lacerate
238. receive
276.
277. 278.
send be worthy
pass over
wash
despise
200. aid
201.
remember
279.
280.
compel
241. remain
242. arise
243. kill
244. possess 245. cry
246.
break
247. call
286.
287.
name
hear
minister
288.
295. loose
296. confirm
run
258. be inebriated
297. drink
220.
command
298.
communicate
221. be tolerable
299. be silent
300. arrange
murmur
144
WORD
304.
305.
LISTS.
hang
admire
307. prepare
308. direct
303. hope
306. offend
LIST
11.
father
loss
31. Gentile
32. 33.
60. for
61.
widow
earth
revelation
side
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
hire
62.
63.
64.
hireling
letter
thief
leper
sacrifice
liar
ear
affliction
shame
consolation
65.
^6.
8.
9.
water
38.
39.
bad
evil
way
brother
10.
40.
house
fearful
11. other
12.
hand
day
calumniator
70.
fear
71.
72.
13. tree
demon own
but
14.
15.
44.
behind
73.
74.
75.
judgment
thousand
ship
47.
pure
20. 21.
22.
mother
79.
punty
male
likeness
Amen
when
80.
but
81. blood
82.
23.
24.
man woman
scheme
55.
56.
man
gehenna
midst
circumcision
85. behold
86.
27. also
28. face
57.
governor
58.
87. 88.
member
overthrow
69. robber
146
WORD
244. lord
LISTS.
283. servant
284. service
285. servitude
286. further
287.
208. advent
209. for
nought
quickly
iniquity
wicked
wishes
knowledge
strange
256. fish
295.
custom
218. death
257. fire
258.
219. stroke
220.
vestment
saviour
259. rest
260. guile 261. law
298.
youth
299. ever
humble
304. root
305. sheep 306. naked 307. bed 308. future
309. old
268. witness
269. branch
270.
231.
232.
233.
work
310. rich
311. fruit 312.
274. sword
313.
314.
body work
275. food
276. foolishness
mouth
315.
command
277. blind
278. reclining 279. hair 280. ship 281. scribe
316. redemption
317. phial 318. division
319. saviour
320. face
282. vain
WORD
321.
LISTS.
147
word
322. idol
387. rest
388.
323. table
356. myriad 357. desire 358. wrath 359. desirable 360. foot
390. peace
391.
name
392. heaven
393. sun
394. 395.
year
hour
330.
morning
mercy
beginning
365. head
366.
398. true
399. remainder
400. truth
401. chain
369.
mind
blame
370. thunder
371.
341. stable
342.
374. sabbath
375.
word
tumult
343. voice
smoke
344. little
410. cock
345. self
346. reed
411. throne
412. gate 413.
347.
end
mind
381. rock
382. market-place
hour
secret
417. vessel
418. promise 419. oath
352. elder
353.
TRANSLITERATION OF GENESIS L
Bri-shith \fro' ^aloho' yoth sh^mayo' w^yoth
Wa'r'o'
1. 2.
'ar'o'.
'al
hwoth tuh
w^bhuh
w*heshshukho'
'appay
w^ruheh da'loho' mrahhpho' 'al 'appay mayo' we'mar 'aloho' nehwe' nuhro' wahwo' nuhro'.
t^humo'
3.
Wahzo'
4.
6.
Waph^rash 'aloho' bh^th nuhro' lheslishukho\ Wak^ro' 'aloho' Pnuhro' 'imomo' waPheshshukho'
lelyo' wali\vo' ramsho' vvah^wo' saphro' yaiimo' hadh.
kro'
6.
We'mar' aloho' nehwe' r^ki'o' bh^mets'ath mayo' wnehwe' phoresh b^th mayo' Pmayo'.
7.
Wa'^bhadh
'aloho' 'arki'o'
men
8.
'arki'o'
w^bh^th
hokhanno'.
Wak^ro' 'aloho'
la'rki'o'
wahwo'
We'mar
shmayo'
'aloho'
la^thro'
hokhanno'.
10.
