Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
(Study of Sirah:
Prophet Muhammad)
Introduction to the Prophet Muhammad
Opening
Any activity which begins without reciting bismillah ar-rahman ar-rahim (In the Name of God, most Merciful, most Gracious) is bereft of baraka. (blessing)
Opening
Shall I teach you the greatest of the suras (chapters) in the Qur'an before you leave the mosque? He took my hand and when we wanted to leave, I said, Messenger of Allah, you said, 'I will teach you the greatest of the suras in the Qur'an. He said, '"Praise belongs to Allah, the Lord of the worlds. (sura al-Faatiha)
Summary of Day 6
Revisiting how we learn Sirah Early stages of Prophethood Early opposition Migration to Ethiopia (Abyssinia)
Timeline
Pre-Prophethood Era (40 years): 569 CE (Year of the Elephant) - 595 CE Makkan Era (13 years): 610 CE - 622 CE Madinan Era (10 years): 622 CE (1st Hijri) - 632 CE (11th Hijri)
Timeline
The Makkan phase can be divided into three stages: (total of 13 years) The stage of the secret Call: 3 years. The stage of the proclamation of the Call in Makkah: from the beginning of the fourth year of Prophethood to almost the end of the tenth year. The stage of the call to Islam and propagating it beyond Makkah: it lasted from the end of tenth year of the Prophethood until His emigration to Madinah.
The initial call to Islam was to worship One God. The meaning is simple but the implication is deeper -customs -superstitions -sacrifice
The ones who rejected and fought against Islam: -Walid ibn Mughira -his son Khalid -Abu Jahl (previously known as Abul Hakam) -Utba ibn Rabia -Abu Sufyan (son in-law of Utba) -Abu Lahab (paternal uncle of the Prophet)
The Quraysh and those who fought against muslims: 1- Insulted and tortured them 2- Tried to persuade the Prophet to do their will 3- Economic and trade boycott
The 1st migration on the 5th Year of Prophethood -az-Zubayr, Uthmaan and 81 went to Ethiopia as an act of preserving Islam and the Muslim community
Every single act a muslim do is a form of fulfilling the objectives of the Syariah (Islamic Sacred Laws) 1- Preservation of Religion 2- Self 3- Intellect 4- Wealth 5- Lineage -includes: eating, spending time, hobbies, etc
Lessons that can be learnt from the migration (Ethiopia): 1- Preservation of Religion 2- Nature of the link between Prophet Jesus and Prophet Muhammad (pbut) 3- Permissible to accept protection from a non-Muslims
On Learning Sirah
Levels of understanding & reading about the Prophet (PBUH) 1- Introductory - Details (understanding facts) 2- Intermediate - Lessons that can be learnt 3- Advance - Deriving wisdom and how to implement in our lives
On Learning Sirah
Classifications of knowledge derived from understanding & reading about the Prophet (PBUH) 1 - Learning the historical and chronological aspect in regards to his life. 2 - His lifestyle - characteristics, interactions 3 - Islamic Sacred Law - injunctions, rulings 4 - His role as leader - political, warfare
A delegation from Abyssinia came to meet the Prophet They were initially sent to learn more about the Prophet, They accepted Islam
The Year of Sorrow 10th year following the Prophets calling Both the wife of the prophet and his uncle died
Implications: 1- No support from a figure of authority (Abu Talib) 2- Loss of emotional comfort and support (Khadija)
Is there any wisdom behind these events? - Death of Khadija -Death of Abu Talib
Scholars mentioned that hypothetically if Abu Talib was around till Hijra and the Victory of Makkah, he might be considered as the one influencing Islams advancement
Divine wisdom ordained that success comes from Allah. Tribulations and hardship is part of attaining success. Every messenger of God goes through ordeals
Year of Sorrow is not based on the deaths of those individuals but the fact that the Prophet saw that the message to be shared is a difficult task
The Prophet left to a place called Taa`if to a ask assistance from a tribe called Thaqif, hopeful that they might accept his message.
