Page 1

Mock CAT 9 2012

1. A right circular cylindrical can of base radius 24 cm and height 100 cm is used to carry sand to a
construction site. How many such cans will be required to completely fill a circular field of radius
20 m with 18 cm thick layer of sand?
(a) 1250 (b) 1000 (c) 2000 (d) 500
2. P = b
2
c
2
ac bd, where a, b, c and d, in that order, are four consecutive natural numbers (a < b).
Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) P is always a prime number.
(b) P is always a rational number, though not necessarily prime.
(c) P can be rational or irrational depending on the numbers.
(d) P is always an irrational number.
3. A solid cube, with edge of length 16 cm, is divided into two parts by passing a plane from one face
of the cube to the opposite face (see the figure given below). If EI = HJ = BK = CL = 2 cm, then by
what percentage is the sum of the surface areas of the two parts more than the surface area of the
cube?
J
G
C
B
K A
E
H
L
I
F
D
(a) 16.67% (b) 20.83% (c) 41.67% (d) 50.00%
4.
( )
, ]

, ]
]
1
1
2
2 A
(A B) = A B
B
and
( )
1
2
1
2
(A B)
A $ B = ,
A
B
, ]
, ]
]
where [x] is the greatest integer less than or equal to x.
Find the value of
j \
, (

( ,
(A B) (A $ B)
.
(A B) $ (A $ B)
[Given: A B 0 > ]
(a) A B (b) A $ B (c) A B (d)
A
B
, ]
, ]
]
Section - I (QA + DI)
Mock CAT 9 2012
Page 2
Mock CAT 9 2012
5. Ten workers started a job and worked on it for 10 days. Eleventh day onwards, a new worker joined
them every day till the job was finished. It took exactly 20 days to finish the entire job. The same job
has to be done starting with the minimum possible number of workers when it is known that a
worker will quit the job every day after the first day. How many days will it take to finish the job in
such a manner?
(a) 23 (b) 22 (c) 19 (d) 17
6. A man, while driving to his office, finds three traffic signals on his way. The probability that the traffic
light is red when he reaches the first, second and third traffic signal is
5 5 3
, and
8 6 5
respectively.
What is the probability that he finds at least one traffic light on his way which is not red?
(a)
3
8
(b)
11
16
(c)
5
16
(d)
5
8
7. a, b, c and d are four positive real numbers such that a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
+ d
2
= 100. What is the maximum
possible value of the sum of a, b, c and d?
(a) 30 (b) 10 (c) 20 (d) None of these
8. What digit does a represent, if
35! = 10333147966386144929a66651337523200000000?
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 2 (d) 1
9. Sameer and Sumer started running from the same point in opposite directions on a circular track of
length 120 m. Their speeds are 20 m/s and 40 m/s respectively. After every second, Sameer in-
creases his speed by 2 m/s whereas Sumer decreases his speed by 2 m/s. How many times would
they have met on the track by the time Sumer comes to rest?
(a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) None of these
10. P is a point outside a circle with center O and radius 6 units, such that OP = 10 units. Tangents are
drawn from P to the circle touching it at M and N (see the figure given below). The line segment
OP cuts the circle at point C and the tangent drawn to the circle at C meets PM and PN at points
A and B respectively. What is the length (in units) of the inradius of triangle ABP?
M
A
P
B
N
O
C
(a) 1.50 (b) 1.67 (c) 1.73 (d) 2.00
Page 3
Mock CAT 9 2012
Directions for questions 11 to 13: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.
The break-up of the financial budget of a country called Chaupatland for FY 2010-11 is represented by the
pie charts given below. Pie chart A represents Budgeted Revenue and pie chart B represents Budgeted
Expenditure.

