Computer System & Application DNRPAR CC/29/014/13

PRINTER AND NETWORK (Assignment 4)

1. List down the types of printer and explain briefly. Dot Matrix Printer- A type of impact printer that produces characters and illustrations by striking pins against an ink ribbon to print closely spaced dots in the appropriate shape. Dot-matrix printers are relatively expensive and do not produce high-quality output. However, they can print to multi-page forms (that is, carbon copies), something laser and ink-jet printers cannot do.

Ink-jet Printer- A type of printer that works by spraying ionized ink at a sheet of paper. Magnetized plates in the ink's path direct the ink onto the paper in the desired shapes. Ink-jet printers are capable of producing high quality print approaching that produced by laser printers. A typical ink-jet printer provides a resolution of 600 dots per inch, although some newer models offer higher resolutions.

Laser Printer- A type of printer that utilizes a laser beam to produce an image on a drum. The light of the laser alters the electrical charge on the drum wherever it hits. The drum is then rolled through a reservoir of toner, which is picked up by the charged portions of the drum. Finally, the toner is transferred to the paper through a combination of heat and pressure. This is also the way copy machines work.

Plotter- A large device use to print large posters and documents

2.

What are stages we need to know when troubleshooting laser printer? Answer:

Identify the printing process where the problem occur Check to see if the printer will print a test page If the above step works, you know the problem lies somewhere in the communication between Wintix and your printer.

If it does not pass the test, some possible problems are: You may not have paper in your printer in the proper position. The cable may not be a good cable. The cable may not be solidly plugged in at both ends. You may have a bad printer port. The printer driver may be wrong. With a new operating system, it

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If the printer does pass this test, you now know the problem lies in theability of Wintix specifically to communicate with your printer and not with communication between your computer and the printer in general.

3. Why we are still using DOT Matrix Printer? Answer: The ability of the Carbon Copy of the same document can be made.

4.

What types of ports or interface used to connect our printer and PC?

USB

RJ45

6 pin Firewire port

Parallel IEEE 1284

Parallel Port Centronics

5.

What is PRINT Server? Answer: A print server is a software application, network device or computer that manages print requests and makes printer queue status information available to end users and network administrators. Print servers are used in both large enterprise and small or home office (SOHO ) network.

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6. What is computer network? Answer: A series of computer connected to each other by cables or network in order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams.

7.

Why using computer network (advantages). Also explain the disadvantages. Advantages of Computer Networks RESOURCE SHARING. The aim is to make all programs, data and peripherals available to anyone on the network irrespective of the physical location of the resources and the user. RELIABILITY. A file can have copies on two or three different machines, so if one of them is unavailable (hardware crash), the other copies could be used. For military, banking, air reservation and many other applications it is of great importance. COST FACTOR. Personal computers have better price/performance ratio than micro computers. So it is better to have PC's, one per user, with data stored on one shared file server machine. COMMUNICATION MEDIUM. Using a network, it is possible for managers working far apart, to prepare financial report of the company. The changes at one end can be immediately noticed at another and hence it speeds up co-operation among them.

Disadvantages of Computer Networks Security Issues: One of the major drawbacks of computer networks is the security issues involved. If a computer is a standalone, physical access becomes necessary for any kind of data theft. However, if a computer is on a network, a computer hacker can get unauthorized access by using different tools. In case of big organizations, various network security software is used to prevent the theft of any confidential and classified data. Rapid Spread of Computer Viruses: If any computer system in a network gets affected by computer virus, there is a possible threat of other systems getting affected too. Viruses get spread on a network easily because of the interconnectivity of workstations. Such spread can be dangerous if the computers have important database which can get corrupted by the virus.

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Expensive Set Up: The initial set up cost of a computer network can be high depending on the number of computers to be connected. Costly devices like routers, switches, hubs, etc., can add up to the bills of a person trying to install a computer network. He will also have to buy NICs (Network Interface Cards) for each of the workstations, in case they are not inbuilt. Dependency on the Main File Server: In case the main File Server of a computer network breaks down, the system becomes useless. In case of big networks, the File Server should be a powerful computer, which often makes it expensive.Explain what is Peer to Peer and Server Based (client server) network. Peer to Peer In a peer-to-peer network a group of computers is connected together so that users can share resources and information. There is no central location for authenticating users, storing files, or accessing resources. This means that users must remember which computers in the workgroup have the shared resource or information that they want to access. It also means that users must log on to each computer to access the shared resources on that computer. In most peer-to-peer networks, it is difficult for users to track where information is located because data is generally stored on multiple computers. This makes it difficult to back up critical business information, and it often results in small businesses not completing backups. Often, there are multiple versions of the same file on different computers in the workgroup.