He sat down with the people and upon listening to his message, they became inhospitable and treated the prophet with harshness and hostility The people threw stones at the Prophet and those guarding him.
He eventually reached a garden owned by Utbah ibn Rabia. As the Prophet gained his composure he offered a supplication (Doa)
Addas, the slave of the sons of Utbah heard the Prophet mentioning In the name of God when he was offered grapes
1. All-Glorified is He Who took His servant for a journey by night from the Sacred Mosque to the Farthest Mosque the environs of which We have blessed, so that We might show him some of Our signs (of the truths concerning Our Divinity and Lordship). Surely He is the One Who hears and sees. al-Quran (al-Isra) 17 : 1
The initial verse of this surah is concerned with the miraculous night journey of Gods Messenger from the Sacred Mosque in Makkah to the Masjid al-Aqsa in Jerusalem. The Messenger was taken from there through the dimensions of existence, reaching as high as the Presence of God. This second part of the journey is called the Ascension (Mira j).
The reason why the Quran mentions the Bayt al-Maqdis in Jerusalem as Masjid al-Aqsa (The Farthest Mosque) is at least partially because at the time of the Revelation, it was the farthest (sacred) mosque for the Muslims in Madinah.
The Muslims regard three mosques in the world as sacred, and may desire and travel to perform worship in these mosques because of the special reward involved in such a journey. They are Masjid al-Haram (The Sacred Mosque in Makkah, in which the Kabah is situated), Masjid an-Nabi (The Prophets Mosque in Madinah), and Bayt al-Maqdis (Masjid al-Aqsa), in Jerusalem.
These mosques are the fountainheads of the Divine Religion that is based on the absolute Oneness of God and was primarily preached and represented by the greatest Messengers of God, namely Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad, upon them all be peace.
The word farthest also signifies greatness in degree. This surah was revealed in Makkah at a time when the Prophets Mosque in Madinah had not yet been built and the Kabah was full of idols; therefore, the Muslims turned to that Masjid in Jerusalem for their prayers.
In the eleventh year of Prophethood six men came from Madinah for Ha jj and met Rasulullah . They embraced Islam and the following year twelve pilgrims came to Makkah and embraced Islam and pledged: 'We will not worship anyone but Allah, we will not steal, not commit adultery, nor kill our children. We will obey Rasulullah in all that is good'. This was known as the first covenant of Aqabah.
The following year, in the thirteenth year of Nabuwat seventy two Muslims came for Ha jj from Madinah. When they heard that Rasulullah was thinking of leaving Makkah, they invited him to Madinah and promised full help for him, his mission and his followers.
With the promise of safety in Madinah, the believers migrated there alone or in groups with the permission of Rasulullah . When all had left with the exception of Abu Bakr (R.A.), Ali (R.A.) and some women and children, Rasulullah awaited the Command of Allah to leave for Madinah.
Madinah (Yathrib) was populated with many tribes, but most important were the tribes of Aus and Khazra j. There was also a separate section of Madinah which was dominated by the Jews.
As the thirteenth year of Prophethood almost seventy Muslims*, including two women, came to Makkah to perform pilgrimage and to meet Rasulullah at Aqabah. They were specifically sent by the Muslims of Madinah to request Rasulullah to come with them to Madinah.
The determined Muslims pledged by holding unto the hand of Rasulullah that they will sacrifice their lives to protect him and Islam, as they would their wives and children. This was the Second Covenant of Aqabah.
Rasulullah chose twelve Muslims of Madinah for the propagation of Islam. Nine of them were from the tribes of Khazra j. After the pledge had been taken, Rasulullah decided to migrate to Madinah. The muslims began to leave Makkah and go to Madinah. There were only a few Muslims left in Makkah and Rasulullah waited for Allah's commad to leave for Madinah.
Events before the Migration (Hijra): 1 - Year of Sorrow 2 - at-Taa`if 3 - Isra` Miraa j 4 - 1st Pledge of Allegiance 5 - 2nd Pledge of Allegiance
End of Day 7