Chart A
Tax
Revenue
76%
Non-Tax
Revenue
19%
Recovery of
Loans
1%
Other Receipts
4%

Chart B
Non Planned
Revenue Account
53%
Interest Payment
?
Non-Planned
Capital Account
?
Planned Revenue
Account
21%
Planned Capital
Account
4%
Budgeted Revenue was less than Budgeted Expenditure by Rs. 625 thousand crores. Interest Payment
exceeded Non-Planned Capital Account by 12% of Budgeted Expenditure. Non-Tax Revenue was
Rs. 285 thousand crores less than Tax Revenue.
11. The difference between Budgeted Expenditure and Budgeted Revenue was what percentage of
Budgeted Revenue?
(a) 120% (b) 125% (c) 25% (d) 20%
12. By how much did the sum of Planned Revenue Account and Planned Capital Account exceed
Non-Tax Revenue?
(a) Rs. 281.25 thousand crores (b) Rs. 236.25 thousand crores
(c) Rs. 186.25 thousand crores (d) Rs. 88.25 thousand crores
13. In FY 2011-12, if Budgeted Revenue is increased by 52% over that of the previous year, then what
will be the new percentage share of Tax Revenue in Budgeted Revenue?
(a) 50% (b) 76% (c) 56% (d) Cannot be determined
14. The question given below is followed by two statements, A and B. Mark the answer using the
following instructions:
Mark (a) if the question can be answered by using one of the statements alone, but cannot be
answered by using the other statement alone.
Mark (b) if the question can be answered by using either statement alone.
Mark (c) if the question can be answered by using both the statements together, but cannot be
answered by using either statement alone.
Mark (d) if the question cannot be answered even by using both the statements together.
Q. What is the remainder when the number N = xxxxxxxxx (each digit of N is the same i.e. x)
is divided by 13?
A. N has 18n + 6 digits, where n is a natural number.
B. The value of x is 7.
Page 4
Mock CAT 9 2012
15. In a ballot process, 900 votes more were polled in favour of a resolution than were polled against it.
It was also noticed that the number of votes polled against the resolution was 30 percent of the total
number of votes polled. If all the votes polled were valid and each vote was either in favour of the
resolution or against it, find the total number of votes polled.
(a) 1150 (b) 3400 (c) 2000 (d) 2250
16. A group of students is to be divided into some rows such that all the rows have an equal number of
students. When 7 students are put in each row, 3 students are left; when 8 students are put in each
row, 5 students are left; and when 9 students are put in each row, 7 students are left. If 12 students
are put in each row, then how many students will be left?
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 7
17. Five hundred students appeared in an examination which comprises three subjects Physics,
Chemistry and Mathematics. The Venn diagram given below shows the number of students who
failed in one or more subjects. What percentage of students passed in at least two of the three
subjects?
Chemistry Physics
Mathematics
12
5
12
55
70
35
10
(a) 70.6% (b) 55.4% (c) 60.2% (d) 92.2%
18. The letters of the English alphabet, in the order A to Z, are made to represent 26 numbers which are
in Arithmetic Progression. The sum of the numbers representing A, C and E is 36 while that of A, C,
E and G is 60. What is the sum of the numbers representing B, D, F and H?
(a) 96 (b) 66 (c) 72 (d) 84
Page 5
Mock CAT 9 2012
Directions for questions 19 and 20: Answer the questions on the basis of the table given below.
Year 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991
1. Full Time Child Workers
Census data based estimates
(0-14 Yrs.)
13387144 14469775 10664018 11195544 12669909
NSS data based estimates
(5-14 Yrs.)
11339526 13777443 16330000 16166330 13950225
2. Non-workers & Non-students
(5-14 Yrs.)
Census data based estimates 49700129 64914609 89482123 89541313 97659410
MHRD & NSS data based
estimates
52997224 61123492 86092259 77352410 94554833
3. Child Marginal workers
Census estimates (1981 and
1991)
NA NA NA 2445329 10498822
4. Estimates of total child
workers
Census data based estimates 13387144 15469775 16153985 18340873 23161013
NSS data based estimates 11339526 15299910 16330000 18611659 23449047
19. In Census data based estimates (0-14 Yrs.), which year saw the maximum percentage change in
