Aias 074561

AIA Technology in Architectural Practice
Building Information Model Awards 2005

Redevelopment of St Bartholomews and
The Royal London Hospitals
Contents
Image generated from BIM model, rendered in MAX and finished in Photoshop.
Page
Section 1 Introduction.................................................................................. 3
Section 2 Project Summary........................................................................ 4
Section 3 Awards Criteria.......................................................................... 6
Section 4 Building Information Model Approach................... 11

Section 5 St. Bartholomews Hospital.................................................. 37
Section 6 The Royal London Hospital................................................. 39
Section 7 Submitters Contact Details.................................................. 42
2
1 - Introduction
Elevation generated from the BIM
3
In February 2002 the United Kingdom National Health Service (NHS) solicited
proposals for the renovation and expansion of its Barts and The London campuses
including the demolition of substaitial existing structures, the renovation of 65,000m2
in 72 existing structures, and the construction of 165,000m2 of new facilities, and
the operation of both complexes for a period of 30 years.
A consortium led by the Skanska construction company and the Innisfree
infrastructure investment group was awarded a preferred bidder agreement in
2003 after a competitive process. HOK London, with support from other HOK
US offices, participated in this proposal, which included a complete architectural
schematic design package.
The detailed design effort began in Autumn 2003 and is expected to continue
through 2006/7, with construction expected to be completed in 2013. During this
period, and continuing for a total 38-year concession period the consortium will
also operate and maintain the facility.
The very large size and long duration of the Barts and London Trust (BLT) project
warrant a special effort in the planning of its CAD standards and procedures. In
addition, the project is well suited to be a demonstration of how the London office,
the Healthcare group, and HOK as a whole, advance their application of Building
Information Modeling.
2 - Project Summary
Shortly thereafter the complex multi-phase demolition/decanting/construction work
should start.
Size:
The Royal London Hospital site has 44 buildings with new build totalling 126,500m
2
(1,361,000 ft
2
) and 51,000m
2
(548,000 ft
2
) refurbishment.
The St Bartholomews Hospital site has 28 buildings with new build totaling 38,500m
2
(414,000 ft
2
) and 14,000m2 (150,000 ft
2
) of refurbishment.
Lead design, office:
HOK International, (European Region Headquarters) at 216 Oxford Street,
London W1C 1DB
Lead construction firm, office:
Skanska - Barts and The London , 120 Aldersgate Street,
London, EC1 4JQ
Design Phase Design Partners:
TB&A, DSSR, Skanska Technology and Yolles.
Construction Supply Chain Partners:
To be appointed by Skanska.
The proposals for the St Bartholomew and the Royal London Hospitals are inevitably
marked by superlatives this is the largest PFI procurement project in the UK, with
capital costs currently estimated in the regoin of 700 million.
As you will see in later sections of this document, we are not yet at working drawings
for the construction phase, but already the contribution made by our HOK team
is estimated at some 45 man-years. Our document control system Skandocs has
registered electronic file transfers between all the design professionals some 5000
times. We presently have around 50 members of our staff working on-site (actually
just off-site) in producing drawings and specifications.
Project name:
The name of the project is Barts and London Trust (cited as BLT). Barts, one of the
hospitals being redeveloped, is properly St Bartholomews Hospital. The London
is properly The Royal London Hospital. The Trust is The Barts and The London
NHS Trust, one of the public authorities which runs groups of hospitals (and other
healthcare facilities) within the UKs National Health Service (NHS).
Project/facility type:
The two sites are currently occupied by a mixture of general and specialist hospital
buildings, and specialist medical schools. When work is finished, that will continue to
be the case, but in a planned campus-style layout, with the division of the services
co-located more efficiently than has been possible in the present sites which date
from the mid 1700s with ad hoc additions and temporary structures over the
proceeding 300 years.
Location:
Barts Hospital is on the eastern edge of the City of London, very close to the Citys
financial district. The Royal London Hospital is further east, and in the borough of
Tower Hamlets.
The Royal London is also served by the London Emergency Air Ambulance service
helicopters. The new Royal London will retain the helicopter facility, with rooftop
landing pad.
Client:
HOKs client is Skanska Innisfree, and the ultimate user of the two campuses will be
the Barts and London NHS Trust. Skanska/Innisfree will construct and then operate
the complexes for 38 years. The NHS Trust will pay a unitary charge to Skanska
Innisfree during that time.
