TYPES OF MATERIALS USED FOR CONDUCTORS

Silver is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47. A soft, 1. white, lustrous transition metal, it possesses the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Pure copper is soft and malleable; a freshly exposed surface has a reddish-orange color. Aluminum is a chemical element in the boron group with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery white, soft, ductile metal. Aluminum is the third most abundant element, and the most abundant metal, in the Earth's crust. Nickel is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile. Brass is an alloy made of copper and zinc; the proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to create a range of brasses with varying properties .By comparison, bronze is principally an alloy of copper and tin. Bronze does not necessarily contain tin, and a variety of alloys of copper, including alloys with arsenic, phosphorus, aluminum, manganese, and silicon, are commonly termed "bronze". Zinc, in commerce also spelter, is a metallic chemical element; it has the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is the first element of group 12 of the periodic table. Platinum is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Pt and an atomic number of 78.Its name is derived from the Spanish term platina, which is literally translated into "little silver". It 1. is a dense, malleable, ductile, precious, gray-white transition metal. Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is the most common element forming the planet Earth as a whole, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. Lead is a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft and malleable metal, which is regarded as a heavy metal and poor metal. Tin is a chemical element with symbol Sn and atomic number 50. It is a main group metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Tin shows chemical similarity to both neighboring group-14 elements, germanium and lead, and has two possible oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4. This silvery, malleable poor metal is not easily oxidized in air and is used to coat other metals to prevent corrosion.

TYPES OF MATERIALS USED FOR INSULATORS

Rubber- A tough elastic polymeric substance made from the latex of a tropical plant or synthetically. A yellowish, amorphous, elastic material obtained from the milky sap or latex of various tropical plants, especially the rubber tree, and vulcanized, pigmented, finished, and modified into products such as electric insulation, elastic bands and belts, tires, and containers. Porcelain A hard, white, translucent ceramic made by firing a pure clay and then glazing it with variously colored fusible materials; a ceramic material made by heating materials, generally including clay in the form of kaolin Varnish is a transparent, hard, protective finish or film primarily used in wood finishing but also for other materials. Varnish is traditionally a combination of a drying oil, a resin, and a thinner or solvent. Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism. It is the finest grained foliated metamorphic rock. Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid material that exhibits a glass transition, which is the reversible transition in amorphous materials (or in amorphous regions within semi crystalline materials) from a hard and relatively brittle state into a molten or rubber-like state. Glasses are typically brittle and can be optically transparent. Mica Any of a group of chemically and physically related aluminum silicate minerals, common in igneous and metamorphic rocks, characteristically splitting into flexible sheets used in insulation and electrical equipment. Latex An emulsion of rubber or plastic globules in water, used in paints, adhesives, and various synthetic rubber products. a whitish milky fluid containing protein, starch, alkaloids, etc., that is produced by many plants. Asbestos A heat-resistant fibrous silicate mineral that can be woven into fabrics, used in fireresistant and insulating materials. Paper is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibers, typically cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets. Oil An oil is any neutral, nonpolar chemical substance, that is a viscous liquid at ambient temperatures, and is immiscible with water but soluble in alcohols or ethers. Wax Any of various natural, oily or greasy heat-sensitive substances, consisting of hydrocarbons or esters of fatty acids that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. Thermoplastic is a polymer that becomes pliable or moldable above a specific temperature, and returns to a solid state upon cooling.