Kinematics/ Projectile review

Problem 1. An arrow is shot vertically upward with an initial speed of 25 m/s. When its exactly halfway to the top of its flight, a second arrow is launched vertically upward from the same spot. The second arrow reaches the first arrow just as the first arrow reaches its highest point. (a) What is the launch speed of the second arrow? (b) What maximum height does the second arrow reach? 2. Two planes fly from Toronto to Philadelphia. Plane A flies via Pittsburgh whereas passengers on plane B have a direct flight. Pittsburgh is 350 km due south of Toronto and 390 km due west of Philadelphia. The airspeed of both planes is 400.0 km/h and a steady wind is blowing from the east at 60.0 km/h. (a) What direction must the pilot point the plane flying from Toronto to Pittsburgh? Include a vector diagram of velocities. (b) How long will the entire flight take for plane A assuming a 0.50-h layover in Pittsburgh? (c) How much time must the pilot of plane B wait before leaving Toronto if she is to arrive in Philadelphia at the same time plane A arrives? 3. The graph below represents the motion of an object over a recorded time interval. Using methods of graphical analysis wherever possible, determine (a) the objects displacement relative to its starting position at t = 6.0 s. (b) the objects average velocity between t = 0.0 s and t = 6.0 s. (c) the objects average speed between t = 0.0 s and t = 6.0 s. (d) Including t = 0.0 s, how many times during the entire recorded time interval is the object at its starting position? (e) During which interval is the objects acceleration the greatest? What is the value of the acceleration during this interval? (f) Plot the corresponding position-time graph. (g) Plot the corresponding acceleration-time graph.

4. A football quarterback attempts a pass to one of the receivers. As the ball is snapped, the receiver leaves the line of scrimmage and runs directly down field. The quarterback releases the ball 2.0 s later and from a position 3.0 m behind the line of scrimmage. He throws the ball with a speed of 26 m/s at an elevation of 60 above the horizontal. The receiver makes a diving reception, catching the ball just as it reaches the ground. See the diagram below.

(a) What is the time of flight of the football? (b) What is the average speed of the receiver? 5. A circus clown is fired from a cannon into a net that is situated 2.0 m above the cannon and some distance from it. The cannon is elevated at 50.0 to the horizontal and the clowns speed at launch is 15 m/s. See the diagram below.

(a) Find the horizontal distance from the cannon where the net needs to placed in order for the clown to land in it. (b) Calculate the clowns velocity as he lands in the net.

Kinematics/ Projectile review Answer Section

PROBLEM 1. ANS: (a) Using the sign convention that up is () and down is (+): v1 = 25 m/s v2 = 0.0 m/s a = 9.8 m/s2 d = ?

The arrow travels 31.9 m upward to its highest point. The halfway position is 15.9 m. The time to travel the last half of its flight: d = 15.9 m v2 = 0.0 m/s a = 9.8 m/s2 t = ?

For the second arrow: d = -31.9 m a = 9.8 m/s2 t = 1.80 s v1 = ?

The speed of the second arrow at launch is 27 m/s [upward]. (b) Finding the maximum height of the second arrow: v1 = 26.5 m/s v2 = 0.0 m/s a = 9.8 m/s2 d = ?

The second arrow reaches a maximum height of 36 m [upward]. REF: K/U OBJ: 1.3 LOC: FM1.02 2. ANS: (a) The triangle of velocity vectors appears as:

The plane must point [8.6 E of S]. (b) For the first leg of the trip of plane A:

time to fly from Toronto to Pittsburgh:

Layover time in Pittsburgh is 0.5 h. Pittsburgh to Philadelphia:

Time to fly:

Total time Toronto to Philadelphia: 0.885 h + 0.5 h + 1.15 h = 2.5 h The total time for plane A is 2.5 h. (c) Distance from Toronto to Philadelphia:

Vector triangle of velocities:

Using sine law: = 5.8, then = 180 138 5.8 = 36 Using cosine law: 353 km/h Time for plane B to fly from Toronto to Philadelphia:

Plane B must wait 2.5 h 1.48 h = 1.0 h. REF: K/U 3. ANS: (a) displacement displacement OBJ: 1.5 LOC: FM1.05

= area under graph = 23.75 m [S] + 18.75 m [N] = 5.0 m [S]

(b)

The objects average velocity during the first 6.0 s is 0.83 m/s [S]. (c)

The objects average speed during the first 6.0 s is 7.1 m/s. (d) The object is at its starting location 3 times throughout the motion. (e) The objects acceleration is greatest between t = 6.5 s and 7.0 s. (the greatest slope) acceleration = slope of graph = 30 m/s2 [N] (f)

(g)

REF: K/U OBJ: 1.2 LOC: FM1.02 4. ANS: (a) Time of flight: let up be () and down be (+) v1 = 26 m/s(sin 60) = 22.5 m/s a = 9.8 m/s2 d = 2.0 m t = ? 2.0 = (22.5)t + 4.9(t)2 Solving the quadratic: t = 4.68 s The time of flight is 4.7 s. (b) Horizontal range: d = vt = 26 m/s(cos 60)(4.68 s) = 60.8 m The receiver must run: 60.8 m 3.0 m = 57.8 m. The time the receiver has to reach the football: 4.68 s + 2.0 s = 6.68 s. The average speed of the receiver:

The receiver must run with an average speed of 8.7 m/s. REF: K/U OBJ: 1.4 LOC: FM1.03 5. ANS: (a) Time of flight: let up be () and down be (+)

v1 = 15 m/s(sin 50) = 11.5 m/s a = 9.8 m/s2 d = 2.0 m t = ? 2.0 = (11.5)t + 4.9(t)2 Solving the quadratic: t = 0.19 s (way up) and 2.16 s (way down) Horizontal range: d = vt = 15 m/s(cos 50)(2.16 s) = 21 m The net must be placed 21 m away from the cannon. (b) Horizontal component of final velocity: 15 m/s(cos 50) = 9.64 m/s Vertical component of final velocity: v2 = v1 + at = 11.5 m/s + 9.8 m/s2(2.16 s) v2 = 9.67 m/s Using Pythagoras:

=
The shell lands with a velocity of 14 m/s at an angle of 45 below the horizontal. REF: K/U OBJ: 1.4 LOC: FM1.03