Date completed/occupied:
With planning consents now granted for both sites and The London Mayors Office
and the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE) signed-
off, the next stage (in progress now) is for the Skanska Innisfree consortium to
complete their financing package. That is expected to be completed in July 2005.
4
A development consortium provides the facility, having raised the finance, takes
on the financing and construction risks, leases the building to the occupier (here,
the Barts and Royal London NHS Trust), operates, maintains and facility-manages
the building for the occupier, and at the end of a prescribed period, transfers the
property to the occupier.
The objective of PFI is to transfer the financing of such buildings from the UK public
sector, and transfer the risks involved in constructing and running the building
(including cost and time overruns). The costs of it all are unitised over the prescribed
period.
The PFI consortium will be made up of a number of component companies (usually
it will always be construction and finance led - developer and financier/investor) who
have the inhouse skills or outside consultants to provide an integrated delivery to
the end-user
As Simon Hipperson, president of Skanska BOT (Build, Operate and Transfer) has
said: The consortium has taken the issues of design quality very seriously, and
in HOK we have a partner who will deliver a scheme truly worthy of the global
reputation of Skanska and The Barts and The London NHS Trust.
The structure of the PFI process directs that the Architects Client is the PFI
consortium and not the end user although the brief, design development and signoff
is as a result of direct interfacing with the Trust administrators and the clinicians.
The skill in managing the design process is to deliver an affordable design with low
maintenance using materials with efficient cost in use profiles which will satisfy the
clinical operating needs of a 21st century hospital
The project is made even more complex for the team by a requirement of The Trust
that the two existing hospital complexes and their services remain in operation
throughout demolition and construction.
There is, therefore, a complex plan of phasing which includes demolition, decanting
and construction throughout the project period.
The project has accommodation in excess of 160 departments, 900 in-patient beds
and 10,000 rooms with over 300,000 items of equpment that will be to be loaded
into the BIM.

The two existing hospital campuses are both part of the estate of The Barts and The
London NHS Trust, are both with historic properties at their core, with a long history
of being at the forefront of medical research, hospital practice and patient care. They
both serve dense urban areas to the east of the City of London, and are held in high
esteem by their local populations.
The local populations have a history of fighting any proposals which they perceive
might diminish local services, with active media support. Part of the development
proposals outlined in this submission has been to win over their support, and
the support of the many regulators which have become involved regulators of
architecture standards Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment and
the London Mayors Office, as well as the two local authorities which give or deny
planning consent.
As part of the local consultation process, a community helpline telephone system
was established, as well as regular newsletters for local residents and a website
(www.Bartsand thelondon.nhs.uk/newhospitals). The development consortium also
has a community relations manager and support staff, dedicated to the community
understanding the project.
In addition, the project has been subjected to regular interest from specialist
architectural and construction press, as the design has emerged, not least because of
the size and complexity of the project, the novelty and ongoing controversy of the
use of PFI to provide public facilities.
The route being used to procure the two new campuses requires some explanation.
The Private Finance Initiative, PFI, has been adopted by the UK government as a
preferred alternative for providing public facilities, like hospitals, government offices,
prisons and schools. PFI has now been in operation in the UK for about 10 years
2 - Project Summary
5
3 - Awards Criteria - Process Change
Elevation generated from the 3D BIM - linework for adjacent buildings drawn as 2D linework
6
Both process and cultural changes were needed in advance of utilising a BIM
approach; and working with the BIM has resulted in additional changes that were
not fully foreseen.
To begin with, an entirely new role, the BIM Specialist, has been added to the
project team. Such individuals are responsible for the integrity of the model, and
divide the work according to building systems (curtain wall, core, etc.) rather than
by sheet as in conventional drafting. These positions require staff who are relatively
knowledgeable about the construction of the building, as well as very capable in
using the software, skills which are not always easily found in the same person. On
the other hand, the need for pure drafting staff has been greatly reduced.
During the early phases of design, the team management was concerned about the
rate of progress of the work, and needed to be reassured that developing styles
and other background BIM activities was truly sufficient progress, since the usual 2D
drawings were not visibly underway. They also needed to be convinced that the
views that would ultimately be created would be sufficiently finished, again without
seeing the progress that they were accustomed to. As they experienced the results,
which were generated automatically from the model, they became much more
comfortable but needed to adjust their work planning to reflect the new way of
working.
