588 Solution

Theon' of lvlachines

lri' ln ; 3-10 = SB r0= -60 = rad/s 6t,

-lOtt 80 T o t a ln r a s s ofrotating parts a r t h ec r a n kp i n = l , * l 8xt-10{)-1091 +( x) ":

Unbalanced force duettrLerolring m;rss ,[5"-k """, J'otal mass of reciprocatingparts/c1'lincter= 2 + j#!!

= 6 r.ro] =: I is

As the angle betneen the crlnks is 90o, i.e. )sq = 90o, . ' . T h e r e s u l t a np r riman'filrce= nrzj =2.7 rrir tEq. (I.l.-l-lr] I t a c t sr l o D gt h e e | u r r k . l E t r .{ l J . t J , r Total unbalanced tbrce along the crank = (6 + 2.71 rttz =8.7 rt,tl It can easilv be balancedby a revolving massin a direction oprposite to thet oi c-rank. Counten.nass mr ^t a radial clistance of 100 ntm, n,.x l(1,)x a)) = 8.7 x (16012)a. It,. = fi.!fi [o The rotatin-glnassesdo not aft'ectthe secondar-v forces as they' are only dtie to seconci hannonics ol the piston acceleration.

Seconclary lorce = ,[j ""'a- ,in 20

t1

[Eq.( la.a0)]

= .urj?.Jtr!-qqnlll sin20= .t7j.l sin20 )

= 473.1N N{aximum valueat 0 = ,1-5' Example 14.19 The cvlinders of a twin v-enginearesetai 60oanglewith both pistonsconnected to a singiecrank throughtheir respectireconnecting rocls. Each connectitts rod is 600 mm long and the crank rarlirrs is 120 mm.'the total rotating rnassis equiYalent tc, 2 kg at the crank radiusand the reciprocating massis 1.2 kg per piston.A balar]ce inassis alsofitted opposite ro the crankeqirivalent to 2.2 kg at a radiusof l5{) tnnt-Dctertuine the marimumand minimuuivalues of the primar.y andsccotitiart lol'c.:s duc to inertiro1'the reciprocating andtherotllting masses if the engine speed is 80lrlput. Solution R c f c rF i g . l " 1 . 3 l m = 1 . 2k g . , ' 1 = r 2 k g . 1 = 6 0 0 n r n r .r = 1 2 0m m . r r ' = 1 . 2 k g . r ' = N = 800 nrrn '= 2nN 2zxl0-50 = =llolad/s 60 * 400 tt0

1 , 5 (r.n )nr

Itr!g!!l!rs-

589

c m'

,'l50 (mm)

Fig. | 4.3l
Prinnn'.fort'e g Total primarl' folce alongx-axis= 2rl'rrl cosl a co-s force due to rotatingmassaiong-r-axis = Mra: cosg Centrifugal Centlif'ugal forcedueto balancing = -nt'ro)) cos0 massalong,r-atis Total unlralanced ltrrcc alt,.ng .r-aris = 2mra2 cosl a cc,s0 + Mrcoz cosg- rn'r'o-rl cosg

lE1.(14.29)l

= rozcos 0 (2mr cosl a + Mr - m' r'1 = l l 0 r x c o sg ( 2 x l . 2 x 0 . 1 2 - 2 . 2x 0 . 1 5 ) cos2 3 0 "+ 2 x 0 . 1 2 = l 1 0 r x c o sg ( 0 . 2 1 6 + 0 . 2 4- 0 . 3 3 . 1 = 1521.6 cos 0 N = 2rrrrrr;: Total prirnarl,force along.l'-axis sin: a sin 0 [ E q .( 1 a . 3 0 ) ] Centrifugal folce tlue lo rotatingntassalongr'-axis= Mrai sin? fbrce due to balancing = nir'at2 si:t0 Centrifrrgal ntass along _r.-axis Total unbalanced forcealong .r'-axis =2nr@.1 s i n l a s i n 0 + M r a ) s i n 0 - n i r ' a f s i nA = rr;2 sin 0 (2ntrsinl a+ Mr * ni r') = 1102x s i n0 ( 2 x 1 . 2 x 0 . 1 2s i n r3 0 "+ 2 x 0 . 1 2 - 2 . 2 x 0 . l 5 t = ll0r x sin0 (0.072 + 0 . 2 1- 0 . 3 3 ) = -211.8 sin0 N Resulranr primarl' fbrce= @

2 322576coi 0 + 47 431sir e

=trn5n,
= ,fz:r. r:s."i I * -l;{v
This i:, naximunru'henI is 0" andminimumwhen 0= 90".

590

Theory of Machines

Maximumprimaly force= ^l 2 275 139+ 41 437 = I 524 N Minimum primaryforce = N 41 131 = 2 1 7 . 8

Secondary force forcesas they are only due to second do not atfectthe secondary The rotatingmasses of the pistonacceleration. harmonics force secondary Resultant = /.mru) #./ | {.o, a cos20 cos2a)2+ (sinu sin20sin 2a)2 [ E q .( 1 4 . 3 8 ) ]

2 x l . 2 x 0 .1 2x 11 0 2 (cos30o cos 29 cos 60o)2

+ (sin 30" sin 20 sin 60")'

= 696.96J 10.+::cos2g)2+ (0.433 sin20)2 This is maximumwhen 0 is 0" and minimumwhen 0 = 90' = 301.8N Maxirnumprimaryforce = 696.96x 0.,133 Minimum primaryforce = 696.96x 0.433= 301.8N force hasthe samevaluefor maximttmand mintmum. Thus,the secondary

O FW , V . 8 A N D V . I 2 E N G I N E S 14.13 BATANCING rods by threeconnecting crank OA is operated a common In W-engines. in Fis.14.32. shown

Fig. 14.32 Primaryforce: nra2 cos(g- a) cos a Primaryforceof I along.r-axis= Primaryforce of 2 alongr-axis = nlrlJt cos(0 + a) cos a = mra2 cos 0 cos a Prinraryfbrce of 3 along-r-axis = mra)l cos 0

(asa=0