Wak^ro' 'aloho' l^yabbishto' 'aro' waPkhensho' dhmayo' kro' ya{m)me' wah^zo' 'aloho' dhshappir.
11.
thappek 'ar'o' thadho" 'esbo' dh^mezdW Pghenseh wi'ylono' dhphi're' dh^'obhedh pi're' Pghensoh dnesbtheh beh 'al 'ar'o' wah^wo' hokhanno'.
We'mar
'aloho'
zar'o'
12.
Wapp^kath
'ar'o'
thadho"
'esbo'
dh*mezdra'
zar'o'
dhnesbtheh
beh
Pghenseh Pghenseh
dhath^lotho'.
GENESIS
I.
149
14.
"We'mar
'aloho'
nehwun
imomo'
nahhire'
Plelyo'
ba'rki'o'
dhash^mayo'
lo'th^wotlio'
Pmephrash
15.
beth
wnehwun
'al
16.
Pshultono' dh^lelyo'
17.
W^yahbh 'ennun
'al 'ar'o'.
'aloho' bha'rki'o'
dbasb^mayo' Pmanhoru
b^th
18.
19.
20.
We'mar
'aloho'
wphorahtho'
dhash^mayo'.
21.
^appay
'arki'o'
Wabh^ro'
'aloho'
raur^bhe'
w^khul
naphsho'
wkhul
wahzo'
'aloho' dh^shappir.
W^bharrekh 'ennun 'aloho' we'mar Phun, prau wasghau wam^lau mayo' dhabhya(m)me'. w^phorah^tho' thesge'
bha'r'o'.
23. 24.
Wahwo'
We'mar
b'iro'
thappeky
'ar"o'
w^rahsho'
whaywtho'.
hokhanno'.
25.
Wa'^bhadh 'aloho' haywHho' dha'r'o' Pghensoh wabh'iro' Pghensoh wkhulleh rahsho' dha'ro' Pghensauhy wah^zo'
'aloho' dh^shappir.
26.
We'mar 'aloho' ne'bedh 'nosho' bh^salman 'aykh d^muthan wneshPtun bnunay yammo' wabhphorahtho' dhash^mayo'
wbhabh'iro' wabh^khulloh hayw^tho' dha'r
rahsho' dh^rohesh
'al 'a/o'.
o'
wabh'khulloh
27.
Wabh^ro' 'aloho' lo'dhom b^salmeh baflem 'aloho' b^royhy d^khar w^nekbo' bhro' 'ennun.
150
GENESIS
I.
28.
W^bharrekh 'ennun 'aloho' we'mar lhun 'aloho' ph^rau was^ghau wam^lau Wo' w^khubhsliuh wash^latw bnunay
yammo\
29.
w^bhabh^'iro'
We'mar 'aloho' ho' yebbeth l^khun kulleh 'esbo' dhzar o' dhmezdra' 'al 'appay kulloh 'ar'o' w^khul 'ilon di'yth beh
pi'ray 'iloneh dzar'eh
mezdra'
Pkliuii nehwe'
me'khulto'
'al
31.
Wah^zo' 'aloho' khul da *badh who' tobh shappir wah*wo' ramsho' wah^wo' saphro' yaumo' dheshto'.
GENESIS
I.-IV.
A LITERAL TRANSLATION.*
CHAPTER
1.
I.
earth.
2.
And
the earth was tuh and buh and the darkness (was) upon the faces of the abyss, and the spirit of him who (is) the God (was) brooding upon the faces of the waters, and said
the
God + the
light that
(it
was) good.
separated the
called the
God between
it
God
day and to the darkness was the evening and it was the
And
said
the
God
it
let be the expanse in the midst of the be separating between the waters to the
And made the God the expanse and separated between the waters which to under from the expanse and between the
waters which to above from the expanse, and
it
was
so.
8.
And
called the
God
it
to the expanse the heavens, and it was was the morning the day which (is) two.
let
And
to
said the
God
under from the heavens to the place one and the dry land, and it was so.
10.
And
that
called the God to the dry land the earth and to the gathering of the waters called he the seas, and saw the God
(it
was) good.
denotes some particle in Syriac which cannot be translated in parenthesis occur in English but not in Syriac.