The highly integrated nature of the model has required better coordination and
communication. Changes in the model often related to systems in the model, and
are often manifested in multiple drawing views. Of course this communication as the
design changes were occurring, negated the need for much of the redmarking and
drafting changes that would have been typical in a non-BIM project. (The approach
to achieving this team coordination is expanded in a section which follows.)
3 - Awards Criteria - Process Change
Photograph of Paul Jonker CAD/Database Coordinator
7
The architectural project managers were not fully prepared for some of the BIM-
related tasks. New issues, such as contractual commitments by consultants to
provide BIM model elements, procedures for studying interdisciplinary coordination
in a single model, planning for exchange and update of the model components, and
so on, have needed to be defined as they have arisen.
The need for database skills has greatly increased. The team is confronting new
concepts such as data normalisation and data integrity. It has become necessary
to develop an overall schema for the data components, and these are not tasks
that are normally associated with architectural practice.
Whatever the difficulties, there has been a very high level of employee satisfaction
with the process. HOK typically employs architecturally trained staff, even at the
junior levels, and their career development and level of personal interest is much
higher as a result of working on the BIM model, rather than doing the 2D drafting
that they would have done in the past.
3 - Awards Criteria - Benefits Achieved
Young architects working on BIM
8
One of the primary motivations for using a BIM approach was to reduce the effort
during the design phase by eliminating the 3D Studio models that would otherwise
need to be created in order to study the design. Certainly hundreds of hours have
been saved, especially considering the many design iterations that were needed as
the design progressed through the community review process. What is perhaps
more significant, however, has been the fact that the design model continues to
be available during production; a separate design-only model would normally be
abandoned at this point.
No truly quantifiable benefits of efficiency gained production are available because
of there is really no comparable project for comparison. There are, however, many
anecdotal examples that are compelling. Many of these have arisen from the
need to count building elements for costing and energy analysis, including room
areas, wall types and extents, doors, glass, and so on, which can be done almost
instantly, but which would have required many hours of tedious work without a
BIM. The integration with the medical planning team and the owners equipment
requirements would have been orders of magnitude more expensive without the
database automation.
In many cases the most impressive savings come from the high degree of accuracy
that the BIM provides. The contractual commitments that the consortium has made
are very specific, including all of the medical equipment, even at the design phase,
so any inaccuracy exposes the design team to a high degree of risk. Without a BIM
it is very difficult to measure or count with 100% accuracy and the effort required
to achieve the last 1% of accuracy is very expensive. With the BIM, these numbers
can be maintained accurately at all times.
3 - Awards Criteria - Effective Team Collabouration
Joao Paulo Cota Healthcare CAD Coordinator and Medical Planner
9
The start of the project coincided with a firmwide effort to promote collabouration
between the worldwide HOK offices in order to reduce costs and share expertise.
The team has been very effective in this respect, including healthcare and other
technical staff from many other HOK locations in other countries.
The current technology of BIM, however, has made it much more difficult to
accomplish this level of coordination through the virtual collabouration of people at
different locations, as is done with 2D drawing exchange. Although an elabourate,
and effective protocol makes it possible for the separate disciplines to issue and
receive building elements, it is much simpler to manage the architectural BIM model
if it is located on a single server.
For this, and other reasons, the client chose to locate the entire interdisciplinary
design team at a single new location. This has been very effective in terms of
promoting collabouration and has helped to build a positive team spirit, but has
come at the expense of having some members relocate, and has tended to isolate
the BIM experience from the rest of the office.
Several different technological approaches, including the use of the IFC exchange
format defined by the International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI) are being
explored. The most effective strategy to date has been to simply require that all of
the participants use ADT-based software. Although the ADT based model elements
are fully compatible, the ADT model is not always the best environment to study the
geometry. Particularly for interference checking, the Navisworks software has been
an effective way to coordinate the work from different models.
The Structural Engineers Skanska Technology and Yolles were soon to produce and
share their CSC 3D+ structural concrete and steelwork 3D object models that they
delivered translated to ADT. HOK created a customised application that would split
their single DWG file into separate floor levels and create DWG and XML files to
rapidly bring them across to the Architectural Design Team.
The medical team chose Codebook as the database tool to help them digest the
complex NHS Trust brief and provide a linkage to rooms produced in the CAD
drawings to allow room area information to be scheduled from ADT Area Objects
via the database. This link provided us with a mechanism to synchronise our CAD
drawings with the Codebook database, being able to push and pull centric data. This
Codebook hook with ADT required us to commission Autodesk and the Codebook
developers to create this new feature to the Codebook software which is now
available for other Architects and Medcial Planners in the Construction Industry to
use.
