List of amendments of the Constitution of India

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As of May 2013, there have been 98 amendments to the Constitution of India since it was first enacted in 1950.[1][2]

India

This article is part of the series:

Constitution of India Preamble PARTS Fundamental Rights PART I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX XXI XXII SCHEDULES First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Eleventh Twelfth APPENDICES I II III IV V AMENDMENTS List 1 10 38 39 42 Politics of India
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No.

Amendments

Enforced since

Objectives To fully secure the constitutional validity of zamindari abolition laws and to place reasonable restriction on freedom of speech. A new constitutional device, called Schedule 9 introduced to protect laws that are contrary to the Constitutionally guaranteed fundamental

Amend articles 15, 19, 85, 87, 174, 176, 341, 342, 372 and 376. Insert articles 31A and 31B. Insert schedule 9.[3]

18 June 1951

Insert schedule 9.[3]

the Constitutionally guaranteed fundamental rights. These laws encroach upon property rights, freedom of speech and equality before law 1 May 1953 A technical amendment to fix the size between 650,000 and 850,000 voters.

Amend article 81.[4]

Amend schedule 7.[5]

Limits maximum no of seats in lok sabha up to 500.States would be divided into constituencies 22 February such that one member of a constituency will 1955 represent not less than every 750000 people but not more than every 5000000 people. 27 April 1955 24 December 1955 11 September 1956 Restrictions on property rights and inclusion of related bills in Schedule 9 of the constitution Provide for a consultation mechanism with concerned states in matters relating to the amendments to the territorial matters and in the renaming of the state Amend the Union and State Lists with respect to raising of taxes

Amend articles 31, 35 band 305. Amend schedule 9.[6]

Amend article 3.[7]

Amend articles 269 and 286. Amend schedule 7.[8]

Amend articles 1, 49, 80, 81, 82, 131, 153, 158, 168, 170, 171, 216, 217, 220, 222, 224, 230, 231 and Reorganization of states on linguistic lines, 232. 1 November abolition of Class A, B, C, D states and Insert articles 258A, 290A, 298, 1956 introduction of Union Territories 350A, 350B, 371, 372A and 378A. Amend part 8. Amend schedules 1, 2, 4 and 7.[9] Amend article 334.[10] 5 January 1960 28 December 1960 11 August 1961 Clarify state's power of compulsory acquisition and requisitioning of private property and include Zamindari abolishion laws in Schedule 9 of the constitution Minor adjustments to territory of Indian Union consequent to agreement with Pakistan for settlement of disputes by demarcation of border villages, etc. Incorporation of Dadra, Nagar and Haveli as a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition from Portugal Election of Vice President by Electoral College consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament, instead of election by a Joint Sitting of Parliament. Indemnify the President and Vice President Election procedure from challenge on grounds of existence of any vacancies in the electoral college

Amend schedule 1.[11]

10

Amend article 240. Amend schedule 1.[12]

11

Amend articles 66 and

71.[13]

19 December 1961

12

Amend article 240. Amend schedule 1.[14] Amend part 21.[15] Amend articles 81 and 240. Insert article 239A. Amend schedules 1 and 4.[16] Amend articles 124, 128, 217, 222, 224, 226, 297, 311 and 316. Insert article 224A. Amend schedule 7.[17] Amend articles 19, 84 and 173. Amend schedule 3.[18] Amend article 31A. Amend schedule 9.[19] Amend article 3.[20]

20 December 1961

Incorporation of Goa, Daman and Diu as a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition from Portugal

13

1 December Formation of State of Nagaland, with special 1963 protection under Article 371A 28 December 1962 5 October 1963 Incorporation of Pondicherry into the Union of India and creation of Legislative Assemblies for Himachal Pradesh, Tripura, Manipur and Goa Raise retirement age of judges from 60 to 62 and other minor amendments for rationalizing interpretation of rules regarding judges etc. Make it obligatory for seekers of public office to swear their allegiance to the Indian Republic and prescribe the various obligtory templates To secure the constitutional validity of acquisition of Estates and place land acquisition laws in Schedule 9 of the constitution Technical Amendment to include Union Territories in Article 3 and hence permit reorganisation of Union Territories Abolish Election Tribunals and enable trial of election petitions by regular High Courts Indemnify & validate judgments, decrees, orders and sentences passed by judges and to validate the appointment, posting, promotion and transfer of judges barring a few who were not eligible for appointment under article 233. Amendment needed to overcome the effect of judgement invalidating appointments of certain judges in the state of Uttar Pradesh Include Sindhi as an Official Language Provision to form Autonomous states within the State of Assam Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 1980

14

15

16

5 October 1963 20 June 1964 27 August 1966 11 December 1966

17

18

19

Amend

article 324.[21]

20

Insert article 233A.[22]

22 December 1966

21 22

Amend schedule 8.[23] Amend article 275. Insert articles 244A and 371B.[24] Amend articles 330, 332, 333 and 334.[25] Amend articles 13 and 368.[26] Amend article 31.

