The Power of Print

Malissa Smith | VIAR 346 | Spring 2012

Contents

I. Type / Color
05 Typeface vs. Font 05 Type Classifications 06 Measuring Type 07 Methods of Typesetting 08 Mechanicals 08 Overlays 08 Keying 08 Galley Proof 09 PMS Color 10 CMYK 10 CMYK / Flat Color 11 Process Color

II. Print Production

12 Modern / Pre-Computer Production 13 Printing Methods / Uses 15 Halftone 15 Duotone / Fake Duotone 15 Continuous Tone 16 Surprinting 16 Dropout Type / Reverse Type 17 Line Copy / Continuous-Tone Copy 17 Bleed 18 Stripping 18 Tints 18 Moire Pattern 18 Sheet-fed Press / Web-fed Press

III. Paper
19 Basics of Paper 20 Embossing 20 Engraving 21 Foil Stamping 21 Die Cutting 21 Thermography 22 Binding Methods 23 Envelopes 24 Folds 25 Index 26 Sources

Typeface / Font
The terms typeface and font are commonly confused with one another and often misused by designers. A typeface is a type family, created by a designer, which contains different fonts. Therefore, a font is just a member of that typeface. For example, Helvetica is a typface; Helvetica Bold is a font. Although a typeface and a font may look like the same thing on paper or a screen, they are totally separate principles. A typeface defines the entire family of type, while a font describes its individual characteristics.

SOURCE: WWW.AIGA.ORG, Theyre Not Fonts!

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Points

Measuring Type

Pica: A unit of type size equal to 12 points. Picas are used for measuring column width and depth, and margins. Point: A point is the smallest unit of measurement. Type and leading are measured in points, with 12 points to a pica, and 72 points to an inch. Em Quad: An em is a unit of measurement that is equal to the width of a capital M of the typeface. En Quad: An en is a unit of measurement that is equal to the width of a capital N in the point size of the font being used at the time. 12/14: In typesetting, 12/14 means that a 12-point typeface is set at 14-point leading.

Example:

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Picas

SOURCE: Thinking With Type, Ellen Lupton

SOURCE: Getting It Printed, Eric Kenly and Marc Beach

Mechanical
A mechanical is an assembly of type, graphics, and other copy, placed on a mounting board by the designer, with overlays made of tissue or acetate. Overlays are required if the mechanial is in color.

Galley Proof
A galley proof is the first version of a publication, which is created for proofreading and editing purposes.

Keying
Keying means to relate loose pieces of copy with their given positions on a mechanical through use of a system of numbers or letters.
SOURCE: Getting It Printed, Eric Kenly and Marc Beach

PMS Color
SOURCES: Getting It Printed, Eric Kenly and Marc Beach / WWW.PANTONE.COM, What We do

The Pantone Matching System (PMS) was created by Lawrence Herbert in 1963, to solve problems associated with producing accurate color matching in the graphic design community.

However, PMS is not the correct technical term for the colors in the system; the proper trade name for the colors in the Pantone Matching System is Pantone colors, not PMS colors.

CMYK / Flat Color

CMYK printing is created using dot patterns consisting of four colors: cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. Combined, these dot patterns simulate the desired hue. This printing is used for print, reproducing photographs, illustrations, and other continuous-tone copy. Flat color printing, however, is created by printing only one ink (also called spot color). This requires blending different colorants into one colorant, which results in the desired hue.

PMS Flat Color

Process Color

CMYK Process Color

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SOURCES: Getting It Printed, Eric Kenly and Marc Beach

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SOURCES: Getting It Printed, Eric Kenly and Marc Beach

Modern vs.Pre-Computer Production Methods

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this will be the fold-out section

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SOURCES: Getting It Printed, Eric Kenly and Marc Beach

back of fold-out section

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Halftone
A Halftone consists of thousands of tiny dots that create an illusion of continuous tonal gradations.

Continuous Tone
Occurs when a range of shades in a photograph or illustration is not made up of dots.

Fake Duotone
A fake duotone is a halftone in one ink color, which is then printed over a screen tint of a second ink color.

Duotone
SOURCES: Getting It Printed, Eric Kenly and Marc Beach

Duotones are created using halftones to expand the tonal range, or to give the photograph or illustration a special effect.

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Dropout Type
Dropout type occurs when halftone dots or fine lines are eliminated from highlights in the image.

Reverse Type
Type, graphics, or illustrations that are reproduced by printing ink around its outline, which allows the underlying color or paper to show through.

Surprinting
To overprint onto something that has already been printed.
SOURCES: Getting It Printed, Eric Kenly and Marc Beach

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Line Copy / Continuous-Tone Copy

Line copy is any image or type with a high-contrast and not much detail. Line copy and continuous-tone copy differ in that a continuous-tone can show more details in an image, whereas a line copy is a basic black and white image made of lines, with no shades of grey to imply shadows or shading.

Continuous-Tone Copy

Line Copy

Bleed
SOURCES: Getting It Printed, Eric Kenly and Marc Beach

A bleed is when printing extends to the edge of a sheet or page after it has been trimmed.