As this project moves towards the construction drawings phase we are looking at
enriching the objects like walls, doors, windows etc to embed them with Property
Set Data. HOK has created a customised link to the CAD drawings which pushes
the data to an access database without the need to open CAD drawings. This has had
the benefit of scheduling 95,000 database records in less than 2 minutes. This now
gives us the potential to reverse this and drive the drawings from the database.
Our object model has been issued to our Services consultants and they have for
produced daylighting studies utilising IES analysis software.
10
3 - Awards Criteria - Software Interoperability
4 - BIM Approach - Capability
ADT Project Navigation provides a good data structure for BIM
11
The approach to the structure of the BIM is very closely tied to the software design.
Autodesk Architectural Desktop (ADT) is fundamentally an enhanced version of
the non-object based AutoCAD software and achieves its BIM capability through a
carefully structured system of folders, files and xref relationships between the files.
Some of this structure is implicit in the software design, particularly the Project
Navigator functionality, but other aspects have been developed by HOK. The project
was fortuitous in that it provided an opportunity for HOK to develop Firmwide
BIM standards that are capable of handling a very complex project, since it can be
assumed that they will then be capable of handling simpler ones.
(Incidentally, the Firmwide HOK CAD group has defined good standards for this
approach and has committed to sharing them with an industry-wide BIM standard
effort.)
The file-based nature of ADT essentially creates containers of information that
are, in effect, the worksets of the team sharing the model. They can be joined
together and interact to some degree, but generally an individual works on one, and
only one, file at a given time.
This has led to a strategy of granularity that uses more, separate files, than are
strictly required, but permits very flexible patterns of working and encourages a
very structured approach to information management.
The folder and file structure is based on an ordered hierarchy:
Building: each building is a separate BIM.
Model Role: the model files are separated from the view and sheet files;
Discipline: each design discipline has separate files;
Level: the primary geometric division is by floor level;
Theme; within a level, building systems such as cores, stairs, shell, equipment,
and so on, are given their own drawing. Within views, the various kinds of
sheets utilise separate views.
This structure has not been as limiting as one might suppose. The majority of the
effort in a hospital can be associated with a floor level, so it is natural to want to
divide tasks up in this way anyway. The subdivisions by theme create a large number
of files in proportion to the number of people working on the project, which tends
to minimize the conflicts of more than one person wanting to use the same file at
the same time.
4 - BIM Approach - Overall Structure
12
The cross-referencing between the files (external reference or xref in AutoCAD)
is carefully controlled so that only the required model elements are included in each
view. This has greatly diminished the need for layers, and their function has been
restricted primarily to controlling graphic appearance. Since the layer settings are
almost entirely pre-defined by the ADT objects or the HOK menu customisations,
the team is generally unaware of the layers, and this once-contentious subject has
become much less of a topic of concern (much to everyones relief.)
The illustrations on the next five pages illustrate how this works in practice. The first
one on Page 14 illustrates the division of the model by component and shows that
an individual level is actually composed of several sub-files, which can be combined
temporarily while the model is being worked on, but included separately with
specific views.
The next illustration on Page 15 shows the division of the model by floor plates. This
subdivision of content make it possible to create special-purpose working views,
as shown on Page 16 that shows how a particular theme like a core or stair, for
example, spans across multiple levels.
The final illustration on Page 17 demonstrates the products that the Building
Information Model can produce.
The placement of the building skin in this system has been one of the most difficult
issues. The software supports two approaches: either a strip of the skin can be
created at each level, and stacked to create the whole building; or, a spanning
construct can be used to define it across several levels. Both approaches have their
merits, both in terms of how the software functions, and in terms of how the design
is understood; and both approaches have been used in the project. Uncertainty
about which approach to use has resulted in additional work to convert the skin
from one set of model elements to the other, and this issue is not fully resolved.