151
* The
t^ign
into English.
Words
153
GENESIS
I.
11.
And
said the
God
is
Let cause
to
seeding for itself the seed (according) to the kind his and the tree that of the fruits which (is) making
the fruits (according) to kind his which sprout his him upon the earth, and it w^as so.
12.
(is)
in
And
tree
seeding for
caused to go out the earth the grass, the herb which (is) itself the seed (according) to kind his and the
(is)
it
which (is) making the fruits which sprout his him (according) to kind his, and saw the God that
good.
in
was
13.
And And
it
it
which
14.
(is) three.
said the God let be the light in the expanse that of the heavens to separate between the day to the night, and let them be for the signs and for the times and for the days and
And let them he giving light in the expanse that of the heavens to give light upon the earth, and it was so.
the God two the lights the great, the light the for the ruling that of the day and the light the less for great the ruling that of the night, and the stars,
16.
And made
17.
And
And
to give light
18.
gave them the God in the expanse that of the heavens upon the earth.
to rule in the
to the darkness,
day and in the night and to separate and saw the God that (it
was the morning the day
And
it
it
which
30.
(is)
And
said the
God
soul the living and the bird let her fly upon the earth (the) faces of the expanse that of the heavens.
21.
upon
And
God the sea-monsters the great and every soul the the living that of the swarm which swarmed (one) the waters (according) to kind their and every one the bird the living (according) to kind her and saw the God that (it
created the
was) good.
GENESIS
I.
158
22.
And blessed them the God and said to them Be fruitful and multiply and fill the waters which are in the seas and
:
it
And
it
which
24.
(is) five.
:
And said the God Let cause to go out the earth the soul the living (according) to kind her, the cattle and swarm and the animal that of the earth (according) to kind her and all of him the swarm that of the earth according to kind her,
and
it
was
so.
25.
And made
him
the
the
God
to kind her
and the
the animal that of the earth (according) cattle according to kind her and all of
swarm
was)*good.
And
said the
God
man
in
image our
according to likeness our and let them rule over the fish of the sea and over the bird that of the heavens and over the
cattle
and over
all of
over
all of
them
the
swarm which
is
earth.
27.
And
the
created the God + man in image his in (the) image of God created he him, male and female created he them.
:
28.
And blessed them the God and said to them Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth and subdue her, and rule over the fish of the sea and over the bird that of the heavens and over the cattle and over all of the animal which is
swarming upon the
earth.
:
29.
And
said the
God
Behold
I
is
all of
him
and every
tree
him
(the) fruits of tree his which seed his (is) seeding for himself. To you shall it be the food and to all of her the
field.
And to all of her the bird that of the heavens and to all which swarmeth upon the earth which exists in it the soul the living and all of him the green that of the herb (shall be) for the food, and it was so.
154
GENESIS
II.
31.
saw the God all which he had made and behold (it was) very good and it was the evening and it was the morning the day which is six.
And
CHAPTER
1.
II.
2.
were finished the heavens and the earth and all [of him] their host. And finished the God in the day the sixth works his which he had made and he rested himself in the day the seventh from all of them, works his, which he made.
And
3.
And
blessed the
4.
rested himself from all of which created the God by making. These (are) the generations those of the heavens and those of the earth when they were created in the day (in) which made the Lord the God the heavens and the earth.
him because
that in
his,
them, works
5.
And
all of them, the trees those of the field, as yet not had been in the earth and all of him the herb that of the field as yet not had gone out, because that not had caused to
come down the Lord the God the rain upon (the) faces the earth and Adam existed not to till (in) the earth.
6.
of
7.
the mist going up had been from the earth and waterhad been + all (the) faces of the earth. ing And formed the Lord the God + Adam (of) the dust from the ground and breathed into nostrils his the breath that of the lives and was Adam to (a) soul (a) living.
And
8.
9.
planted the Lord the God the Paradise in Eden from and put there + Adam whom he had formed. And caused to go out the Lord the God from the earth every tree which (is) pleasant to see and good to eat and the tree of the lives in the midst of him that is the park and the tree that of the knowledge that of the good and that of the evil.
east
And
10.