Full Time Child Workers as compared to the previous Census?
(a) 1961 (b) 1971 (c) 1981 (d) 1991
20. In Non-workers & Non-students (5-14 Yrs.) category, the two estimates are based on Census and
MHRD & NSS respectively. For which year is the absolute difference between the two estimates the
highest?
(a) 1951 (b) 1961 (c) 1971 (d) 1981
21. The question given below is followed by two statements, A and B. Mark the answer using the
following instructions:
Mark (a) if the question can be answered by using one of the statements alone, but cannot be
answered by using the other statement alone.
Mark (b) if the question can be answered by using either statement alone.
Mark (c) if the question can be answered by using both the statements together, but cannot be
answered by using either statement alone.
Mark (d) if the question cannot be answered even by using both the statements together.
Q. Four people Ram, Shyam, Gopal and Sameer are sitting at a circular table not necessarily in
the given order. Who is sitting opposite Sameer?
A. Ram is sitting to the immediate left of Sameer.
B. Gopal is sitting to the immediate right of Shyam.
Page 6
Mock CAT 9 2012
22. There are three water-alcohol solutions A, B and C whose alcohol concentrations are 50%, 60% and
70% respectively. x ml of A, (x + 2) ml of B and (x + 3) ml of C are mixed. If the alcohol concentration
of the resultant mixture is 65%, then x lies in the range
(a) 0.1 to 0.5 (b) 0.5 to 0.9 (c) 0.9 to 1.4 (d) 1.4 to 1.9
23. The pages of a book are numbered 1 to n, where n is a natural number. The total number of times the
digit 3 is used while printing all the page numbers is 184. What is the value of n?
(a) 432 (b) 430 (c) 431 (d) Cannot be determined
24. A function f(x) is defined for all real values of x as f(x) = ax
2
+ bx + 1. It is also known that
f(5) = f(k) = 0, where k is not equal to 5. If a < 0, then which of the following is definitely correct?
(a) b < 0 (b) b > 0 (c) k < 0 (d) k > 0
Directions for questions 25 to 27: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.
The table given below shows the marks obtained by 20 students of a school in their annual exam. The
Performance Score of a student is calculated as:
Performance Score = Academic Score + 3 Extra Curricular Score
Name Gender Academic Score
Extra Curricular
Score
Stage of Education
Vikrant M 73 10 Secondary
Saurabh M 70 12 Senior Secondary
Kaushik M 46 7 Primary
Meenal F 46 6 Primary
Manmeet M 61 4 Primary
Vikram M 78 10 Secondary
Manjari F 30 16 Primary
Asmita F 32 6 Primary
Mohit M 68 15 Senior Secondary
Pavan M 58 3 Secondary
Lokesh F 67 6 Secondary
Pranab M 32 8 Secondary
Mudit M 54 12 Senior Secondary
Amit F 74 11 Primary
Maneet M 47 19 Primary
Suresh M 49 19 Secondary
Puneet M 33 12 Secondary
Visakha F 57 12 Senior Secondary
Renuka F 59 3 Primary
Santosh M 40 9 Senior Secondary
Page 7
Mock CAT 9 2012
The school calculates Happy Growth Index for every student to determine the relative happiness of its
students. Students are classified as either High or Low on Happy Growth Index based on the criteria shown
in the table given below.
Gender Stage of Education Performance Score Happy Growth Index
Primary 70 PS 100 High
Primary PS < 70 or PS > 100 Low
Secondary 75 PS 107 High
Secondary PS < 75 or PS > 107 Low
Senior Secondary 85 PS 110 High
Senior Secondary PS < 85 or PS > 110 Low
Primary 60 PS 90 High
Primary PS < 60 or PS > 90 Low
Secondary 70 PS 95 High
Secondary PS < 70 or PS > 95 Low
Senior Secondary 75 PS 100 High
Senior Secondary PS < 75 or PS > 100 Low
Male
Female
25. How many students are Low on Happy Growth Index at Primary Stage of Education?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
26. What is the ratio of the number of male students at Senior Secondary Stage who are High on Happy
Growth Index to the number of female students at Primary Stage who are High on Happy Growth
Index?
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 3 (c) 1 : 3 (d) 4 : 3
27. How many female students whose Academic Score is less than 50 have the same Happy Growth
Index as that of Renuka?
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 2
28. p, q, r and s are positive real numbers such that
p r
q ,
2
+