10 April 1967 25 September 1969 23 January 1970

23 24 25

5 November Enable parliament to dilute fundamental rights 1971 through amendments to the constitution 20 April Restrict property rights and compensation in case

Insert article 31C.[27] 26 Amend article 366. Insert article 363A. Remove articles 291 and 362.[28] Amend articles 239A and 240. Insert articles 239B and 371C.[29] Insert article 312A. Remove article 314.[30] Amend schedule 9.[31] Amend article 133.[32]

1972 28 December 1971

the state takes over private property Abolition of privy purse paid to former rulers of princely states which were incorporated into the Indian Republic

27

Reorganization of Mizoram into a Union 15 February Territory with a legislature and council of 1972 ministers 29 August 1972 9 June 1972 Rationalize Civil Service rules to make it uniform across those appointed prior to Independence and post independence Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution

28 29 30

Change the basis for appeals in Supreme Court 27 February of India in case of Civil Suits from value criteria 1973 to one involving substantial question of law

31

Increase size of Parliament from 525 to 545 17 October seats. Increased seats going to the new states Amend articles 81, 330 and 332.[33] 1973 formed in North East India and minor adjustment consequent to 1971 Delimitation exercise Amend article 371. Insert articles 371D and 371E. Amend schedule 7.[34] Amend articles 101 and 190.[35] 1 July 1974 Protection of regional rights in Telengana and Andhra regions of State of Andhra Pradesh Prescribes procedure for resignation by members of parliament and state legislatures and the procedure for verification and acceptance of resignation by house speaker

32

33

19 May 1974

34

Amend schedule 9.[36] Amend articles 80 and 81. Insert article 2A. Insert schedule 10.[37] Amend articles 80 and 81. Insert article 371F. Remove article 2A. Amend schedules 1 and 4. Remove schedule 10.[38] Amend articles 239A and 240.[39]

7 September Place land reform acts and amendments to these 1974 act under Schedule 9 of the constitution 1 March 1975 Terms and Conditions for the Incorporation of Sikkim into the Union of India

35

36

26 April 1975

Formation of Sikkim as a State within the Indian Union

37 38

3 May 1975

Formation of Arunachal Pradesh legislative assembly Enhances the powers of President and Governors to pass ordinances Amendment designed to negate the judgement of Allahabad High Court invalidating Prime Minister

Amend articles 123, 213, 239B, 352, 1 August 1975 356, 359 and 360.[40] Amend articles 71 and 329.

10 August

39

Insert article 329A. Amend schedule 9.[41]

1975

Indira Gandhi's election to parliament. Amendment placed restrictions on judicial scrutiny of post of Prime Minister Enable Parliament to make laws with respect to Exclusive Economic Zone and vest the mineral wealth with Union of India Place land reform & other acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution

40

Amend article 297. Amend schedule 9.[42]

27 May 1976

41

Amend

article 316.[43]

Raise Retirement Age Limit of Chairmen and 7 September Members of Union and State Public 1976 Commissions from sixty to sixty two.

42

Amend articles 31, 31C, 39, 55, 74, 77, 81, 82, 83, 100, 102, 103, 105, 118, 145, 150, 166, 170, 172, 189, 191, 192, 194, 208, 217, 225, 226, 227, 228, 311, 312, 330, 352, 353, 356, 357, 358, 359, 366, 368 and 1 April 1977 371F. Insert articles 31D, 32A, 39A, 43A, 48A, 131A, 139A, 144A, 226A, 228A and 257A. Insert parts 4A and 14A. Amend schedule 7.[44] Amend articles 145, 226, 228 and 366. Remove articles 31D, 32A, 131A, 144A, 226A and 228A.[45] 13 April 1978

Amendment passed during internal emergency by Indira Gandhi. Provides for curtailment of fundamental rights, imposes fundamental duties and changes to the basic structure of the constitution by making India a "Socialist Secular" Republic

43

Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in the Country. Repeals some of the more 'Anti-Freedom' amendments enacted through Amendment Bill 42

44

Amend articles 19, 22, 30, 31A, 31C, 38, 71, 74, 77, 83, 103, 105, 123, 132, 133, 134, 139A, 150, 166, 172, 192, 194, 213, 217, 225, 226, 227, 239B, 329, 352, 356, 6 September 358, 359, 360 and 371F. 1979 Insert articles 134A and 361A. Remove articles 31, 257A and 329A. Amend part 12. Amend schedule 9.[46] Amend article 334.[47] 25 January 1980 2 February 1983 26 August 1984

Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in the Country. Provides for human rights safeguards and mechanisms to prevent abuse of executive and legislative authority. Annuls some Amendments enacted in Amendment Bill 42

45

Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 1990 Amendment to negate judicial pronouncements on scope and applicability on Sales Tax Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution

46 47

Amend articles 269, 286 and 366. Amend schedule 7.[48] Amend schedule 9.[49]

48 49

Amend article 356.[50] Amend article 244. Amend schedules 5 and 6.[51]

1 April 1985 11 September 1984 11 September 1984 16 June 1986 1 March 1985

Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to two years in the state of Punjab Recognize Tripura as a Tribal State and enable the creation of a Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council Technical Amendment to curtailment of Fundamental Rights as per Part III as prescribed in Article 33 to cover Security Personnel protecting property and communication infrastructure Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assemblies Anti Defection Law - Provide disqualification of members from parliament and assembly in case of defection from one party to other

50

Amend

article 33.[52]

51

Amend articles 330 and

332.[53]

52

Amend articles 101, 102, 190 and 191. Insert schedule 10.[54] Insert article 371G.[55] Amend articles 125 and 221. Amend schedule 2.[56] Insert article 371H.[57] Insert article 371I.[58] Amend article 332.[59]

53

20 February Special provision with respect to the State of 1987 Mizoram. Increase the salary of Chief Justice of India & other Judges and to provide for determining 1 April 1986 future increases without the need for constitutional amendment 20 February Special powers to Governor consequent to 1987 formation of state of Arunachal Pradesh 30 May 1987 21 September 1987 Transition provision to enable formation of state of Goa Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assemblies

54

55 56 57

58

Insert article 394A. Amend part 22.[60]

Provision to publish authentic Hindi translation of 9 December constitution as on date and provision to publish 1987 authentic Hindi translation of future amendments 30 March 1988 20 December 1988 28 March 1989 20 Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to three years in the state of Punjab, Articles 352 and Article 359A amended to permit imposing emergency in state of Punjab or in specific districts of the state of Punjab Profession Tax increased from a maximum of Rs. 250/- to a maximum of Rs. 2500/Reduce age for voting rights from 21 to 18 Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination

59

Amend article 356. Insert article 359A.[61]

60 61

Amend

article 276.[62]

Amend article 326.[63]

62

Amend article 334.[64] Amend article 356. Remove article 359A.[65] article 356.[66]

December 1989 6 January 1990 16 April 1990 12 March 1990 7 June 1990 4 October 1990 12 March 1991 1 February 1992 21 December 1991 31 August 1992

of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 2000 Emergency powers applicable to State of Punjab, accorded in Article 359A as per amendment 59 repealed Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to three years and six months in the state of Punjab National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes formed and its stututory powers specifed in The Constitution. Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to four years in the state of Punjab Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to five years in the state of Punjab To provide for a legislative assembly and council of ministers for Federal National Capital of Delhi. Delhi continues to be a Union Territory Include National Capital of Delhi and Union Territory of Pondicherry in electoral college for Presidential Election Include Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali as Official Languages

63

64

Amend

65 66 67 68 69

Amend

article 338.[67]

Amend schedule 9.[68] Amend article 356.[69] Amend article 356.[70] Insert articles 239AA and 239AB.[71]

70

Amend articles 54 and

239AA.[72]

71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78

Amend schedule 8.[73] Amend article 332.[74] Insert part 9.[75] Insert part 9A.[76] Amend article 323B.[77] Amend schedule 9.[78]

5 December Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in 1992 Tripura State Legislative Assembly 24 April 1993 Statutory provisions for Panchyat Raj as third level of administration in villages

Statutory provisions for Local Administrative 1 June 1993 bodies as third level of administration in urban areas such as towns and cities 15 May 1994 31 August 1994 17 June 1995 30 August 1995 Provisions for setting up Rent Control Tribunals Enable continuance of 69% reservation in Tamil Nadu by including the relevant Tamil Nadu Act under 9th Schedule of the constitution A technical amendment to protect reservation to SC/ST Employees in promotions Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution

Amend article 16.[79] Amend schedule 9.[80]

79

Amend article 334.[81]

25 January 2000

Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 2010

80

Amend articles 269 and 270. Remove article 272.[82] Amend article 16.[83] Amend article 335.[84]

Implement Tenth Finance Commission recommendation to simplify the tax structures by 9 June 2000 pooling and sharing all taxes between states and The Centre 9 June 2000 Protect SC / ST reservation in filling backlog of vacancies

81 82 83

Permit relaxation of qualifying marks and other 8 September criteria in reservation in promotion for SC / ST 2000 candidates 8 September Exempt Arunachal Pradesh from reservation for 2000 Scheduled Castes in Panchayati Raj institutions