4 - BIM Approach - Data File Division
13
Structural Slabs
Filename: BNB-S-SL-04
Structural Columns & Core Walls
Filename: BNB-S-SL-04
Architectural Columns
Filename: BNB-A-CL-04
Architectural Cores
Filename: BNB-A-CO-04
Architectural Shell
Filename: BNB-A-SH-04
Clinical Fit-out
Filename: BNB-C-FP-04
4 - BIM Approach - Division of the Model by Component
14
Basement Level
Filename: BNB-A-FP-B1
Ground Level
Filename: BNB-A-FP-00
Level 5
Level 7
Roof Level
Filename: BNB-A-FP-RF
4 - BIM Approach - Division of the Model by Level
15
Structural Slabs
Filename: BNB-S-SL-3D-VW
Structural Columns, Cores & Piling
Filename: BNB-S-SL-3D-VW
Architectural Columns
Filename: BNB-A-CL-3D-VW
Architectural Cores
Filename: BNB-A-CO-3D-VW
Architectural Shell
Filename: BNB-A-SH-3D-VW
Clinical Fit-out
Filename: BNB-C-FP-3D-VW
4 - BIM Approach - Division of the Model by Theme
16
4 - BIM Approach - Products of the Model
17
Sections Design Studies
Plans
Analysis
The BIM Model
Elevations Studies
Visuals
Data
An important component of the BIM strategy is the distinction between elements
that are modelled in 3D, and elements that are drawn only in 2D. The use of 2D
is not viewed as a compromise, but as a feature of BIM that respects the history of
orthographic drawing as a means to architecture.
It has been important to draw that line carefully, however. Initially, the elevations
were based on a background derived from the model, but drawn as linework in
order to better control the placement of detail such as the joints in the curtain
wall. As the teams modelling skills have increased, however, they have been able
to use the live view of the model. Details will continue to be 2D since it is not
efficient to create detailed model elements that appear in relatively few locations in
the documents, and many details will be derived from the firms libraries and other
projects.
4 - BIM Approach - 2D and 3D Distinction
Section generated from our BIM with added people and linework to adjacent building
18
4 - BIM Approach - Elevations
Elevation generated from BIM Model that contains materials (trees, people, adjacent buildings, sky added in manually)
20
The 1:200 plans were used to establish the major functional areas and overall
programme compliance.
ADT area objects were linked to the CodeBook medical planning database through
some special utilities developed by the CodeBook developers. This allowed the
area object data to be synchronised with the external database and has made it
possible to continuously review the area totals.
The ADT display functionality makes it possible for the 1:200 views to utilise the
same model elements as the 1:50 plans but display in less detail. This avoids the
need to create separate drawings and reduces the clutter of the sheets.
4 - BIM Approach - 1:200 Process
1:200 plans containing Wall, Door and Area Objects created by our Medical Planners
21
The placement of non-graphic data is another important component of the BIM
design. The CodeBook medical planning software, for example, is organised to reduce
the amount of data that is stored in the drawings in favour of data in a separate, but
linked, database. This reflects an historical facility management approach that has
sought to minimise the need to use CAD where data is not geometric. It uses a
simple symbol in the CAD drawing to define location, but stores other equipment
attributes in tables of the database.
This is a very efficient approach for generating programme information and
reporting on costs, etc. It is also useful from a facility owners point of view, because
they are integrating that data with other enterprise databases for purchasing, asset
management, and so on.
However, this structure is somewhat at odds with the goal of the BIM functioning
as a repository for building information that exists over the life-cycle of the building.
The CodeBook software developers have worked with the team to integrate the
database with the ADT object property sets, however this has tended to create
duplicate information in both environments. This issue is not fully resolved and is
the subject of some current development. It will ultimately have to address the
long-term goals of the facility operators, which are still being defined.
HOK worked with Autodesk, Excitech and Codebook to develop a link from ADT
to Codebook utilising the Area Object, previously Codebook only recognised
the humble Polyline and we did not want to draw room boundaries twice. So
the customisation allowed us to use the Area objects to push the room area to
Codebook, meanwhile we are now able to pull data from the Codebook database
and attach it as Property Set Data to the area objects. Using this approach we can
display brief data into our drawings.
4 - BIM Approach - Database Relationships
22
DATABASE DRAWINGS
Views
Sheets
Elements
Constructs
Equipment
Equipment
Views\Q\Floors
LNB-Q-FP-01
1:50 Equipment
Sheets (Sketches)
Sheets\Q\Sketches
Equipment
Construct
BY DEPT.
Construct\Q\Floors
LNB-Q-FP-01-00_00-000
Notes:
How are Departments shown?
Room Types not consistently named
Door brief needs to be added to Codebook so that it shows up in RDS
BLT Codebook Relationships - Revision B 25 March 2005
Area
Tag
Views\C\Area Tag
LNB-C-AT-01
AreaAndTag
Construct
BY DEPT.
