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Tuesday,April17th,2012
AlanD.Hatfield,P.E.
BraemarTechnicalServices(Engineering)Inc.
9225KatyFreeway,Suite307 Houston,Texas77024 (713)4676713
WhatisLiquefiedNaturalGas(LNG)?
LiquefiedNaturalGas(LNG)isaclear,
LNGProperties&FirstPrinciples
NaturalgasandLNGareprimarily:
Methane Ethane Propane
H H
CH4 C2 H 6 C3 H 8
C
H
WhyLNG?
LNGHandling
ProduceLNGfrompipelinenaturalgasby
LNGSafetyRecordHistory
Notnew notunfamiliar
1959 FirstLNGshipbuilt 1965 Firstpeakshavingplant(therearenowover90large utilityandbaseloadLNGfacilitiesinNorthAmerica) 1966 FirstLNGvehicle 1968 FirstimportsintoNorthAmerica 1969 FirstexportsfromNorthAmerica 1971 FirstimportterminalinNorthAmerica,Boston(now 9facilities)
Noreleasefromastoragetank Noreleasefromacargotank
LNGSafetyFundamentals
Asaliquid,LNGisnotflammable. Ignitionandburningrequiresvaporizationandmixture withoxygen(air). LNGvaporisflammable.Thetemperaturenecessary toignitenaturalgasisabout540C.Gasolinerequires only230C. Burningisnotsustainableoutsidetheflammability limits(5%to15%air,above15%thereisnotenough air.Below5%thereisnotenoughfuel.) LNGproducesalazyflame whichburnsmorelikea candleandnotlikegasoline. AnLNGvaporcloudintheatmospherewillnot explode,unlikepropane. LNGisnotshippedorstoredunderhighpressure. LNGisstoredat1620Catlowpressure.
SafetyRegulations
EnvironmentalBenefitsofLNG
Air Emissions for LNG Compared to Diesel* 100% Reduction in Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Up to 97 % Reduction in Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) 50% Reduction in Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 91% Reduction of Carbon Monoxide (CO) 89% Reduction in Particulate Matter (PM) 50% Reduction In Volatile Organic Hydrocarbon (VOC)
*USDepartmentofEnergy
LNGUses:Overview
Storage Inventoryfortransportationlogistics Inventoryforshorttermdemandvariation Inventoryforseasonalloads Allowsforrapidwithdrawal Transportation Truck Ship Rail Barge/smallship DisplaceTraditionalGasoline,DieselandPropane PowerGeneration NaturalGasDistribution VehicleFuel
NaturalGasSupplyChain
NaturalGas Production &Treatment
ComponentstobeDeveloped
NaturalGas Liquefaction
LNGRoad Transportation
SmallPackagedLNGLiquefaction
Utilities
1. Scalable Off the Shelf Technology 2. No Venting or Flaring of Natural Gas During Normal Operations.
NaturalGasSupplyChain
4,100kmLNGsupplychain onewaydrivingdistance
Driving Distances To Potential LNG Receiving Locations From Potential Supply Locations
WatsonLake
513 894 1298
Wolverine
695 1138 1080
Inuvik
Selwyn
1193 1536 1230
LNGReceiving
HistoricalComparison
FuelVolumeComparisononaBTUBasis
DeliveredCostofLNG?
HypotheticalCostsofLNGSupplyChainvs Diesel
$18.00
Questions?
LNGfortheMiningSector ANewEnergyOptionforYukon
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ThankYou!
AlanD.Hatfield
BraemarTechnicalServices(Engineering)Inc.
9225KatyFreeway,Suite307 Houston,Texas77024 (713)4676713