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Brochure about: Stripping Tint Sheet fed/Web fed presses Moire Pattern (example)

Moire Pattern: A moire pattern is an undesirable result of duotones, separations, and overlapping screen tints are placed incorrectly in relation to each other.

SOURCES: Getting It Printed, Eric Kenly and Marc Beach

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SOURCES: Getting It Printed, Eric Kenly and Marc Beach / WWW.NEENAHPAPER.COM

Paper

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Printed Emboss
Impressions are made by registering the dies precisely with a printed image. Embossing gives dimension to paper, and is commonly found on stationery, cards, and invitations.

Blind Emboss
Impressions that are made without having to register over a previously printed image. Blind embossing generally costs less than printed embossing, because the dies do not need to be registered precisely with another image.

Steel-Die Engraving
A metal plate, in which the image is engraved, is first covered with ink and then wiped clean. A press then forces the paper into the inked recesses, which then transfers the image on to the surface of the paper. Engraving is used for printing currency and stock certificates.
SOURCES: Getting It Printed, Eric Kenly and Marc Beach

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Foil Stamping
Hot dies with raised images press a thin plastic film containing colored pigments against the paper. The pigments transfer from backing film to the paper, bonding under heat and pressure.

Die-Cut
A die-cut is a shape that is cut from paper using dies. Dies are soft metal strips molded into the desired shape. The metal strips are pressed into the paper, which then cuts out the desired shape. Die cutting is done on a letterpress, and is used to make irregular shapes, like pocket flaps and folder flaps.

Thermography
SOURCES: Getting It Printed, Eric Kenly and Marc Beach

A colorless resin powder used in printing, which takes on the color of the ink underneath it and gives the printed area a subtle raised texture. Thermography is generally found on business cards, letterheads, invitations, and greeting cards.

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Side Stitch
In a side-stitched publication, the cover and the pages are assembled into a stack and then wire stitched or stapled at the bound edge.

Saddle Wire Stitch

In a saddle wire stitch, the cover and individual pages are placed one within the other and hung over a chain, or saddle. The covers and pages are scored, folded, and stapled at the center of the spine.

Scoring
Scoring is to crease a document with a hard-edged tool so that it folds easily.

SOURCES: Getting It Printed, Eric Kenly and Marc Beach

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SOURCES: Forms, Folds, and Sizes, Poppy Evans

Envelopes

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Acordion Fold
This is a six-page fold; one fold bends in the opposite direction of the other, which results in six panels or pages.

Barrel Fold
The outer edges of each panel are folded in towards the other. This is a six-page fold.

8-Page Gate Fold Parallel Fold

This is an eight-page fold, consisting of a combination of a barrel fold and an accordion fold. This is a barrel fold with an additional fold in the center.

4-Page Simple Fold

One fold is made along the length of the paper (long or short). Yields four panels or pages.

SOURCES: Forms, Folds, and Sizes, Poppy Evans

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Index
Binding Saddle Wire Stitch, 22 Side Stitch, 22 Bleed, 17 Bulk, 19 CMYK, 10 Color, 19 Continuous Tone, 15 Continuous Tone Copy, 17 Die Cut, 21 Dropout Type, 16 Duotone, 15 Embossing Blind, 20 Printed, 20 Em-Quad, 6 Engraving Steel-die, 20 Envelopes Announcement, 23 Baronial, 23 Coin, 23 Commercial, 23 En-Quad, 6 Fake Duotone, 15 Finish, 19 Flat Color, 10 Flexography, 14 Foil Stamping, 21 Folds Accordion Fold, 24 Barrel Fold, 24 4-Page Simple Fold, 24 8-Page Gate Fold, 24 Font, 5 Four Color Process See CMYK Galley Proof, 8 Grain, 19 Gravure Printing, 14 Halftone, 15 Keying, 8 Letterpress Printing, 14 Line Copy, 17 Mechanical, 8 Moire Pattern, 18 Offset Lithography, 14 Opacity, 19 Overlay, 8 Paper Cold-Press, 19 Hot-Press, 19 Pica, 6 PMS, 9 Point, 6 Process Color, 10 Production Modern, 12 Pre-Computer, 12 Ream, 19 Reverse Type, 16 Saddle Wire Stitch, 22 Scoring, 22 Screen Printing, 14 Sheet-fed Press, 18 Side Stitch, 22 Stock, 19 Stripping, 18 Surprinting, 16 Thermography, 21 Tint, 18 Type Classifications, 5 Measurments, 6 Typeface, 5 Typesetting Digital, 7 Letterpress, 7 Linotype, 7 Photo, 7 Web-fed Press, 18 Weight, 19

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Sources

Forms, Folds, and Sizes Second Edition Poppy Evans

Getting it Printed Fourth Edition Eric Kenly & Mark Beach Thinking With Type First Edition Ellen Lupton

www.AIGA.org www.Pantone.com www.PrintIndustry.com

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