Construct\C\Floors
LNB-C-AT-01-00_00-000
Clinical Floor
Plan
Views\C\2 Floor Plans
LNB-C-FP-01
Clinical
1:200 Sheets
Sheets\C\2 Floor Plans
Clinical
Walls & Doors
Construct
Construct\C\Floors
LNB-C-FP-01
CODEBOOK
DATABASE
BRIEF
EQUIPMENT DESIGNED
EQUIPMENT BRIEF
TRUST BRIEF
Format?
SCHEDULE OF
ACCOMMODATION
BY HCP
Format?
BRIEF ROOM NAME/BRIEF AREA m2
DESIGN AREA m2
Site
Department Code
Department Name
Room Number
Room Types
(Unique to Dept)
TRUST SIGN OFF TRUST SIGN OFF TRUST SIGN OFF
ROOM DATA
SHEETS
ARCHITECTURAL
MEDICAL
ENVIRONMENT
M+E
DOORS DESIGNED
DOOR BRIEF DOOR BRIEF
COMPARISON
REPORTS
BRIEF V DESIGNED
DEPARTMENTS
ROOMS
EQUIPMENT
DOORS
MEDICAL
CONNECTIONS
(Each instance of
rooms are linked to
database using ADB)
SINGLE ISSUE ONLY
FREQUENT
UPDATES TO BRIEF
From Trust etc
MANUAL
UPDATE
CODEBOOK
REMOTE
BY OTHERS
SERVICES
UPDATE
UPDATE
At 1:50 scale, the plans show the actual equipment layouts, since this level of detail
has been included in the design package.
The CodeBook database is designed to allow the medical planners to define
equipment needs as a database activity, and allow the architecture team to place
the equipment on the plans through an automated process.
At this scale, the ADT display system was used to show more detail, but made use
of some common annotation, such as room names, for example.
4 - BIM Approach - Database Relationships
A small sample of Medical Equipment Loading utilising the Codebook Database
ADT
Clinical Rooms showing Required/Proposed Areas
Codebook/ADT
Equipment Loading from Codebook Database
Client
Room Equipment Requirement
Designed
Room Data Proposed
23
The details of the BIM implementation in ADT have formed the basis of a Firmwide
HOK standard for BIM. While these consist of fairly prosaic technical details about
file naming and the like, they actually define an organisation of information that is
much more profound.
Fundamentally, the BIM is used to produce documents, and the relationship between
the sheets of the document sets and the model elements is determined by the xref
relationships between the files. This is partially controlled by the software design,
but has also required a rigid standardization to be manageable. It has required some
effort and learning to create the granular division of the data into files, and the highly
structured reference relationships, but the resulted is a extremely versatile system
of information management.
Since this file organisation is thus truly a data organisation, and because the files
contain data and links to separate databases, the structure as a whole can be viewed
as a data schema. Although it has arisen in a somewhat ad-hoc way, and suffers
from some inherent ambiguities as a result, this schema is evolving into a very
comprehensive solution that includes all of the space and equipment information
for the hospital, as well as construction data on the building itself.
4 - BIM Approach - Firmwide Implementation
Example of Xref structure to generate our deliveravbles
CLINICAL ARCHITECTURE
Views
Sheets
Elements
`
CLINICAL EQUIPMENT ARCHITECTURAL
Architectural
Floor Plan (A)
Views\A\2 Floor Plans
LNB-A-FP-01-VW
Architectural
1:200 Sheets
Sheets\A\2 Floor Plans
??
Area
Tag
Views\C\Area Tag
LNB-C-AT-01
Equipment
Views\Q\Floors
LNB-Q-FP-01
1:50 Equipment
Sheets (Sketches)
Sheets\Q\Sketches
??
FIRE
Fire
Construct
Construct\F\Fire
LNB-A-FR-01
Fire
View
Views\F\2 Floor Plans
LNB-A-FR-01-VW
Fire Strategy
1:200 Sheets
Sheets\F\2 Floor Plans
??
Equipment
Construct
BY DEPT.
Construct\Q\Floors
LNB-Q-FP-01-00_00-000
Cores
..\A\Cores\LNB-A-CO-01
Shell
..\A\Cores\LNB-A-SH-01
.Columns
..\A\Columns\LNB-A-CL-01
Struc Columns
..\S\Columns\LNB-A-CL-01
AreaAndTag
Construct
BY DEPT.
