Measuring ATTITUDES& VALUES

Janice Cabatic Loreto Morales Mechille Lacuesta Jhonalyn Peralta

09/01/2011

BEEd IV-A General Measuring Attitudes and Values

Submitted to:

Mr. Noel J. Petero

Instructor

Measuring Attitudes and Values Attitudes

Attitude as a state of mind or feeling with regard to some matter, a disposition. evaluation of like or dislike of positiveness or negativeness toward Attitudes have three evaluative components: o Cognitive component of an attitude is the opinion or belief segment of an attitude. o Affective component is the emotion or feeling segment of an attitude. o Behavioral component is the intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something. Sources of Attitudes: o Acquired from parents, teachers, and peer group members. o There are genetic predispositions. o Observations, attitudes that we imitate.

Values
Etymologically, value was derived from the Latin term valere which means to measure the worth of something. influence your behavior and priorities. Strong values are what you put first,defend most. These are abstract concepts of what is important and worthwhile.

Importance of values Values generally influence attitudes and behavior. Value system is a hierarchy based on a ranking of an individuals values in terms of ones intensity. Source of our Value Systems o A significant portion is genetically determined.

o Other factors include national culture, parents, teachers, friends, and similar environmental influences. o Values are relatively stable and enduring. o If we know an individuals values, we are better able to predict a behavior in a particular situation.

Terminal values are the end-state we hope to achieve in life. Instrumental values are means of achieving these terminal values

TERMINAL VALUES A comfortable life An exciting life A sense of accomplishment A world at peace Equality Family security Freedom Happiness Inner harmony Mature love National security Pleasure Salvation Self-respect

INSTRUMENTAL VALUES Ambitious Broad-minded Capable Cheerful Clean Courageous Forgiving Helpful Honest Imaginative Independent Intellectual Logical Loving

 Social recognition True friendship Wisdom

Obedient Polite Responsible Self-controlled Vandeveer, Menefee, Sinclair :2006

Cognitive dissonance is a conflict between two values or between values and behavior.

VALUE CLUSTERS
Cluster I: Social Responsibility Fairness Honesty Tolerance Courageous Integrity
Forgiveness

Cluster II: Mastery Competence

Achievement Advancement

Cluster III: Self Development Challenge

Self acceptance Knowledge

Cluster IV: Relationship Belonging Diplomacy Team work Helping Communication Friendship Consensus Respectful

Cluster V: Continuity Tradition Security Stability Neatness Self-control

Perseverance

Cluster VI: Lifestyle Health Pleasure Play Prosperity Family Appearance Intimacy Aesthetic community

Intellectual status Recognition Authority Power Competition

Adventure Creativity Personal growth Inner harmony

Peace
Environment

rationality

 Spiritual growth

General Criteria/Guidelines in Writing Attitudinal Items

Be relevant. Be specific. Avoid statements that refer to the past Avoid statements that are factual Use simple language Make the statements short. Statements containing universals such as all, always, none, and never often introduce ambiguity and should be avoided. Words such as only, just, merely, and others of similar nature should be used with care and moderation Use appropriate scales. Avoid bias. Avoid the use of double negatives. Avoid double-barreled questions

Steps in Developing an Attitude Test

Step 1: Define the Construct Define the attitude (or construct) that you wish to measure. Examples of attitudes are; attitudes toward racial integration, attitudes toward women bosses, attitudes toward smoking, attitudes toward water conservation and so forth. Step 2: Breakdown the Construct Usually an attitude (or construct) needs to broken down into a number of categories. For example, racial attitudes can be broken down into: marriage, social interaction, cultural heritage, workplace and so forth. Step 3: Brainstorm

Discuss and come up with a list of about 8-10 statements for each category of the attitude. Develop an equal number of positive and negative statements about each category of the attitude object. Step 4: Rating the Items Next is to have a group of judges or panel of experts, rate each statement on a 5 point rating scale to ensure content validity (or face validity). For example, is the statement: I would be or have been in a romantic relationship with a person of another race; describing a racial attitude. 1 = strongly does not describe the attitude 2 = somewhat describes the attitude 3 = undecided 4 = somewhat describes the attitude 5 = strongly describes the attitude Step 5: Scale Decide on an appropriate scale such as the following which has five possible responses: 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = somewhat agree, 3 = undecided, 4 = somewhat agree, and 5 = strongly agree. If you want to avoid an undecided category, you can choose to use an even number of choices, i.e. 4 point Likert scale or a 6 point Likert scale. Step 6: Pilot-Testing Administer the attitude scale to a group of subjects and score the instrument.