11.
And the river going was from Eden to water him + the park and from there (it was) separating and becoming four heads. The name of him that (is) one (is) Pishun he (is) that surrounding + all of her the land that of H^wilo which there
;
(is)
gold.
GENESIS
II.
155
12.
And
the gold of her that (is) the land, that (is) good (are) bdellium and the stones which (are) the beryl.
there
13.
And
the
name
of
him that
(is)
(is)
And
the
name
(is)
is
of
him
three
(is)
that which
(is)
four he
left him in the him and keep him. And commanded the Lord the God + Adam and said to him From all of them the trees those which (are) in the park
:
And
thou
17.
may est
eat.
And from the tree that of the knowledge that of the good and that of the evil not shalt thou eat from him, because that in the day (in) which thou shalt eat from him the death thou shalt die.
18.
And said the Lord the God Not (is it) good that should be Adam in solitariness his [i.e., alone]. I will make for him
:
And formed
God from
all
the earth
all
of her the
and
heavens and brought them unto what (he was) calling + them, and
Adam
all
Adam
20.
And
called
Adam
the names to
all
and
to
all of
her the
animal that of the earth ; and for him the helper like him.
21.
Adam
And cast the Lord the God the rest upon Adam and he slept and he took one from ribs his and closed the flesh instead
of her.
22.
And
taken from
Adam
:
into the
Adam.
23.
And said Adam The this the time the bone (is) from bones of me and the flesh from flesh of me, the this shall be called the woman because that from the man (is she) taken.
156
24.
GENESIS
III.
man + (the)
father of
25.
him and + (the) mother of him and shall cleaye to (the) of him and shall be the two of them one flesh. And they were (the) two of them naked, Adam and woman of him and not (were they) ashamed.
wife
the
CHAPTER
1.
III.
And
(i. e.,
which had made the Lord God and said the serpent to the woman Truly hath said Grod that not should ye eat from all the trees of the park ?
animal of the
2.
And said the woman to the serpent (It is true) that from the fruits of the trees which (are) in the park, all of them,
:
we may
3.
eat.
And from the fruits of the tree which (is) in the midst of him that (is) the park hath said God [that] ye shall not eat from him and ye shall not draw nigh to him lest {i. e., that
not) ye die.
4.
5.
And
woman
Ye
Because that knows God that in the day that eating (are) ye from him, (shall be) opened your eyes and ye (shall be) existing like God {i. e., as) knowers of the good and the evil.
6.
And saw the woman that good (was) the tree for eating and the pleasure he (was) to the eyes and (that) pleasant (was) the tree to look at, and she took from the fruits of him and ate and gave also to her husband with her and
he
ate.
7.
knew
8.
were opened the eyes those of both of them and they that naked (were) they and they sewed the leaves those of the fig-trees and made for them the aprons.
they heard the voice of him who (is) the Lord God (as he was) walking in the park at the turning of him that (is) the day, and they concealed themselves Adam and his wife from before the Lord God in the midst of the trees which
(were) in the park.
And
And
9.
And
(art)
called the
Lord God to
?
Adam
and said
to
him
Where
thou
Adam
GENESIS
III
157
10.
And
he said
Thy
and
saw
And
said to
Who
commanded
eaten.
:
And
with
13.
Adam The woman whom thou gavest (to be) she has given to me from the tree and I have eaten. said the Lord Grod to the woman.
said
me
is
this that
And
:
said the
woman
Because thou hast said the Lord God to the serpent done this, cursed (be) thou above all cattle and above every animal of the field, and upon thy belly shalt thou go and the dust shalt thou eat all of the days of thy lives.
15.
And
the enmity shall I put between thee to the woman and between thy seed to her seed ; he shall trample thy head and
And
17.
And
Because thou hast hearkened to {lit,, to Adam he said heard in) the voice of her who is thy wife and hast eaten
:
18.
which I commanded thee and thou shouldest not eat from him, cursed (be) thy land because of thee in the pains shalt thou eat (of) her all of the days of thy lives. Thorns and thistles shall she bring out for thee and thou shalt eat the herb that of the field.
from the
tree (concerning)
19.