s = p q and r
2
= s
2
. Which of the
following is definitely true?
(a)
3q
p
2

(b)
3q
p
2

(c)
3p
q
2

(d)
3p
q
2

29. If p is a prime number and w, x, y, z are four natural numbers whose sum is less than p, then
(w + x + y + z)
p
(w
p
+ x
p
+ y
p
+ z
p
) is always divisible by
(a) p 1 (b) p
2
(c) p (d) p + 1
30. If x, y and z are whole numbers such that x y, then how many solutions are possible for the
equation x + y + z = 36?
(a) 361 (b) 323 (c) 382 (d) 342
Page 1
Mock CAT 9 2012
1. a Let the number of cans required to fill the field be n.
Volume of sand (in cm
3
) in a can =
2
(24) 100.
Total volume of sand (in cm
3
) in n cans
=
2
n (24) 100 ...(i)
Total volume of sand (in cm
3
) to be filled in the field
=
2
(2000) 18 ...(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii) for n we get:
n = 1250
2. b Since it is given that the four numbers are consecutive
natural numbers and a < b,
b = a + 1, c = a + 2 and d = a + 3.
P = b
2
c
2
ac bd
P = (a + 1)
2
(a + 2)
2
a(a + 2) (a + 1)(a + 3)
P = a
4
+ 6a
3
+ 11a
2
+ 6a + 1
P = (a
2
+ 3a + 1)
2

P

= a
2
+ 3a + 1, which is always a rational number,
though not necessarily prime. E.g. at a = 6.
3. c Surface area of the cube = 6 16
2
= 1536 cm
2
.
Length of IK = +
2 2
12 16 = 20 cm.
Area of the rectangle exposed = 16 20 = 320 cm
2
.
Hence, total surface area added = 320 2 = 640 cm
2
.
The required percentage increase
=
640
100
1536
= 41.67%.
4. d
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
A (AB)
(A B) (A$B) = (AB)
B
A

B
j \
, (
j \
, (
, ] , (
, (
, ] , (
] , (
, (
, ]
( ,
, (
, ( , ]
] ( ,

, ]
, ]
, ]
j \ , ]
j \ j \ , ] , ( , ]
, ( , ( , ] , ( , ]
j \
]
, ( , ( , (
, ]
, ] , ( ( ,
, ( , (
, ]
, ] , (
j \ , ( ] , (
, ( , ]
, ] , ( ( , , ( , (
, ]
, ( , ] , ( , (
, ] ] ( , ( ,
, (
, ]
, (
, ]
, ]
, (
, ]
, ( , ]
] ( , ]
1
2
1 1
1
2 2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2 1
2
1
2
A
(AB)
B
A (AB)
= (AB)
B
A

B (AB)

A

B
=
1
1
2
2
A
(AB)
B
, ]
, ]
]
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
A (AB)
(A B)$(A$B) = (AB) $
B
A

B
j \
, (
j \
, (
, ] , (
, (
, ] , (
] , (
, (
, ]
( ,
, (
, ( , ]
] ( ,
j \ j \
, ( , (
j \
, ( , (
, ] , (
, ( , (
, ] , (
, ( ] , (
, (
, ]
( , , ( , (
, ( , ] , (
] ( , ( ,
, ]
, ]
, ]
j \ , ]
, ] , ( , ]
, ] , ( , ]
]
, (
, ]
( ,
, ]
j \
, ]
, (
, ]
, (
, ]
, (
, ]
, (
, ]
, ]
, (
, ]
, ( , ]
] ( , ]
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
A (AB)
(AB)
B
A

B
=
A
(AB)
B
(AB)

A

B
1
2
1
2
(AB)
A

B

, ]
, ]
]
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
A
(AB)
(A B) (A$B) A B
= =
(A B)$(A$B) B
(AB)
A

B
, ]
, ]
j \ , ]
]
, (
, ]

] ( ,
, ]
, ]
]
5. d Lets assume that each worker completes W units of
the job in a day. The number of units completed by
10 workers in 10 days = 10 10 = 100W.
If one more worker joins them, then the number of
units completed on the 11th day will be 11W.
As it took exactly 20 days to finish the job, it can be
concluded that the job consisted of (100W + 11W +
12W + + 20W) = 255W units of work.
In the second situation, let the number of workers
who started the job be n.
Hence, ( ) ( ) nW n 1 W n 2 W . W 255W + + + +
or
( ) n n 1
255
2
+

Solutions (QA + DI)