Construct\C\Floors
LNB-C-AT-01-00_00-000
Clinical Floor
Plan
Views\C\2 Floor Plans
LNB-C-FP-01
Clinical
1:200 Sheets
Sheets\C\2 Floor Plans
??
Clinical
Walls & Doors
Construct
Construct\C\Floors
LNB-C-FP-01
DEPARTMENT
Department
Area
??
??
1:200 Department
Sheets
Sheets\?\??
??
Department
Area
Construct
Construct\C\Department
??
??
Clinical
Sign Off
??
??
Clinical Sign Off
1:200 Sheets
Sheets\?\??
??
Note: LNB First Floor Example used
Pre Financial Close XREF structure for LNB/BNB - Revision C 24 March 2005
Architectural
Floor Plan (C)
Views\A\2 Floor Plans_C
LNB-A-FPC01-VW
Clinical Floor
Plan (A)
Views\C\2 Floor Plans_A
LNB-C-FPA01
1:200 Equipment
Sheets
Sheets\Q\2 Floor Plans
??
25
HOK uses a standard folder structure for all project work and the BIM model is a
component within that. Because of the way ADT is organised, a separate folder tree
is used for each building. By HOK convention, internal paths are always relative so
the folder structure is not dependent on the server location.
Folder and file naming follows a rigid convention, based on the building location,
type of file, and so on, that guarantees unique file names and make it possible
to identify the general contents of each container of information by its name.
These conventions are somewhat arbitrary and anachronistic in terms of current
BIM theory and the capabilities of the ADT Project Navigator, but are useful for
managing data through the backdoor of the ADT interface.
The ability to manage data in this way is a significant aspect of ADT, as compared
with other BIM software. While somewhat old fashioned, and sometimes labour
intensive, it is very flexible. It also lends itself well to customization and HOK uses
a variety of specially written software (primarily VBA) for pushing information into
the ADT BIM environment.
4 - BIM Approach - Data Organisation
HOK CAD Standards have had a major revision to provide for BIM approach
26
Another important component of the folder and file structure is that it provides
a platform for synchronising the architectural BIM model with the models of
consultants and other members of the design team. This federation of purpose-
built models is necessary, given the state-of-the-art of the software industry, in
order to truly collabourate between disciplines.
It is generally not desirable that the disciplines, or even the various specialties within
HOK, view each others work live. Rather, each group publishes their parts of
the model according to a carefully controlled schedule, and then imports the
related components of the other parties. This distinction occurs both within the
local instance of the model on HOKs server, and between the distributed copies of
the model maintained by the different design organisations.
This structure can also accommodate alternatives and phasing. Through a system
of file naming the alternatives can be kept distinct from one another. They are
combined at the view level with the appropriate phase or alternative defined by the
xref pointer.
4 - BIM Approach - File Structure
27
The BIM is also used as a purely geometric 3D model for design study.
The most difficult task has been using the ADT model objects in a way that meets
the visualization needs of the designers. While it is fairly easy to create 3D views
in ADT that are adequate for in-house study, the very sensitive nature of the public
review required that fully rendered 3D Studio images be created as well. There is
quite a bit of art to this because the way in which the objects are created, in terms
of their geometry, layering, colours, materials, and so on, has a significant effect on
how easily they can be exported to 3D Studio. The organisation of the files has
been very beneficial in this respect, because it made it easier to limit the scope of
what was exported, which helped to reduce the size of the rendered models.
Having the BIM model has encouraged the use of more interesting design views. It
is much easier to create section-perspectives, for example, and these have proven
to be a very effective way to communicate.
The BIM model has also made it easier to create temporary views to enable study
of the design. As the building designers worked with the medical planners and the
client, it was often convenient to create a view of just the circulation elements, or to
cut a temporary section, for example.
4 - BIM Approach - Design Iteration
New proposal generated from BIM and rendered in 3D Studio and finished in Photoshop.
28
Hand Sketching
(As required)
ADT Sketching
(As required)
ADT Model
Full Modelling incl, Basic Materials
Viz Render
Quick Visaul Checks
3D Studio
Lights, Camera & Final Materials
Photoshop
Final Image Montage
4 - BIM Approach - Design/Modelling/Visualisation
The same ADT Obejects have been used for the final image allowing us
to draw 3D objects only once and reuse them
29
A major element of the design is a random-appearing patterned curtain wall that is
achieved with different kinds of glass. The specifics of this pattern were influenced
not only by the appearance of the building, but by the locations of interior walls,
which changed as the interior design evolved. The glass selection, in turn, affected
the cost and energy performance of the building. By maintaining the curtain wall as
objects, and scheduling the individual glass panes, it was possible to do this design
with immediate visualisation of the decisions, and quantitative feedback on the
results.