And
in the sweat that of thy nostrils {or faces) shalfc thou eat the bread until that thou shalt return to the earth which
from her thou hast been taken ; because that the dust thou (art) and to the dust thou shalt return.
20.
And
called
Adam
the
name
of her
who
which
(is) living.
And made
the Lord
God
for
Adam and
158
GENESIS
IV.
22.
And
said the
Lord God
Behold
Adam
of us (as) to the knowing of the good and the evil. lest he stretch out his hand and take also from the tree that of the lives
23.
Now
and
eat
and
And
till
sent
him
the Lord
God from
Eden
to
24.
caused him to go out the Lord God and he caused to around from the east to the park that of Eden the cherub go and the flame of the sword which (was) turning itself to keep
the way that of the tree that of the
lives.
And
CHAPTER
1.
IV.
his wife
+ Cain,
2.
and she
said
man
And
feeding the flock and Cain was laboring in (tilling) the earth.
3.
And
it came to pass after some days that (lit., and) Cain brought from the fruits those of his earth (or ground) the
Abel brought, also he, from the firstlings, those of his flock, and from their fatlings ; and took pleasure the Lord in Abel and in his offering.
in Cain and in his offering he did not take pleasure and displeased Cain [N"ote the idiom] exceedingly and was sad his face {lit., were darkened his nostrils or faces).
it
And
5.
And
6.
And
why
said the
Lord
to Cain
Why
?
art
7.
Behold if thou doest well, I have accepted ; and if not thou doest well, at the door the sin (is) laid, thou wnlt turn thyself unto him and he shall have dominion over thee.
8.
And And
Cain
said
it
Let us go to the plain. to pass that when they (were) in the field arose against Abel his brother and killed him.
:
came
9.
And And
said the
:
Lord
I
to
Cain
not.
Where
my
he said brother ?
know
GENESIS
IV.
159
10.
And
he said
the blood of
The
(is)
voice that of
crying unto
me
Therefore cursed (be) thou from the earth which has opened her mouth and has received the blood of him who (is) thy brother from thy hands.
12.
When
thou shalt labor in the earth she shall not add that
she should give to thee her strength, fleeing and wandering shalt thou be in the earth.
13.
And
(is)
said
Great
is
my sin from
that which
to remit.
14.
Behold thou hast caused me to go out to-day from the faces and from before thee I shall be hidden and I shall be fleeing and wandering in the earth and anyone who shall find me will slay me.
of the earth
15.
And
Not so, whosoever (is) the killer he be avenged. And put the Lord the sign on Caiil that should not kill him every (one) whosoever (should be) finding -f him.
said to
16.
And went
the
Land
Nod from
city
east of her
which
(is)
Eden.
17.
And knew
name
(is)
And was
born to Enoch Irad, and Trad begat + Mehuel, and Mehuel begat + Methushel and Methushel begat + Lamech.
19.
to
the
of her that
the second
20.
And
21.
he was the father to the inhabiters and the possessors of the possession. And the name that of his brother (was) Jubal he was the father to every (one) who (is) laying hold of the cithara and
bare
Adah + Jobal
of the tents
the kinura.
22.
And
of
work that
him who
an artificer in every and that of the iron and the sister Tubal-Cain (was) Naamah.
;
160
GENESIS
IV.
23.
And
the
voice, wives of
Lamech to his wives Adah and Zillah hear ye my Lamech hearken to my saying because that man have I killed by my wounds and the youth by my
said
: ;
blow.
24.
Because that one in seven {i. e., seven-fold) shall be avenged Cain and Lamech to seventy and seven.
25.
And knew Adam again + Eve his wife and she conceiyed and bare the son and she called his name Seth, because that has
given to
me God
because) slew
26.
him
And
to Seth also to him (there) was born to him the son and he called his name Enosh. Then began (people) to call on the name of him who (is) the Lord.
^Y,
This book
due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall.
is
f^f\n^-^^^
RF
MAY 21
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20 1934^^
314250