Page 2
Mock CAT 9 2012
The minimum possible value of n which satisfies the
above inequality is 23. However, it must be noticed
that 23 + 22 + 21 + + 7 = 255.
Hence, the work will get completed in exactly
23 6 = 17 days.
6. b Probability that the man finds all three traffic lights red
5 5 3 5
= =
8 6 5 16
Probability that he finds at least one light which is not
red
5 11
= 1 =
16 16
7. c The sum will be maximum when all of them are equal
i.e. when a = b = c = d = 5, which gives
Max (a + b + c + d) = 20.
Alternate Method:
Note that we also have an inequality rule:
(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
+ ..)(x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
+ ) (ax + by +
cz + .)
2
Where a, b, c,and x, y, z.. are all real numbers.
Using this,
(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
+ d
2
)(1
2
+ 1
2
+ 1
2
+ 1
2
)

(a + b + c + d)
2
100 4 (a + b + c + d)
2
or Max (a + b + c + d) = 20.
8. b This can be done using the Divisibility Rule of a number
like 9 or 11. E.g. Since 35! is divisible by 11, either the
sum of the digits at the odd places must be equal to the
sum of the digits at the even places or their difference
should be a multiple of 11. In this case the latter is not
possible. Hence, 66 + a = 72 and a = 6.
9. c Sumer will come to rest after 20 seconds. The
combined distance covered by them every second is
60 m. Since the track length is 120 m, they will meet
after every 2 seconds. So they would have met
10 times by the time Sumer comes to rest.
10. a CP = OP OC = 10 6 = 4 units
In right angled triangle OMP,
2 2
MP OP OM 8 units.
M
A
P
B
N
O
C
6
4
8
Triangles MOP and CAP are similar as MPO CPA.
Hence,
AP OP OP 10
or AP CP 4 5 units.
CP MP MP 8

Subsequently, AC = 3 units and AB = 6 units.
Inradius of triangle ABP
( )
1
4 6
24
2
r 1.5 units
1
s 16
6 5 5
2

+ +
For questions 11 to 13:
Let Interest Payment be x% and Non-Planned Capital Account
be y% of Budgeted Expenditure. From pie chart B, x + y = 22%
and x y = 12%. Thus, x = 17 and y = 5.
Now 76% 19% i.e. 57% of Budgeted Revenue is given as
Rs. 285 thousand crores. Thus Budgeted Revenue = Rs. 500
thousand crores.
Budgeted Expenditure = Budgeted Revenue + Rs. 625 thousand
crores = Rs. 1125 thousand crores.
11. b The difference between Budgeted Expenditure and
Budgeted Revenue when expressed as a percentage
of Budgeted Revenue
625
100 125%
500

12. c The sum of Planned Revenue Account and Planned
Capital Account (Rs. 281.25 thousand crores)
exceeded the Non-Tax Revenue (Rs. 95 thousand
crores) by Rs. 186.25 thousand crores.
13. d Since nothing is mentioned about the break-up of
Budgeted Revenue in FY 2011-12, the percentage
share of Tax Revenue cannot be determined.
14. a Any number of the form xxxx..xxxx is divisible by 7,
11 and 13 if the number of digits is of the form 6k,
where k is a natural number.
From Statement A:
18n + 6 is of the form 6k. So the number is divisible by
13 and the remainder is 0.
From Statement B:
We cannot find the remainder using this statement
alone.
15. d If y is the total number of votes polled and x is the
number of votes against the resolution, then
x + 900 = 0.7 y ...(i)
x = 0.3 y ...(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), y = 2250.
Page 3
Mock CAT 9 2012
16. a Let there be N students in all. According to the question:
N = 7k
1
+ 3 = 8k
2
+ 5 = 9k
3
+ 7, where k
1
, k
2
, k
3
are all
natural numbers.
Let us take the first two terms initially.
7k
1
+ 3 = 8k
2
+ 5
2
1
8k 2
k =
7
+
The least value of k
2
that makes k
1
a natural number is
5. Hence, the smallest number satisfying the first two
conditions is 8 5 + 5 = 45. So the complete series of
the type LCM (7, 8) K + 45 will satisfy the first two
conditions, where K is a whole number. So the series
is 56K + 45. Now we take the third condition.
56K + 45 = 9k
3
+ 7
3
56K 38
k
9
+