The ability to rapidly change complex Curtain Wall objects throughout 20 floor
levels coordinated on plans, sections, elevations and visualisation with individual
glazed panels identified enabled us to schedule 29,000 Curtain Wall Units on the
The Royal London Hospital with ease sufficient for us to verify Thermal Calculations
to comply with Part L2 of the UK Building Regulations as shown on Page 31.
4 - BIM Approach - Curtain Wall Design
Examples of ADT studies of Curtain Wall System
30
An early commitment by the structural engineers to use 3D-Plus software made it
easy to integrate structural elements into the model. This is because it uses ADT
objects for its model elements and so no translation was necessary.
Conceptually, it was agreed that the structural engineers own the structural
elements, and that the representation of structure in the architectural model is
based on a published copy of the structural model. This has been effective, and the
process of managing the concurrent models has worked very well.
There are some theoretical limitations to this approach however, since it is not
really possible in ADT to define an object, such as a wall, that contains elements
from two different models. Consequently, the architectural walls were generally not
defined to the component level, but simply represent a zone between two finished
surfaces. When the structural and architectural models are combined, the structural
elements appear to be contained within the architectural walls and horizontal slabs.
This is very effective for maintaining coordination, but less so for deriving detailed
section views from the model.
Accepting the principle that as Architect we show our own columns as finishes only
(the outer ring) we Xref the structure into our drawings so that the structure (the
inner ring) is displayed on our drawings at 1:50 scale.
4 - BIM Approach - Structural Integration
Structural model divided integrated into the Architectural design
34
The building systems engineers are not yet participating in the BIM model. This is
not from an unwillingness or lack of appreciation of the value, but because these
systems are being provided on a design-build basis.
Ultimately, the design of the ductwork and major equipment will be done in the
context of the supply chain (similar to shop drawings in the US.) It is hoped that
these entities will be able to utilise the BIM at that time.
The architectural team is exploring the idea of studying the space requirements
for this future design work by defining a building systems zone as a non-specific,
3D element, that defines the physical limits of the future work, and can be used for
interference checking in the current model.
4 - BIM Approach - Building Services
Our design studio at Skanska offices
35
The database potential of the BIM is only beginning to be realised but holds a great
deal of potential.
As described earlier, the fundamental organisation of the data has come from the
file organisation. This makes it slightly less usable until it is combined into a more
conventional database environment so it is typically exported to Microsoft Access
or Excel.
Currently, the team is developing custom applications to further access the data
at the object level and to automate the extraction process. In this way, the overall
organisation can be linked to a specific object type, such as a piece of equipment,
and attribute data of the object, such as its heat generation, to produce aggregate
data in terms of the BIM, such as cooling load by room. The initial focus of this effort
is to insure data integrity, since there is a large amount of complex requirements for
a hospital. In the next phases this capability will have to be made more adaptive,
since the equipment requirements of a hospital can change significantly during the
time it takes to design and construct the facility.
Ultimately, these tools will be used to force data into the BIM. This is being done for
the medical equipment with the CodeBook software but is not currently possible
with the other kinds of objects. The team foresees a need to do certain kinds
of data manipulation outside of the BIM and then update the model attributes.
This will help the facility operators to coordinate equipment data with their other
enterprise databases, for example.
4 - BIM Approach - Databases
Carla Spencer our Document Controller for revisable documents
36
7 - Submitters Contact Information
HOK International Limited
216 Oxford Street, London, W1C 1DB, United Kingdom
+44 (0) 207 636 2006
First contact miles.walker@hok.com
+(44)207 898 5182
Mario Guttman AIA CAD Director
Miles Walker MSc CAD Manager, Project CAD Manager
Rich Drozd AIA Director of Operations
Larry Malcic AIA Director of Design
Chuck Siconolfi AIA Director of Healthcare
Andrew Barraclough RIBA Project Director, Director of Public & Institutional
Elizabeth Niedzwiecki AIA Project Manager Healthcare
Jim Pennel Project Designer
They all can be contacted at HOK International, Oxford Street as above.
42
11 April 2005

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