3.1 1.

A metal block of density 2700 kg m-3 and dimensions 20cm 50cm 4cm is placed on a table as shown in Figure 1.1

50cm

20cm 4cm Figure 1 Calculate the (i) weight, = mg

=108 N

= g = 2700 20 50 4 10 10

(ii)

minimum pressure =
108 20 50 10 4 =1080 Nm 2 =

mg Amax

(iii)

maximum pressure of the metal block = A

108 = 20 4 10 4 =13500 Nm 2

mg
min

3.3 2 The diagram shows a manometer which is connected to a gas supply. The atmospheric pressure is 76 cm Hg

Figure 2 (a) What is the pressure at the point A? 76 cm Hg (b) Find the pressure of the gas supply, Pressure of gas supply = (76+30) cm Hg = 106 cm Hg (c) The tap is opened and the mercury is allowed to flow out until the level B falls to the division 60 cm of the ruler. State the new position of level A. At division 30 cm

3.3 3. Figure 2.1 shows the arrangement of the apparatus in an experiment to study the pressure of moving air

Figure 3 (a) Situation I : No air enters the glass tube. i) How are the levels of mercury in both parts of the U-tube? Same ii) Explain your answer The pressure in both columns is the same

(b) Situation II: When air flows into the glass tube, the difference in the levels of mercury at P and Q is shown in Figure 2.1. Calculate the air pressure at P.[Atmospheric pressure = 76 cm Hg] Pressure at P = 76-5 cm Hg = 71 cm Hg (c) Figure 2.2 shows a soft toy hanging from a sucker which is fixed to a glass wall. How is the sucker fixed to the glass wall? The air in the rubber sucker is a partial vacuum, therefore the atmospheric pressure is higher than the pressure in the sucker

3.3

Figure 4 4. Figure 4 shows an apparatus used in the laboratory to measure atmospheric pressure. The length of the glass tube is 100 cm. The height of the vacuum column is 8 cm and the height of the mercury column is 76 cm. (a) Name the apparatus as shown in the figure Simple mercury barometer (b) (i) What is the value of the atmospheric pressure in cm Hg? 76 cm Hg (ii) What is the pressure at point X in cm Hg? 76 cm Hg + 16 cm Hg = 92 cm Hg. (iii) If the density of the mercury is 1.36 104 kg m-3 and the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 ms-2.Calculate the atmospheric pressure in pascal. Atmospheric pressure = gh
=(1.36 10 4 )(9.8)(0.76) =1.01 105 Pa

(c) What will happen to the height of mercury column from the surface of the mercury in the container if (i) the tube is raised through a height of 12 cm? Fixed at 76 cm Hg (ii) the tube is lowered through a depth of 6 cm? Fixed at 76 cm Hg (iii) the glass tube is inclined about 2o from the vertical line? Fixed at 76 cm Hg (iv) Give reason for you answer in (c) (iii)

Upper region of the tube is still vacuum, the height of the mercury column or the atmospheric pressure still does not change (d) The apparatus above can be used to measure altitude (i) Explain why this can be done At higher altitude, the atmospheric pressure decrease and this causes the height of the mercury column to decrease (ii) Explain why the apparatus above is not suitable to measure altitude This instrument is too long and is difficult to carry from one place to another place. 3.2 5. (a) Figure 3.1 shows a mercury manometer connected to a gas X and figure 3.2 is mercury manometer connected to a gas Y.

(i) (ii)

Define pressure. Pressure is the force per unit area. Calculate the pressure of gas X in Nm-2 ? Pressure of gas X = 76 + 14 = 90 cm Hg PX = h g = 0.90 x 1.36 x 104 x 10 = 1.22 x 105 Nm-2

Calculate the pressure of gas Y in Nm-2 Pressure of gas Y = 76 - 8 = 68 cm Hg PY = h g = 0.68 x 1.36 x 104 x 10 = 9.24 x 105 Nm-2 (b) Figure 3.3 shows an U-tube contains water and a liquid Q which are separated by mercury. The mercury surfaces on the two arms are at the same level. (iii)

(i) Why the surface of the mercury in the two arms are at the same level. ? Because the two surfaces are at the same pressure. (ii) Calculate the pressure at X due to the water column. Pressure due to water at X = h g = 0.38 x 1000 x 10 = 3.8 x 103 Nm-2 (iii) What is the pressure at Y due to the liquid Q ? Pressure due to water at Y = Pressure due to water at X = 3.8 x 103 Nm-2 (iv) Calculate the density of the liquid Q ? Using h 11 = h2 2 38 x 1000 = 43 x 2 2 = 884 kg m-3

(d) Figure 3.4 shows the mercury tank of a mercury barometer being placed in a bigger water tank. The water surface is 40 cm above the mercury surface in the mercury tank. ( Atmospheric pressure = 76 cm Hg ).