The least value of K which makes k

3
a natural number
is 8. Hence, the smallest number satisfying the above
three conditions is 56 8 + 45 = 493 and the total
number of students = LCM (7, 8, 9) P + 493.
So N = 504P + 493, where P is whole number. N when
divided by 12 leaves remainder 1. Hence, if 12 students
are put in each row, 1 student will be left.
17. d The students who passed in at least two subjects are
those who didnt fail in more than one subject.
The number of students who didnt fail in any of the
three subjects = 500 199 = 301
The number of students who failed in exactly one of
the three subjects = 35 + 70 + 55 = 160
The number of students who passed in at least two
subjects = 301 + 160 = 461
Hence, the percentage of students who passed in at
least two subjects
461
= x 100% = 92.2%
500
18. c Let the number representing A be a, and the common
difference be d.
a + (a + 2d) + (a + 4d) = 36 ...(i)
and (A + C + E + G) (A + C + E) = 60 36
G = 24
a + 6d = 24 ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii)
(3a + 6d) (a + 6d) = 12
2a = 12 a = 6 and d = 3
So B + D + F + H = 4a + 16d
= 24 + 48 = 72
19. b Percentage change for the year 1971 is the highest
and the value is

14469775 10664018
100 26.30%
14469775
20. d The absolute difference for the year 1981 is clearly
much more than that for the other four years and the
value is 12188903.
21. c From Statement A:
Using this statement, we can find the relative positions
of Ram and Sameer but we dont know about the
relative positions of the other two and so we cant
answer the question.
From Statement B:
This statement provides only the relative arrangement
of Shyam and Gopal. So we cannot answer the
question using statement B alone.
Combining statements A and B:
If we combine statements A and B, we get the relative
positions of the four people and can conclude that
Gopal is sitting opposite Sameer.
22. a According to the given condition
+ + + +

+ + + +
0.5x 0.6(x 2) 0.7(x 3)
0.65
x (x 2) (x 3)
0.5x 0.6x 1.2 0.7x 2.1
0.65
3x 5
+ + + +

+
1.8x + 3.3 = 1.95x + 3.25
.05 = 0.15x

5
x
15

1
x
3
= 0.33
23. b The digit 3 is used 100 + 80 times while writing the first
400 natural numbers. So it will be used 181
st
time in
403, 182
nd
time in 413, 183
rd
time in 423 and 184
th
time
in 430.
24. c It can be concluded that 5 and k are the two distinct
roots of the equation ax
2
+ bx + 1 = 0.
Also, product of the roots =
1
a
< 0 (as a < 0).
Hence, 5k < 0 k < 0.
For questions 25 to 27:
25. c Among males, Performance Scores of Kaushik and
Maneet dont fall in the interval [70, 100] and so they
are Low on Happy Growth Index. Among females,
Performance Scores of Asmita and Amit dont fall in
the interval [60, 90] and so they are Low on Happy
Growth Index. So 4 students in all are Low on Happy
Growth Index at Primary Stage of Education.
Page 4
Mock CAT 9 2012
26. b Among males at Senior Secondary Stage, Saurabh
and Mudit are High on Happy Growth Index. Among
females at Primary Stage, Meenal, Manjari and Renuka
are High on Happy Growth Index. So the required ratio
is 2 : 3.
27. d Renuka is High on Happy Growth Index. Meenal and
Manjari are the only female students whose Academic
Score is less than 50 and who are High on Happy
Growth Index.
28. a s = p q
q =
(p r)
2
+
p + r = 2q r = p + 2q
r
2
= s
2
(given)
Putting the values of r and s in the given equation:
(p + 2q)
2
= (p q)
2
+ +
2 2 2 2
p 4q 4pq p q 2pq

2
3q
3q 2pq p
2
29. c If p is prime and m is not a multiple of p, then m
p-1
when
divided by p leaves remainder 1.
So (w + x + y + z)
p
when divided by p will leave
remainder (w + x + y + z) and so will (w
p
+

x
p
+ y
p
+
z
p
).
Hence, (w + x + y + z)
p
(w
p
+ x
p
+ y
p
+ z
p
) will
always be divisible by p.
30. a The total number of solutions for x + y + z = 36, if x, y
and z are whole numbers is given by
36+31
C
31
=
38
C
2
=

703.
The number of solutions where x = y will be 19 {from
(x, y) = (0, 0) to (18, 18)}.
The number of solutions where x is not equal to y
= 703 19 = 684
Among these 684 solutions, half will have x > y and
the rest will have y > x.
Hence, the total number of solutions where x y
684
= 19 + = 361.
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