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SEVENTH EDITION
PEARSON Addison Wesley Boston San Francisco New York London Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore Madrid Mexico City Munich Paris Cape Town Hong Kong Montreal
CONTENTS
CHAPTER \
Introduction 1
Background 1 Solutions and Initial Value Problems 6 Direction Fields 16 The Approximation Method of Euler* 24
CHAPTER SUMMARY 30 30 31
A. Taylor Series Method 31 B. Picard's Method 32 C. Magnetic Dipole 33 D. The Phase Line 34
CHAPTER 2,
XVi
Contents
80 82 83 84
A. Differential Equations in Clinical Medicine 84 B. Torricelli's Law of Fluid Flow 86 C. The Snowplow Problem 87 D. Two Snowplows 87 E. Clairaut Equations and Singular Solutions 88 F. Multiple Solutions of a First-Order Initial Value Problem 89 G. Designing a Solar Collector 90 H. Asymptotic Behavior of Solutions to Linear Equations 91 /. Utility Functions and Risk Aversion 92
CHAPTER 3
Heating.and Cooling of Buildings Newtonian Mechanics Electrical Circuits 125 129 114
140
A. Dynamics of HIV Infection 150 ^, B. Aquaculture T53 ,C. Curve of Pursuit 154 D. Aircraft Guidance in a Crosswind 155 E. Feedback and the Op Amp 156 F. Bang-Bang Controls 157 G. Market Equilibrium: Stability and Time Paths H. Stability of Numerical Methods 159 /. Period Doubling and Chaos 161
158
Contents
xvii
CHAPTER
Nonhomogeneous Equations: The Method of Undetermined Coefficients The Superposition Principle and Undetermined Coefficients Revisited Variation of Parameters 203 207
Variable-Coefficient Equations*
Qualitative Considerations for Variable-Coefficient and Nonlinear Equations* A Closer Look at Free Mechanical Vibrations* A Closer Look at Forced Mechanical Vibrations*
CHAPTER SUMMARY REVIEW PROBLEMS 248 250 251 252
218
229 239
A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H.
Nonlinear Equations Solvable by First-Order Techniques 252 Apollo Reentry 253 Simple Pendulum 254 Linearization of Nonlinear Problems 255 Convolution Method 256 Undetermined Coefficients Using Complex Arithmetic 257 An Alternative to the Method of Undetermined Coefficients 258 Asymptotic Behavior of Solutions 260
V
CHAPTER
xviii
Contents
Applications to Biomathematics: Epidemic and Tumor Growth Models Coupled Mass-Spring Systems Electrical Systems 315 321 308
298
A. B. C. D. E.
Designing a Landing System for Interplanetary Travel 335 Things That Bob 336 Hamiltonian Systems 337 Strange Behavior of Competing SpeciesPart I 339 Cleaning Up the Great Lakes 340
CHAPTER
358
363
A. Computer Algebra Systems and Exponential Shift 371 B. Justifying the Method of Undetermined Coefficients 372 C. Transverse Vibrations of a Beam 373 y
Definition of the Laplace Transform Properties of the Laplace Transform Inverse Laplace Transform 392
Contents
XIX
402 410
440
A. Duhamel 's Formulas 447 B. Frequency Response Modeling 448 C. Determining System Parameters 450
CHAPTER
Power Series Solutions to Linear Differential Equations Equations with Analytic Coefficients 477 483
499
A. Spherically Symmetric Solutions to Schrodinger's Equation for the Hydrogen Atom 525 B. Airy's Equation 526 C. Buckling of a Tower 526 D. Aging Spring and Bessel Functions 528
xx
Contents
CHAPTER
Homogeneous Linear Systems with Constant Coefficients Complex Eigenvalues 571 577 584
597 598
A. B. C. D.
Uncoupling Normal Systems 598 Matrix Laplace Transform Method 598 Undamped Second-Order Systems 600 Strange Behavior of Competing SpeciesPart II
601
CHAPTER
602
605
633
Contents
xx i
680
A. B. C. D.
Steady-State Temperature Distribution in a Circular Cylinder Laplace Transform Solution of the Wave Equation 681 Green's Function 682 Numerical Methodfor AM = / o n a Rectangle 684
680
APPENDICES A-1
A. B. C. D. Newton's Method A-1 Simpson's Rule A-3 Cramer's Rule A-5 Method of Least Squares
A-6 A-9