(i) (ii)

What is the pressure at X in cm Hg ? 76 cm Hg. What is the pressure at Y due to water in cm Hg ? h 11 = h2 2 h 1 x 13.6 = 40 x 1 h1 = 2.9 cm What is the total pressure at Y in cm Hg ? P = 76 + 2.9 = 78.9 cm Hg. What is the value of h ? h + 40 = 78.9 h = 38.9 cm

(iii)

(iv)

3.1 1. A metal block of density 2700 kg m-3 and dimensions 20cm 50cm 4cm is placed on a table as shown in Figure 1.1

50cm

20cm 4cm Figure 1 Calculate the (i) weight, = mg

(ii)

minimum pressure

(iii)

maximum pressure of the metal block

Name : PHYSICS FORM FOUR FORMATIVE QUIZ 3.1 : PRESSURE 1. Pressure is defined as A. force per unit area B. mass per un it area

Class : 4

C. Force per unit length D. mass per unit volume.

2. The diagram shows an elephant weighing 42 000 N stands on one foot of area 1000 cm -2 . What pressure exerted on the ground by the elephant ?

A. B

42 Pa 420 pa

C. D.

42 kPa 420 kPa

3. A block resting on a floor has a contact area of 400 cm -2 . If The pressure exerted by a block on the floor is 5 kPa, what is the mass of the block ? [ g = 10 m s-2 ] A. B. 10 kg 20 kg C. D. 30 kg 40 kg

4. Which of the following is not an application of high pressure ? A. Studs on the soles of a pair of boots B. The sharp edge of a knife use for cutting purposes C. Hammering a nail with a sharp end into a wall D. Military tanks having special wheel called caterpillar track. 5. Which shoe would exert the greatest pressure on the ground when worn by the same lady ?

Name : PHYSICS FORM FOUR FORMATIVE QUIZ 3.2: PRESSURE IN LIQUID

Class : 4

1. Which of the following factors does not influence the pressure of a liquid ? A. Depth C. Volume B. Density D. Acceleration due to gravity 2. Liquids P and Q are stored in large open tanks. Liquid P and Q have densities 800 kg m -3 . and 1000 kg m -3 .respectively. At what depths are the pressures equal ? A B C D Depth in liquid P 4m 5m 3m 2m Depth in liquid Q 5m 4m 3m 2m

3. The diagram shows a tall cylinder containing oil.

Density of the oil is 850 kg m -3 .The pressure exerted by the oil at X is A. 0.51 x 104 Pa C. 1.53 x 104 Pa 4 B. 1.02 x 10 Pa D. 1.00 x 104 Pa 4. The diagram shows a U-tube containing water and a liquid X. [ Density of water = 1000 kg m -3 ]

The density of a liquid X is A. 1148 kg m -3 B. 1428 kg m -3

C. 2642 kg m -3 D. 2851 kg m -3

5. For the same depth, which of the following liquid has the highest pressure at its base ? A. water C. Mercury B. Alcohol D. Oil

Name : PHYSICS FORM FOUR FORMATIVE QUIZ 3.3: GAS PRESSURE AND ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE 1. Which of the following is not a measurement of atmospheric pressure ? A. 76 cm Hg C. 1.02 x 105 N B. 10 m water D. 1 bar

Class : 4

2. Gas trapped in a closed container. There exists gas pressure inside the the container because gas molecules A. move randomly C. collide with one another C. move with equal speed D. collide constantly with the walls of container 3. The diagrams shows a gas being trapped by a mercury column in a tube immersed in a a container containing mercury. [ Atmospheric pressure = 76 cm Hg]

The pressure of the gas is A. 14 cm Hg B. 62 cm Hg

C. 76 cm Hg D. 138 cm Hg.

4. Figure below shows a U-tube filled with mercury.

One end of the U-tube is connected to a gas supply of pressure p whereas another end is he a exposed to air. Given that the atmospheric pressure is 76 cm Hg. Which of the following statements is not true ? A. Pressure p is 72 cm Hg C. Pressure p is 80 cm Hg. B. Pressure at point C is 76 cm Hg. D. Pressure at point A equals to pressure at point B 5. Which of the following instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure ? A. Aneroid barometer C. Manometer B. Bourdon Gauge