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However,ifthecontroliscorrelatedwithfocalvariable,itincreasespartial Rsquaredand increasesthestandarderror.Itcomesdowntowhicheffectdominates. Whatistheeffectofincludingmorecontrolsinamultivariateregression equation? Ourfocusisonbiasandvarianceofthefocalvariable. (1)Ifthecontrolvariableiscorrelatedwiththefocalcausalvariable,then including thecontrolisnecessary.Otherwise,therewillbeommittedvariablebiaswhich doesnot goawaywithlargersample.Ifthecontrolvariableisnotcorrelated,thereisno harm ontheparameterestimate. (2)Theeffectontheprecisionoftheestimateisindeterminate.Ifthecontrol actually belonginthemodel,itwillreducetheestimateofresidualandhencereduce standarderror. However,ifthecontroliscorrelatedwithfocalvariable,itincreasespartial Rsquaredand increasesthestandarderror.Itcomesdowntowhicheffectdominates. Whatistheeffectofincludingmorecontrolsinamultivariateregression equation? Ourfocusisonbiasandvarianceofthefocalvariable. (1)Ifthecontrolvariableiscorrelatedwiththefocalcausalvariable,then including thecontrolisnecessary.Otherwise,therewillbeommittedvariablebiaswhich doesnot goawaywithlargersample.Ifthecontrolvariableisnotcorrelated,thereisno Page1
Untitled harm ontheparameterestimate. (2)Theeffectontheprecisionoftheestimateisindeterminate.Ifthecontrol actually belonginthemodel,itwillreducetheestimateofresidualandhencereduce standarderror. However,ifthecontroliscorrelatedwithfocalvariable,itincreasespartial Rsquaredand increasesthestandarderror.Itcomesdowntowhicheffectdominates.
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