Amend article 243M.[85]

84

Amend articles 55, 81, 82, 170, 330 21 February Extend the usage of 1991 national census and 332.[86] population figures for statewise distribution of 2002 parliamentary seats Amend article 16.[87] Amend articles 45 and 51A. Insert article 21A.[88] Amend articles 81, 82, 170 and 330.[89] Amend article 270. Insert article 268A. Amend schedule 7.[90] Amend article 338. Insert article 338A.[91] 4 January 2002 12 December 2002 22 June 2003 15 January 2004 28 September 2003 28 September 2003 1 January 2004 7 January 2004 20 January A technical amendment to protect seniority in case of promotions of SC/ST Employees Provides Right to Education until the age of fourteen and Early childhood care until the age of six Extend the usage of 2001 national census population figures for statewise distribution of parliamentary seats To extend statutory cover for levy and utilization of Service Tax The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was bifurcated into The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes Reservation in Assam Assembly relating to Bodoland Territory Area Restrict the size of council of ministers to 15% of legislative members & to strengthen Anti Defection laws Enable Levy of Service Tax & Include Bodo, Dogri, Santali and Maithali as Official Languages To enable provision of reservation for other backward classes (O.B.C.) in government as

85 86

87

88

89

90

Amend

article 332.[92]

91

Amend articles 75 and 164. Insert article 361B. Amend schedule 10.[93] Amend article 270. Insert article 268A. Amend schedules 7 and 8.[94] Amend article 15.[95]

92

93

2006 94 95 Amend article 164.[96] Amend article 334.[97] 12 June 2006 25 January 2010 23 September 2011

well as private educational institutions To provide for a Minister of Tribal Welfare in newly created Jharkand and Chattisgarh States To extend the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha and states assemblies from Sixty years to Seventy years Substituted "Odia" for "Oriya" Added the words "or co-operative societies" after the word "or unions" in Article 19(l)(c) and insertion of article 43B i.e., Promotion of Cooperative Societies and added Part-IXB i.e., The Co-operative Societies.

96

Amend

schedule 8.[98]

97

Amend Art 19 and added Part IXB.[99]

12 January 2012

The amendment objective is to encourage economic activities of cooperatives which in turn help progress of rural India. It is expected to not only ensure autonomous and democratic functioning of cooperatives, but also the accountability of the management to the members and other stakeholders.[100] To empower the Governor of Karnataka to take steps to develop the Hyderabad-Karnataka Region.[2]

98

To insert Article 371J in the Constitution[2]

2 January 2013

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66. ^ "Sixty Fourth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend64.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 67. ^ "Sixty Fifth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend65.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 68. ^ "Sixty Sixth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend66.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 69. ^ "Sixty Seventh Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend67.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 70. ^ "Sixty Eighth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend68.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 71. ^ "Sixty Ninth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend69.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 72. ^ "Seventieth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend70.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 73. ^ "Seventy First Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend71.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 74. ^ "Seventy Second Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend72.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 75. ^ "Seventy Third Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend73.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 76. ^ "Seventy Fourth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend74.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 77. ^ "Seventy Fifth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend75.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 78. ^ "Seventy Sixth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend76.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 79. ^ "Seventy Seventh Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend77.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 80. ^ "Seventy Eighth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend78.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 81. ^ "Seventy Ninth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend79.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. 199910-21. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 82. ^ "Eightieth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend80.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 83. ^ "Eighty First Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend81.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. 1997-0829. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 84. ^ "Eighty Second Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend82.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 85. ^ "Eighty Third Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend83.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 86. ^ "Eighty Fourth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend84.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 87. ^ "Eighty Fifth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend85.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. 2002-0104. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 88. ^ "Eighty Sixth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend86.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. 2002-1212. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 89. ^ "Eighty Seventh Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend87.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 90. ^ "Eighty Eighth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend88.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. 2004-0115. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 91. ^ "Eighty Ninth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend89.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. 2003-0928. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 92. ^ "Ninetieth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend90.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. 2004-09-28. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 93. ^ "Ninety First Amendment (pdf)" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend91.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved 201111-19. 94. ^ "Ninety Second Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend92.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. 2004-

94. ^ "Ninety Second Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend92.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. 200401-07. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 95. ^ "Ninety Third Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend93.htm). Indiacode.nic.in. 2006-0120. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 96. ^ "Ninety Fourth Amendment (pdf)" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend94.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved 2011-11-19. 97. ^ "Ninety Fifth Amendment (pdf)" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend95.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved 201112-27. 98. ^ "Ninety Sixth Amendment (pdf)" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend96.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved 2011-12-27. 99. ^ "Ninety Seventh Amendment (pdf)" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend97.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved 2011-12-27. 100. ^ "Ninety Seventh Amendment (PIB)" (http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=81715).

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