APLICAES DE RF PARA SISTEMAS EMBARCADOS

APLICAES DE RF PARA SISTEMAS EMBARCADOS

AGENDA
Porque sistemas sem fio? Espectros de frequncia no Brasil Definies e classificaes Redes celulares Bluetooth WiFi WiMAX ZigBee Qual a melhor opo? Kits e mdulos de diversos fabricantes Demonstrao prtica de alguns kits

Espectro de RF no Brasil
Uso licenciado
Lei Geral de Telecomunicaes Art. 163. O uso de radiofreqncia, tendo ou no carter de exclusividade, depender de prvia outorga da Agncia, mediante autorizao, nos termos da regulamentao. 1 Autorizao de uso de radiofreqncia o ato administrativo vinculado, associado concesso, permisso ou autorizao para prestao de servio de telecomunicaes, que atribui a interessado, por prazo determinado, o direito de uso de radiofreqncia, nas condies legais e regulamentares. 2 Independero de outorga: I - o uso de radiofreqncia por meio de equipamentos de radiao restrita definidos pela Agncia;

Uso no licenciado

Connecting Everything Wirelessly

Electronic Shelf Metering / smart grid Lighting Home automation Alarm & Security Remote control toys

Automotive

Industrial

Telehealth

Wearables & equipment

Appliances

24 billion connected devices anticipated by 2020

Definio e classificao

Rede sem fios (tambm chamada rede wireless) refere-se a um agrupamento de computadores (e outros dispositivos) em rede, interligados sem o uso de cabos mas sim atravs de ondas de rdio ou outras formas de ondas eletromagnticas.

1.

WPAN - Wireless Personal Area Network

2. WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network 3. WMAN - Wireless Metropolitan Area Network 4. WWAN - Wireless Wide Area Network.

Classificao e alcance

Choosing the Right Technology

Range
Zigbee

Throughput
20 Mbps Sub-1GHz

Technology

RF4CE BLE WiFi <2 Mbps <250 kbps 2.4GHz Proprietary 100 10,000+ BLE Zigbee RF4CE Sub-1GHz Bluetooth 2.4GHz prop WiFi

Bluetooth

10 Range (m)

Technology

Typical power source

Li-Ion

Typical Topology

AAA

Mesh

Star

P2P

Coin Cell

WiFi Bluetooth BLE Sub-1GHz RFID2.4GHz Proprietary Zigbee RF4CE

Zigbee

Prop Sub 1Ghz, Prop 2.4Ghz WiFi, Bluetooth

RF4CE

Proprietary vs. Industry Standard

Advantages
Tailored to the application Specialized functions Sub 1GHz 2.4GHz PurePath

Disadvantages

Examples

Proprietary

Potentially smaller software stack Simpler deployment Choice of frequency bands

Each OEMs topology can be different Less options among suppliers

Inter-Operability among different suppliers

Industry Standard

Larger software stack in most cases

Potentially higher current consumption

Standardization: customer choice of suppliers Ease of network expansion

ZigBee Bluetooth BLE ANT 6LoWPAN Wi-Fi RF4CE

Signal Strength
The strength of a signal and resulting range is an outcome of transmit (output) power and receiver sensitivity
Transmitter Power How loud can you yell? Higher is better Measured in dBm (for example +10dBm)

Receiver Sensitivity How well can you hear? Lower is better Measured in dBm (for example -93dBm)

Why is RF Selectivity Important ?

Poor selectivity require interfering RF systems to be physically moved away TI Wireless Typical competitor

Interferer Coordinator Coordinator

Interferer

End Device

End Device

Grey = Coordinator Coverage Area

Less Coordinators needed Longer links possible Fewer re-transmissions

More Coordinators needed Temporary interference will result in higher packet loss, more re-transmissions needed

Global Frequencies; license free (315 MHz - 2.4 GHz)

315/915 MHz
USA
Europe

433/868 MHz

470 China 433 Asia 779 MHz 415/433 MHz

Local ISM bands

426 920 MHZ

Japan

433 MHz
Africa Australia

GLOBAL
2.4 GHz

433 MHz

433/915 MHz

Convivncia mltipla
Global Satellite Suburban Urban In-Building

Macrocell

Microcell

Picocell

Basic Terminal PDA Terminal Audio/Visual Terminal

Redes celulares

Redes celulares
Frequncias em 800 MHz e 900 MHz

Redes celulares

Frequncias em 1700 MHz e 1800 MHz

Redes celulares
Frequncias em 1900 MHz e 2100 MHz

Redes celulares

Redes celulares

Tecnologia destinada a eliminao de cabos

Criado em 94 pela Ericsson Harold Bluetooth (Dinamarca e Noruega) Curto alcance {1m (0,1mW Classe 3), 10m (1mW Classe 2), 100m (100 mW Classe 1)} Lower power exatamente como o WiFi Banda de 2.4 GHz (extremamente poluda) 1 canal de dados (723.2 Kbps, canal reverso 57.6kbps: ACL) Ou 3 canais scronos de voz (64kbps, SCO) Frequency-hopping para mltiplo acesso com um espaamento de frequncia de 1 MHz para at 8 dispositivos por pico-net. 80 portadoras 80MHz. Existem colises quando mltiplas piconets esto prximas. suportado simultaneamente por telecomunicaes, PC, eletroeletrnicos, etc. Hands free phone (ear set) para carro, internet chat/VoIP

Wireless Fidelity (Wireless Ethernet Compatibity Alliance) - 1997 Curtas e Longas Distncias ( Com Repetidor / Amplificador ) Ondas de Rdio Taxa de Transferncia entre 11 e 108(a+g) Mbps Alcance de 100 mts (indoor) 300 mts (outdoor) (Sem Repetidor / Amplicador ) Baixo Custo PDAs, Celulares, Notebooks, etc No necessita de Licena ( Uso domstico ) 802.11a 5Ghz, 54Mbps 802.11b 2.4Ghz, 11Mbps 802.11g 2.4Ghz, 54Mbps

802.11 - comparativo

Transmisso de vdeo Full-HD (30 min)

Canais versus frequncias

83.5 MHz

100 MHz 100 MHz

100 MHz

902 EIRP power Regio Padro

928

2400 100 mW Global

2484

5150

5250

5350

5725

5825 f/

50 mW 250 mW

1000 mW

North America (Europe/Japan so diferentes)

802.11a

802.11 & 802.11b/g

Canais versus frequncias

Convivncia com o Bluetooth

Novo padro(802.16) similar ao 802.11 Outubro de 2001 802.16d Fixo, 802.16e em movimento Longas Distncias Ondas de Rdio Taxa de Transferncia 70Mb Alcance de at 50 Km Melhor Performance PDAs, Celulares, Notebooks, etc 3.5Ghz a 10.5 Ghz

Global operation in the 2.4GHz frequency band according to IEEE 802.15.4 Regional operation in the 915Mhz (Americas) and 868Mhz (Europe). Frequency agile solution operating over 16 channels in the 2.4GHz frequency Incorporates power saving mechanisms for all device classes Discovery mechanism with full application confirmation Pairing mechanism with full application confirmation Multiple star topology and inter-personal area network (PAN) communication Various transmission options including broadcast Security key generation mechanism Utilizes the industry standard AES-128 security scheme Supports Alliance standards (public application profiles) or manufacturer specific profiles