Server-based network In a server-based network, the server is the central location where users share and access network resources. This dedicated computer controls the level of access that users have to shared resources. Shared data is in one location, making it easy to back up critical business information. Each computer that connects to the network is called a client computer. In a server-based network, users have one user account and password to log on to the server and to access shared resources. Server operating systems are designed to handle the load when multiple client computers access server-based resources. 8. List down the operating system that uses peer or server based network. Answer: Peer based network uses Windows 98 or Windows XP. Server based network uses Network Operating System. Explain briefly 5 different services used in computer network. a. Marketing and Sales

9.

Computer networks are used extensively in both marketing and sales organizations. Marketing professionals use them to collect, exchange, and analyze data relating to customer needs and product development cycles. Sales applications include teleshopping, which uses order-entry computers or telephones connected to an order-processing network, and on-line reservation services for hotels, airlines, and so on.

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b. Financial Services Today's financial services are totally dependent on computer networks. Applications include credit history searches, foreign exchange and investment services, and electronic funds transfer (EFT), which allows a user, to transfer money without going into a bank (an automated teller machine is a kind of electronic funds transfer; automatic paycheck deposit is another). c. Manufacturing

Computer networks are used today in, many aspects of manufacturing, including the manufacturing process itself. Two applications that uses network to provide essential services are computer-assisted design (CAD) and computer-assisted manufacturing (CAM), both of which allow multiple users to work on a project simultaneously.

d. Electronic Messaging Example: Email

e. Teleconferencing Teleconferencing allows conferences to occur without the participants being in the same place. Applications include simple text conferencing (where participants communicate through their keyboards and computer monitors). Voice conferencing (where participants at a number of locations communicate simultaneously over the phone) and video conferencing (where participants can see as well as talk to one another).

10. What do we need if we want to setup small LAN. Answer: Server, Workstations and Connectivity.

11. List down the network topology. Explain the advantages and disadvantages. 1) Star Topology Advantage: Easy to add new stations Disadvantages: Central node may get congested with network traffic 2) Ring Topology Advantage: Additional components do not affect the performance of network. Disadvantage: Network is highly dependent on the wire which connects different components 3) Bus Topology Advantage = Easy to add new stations Disadvantage = Each node may have to compete with each other in order to transmit and receive data

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4) Mesh Topology Advantage = A node failure has no effect on the rest of the network Disadvantage = Expensive to set up with a lot of cabling

12. List down the networking devices used to create LAN and WAN. Router, Hub, Switch, Gateway, Repeater and LAN Cards are use to create LAN. Routers , ISDN Adaptors, CSU/DSU, Bridges, Modems and Brouter are used to create WAN.

13. What media and connector used in BUS, STAR and RING topology? A bus topology features all networked nodes interconnected peer-to-peer using a single, open ended cable. These ends must be terminated with a resistive load--that is, terminating resistors. This singe cable can support only a single channel. The cable is called the bus. Star topology LANs have connections to networked devices that radiate out from a common point--that is, the hub. Unlike ring topologies, physical or virtual, each networked device in a star topology can access the media independently. The ring topology started out as a simple peer-to-peer LAN topology. Each networked workstation had two connections: one to each of its nearest neighbors. The interconnection had to form a physical loop, or ring. Data was transmitted unidirectional around the ring. Each workstation acted as a repeater, accepting and responding to packets addressed to it, and forwarding on the other packets to the next workstation "downstream." 14. What does it means by attenuation? How to reduce these effects? Attenuation is the gradual loss in signal power. Attenuation affects the propagation of waves and signals in electrical circuits, in optical fibers, as well as in air. The signal to noise ration must be at maximum in order to reduce attenuation 15. List down the bandwidth for all the topology in LAN. Star topology-100Mbps, Bus topology-75Gbps, Ring topology-75Gbps

16. What is simplex, Half and Full Duplex. Simplex refers to communication that occurs in one direction only. A half-duplex system provides for communication in both directions, but only one direction at a time (not simultaneously). Typically, once a party begins receiving a signal, it must wait for the transmitter to stop transmitting, before replying. A full-duplex, or sometimes double-duplex system, allows communication in both directions, and, unlike halfduplex, allows this to happen simultaneously.