PUSAT A T 1 H A L ~ TEKNOLOGI TINGGI (ADTEC)

, SHAHALAM
Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS)
OVerview
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UPS (Uninterrupted. Power Supply) is used to maintain the power supply to the essential load e.g ..
-senrer, pc and etc in case of power failure: Normally the UPS can provide power supply back up time
from 5 min to 10 min depending to the capacity of the load. Usually within the time, the generator!
generators should be able to take over and continue providingilie: supply sensitive 10att .
Choice of a UPS system
The choice of a UPS system is determined mainly by the following parameters:
i) Rated power, based on: .
- maximum value of actual estimated kV A transitory current peak (motor starting,
energization ofresistive load, transformer)
Ii) Voltage levels upstream (input) and downstream (output) ofthe UPS unit)
iii) Duration of autonomy required (ie. supply from the battery)
iv) F:requencies upstream (input) and down stream (output) offue UPS units
v) Level ofavailability required
UPS operating theory
UPS operating theory
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1.c. power supply network
Rectifier charger
Inverter
Essential load
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Battery
. Fig. 1 UPS system with constant supply from netWork
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I.e. power supply netWort
Rectifier charger
Inverter
Essential Load
Battery
Fig 2 - WS without constant supply fr9m network
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Fig. 3 UPS switching circui1:
RefeI,Ting to Fig 1, UPS system with constant supply from network
The power supply from network is being converter from AC ro DC by the rectifier charger.
The DC supply is now charging the battery.
- The DC supply that flows through inverter is being converter from DC to AC.
- The converted AC supply providing the necessary CUlTent to essential load.
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Pusat Latihan Teknologi Tinggi (ADTEC)
ShahAlam
STANDBY POWER SYSTEMS
1. Introduction
Reliability of electrical supply to industrial and commercial undertakings is essential for
continuity of production and safety ofgoods and personnel, and standby power systems
have been in use for many years. Standby power systems also known as emergency
power systems are intended to provide illumination and power to essential circuits in the
event offailure in the normal system supply.
2. Identifying and Assessing Essential Loads
Loads range in sensitivity to loss ofutility power from as little as one half cycle for
computers to minutes or more for heating and air-conditioning systems. Each installation
comprises a range ofload equipment that must be classified by sensitivity before a
system is designed to supply the load in the face ofutility power failure. Three common
(;
alternate sources that can supply power to the loads include the battery directly, the,UPS
from its dedicated battery, and the diesel engine driven generator set. The battery can
supply power with no interruption, or after about a 0.5 second transfer switch operation.
The UPS can supply power with no interruption when the utility source fails.
3 Types of Loads
a. Critical, requiring line voltage with less than one quarter cycle (5 ms) of dip to zero.
b. Essential, requiring line voltage following a 10 second dip to zero.
c. Nonessential, requiring line voltage following a dip to zero lasting minutes to hours.
4 Classification of Loads
a. Equipment Support
C' Necessary to operate an overall system, e.g., a data processing center, power plant boiler,
'--- industrial process, air-traffic control center.
b. People Support
Necessary to maintain a specific group, e.g., the personnel necessary to operate an air
traffic control center or the patients and staff of a hospital.
c. Building Support
Necessary to keep a building functioning, e.g., lights, heat, air-Conditioning, fire alarms,
elevators.
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Pusat Latihan Teknologi Tinggi CADTEC)
ShahAlam
Loads For Battery Supply
Two types of batteries systems are used for emergency/standby supply_
in the first, the system consists of an ACIDC charger supplying a dc bus with a battery
floating on the dc bus. All ofthe critical loads are supplied from the dc bus.
In the event of utility power failure, the battery supplies the loads on a dc bus. When ac
power is restored, the charger supplies the load on the dc bus and recharges the battery.
Typical loads for battery supply include the following:
a. Power plant and sub.stations, including
Control circuit
Circuit breakers
Contactors
Back-up lubrication pumps
Alarms
Telephone
Emergency light
b. Telephone Systems, including
Center office equipment
Communication Repeater
Satellite Tracking station
Subscribers' equipment
c. Building, including
Emergency lights
Fire alarms
Telephone
Radio Communication
Security
6. Loads For UPS
In assigning loads to categories and to methods of supply, examples of critical loads for
UPS supply include the following: .
a. Data processing, including
Disk drive, Central processor and interfacing
b. Medical electronics, including
Monitor
Instrumentation
Heart / lung machines
In addition, small UPS up to 10 KV A are used for PCs, Laboratory instrumentation,
photo processor and other load equipment whose operation would be costly to interrupt.
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Pusat Latihan Teknologi Tinggi (ADTEC)
ShahAlam
c. Loads for diesel- engine generator
Loads -which can tolerate a lO second delay in power after utility failure include the
following:
Elevator
Escalator
Telephone
Facsimile
Ventilation motor
Fan
Blower
Sanitation pump
1 Industrial control, including
Control computer
Programmable controller
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